| 1. |
- Alexius, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Logics and mechanisms of board appointment in hybrid organizations
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The relevance of the paper to the panel topic The management and governance of hybrid organizations involve a range of challenges and critical issues. One such issue concerns the people that embody the hybrid and their capabilities to represent and handle the complex missions and potential value conflicts at stake in a hybrid organization. Looking closer at processes of recruitment and nomination of key actors such as CFOs, managers and board members is relevant as it sheds light on high held ideals for hybrid management and governance and the human resources seen fit to handle complex hybrid missions.The significance of the research (why it is distinctive and its contribution to the field)Our case gives a micro illustration of the governance challenges involved in attempts to design the nomination process to reflect a wider range of goals and values. We also wish to briefly discuss how this shift in appointment logics – from “political discretion” (PA), over “professionalism as in efficiency and economization” (NPM) to “political correctness” (NPG) may affect the boards and management of the SOEs.The research question(s) and methodThe Swedish state has an outspoken aim to be an “active and professional” owner by generating economic value in its 49 state-owned enterprises. At the same time, there is a political ambition for these firms to be seen as national and international “role models”, in the forefront of gender equality and sustainability. In addition, for about 25 SOEs, there are specifically Government commissioned social “public policy assignments” to be taken into consideration. The aim of this paper is to analyse the logics (political vs. professional) in the Swedish Government offices concerning the mechanisms of appointment of board members of Swedish State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) with Government commissioned social public policy assignments.Findings are based on qualitative analyses of documents, observations and interviews with key actors. Focusing foremost on the daily work of civil servants responsible for board nomination in the Ministry of Commerce and Innovation the study also acknowledges the role of external head hunters and executive search firms, politically appointed civil servants, politicians and board chairs and members in the nomination process.The theoretical/conceptual foundations for the researchThe backdrop to our case story is the historical transition from traditional Public Administration (PA), over new public management (NPM) regimes to the emerging post-NPM era of “New Public Governance” (Osborne, 2010; Almqvist et al., 2003; Ivarsson Westernberg, 2017), their dominant institutional logics and the effects on the appointment of public representatives, such as board members of SOEs.The results to be reportedOur claim is that in the emerging NPG era, the previously dominating professional (and typically economical) logic of NPM-inspired governance of State-owned enterprises is challenged. Public appointment officials now face increasing external pressure to demonstrate that the multiple social values at stake for the hybrid organizations are reflected in the nomination of their board members, without compromising business efficiency, public accountability and the public income derived from SOEs.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Alexius, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Mission(s) impossible? Configuring values in the governance of state-owned enterprises
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Public Sector Management. - 0951-3558 .- 1758-6666. ; 28:4-5, s. 286-306
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to theory of hybrid organizations, with particular regard to state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and their ability to contribute to sustaining value pluralism in the public sector.Design/methodology/approach – The paper offers a qualitative case concerning ongoing performance management reforms in the corporate governance of SOEs in Sweden, which is analyzed using theory on valuation and evaluation.Findings – It is found that the number of non-financial values is reduced with reference to categorization. Attempts are made to change the perception of the potential value conflict at hand between financial and non-financial missions by adding a number of neutralizing “meta values” such as transparency and efficiency to the performance language in use. There is a risk of mission drift as a clear hierarchization of values, prioritizing financial values, is created and sustained in “investment teams.” Processes, standards and dialogues are all dominated by an economic logic despite formal aspirations to balance the values at stake. The few remaining non-financial values are translated into economic language aiming for a commensuration of the performance of the different missions. In addition, the ambition of the public policy assignment may be further reduced by de-coupling.Originality/value – The paper suggests a novel approach to hybrid organizations in general and SOEs in particular when exploring how the values underlying complex missions are configured in “value work” performed by government officials in Swedish government offices. Such analyses of value work in the micro-practice of hybrids offer a more fine-grained understanding of organizational dilemmas that are commonly acknowledged, but more seldom explained in empirical detail.
|
|
| 5. |
- Allamani, Allaman, et al.
(författare)
-
Contextual Determinants of Alcohol Consumption Changes and Preventive Alcohol Policies : A 12-Country European Study in Progress 2011
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Substance Use & Misuse. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 46:10, s. 1288-1303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beginning with France in the 1950s, alcohol consumption has decreased in Southern European countries with few or no preventive alcohol policy measures being implemented, while alcohol consumption has been increasing in Northern European countries where historically more restrictive alcohol control policies were in place, even though more recently they were loosened. At the same time, Central and Eastern Europe have shown an intermediate behavior. We propose that country-specific changes in alcohol consumption between 1960 and 2008 are explained by a combination of a number of factors: (1) preventive alcohol policies and (2) social, cultural, economic, and demographic determinants. This article describes the methodology of a research study designed to understand the complex interactions that have occurred throughout Europe over the past five decades. These include changes in alcohol consumption, drinking patterns and alcohol-related harm, and the actual determinants of such changes
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Bickl, Andreas M., et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care : Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Addictions. - : Akademiai Kiado Zrt.. - 2062-5871 .- 2063-5303. ; 10:3, s. 690-700
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Evidence on the course of gambling disorder (GD) in clients seeking help from outpatient addiction care facilities is sparse. To close this knowledge gap, this longitudinal one-armed cohort study portrays the development of GD in help-seeking clients over a 3-year timeframe.Methods: We investigated changes in severity of GD as well as in gambling frequency and intensity in 145 gamblers in outpatient treatment in Bavaria using generalized estimation equations (GEEs). To investigate potentially different trajectories between study participants with and without migration background (MB), additional analyses were applied with time*migration interaction. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, electronic gambling machine (EGM) gambling, MB, GD, related help sought before and treatment status.Results: Within the entire study population, improvements in severity of GD (reduction of 39.2%), gambling intensity (reduction of 75.6%) and gambling frequency (reduction of 77.0%) were observed between baseline and 36 months of follow-up. The declines were most pronounced between baseline and follow-up 1 and stabilized thereafter. Participants with MB improved consistently less than participants without MB.Discussion and conclusion: Our study suggests that severity of GD and gambling patterns improve in the context of outpatient treatment. The beneficial results furthermore persist for 36 months after treatment termination. As clients with MB seem to profit less than clients without MB, improvements in outpatient gambling services to the specific needs of this clientele are required.
|
|
| 8. |
- Binde, Per, 1956, et al.
(författare)
-
Criminogenic problem gambling: A study of verdicts by Swedish courts
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Gambling Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1445-9795 .- 1479-4276. ; 22:3, s. 344-364
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the characteristics and consequences of criminogenic problem gambling in Sweden. All verdicts (N = 283,884) delivered by Swedish general courts between 2014 and 2018 were subjected to a key word search for the term ‘problem gambling’ and its synonyms. Verdicts that met the search criterion (n = 1,232) were inspected manually and cases in which problem gambling clearly was the main cause for committing crime (n = 282) were analyzed quantitatively. The most common types of crimes were fraud and embezzlement (67%). Each year around 400 individuals, companies, and organizations became victims of gambling-driven crimes, with nonprofit organizations being the most severely affected. Those convicted for such crimes were older, and to a greater extent female and first-time offenders, compared to national statistics on crimes in general. This suggests that in Sweden, middle-aged women are a high-risk group for severe gambling problems that should be monitored particularly closely by gambling companies for indications of problematic gambling. We conclude that although crimes driven by problem gambling are relatively rare in the justice system, they bring considerable harm to victims and the perpetrators themselves.
|
|
| 9. |
- Binde, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Violating trust : a study of court verdicts in cases of gambling-driven economic crimes in the workplace
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Criminology. - 2578-983X .- 2578-9821. ; 23:2, s. 212-230
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated trust-violating economic crimes committed in businesses and at public and non-profit organizations by employees with problem gambling. Verdicts delivered by the Swedish general courts over a five-year period (N = 283,884) were subject to a keyword search, and verdicts matching the search criteria (n = 1,232) were examined in detail, identifying 62 such cases. A notable finding was that middle-aged women with no previous criminal record were overrepresented compared with women in national statistics on crimes in general. Non-profit organizations and public services were relatively ineffective in detecting gambling-driven trust-violating crimes. The implications of our findings for criminological theory are discussed; the results lend support to Donald Cressey’s theory of trust-violating crime as driven by a non-shareable problem and agree with the ‘fraud triangle’ conceptualization. We conclude that although these gambling-driven crimes are relatively rare, the risk of them occurring should not be ignored by businesses and organizations as the consequences can be severe and, for small businesses, sometimes devastating.
|
|
| 10. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
-
A solitary case : Swedish tobacco policy as harm reduction?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Drugs and alcohol today. - 1745-9265 .- 2042-8359. ; 13:2, s. 102-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – This paper aims to analyse Swedish tobacco policy, especially in relation to EU tobacco regulation. The paper also seeks to review the arguments and the scientific support presented in the debate around Swedish snus, setting it in the context of future EU regulation on tobacco.Design/methodology/approach – The article draws on previous research, official documents and newspaper articles to examine tobacco policy development on a national and EU level.Findings – The paper shows that the so-called Swedish experience has led to a somewhat ambivalent political attitude towards tobacco policy. The Swedish case of snus also demonstrates the EU as a political and regulatory force in national policymaking and how different economic and political interests are using scientifically based arguments to advance goals of their own. The paper argues that political measures are dictated by ideology and political considerations, which are themselves supported by ambiguous scientific results. Harm reduction is used as a political tool in a debate which extends well beyond public health concerns.Originality/value – This paper contributes to research on tobacco policy in general and on Swedish snus in particular. The paper also puts the snus question in a broader context of national public health policy and EU regulation.
|
|
| 11. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
-
Alcohol policy in the European Union
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Union Public Health Policy. - London & New York : Routledge. - 9780415516648 - 9780203077245 ; , s. 168-180
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
(författare)
-
Escaping deadlock - alcohol policy-making in the EU
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of European Public Policy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1350-1763 .- 1466-4429. ; 16:5, s. 755-773
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the cultural and ideological diversity of the member states when it comes to alcohol, several alcohol-related initiatives have been taken recently at the EU level. The purpose of this article is to analyse the development of two of these initiatives: the Council Recommendation of 5 June 2001 on the drinking of alcohol by young people, and the invitation from the Council to the Commission to develop a Community Alcohol Strategy, both adopted during the Swedish Presidency in 2001. Drawing from Hritier's work on escaping deadlock it is argued that EU decisions on alcohol policy were made possible by using four strategies: priority, anchorage, lowest common denominator and baby steps. In cases of weak EU supranational competence the possibilities of escaping deadlock differ somewhat from cases of strong legislative competence and the strategies of priority and anchorage seem to be of particular importance for questions based on soft law decision-making.
|
|
| 14. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Gambling problems as a political framing : Safeguarding the monopolies in Finland and Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Issues. - : Concurrent Disorders Society Press. - 1910-7595. ; :26, s. 110-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ManyEUmember states are currently rethinking their gambling laws and policies to adapt toEuropean lawand to take into account increased technological possibilities for the gamblingindustry and increased competition on national gambling markets. Some of the countrieshave responded to the newsituation by giving up or remarkablyweakening theirmonopolies,but other countries have, on the contrary, reformed their monopoly systems to strengthenthem to meet the new challenges. This article analyses gambling policy reforms in Finlandand Sweden, where the liberalisation trend has been contested to safeguard the monopolysystems. The main means have been an increased focus on gambling-related problems andemphasis on the responsible nature and particular capability of monopoly-based systemsto tackle these problems. This has made it possible not only to keep the monopoly systemintact but also to expand its field of activities to the Internet as a responsible measure.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Impacts of Tourism on Drinking and Alcohol Policy in Low-And Middle-Income Countries : A Selective Thematic Review
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Contemporary Drug Problems. - : SAGE Publications. - 0091-4509 .- 2163-1808. ; 41:2, s. 145-169
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article considers impacts of the drinking patterns of tourists from high-consumption, high-income societies on low- and middle-income societies, thematically reviewing a rather sparse literature. Drinking — indeed, drinking more than at home — fits well into the context of tourism. Heavy drinking by tourists has a substantial impact on many elements in the host society, increasing consumption levels particularly among young people working within the tourism sector. Tourist industry interests have often successfully argued for policies that result in a wider general availability of alcohol in the society, and provision for tourists has often served as an entry point in the society for the global alcohol industry. National and international consideration of policies to reduce alcohol problems should take into consideration the potential adverse influences on national alcohol policies arising from tourism.
|
|
| 18. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
-
Innanför och utanför nationens gränser : svensk alkoholpolitik i förändring
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Samhället, alkoholen och drogerna. - Stockholm : Stockholms universitets förlag. - 9789176566817 ; , s. 71-87
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan Sverige gick med i den Europeiska Unionen (EU) har den nationella alkoholpolitiken genomgått stora förändringar. Detta har setts som en tvingande konsekvens av själva medlemskapet eftersom EU:s regler om fri rörlighet av varor inte har rimmat med Sveriges syn på alkohol som en folkhälsofråga. Frågan är dock om det enbart är själva medlemskapet som drivit fram förändringarna eller om de lika mycket beror på ändrad inställning och attityd bland svenskarna. Det här kapitlet redogör för de 17 år som förflutit sedan Sverige trädde in i EU. Det beskriver de lagändringar som Sverige gjort i alkoholfrågan och de mekanismer som drivit fram dessa. Det berättar också hur Sverige genom konsekvent påtryckning, forskning och kunskapsspridning lyckats medverka till en attitydförändring inom EU och lyfta alkoholfrågan till att också bli en fråga om folkhälsa. Det är berättelsen om hur ett litet medlemsland, med hjälp av goda argument och stöd från andra länder, kan påverka EU:s politiska utveckling.
|
|
| 19. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
-
Nordic gambling markets and the possibilities for state-level control
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Gambling Issues. - : Concurrent Disorders Society Press. - 1910-7595. ; :18, s. 9-29
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gambling has gone through considerable changes during recent decades with new forms of gambling, increased turnover, and increasingly extensive marketing of different modes of gambling. At the same time, the monopolistic structure of state-controlled gambling has been questioned by media and private actors on national and European Union (EU) levels. The focus has increasingly ended up on legal interpretations of the possibilities of and the obstacles for state regulation, which has recently placed Nordic gambling monopolies under scrutiny.The purpose of this article is to clarify the legal arrangements for gambling in the Nordic countries and also how the different countries have chosen to react to increased pressure for deregulation of this area. The article describes how gambling is regulated in the five different countries and analyses what parts of the legal framework of the EU are a threat to the existing gambling systems in these countries.
|
|
| 20. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
-
Sweden, the EU and the alcohol traveller’s allowances
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Contemporary Drug Problems. - 0091-4509 .- 2163-1808. ; 37:1, s. 3--38
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Restrictive alcohol policies have a long history at the national level in Sweden; however, with the accession to the European Union the international component of alcohol policy has become clearer, and the national policies have been eroded. Sweden had to abandon low traveller’s allowances and gradually adopt the considerably higher European levels by January 1, 2004. On the EU level the traveller’s allowances were an issue long before Sweden’s accession, and high allowances were a conscious way of forcing down high taxes as an instrument of harmonization. The purpose of the article is to analyze how the changes and the Swedish government’s actions on the traveller’s allowances issue have been understood. Analyzing this case contributes to understanding the major changes that have occurred in Swedish alcohol policy since the mid-1990s. Different narratives from interviews, official documents, and news articles make it possible to understand alcohol policy developments in Sweden in relation to the EU. The article finds that there are five main narratives which have been used to try to explain the development of the traveller’s allowances question: the Misinterpretation Explanation, the Double Accounts Explanation, the Impotence Explanation, the Humility Explanation, and the Optimism Explanation. The article also shows that the different narratives have developed over time, indicating a learning process among Swedish authorities on the functioning of EU policy processes.
|
|
| 21. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish Tobacco policy : from rational choice to ‘harm to others’
- 2012
-
Ingår i: A welfare policy patchwork. - Helsinki : Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues (NVC). - 9788779190719 ; , s. 65-82
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter analyses the development of Swedish tobacco policy and tobacco regulation since the early 1990s. In addition, it looks at how this policy has been influenced by the World Health Organization, the European Union, the Nordic countries and various others stakeholders, and examines the effect of policy changes on smoking cessation in the Swedish population. The chapter is based on both primary and secondary sources such as policy documents, previous research and survey data. It is concluded that both the political and research focus has shifted from the provision of information to rational individuals to highlighting the effects of smoking to others. Swedish tobacco regulation has been influenced by policies in other Nordic countries, but it is largely a product of WHO and EU recommendations and directives. In an international perspective, Swedish tobacco policy seems to have been rather more reactive than proactive. It is also shown that policy decisions on pricing and availability, for instance, have a somewhat greater impact on smoking cessation than information. However, women tend to be more responsive than men to information campaigns and health warnings.
|
|
| 22. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
-
The de-monopolization of pharmaceutical retail in Sweden : Policy, actors and arguments.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: A welfare policy patchwork. - Helsinki : Nordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues (NVC). - 9788779190719 ; , s. 101-121
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter analyses the regulation of pharmaceuticals in Sweden, with special emphasis on the demonopolization of retail trade in 2009 and the actors and arguments involved in the process. It shows how differences in ideologies and values affect policy outcomes and create different possibilities to organize the market. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the implications of the regulatory changes and looks at how the changes to the organization of Swedish pharmacies have affected ordinary citizens. It is concluded that the regulation of pharmaceuticals has received much political debate in Sweden, but that the issue has nonetheless been hard to resolve. Over time there has been a shift in argumentation from a non-acceptance of profits and an emphasis on safe pharmaceuticals management in the 1970s to the current profit thinking with a view to increasing efficiency, availability and service standards. The Hanner case acted as a catalyst in a period when neither of the political blocs were interested in putting a reformation of pharmacies on the political agenda. The new system has so far improved availability. Expectations of lower prices and greater customer satisfaction have not been met in the same manner.
|
|
| 23. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
-
The Europeanization of Swedish alcohol Policy : framing and New Modes of Governance
- 2009. - 1
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since Sweden became a member of the EU, the historically restrictive policies derived at national level must now work on a European level as well. Consequently, there has been a swift development of the alcohol policy area both in Sweden and more broadly in the EU. Drawing on the Europeanization literature, new analyses and insight focus on the intriguing interplay between the nation state and the EU when it comes to alcohol policy change. Previous research has shown that alcohol in the EU primarily has been seen in terms of commodities in the common market. Using Sweden as an example, this book also demonstrates how Swedish authorities have influenced EU policy making by putting alcohol on the agenda as a public health issue. This book describes how the emergence of a European alcohol policy has been made possible through a new focus on the EU level, with increased cooperation between member states and a trend toward harmonization of policy and frames. Thus it is of special interest for those studying political processes, the development of the EU and public health related questions.
|
|
| 24. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
-
The Europeanization of Swedish Alcohol Policy
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this dissertation is to study the Europeanization of Swedish alcohol policy from 1995-2006. It analyses the development of Swedish and European alcohol policy and answers the following research questions: How has alcohol policy developed on the national and the EU level during this period? What are the Swedish alcohol policy initiatives on the EU level? What does the interplay between Swedish and European policy processes look like? Of interest for this dissertation is also how the Swedish view on alcohol policy has been received on EU level.The dissertation comprises four related articles and an introductory chapter. In the articles official documents and interviews are analyzed in the context of the literature on Europeanization, using the concepts framing, narrative and new modes of governance. Article I explores the history of negotiations between Sweden and the EU on the traveller’s allowances question. Article II and III analyse how Swedish authorities, first through research and later through formal policy-making during the Swedish Presidency, tried to reframe alcohol on the EU-level. Finally, the fourth article is a comparative analysis of the Nordic retail monopolies, analyzing how the monopolies have developed and reacted to national and international pressures on their activities.The dissertation shows that Swedish authorities have influenced the EU level by putting alcohol on the agenda, and offered pressure and economic support to make sure that alcohol as a public health question has become and been kept as a prioritized question. This development is, however, nested inside the changing scope and emphasis of the EU. The emergence of a European alcohol policy as a public health-oriented process has been made possible through a new focus on the EU level, with increased cooperation between member states and a trend toward harmonization of policy and frames when it comes to alcohol.
|
|
| 25. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny
(författare)
-
The Europeanization of Swedish alcohol policy - the case of ECAS
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of European Social Policy. - : SAGE Publications. - 0958-9287 .- 1461-7269. ; 18:4, s. 380-392
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whereas governments had previously designed early exit policies to unburden labour markets, they have come increasingly to regard them as problematic. We investigate the reasons for this policy reversal, focusing on two key actors: governments and trade unions. Our mixed-methods approach entails two major steps: first, we embed approaches to policy reform in a common framework to show the empirical relevance of the two major actors in most OECD countries. We find that both government ideology and union representativeness matter. In a second step, we investigate reform processes in two countries in more detail. Belgium and the Netherlands have much in common as regards government and interest groups but differ in terms of the reversal of early exit policies. We see that both the configuration of electoral and welfare state institutions have shaped the specific strategic environment of the two actors in both countries.
|
|
| 26. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Future Swedish Gambling Market : Challenges in Law and Public Policies
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Gambling Policies in European Welfare States. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319906195 - 9783319906201 ; , s. 197-216
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish gambling regulation has been questioned from an EU law perspective. While no changes have yet taken place, a reform proposal has during 2017 been submitted and the Government has in April 2018 passed a bill to Parliament based on that proposal. The new Swedish Gambling Act shall be based on a licensing system: anyone who wants to act in the Swedish gambling market must have a designated licence. The proposal underlines that the negative consequences of gambling should be limited and that extensive consumer protection calls for curbs on marketing. This chapter will discuss different aspects of gambling regulation in Sweden, especially in the light of EU law. Particular attention will be paid to the legal scope for reform, differences in taxation including the position held by public interest non-profit organisations, marketing and consumer protection.
|
|
| 27. |
- Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny, 1975-
(författare)
-
Ökat tryck på nordiska spelmonopol
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Socialt perspektiv. - 1102-2973. ; :1, s. 85-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 28. |
- Forsström, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Responsible gambling in practice : A case study of views and practices of Swedish oriented gambling companies
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 36:2, s. 91-107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish gambling market faces a major change in legislation that will allow foreign-based companies to apply for a gambling licence in Sweden. A key element in the new legislation are consumer protection measures. The Swedish gambling market is currently divided between licensed companies and non-Swedish-based companies providing online gambling services without a licence in Sweden. How these companies view their responsibility for preventing gambling-related harm and how prepared they are for the new regulations are important questions regarding the new Swedish gambling market. Aims: To compare and analyse the views and practices on problem gambling and responsible gambling (RG) measures among licensed and unlicensed gambling companies on the Swedish market. Design/Methods/Data: Eleven semi-structured interviews were carried out with responsible gambling managers who are members of either of the two Swedish industry associations. Content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Results: Non-licensed companies have implemented behaviour tracking and monitoring of gamblers in a more extensive way than licensed companies. Both the licensed and the unlicensed companies conceptualise problem gambling in a similar manner and rely on informed choice in preventing gamblers from developing problems, seemingly arguing that offering responsible gambling measures on their website is enough. Conclusions: There are several similarities in how the two types of companies define problem gambling and responsible gambling. Both groups lack a critical perspective when discussing RG. There is a need for companies not only to provide RG measures, but to take an active role in preventing harm among gamblers. Future research should focus on exploring how companies work with RG after the legislative change.
|
|
| 29. |
- González Díaz, Katya, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Balancing conflicting interests : stakeholders’ interpretations of ‘moderation’ in Swedish gambling advertising legislation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Gambling Studies. - : Routledge. - 1445-9795 .- 1479-4276.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On January 1st, 2019, a license-based system allowing online commercial companies to operate and advertise in the Swedish market was introduced. According to the Gambling Act, advertising should be ‘moderate’. Legislative changes are windows of opportunities where stakeholder interpretation and adaption may result in new agenda-setting based on conflicting interests. This article examines how stakeholder groups initially perceived and interpreted this key concept of moderation. Data from semi-structured interviews, seminars and press conferences, as well as policy documents and statements, were analyzed using a framework method approach. Contrary to what is stated in the legislation, stakeholders defined ‘moderation’ in terms of both content and volume. Although industry and media representatives requested further guidance for interpreting ‘moderation’, they favored self-regulation and allowing market consolidation. There was a notable ambivalence within and between stakeholder groups concerning balancing freedom of expression, market protection, consumer protection and public health. In conclusion, legislation is a blunt steering instrument when key concepts are largely left to stakeholders, with opposing interests, to interpret. Our study shows the incremental and interactive character of policy-making, where new legislation resulted in new policy responses. Case law and market consolidation take time and regulatory interventions need to take this into account.
|
|
| 30. |
- Grossi, Giuseppe, et al.
(författare)
-
Logics and Practices of Board Appointments in Hybrid Organizations : The Case of Swedish State-Owned Enterprises
- 2019. - 1
-
Ingår i: Managing hybrid organizations: Governance, professionalism and regulation. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783319954868 - 9783319954851 ; , s. 157-178
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter offers insights into the governance of Swedish state-owned enterprises performed by civil servants in cooperation with the minister and state secretary in the Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation. The authors take particular interest in the practices and thinking of the few but powerful civil servants who work with board appointment. A closer look into the daily practices shows us that negotiating and aligning the political and the commercial logics at stake is described as key to the board appointment. These processes are, in turn, based on conditioned trust between civil servants and politicians.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Kraus, Ludwig, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
-
Self-exclusion from gambling : A toothless tiger?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there is evidence for self-exclusion (SE) as an individual-level harm reduction intervention, its effects on reducing harm from gambling at the population level remain unclear. Based on a review of national legal frameworks and SE programs, including their utilization and enforcement in selected high-income societies, the present analysis aims to explore the reach and strengths of SE in the protection of gamblers in these jurisdictions. It places particular emphasis on SE programs' potential to prevent and minimize gambling harm at the population level. The overview examined SE in Finland, Germany, Italy, Massachusetts (USA), Norway, Sweden, and Victoria (Australia). These jurisdictions differ considerably in how gambling is regulated as well as in how SE is implemented and enforced. The reach and extent of enforcement of SE apparently vary with the polity's general policy balance between reducing gambling problems and increasing gambling revenue. But in any case, though SE may benefit individual gamblers and those around them, it does not appear to be capable of significantly reducing gambling harm at the population level. To render SE programs an effective measure that prevents gamblers and those linked to them from financial, social, and psychological harm, utilization needs to be substantially increased by reforming legal regulations and exclusion conditions.
|
|
| 35. |
- Kraus, Ludwig, et al.
(författare)
-
Voluntary self-exclusion from gambling : Expert opinions on gaps and needs for improvement
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Sage Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Voluntary self-exclusion (VSE) programmes are intended to minimise gambling-related harm. They are considered effective for the individual but several weaknesses have been reported that deter individuals from enrolment. The present paper summarises opinions about and experiences with VSE strategies and assesses gaps and needs with regard to the current self-exclusion regulations and programmes in seven jurisdictions.Methods: A total of 102 representatives from various sectors (research community; addiction help and care services; prevention; regulatory bodies; gambling providers) in Finland, Germany, Italy, Massachusetts (USA), Norway, Sweden, and Victoria (Australia) were surveyed about their experiences with and opinions about VSE strategies, as well as gaps and needs of the current VSE regulations in their jurisdiction.Results: The respondents agreed on the need for and importance of VSE programmes. However, in all participating jurisdictions, VSE regulations at the time of the survey were considered insufficient, and the respondents suggested potential improvements to facilitate the exclusion process, increase utilisation and reduce gamblers’ breaching VSE. Representatives of the gambling industry also emphasised the individual's responsibility.Conclusions: Individuals with gambling disorder require effective VSE programmes to cope with their addictive behaviour. To effectively reduce breaches, technical and legal solutions are necessary. This includes access controls based on complete nationwide registries, strict enforcement and preventing excluded gamblers from accessing unlicensed online operators.
|
|
| 36. |
- Kraus, Ludwig, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
-
'We are not the ones to blame'. Gamblers' and providers' appraisal of self-exclusion in Germany
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Given low utilization by individuals experiencing gambling problems the potential of self-exclusion (SE) might be not fully exploited in Germany. This paper aims to gain insight into different actors’ perceptions and reflections on the problems and difficulties in the process of self-exclusion to delineate which specific attitudes hamper a successful implementation of SE.Methods 13 individual and four group interviews with individuals experiencing gambling problems and governmental or commercial gambling providers were examined. A Grounded Theory Approach was used to portray the opinions of these different actors on existing regulations of SE and to delineate potentially diverging interests between the distinct groups.Results The interviewees agreed on the usefulness of SE and consented that it is important to early recognize individuals experiencing gambling problems. They also considered the present practice insufficient but for different reasons. Individuals experiencing gambling problems and providers particularly disagreed on addressing individuals experiencing gambling problems. While individuals experiencing gambling problems stated that they had hardly ever been approached, providers argued that help offers were mostly rejected. Especially commercial providers also regarded insufficient German language skills and rapid fluctuation of guests as strong barriers to approaching individuals experiencing gambling problems. Interviewees from governmental venues furthermore suspected that commercial providers took addressing individuals experiencing gambling problems less seriously.Conclusion Our results emphasize the dilemma of conflicting interests in both individuals experiencing gambling problems and providers. Rather than acting against the economic interests of employers, venue staff blame individuals experiencing gambling problems for lack of problem recognition. Conversely, individuals experiencing gambling problems blame the providers for not offering help. To address individuals experiencing gambling problems appropriate staff training is required, and SE regulations need to be controlled by an independent body rather than by the providers themselves.
|
|
| 37. |
- Motka, Franziska, et al.
(författare)
-
Who uses self-exclusion to regulate problem gambling? A systematic literature review
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral Addictions. - : Akademiai Kiado Zrt.. - 2062-5871 .- 2063-5303. ; 7:4, s. 903-916
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Self-exclusion programs offer an intervention for individuals with problem gambling behavior. However, these programs are insufficiently used. This review describes sociodemographic features and gambling behavior of self-excluders as well as goals and motives for initiating self-exclusion from terrestrial and online gambling. In addition, use of further professional help and barriers to self-exclusion are examined.METHODS: Based on systematic literature search and quality assessment, n = 16 original studies (13 quantitative, 2 qualitative, and 1 mixed method) published between 1997 and 2017 in English or German language were analyzed. Results are presented for online and terrestrial gambling separately.RESULTS: Online self-excluders were on average 10 years younger than terrestrial self-excluders. Self-exclusion was mainly motivated by financial problems, followed by feelings of losing control and problems with significant others. Financial problems and significant others were less important for online than for terrestrial gamblers. Main barriers for self-exclusion were complicated enrollment processes, lack of complete exclusion from all venues, little support from venue staff, and lack of adequate information on self-exclusion programs. Both self-excluders from terrestrial and online gambling had negative attitudes toward the need of professional addiction care.CONCLUSION: To exploit the full potential of self-exclusion as a measure of gambler protection, its acceptance and its utilization need to be increased by target-group-specific information addressing financial issues and the role of significant others, simplifying the administrative processes, facilitating self-exclusion at an early stage of the gambling career, offering self-determined exclusion durations, and promoting additional use of professional addiction care.
|
|
| 38. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(författare)
-
A Framework Convention on Alcohol Control : Getting Concrete about Its Contents
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Risk Regulation. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1867-299X .- 2190-8249. ; 12:2, s. 433-443
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proposes and discusses the text of a Framework Convention on Alcohol Control, which would serve public health and welfare interests. The history of alcohol's omission from current drug treaties is briefly discussed. The paper spells out what should be covered in the treaty, using text adapted primarily from the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, but for the control of trade from the 1961 narcotic drugs treaty. While the draft provides for the treaty to be negotiated under the auspices of the World Health Organization, other auspices are possible. Excluding alcohol industry interests from the negotiation of the treaty is noted as an important precondition. The articles in the draft treaty and their purposes are briefly described, and the divergences from the tobacco treaty are described and justified. The text of the draft treaty is provided as Supplementary Material. Specification of concrete provisions in a draft convention points the way towards more effective global actions and agreements on alcohol control, whatever form they take.
|
|
| 39. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(författare)
-
Government monopoly as an instrument for public health and welfare : Lessons for cannabis from experience with alcohol monopolies
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International journal on drug policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 74, s. 223-228
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Government monopolies of markets in hazardous but attractive substances and activities have a long history, though prior to the late 19th century often motivated more by revenue needs than by public health and welfare.METHODS: A narrative review considering lessons from alcohol for monopolization of all or part of legal markets in cannabis as a strategy for public health and welfare.RESULTS: A monopoly can constrain levels of use and harm from use through such mechanisms as price, limits on times and places of availability, and effective implementation of restrictions on who can purchase, and less directly by replacing private interests who would promote sales and press for greater availability, and as a potential test-bed for new policies. But such monopolies can also push in the opposite direction, particularly if revenue becomes the prime consideration. Drawing on the alcohol experience in recent decades, the paper discusses issues relevant to cannabis legalization in monopolization of different market levels and segments - production, wholesale, import, retail for off-site and for on-site use - and choices about the structuring and governance of monopolies and their organizational location in government, from the perspective of maximizing public health and welfare interests.CONCLUSION: While the historical record is mixed for government monopolies of attractive but hazardous commodities, experience with alcohol in recent decades shows that for public health and welfare public monopolization is generally a preferable option.
|
|
| 40. |
- Room, Robin, et al.
(författare)
-
The governance of addictions at the international level
- 2014. - 1
-
Ingår i: Reframing addictions. - Barcelona : ALICE RAP project. - 9788469716472 ; , s. 46-58
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter considers the governance of addictions in an international perspective, focusing on structures and actions at a global level and within the European Union (EU) in the fields of drugs, pharmaceuticals, alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Both at a global level and within the EU, there is great disparity between different addictive substances and behaviours in the extent of and priorities in international governance of markets and their customers. Nonmedical use of psychoactive substances under international drug control treaties is subject to a strict prohibitory regime, and at the EU level implementing that regime has been a political project of unification. In contrast, alcohol and gambling are subject to no public health-oriented international regulation, and trade treaties and agreements have been used as instruments to weaken national and local control regimes. Tobacco and psychopharmaceuticals (along with other medications under prescription regimes), are at intermediate positions. At the EU level, court decisions on trade and national control issues have paid substantial attention to considerations of public health and interest. But at the global level, international trade and investment law has fairly systematically operated to undercut control for public health or in the public interest in all areas other than the drug prohibition treaties. Particularly globally, there has been a tendency toward a Manichean system where an addictive commodity either is forbidden entirely or is subject to free-market rules with diminishing restrictions on the market and promotion.
|
|
| 41. |
- Samuelsson, Eva, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sense or sensibility—Ideological dilemmas in gamblers' notions of responsibilities for gambling problems
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gambling market is a complex field of conflicting stakeholders and interests involving dimensions, such as economy, health, social inequality and morals. The division of responsibility between gamblers, the gambling industry and the regulating state for limiting the harmful effects of this activity, however, are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore how gamblers in the Swedish market attribute responsibility to various actors within the gambling field. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 37 gamblers experiencing extensive gambling problems. Based on a discourse analytical approach, five ideological dilemmas were identified, highlighting the tension between the, often contradictory, values that the participants need to relate to. On the individual level, the gamblers emphasize their own responsibility for their problem, thereby showing accountability in relation to themselves, their significant others and their peers as agents in recovery. On the corporate- and state levels however, the participants argue for a stronger public health approach, where the gambling companies should take further responsibility by living up to the legal regulations and where the state should ensure compliance and safeguard funding for treatment and research. The essential paradox between the individual responsibility discourse of self-regulation and the prevailing medical discourse of the gambler's incapacity for self-control signifies an impossible equation that imposes feelings of guilt and shame upon an individual who is concurrently considered as both responsible and incapable. In order to reduce harm, the gambling industry must be more proactive with coercive external control measures to fulfill the duty of care they claim to adhere to, and the regulating state must ensure its compliance.
|
|
| 42. |
- Samuelsson, Eva, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Spelares upplevelser av förändringar i vanor och problem. En kvalitativ studie om spel om pengar
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Spelvanor och spelproblem är föränderliga i människors liv beroende på en mängd olika faktorer. För att fördjupa kunskapen om hur spel om pengar förändras över tid och vad som påverkar dessa förändringar, har kvalitativa telefonintervjuer genomförts med 40 personer som tidigare deltagit i Swelogs kvantitativa longitudinella undersökningar. Resultaten visade att både individ-, relations- och samhällsrelaterade faktorer påverkade spelandets upp- och nedgångar. Faktorer som personliga egenskaper, mående, föreställningar om spel, tillgång till pengar, arbetssituation, familjeliv, livshändelser, mognadsprocesser, reklam och tillgänglighet samverkar för förändrade spelvanor och måste förstås i ett sammanhang. Fyra olika typfall identifierades som representerade varierande problemgrad och förändringsmönster. Situationer som var förknippade med ökat spelande var relaterade till att bli myndig, spela med vänner i samband med berusningsdrickande, storvinster, att ha ett kringresande arbete, negativa livshändelser, depression, ensamhet och brist på meningsfull sysselsättning. Psykiskt välbefinnande, stödjande relationer och meningsfull sysselsättning var centralt för att ta sig ur destruktiva spelvanor eller att hålla vanorna på en ickeproblematisk nivå. Spelreklamens aggressiva utformning upplevs som ett problem av många, och restriktioner förespråkades. Slutligen vittnade intervjupersonerna om att deltagandet i en longitudinell undersökning om spelvanor kan bidra till ökad reflektion och högre medvetenhet om egna beteenden och spelproblem i samhället.
|
|
| 43. |
- Sulkunen, Pekka, et al.
(författare)
-
Setting Limits : Gambling, Science and Public Policy
- 2018
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- With a focus on evidence from social, economic, epidemiological, and policy research, the scientific basis of the evidence is reviewed in a way that informs policymakers from a solid groundwork of data.An international focus provides the reader with a global view of the emerging epidemic of gambling problems.
|
|
| 44. |
- Sulkunen, Pekka, et al.
(författare)
-
Setting Limits : Gambling, Science and Public Policy—summary of results
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 116:1, s. 32-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gambling industry has grown into a global business in the 21st century. This has created the need for a new emphasis on problem prevention. This article highlights the core themes of the book Setting Limits: Gambling, Science and Public Policy, taking a broad view of the consequences of gambling for society as a burden on health, well-being and equality. The book covers the extent of gambling and gambling-related problems in different societies and presents a critical review of research on industry practices, policy objectives and preventive approaches, including services to people suffering from gambling and its consequences. It discusses the developments in game characteristics and gambling environments and provides evidence on how regulation can affect those. Effective measures to minimize gambling harm exist and many are well supported by scientific evidence. They include restrictions on general availability as well as selective measures to prevent gamblers from overspending. The revenue generated from gambling for the industry, governments, and providers of public services funded from gambling returns presents an obstacle to developing policies to implement harm-reduction measures. A public interest approach must weigh these interests against the suffering and losses of the victims of gambling.
|
|
