| 1. |
- Ciuha, Ursa, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of normobaric hypoxic bed rest on the thermal comfort zone
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Thermal Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4565 .- 1879-0992. ; 49-50, s. 39-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future Lunar and Mars habitats will maintain a hypobaric hypoxic environment to minimise the risk of decompression sickness during the preparation for extra-vehicular activity. This study was part of a larger study investigating the separate and combined effects of inactivity associated with reduced gravity and hypoxia, on the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurohumoural, and thermoregulatory systems. Eleven healthy normothermic young male subjects participated in three trials conducted on separate occasions: (1) Normobaric hypoxic ambulatory confinement, (2) Normobaric hypoxic bedrest and (3) Normobaric normoxic bedrest Normobaric hypoxia was achieved by reduction of the oxygen fraction in the air (FiO2=0.141 +/- 0.004) within the facility, while the effects of reduced gravity were simulated by confining the subjects to a horizontal position in bed, with all daily routines performed in this position for 21 days. The present study investigated the effect of the interventions on behavioural temperature regulation. The characteristics of the thermal comfort zone (TCZ) were assessed by a water-perfused suit, with the subjects instructed to regulate the sinusoidally varying temperature of the suit within a range considered as thermally comfortable. Measurements were performed 5 days prior to the intervention (D-5), and on days 10 (D10) and 20 (D20) of the intervention. no statistically significant differences were found in any of the characteristics of the TCZ between the interventions (HAMB, HBR and NBR), or between different measurement days (D-5, D10, D20) within each intervention. rectal temperature remained stable, whereas skin temperature (T-sk) increased during all interventions throughout the one hour trial, no difference in T-sk between 0-5, D10 and D20, and between HAMB, HBR and NBR were revealed, subjects perceived the regulated temperature as thermally comfortable, and neutral or warm, we conclude that regulation of thermal comfort is not compromised by hypoxic inactivity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Ciuha, Urša, et al.
(författare)
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Heat acclimation enhances the cold-induced vasodilation response.
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Nature. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 121:11, s. 3005-3015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: It has been reported that the cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) response can be trained using either regular local cold stimulation or exercise training. The present study investigated whether repeated exposure to environmental stressors, known to improve aerobic performance (heat and/or hypoxia), could also provide benefit to the CIVD response.METHODS: Forty male participants undertook three 10-day acclimation protocols including daily exercise training: heat acclimation (HeA; daily exercise training at an ambient temperature, Ta = 35 °C), combined heat and hypoxic acclimation (HeA/HypA; daily exercise training at Ta = 35 °C, while confined to a simulated altitude of ~ 4000 m) and exercise training in normoxic thermoneutral conditions (NorEx; no environmental stressors). To observe potential effects of the local acclimation on the CIVD response, participants additionally immersed their hand in warm water (35 °C) daily during the HeA/HypA and NorEx. Before and after the acclimation protocols, participants completed hand immersions in cold water (8 °C) for 30 min, followed by 15-min recovery phases. The temperature was measured in each finger.RESULTS: Following the HeA protocol, the average temperature of all five fingers was higher during immersion (from 13.9 ± 2.4 to 15.5 ± 2.5 °C; p = 0.04) and recovery (from 22.2 ± 4.0 to 25.9 ± 4.9 °C; p = 0.02). The HeA/HypA and NorEx protocols did not enhance the CIVD response.CONCLUSION: Whole-body heat acclimation increased the finger vasodilatory response during cold-water immersion, and enhanced the rewarming rate of the hand, thus potentially contributing to improved local cold tolerance. Daily hand immersion in warm water for 10 days during HeA/Hyp and NorEx, did not contribute to any changes in the CIVD response.
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| 3. |
- Grönkvist, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Heat Strain with Two Different Ventilation Vests During a Simulated 3-Hour Helicopter Desert Mission
- 2021
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Ingår i: Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance. - : Aerospace Medical Association. - 2375-6314 .- 2375-6322. ; 92:4, s. 248-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The study investigated the heat strain of personnel operating in the rear cabin of a helicopter during desert-climate missions, and to what extent the strain can be mitigated by use of battery-driven ventilation vests.METHODS: Eight men undertook 3-h simulated flight missions in desert conditions (45 degrees C, 10% humidity, solar radiation). Each subject participated in three conditions wearing helicopter flight equipment, including body armor, and either: a ventilation vest with a 3-dimensional mesh (Vent-1), a ventilation vest with a foam sheet incorporating channels to direct the air flow (Vent-2), or a T-shirt (NoVent); each mission comprised a 10-min walk, followed by sitting for 30 min, kneeling on a vibration platform for 2 h, and finally 30 min of sitting. Core temperature, heart rate, skin temperatures and heat flux, oxygen uptake, sweating rate, and subjective ratings were recorded. Evaporative capacity and thermal resistance of the garments were determined using a thermal manikin.RESULTS: All subjects completed the NoVent and Vent-1 conditions, whereas in the Vent-2 condition, one subject finished prematurely due to heat exhaustion. The increase in core temperature was significantly (P <= 0.01) greater in Novent (0.93 degrees C) and Vent-2 (0.88 degrees C) than in Vent-1 (0.61 degrees C). Evaporative capacity was significantly higher for Vent-1 (7.8 g . min(-1)) than for NoVent (4.1 g . min(-1)) and Vent-2 (4.4 g . min(-1)).DISCUSSION: Helicopter personnel may be at risk of heat exhaustion during desert missions. The risk can be reduced by use of a ventilation vest. However, the cooling efficacy of ventilation vests differs substantially depending on their design and ventilation concept.
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| 4. |
- Mekjavic, Igor B., et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Low Ambient Relative Humidity on Physical Performance and Perceptual Responses during Load Carriage
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 8:July
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The study evaluated the effect of low ambient relative humidity on physical performance and perceptual responses during load carriage in a hot environment. Methods: Ten heat-unacclimatized male subjects participated in three 130-min trials, during which they walked on a treadmill, carrying a load of similar to 35 kg, at a speed of 3.2 km.h(-1), with an incident wind at the same velocity and ambient temperature at 45 degrees C. Each trial commenced with a 10-min baseline at 20 degrees C and 50% relative humidity (RH), the subjects transferred to a climatic chamber and commenced their simulated hike, comprising two 50-min walks separated by a 20-min rest period. In two, full protective equipment (FP) trials, RH was 10% (partial pressure of water vapor, p(H20) = 7.2 mmHg) in one (FP10), and 20% (p(H20) = 14.4 mmHg; FP20) in the other. In the control trial, subjects were semi-nude (SN) and carried the equipment in their backpacks; RH was 20%. Measurements included oxygen uptake, ventilation, heart rate, rectal and skin temperatures, heat flux, temperature perception, and thermal comfort. Results: In FP20, four subjects terminated the trial prematurely due to signs of heat exhaustion; there were no such signs in FP10 or SN. Upon completion of the trials, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, and rectal temperature were lower in FP10 (33 5 I/min; 128 +/- 21 bpm; 38.2 +/- 0.4 degrees C) and SN (34 4 I/min; 113 +/- 18 bpm; 38.1 +/- 0.4 degrees C than in FP20 (39 +/- 8 l/min; 145 +/- 12 bpm; 38.6 +/- 0.42 degrees C). Evaporation was significantly greater in the SN compared to FPI and FP20 trials. FP10 was rated thermally more comfortable than FP20. Conclusion: A lower ambient partial pressure of water vapor, reflected in a lower ambient relative humidity, improved cardiorespiratory, thermoregulatory, and perceptual responses during load carriage.
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| 5. |
- Sotiridis, Alexandros, et al.
(författare)
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Exercise cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory responses in normoxic, hypoxic and hot environment following 10-day continuous hypoxic exposure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 125:4, s. 1284-1295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the effects of acclimatization to normobaric hypoxia on aerobic performance and exercise thermoregulatory responses under normoxic, hypoxic and hot conditions. Twelve males performed tests of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) in normoxic (NOR), hypoxic (13.5% FiO2; HYP) and hot (35℃, 50% RH; HE) conditions in a randomized manner before and after a 10-day continuous normobaric hypoxic exposure (FiO2 = 13.65(0.35)%, PiO2 = 87(3) mmHg). The acclimatization protocol included daily exercise (60min @ 50% hypoxia-specific peak power output, Wpeak). All maximal tests were preceded by a steady-state exercise (30 min at 40% Wpeak) to assess the sweating response. Hematological data were assessed from venous blood samples obtained before and after acclimatization. V̇O2max increased by 10.7% (P = 0.002) and 7.9% (P = 0.03) from pre- to post-acclimatization in NOR and HE, respectively, whereas no differences were found in HYP (pre: 39.9(3.8) vs post: 39.4(5.1) mL.kg-1.min-1, P = 1.0). However, the increase in V̇O2max did not translate into increased Wpeak in either NOR or HE. Maximal heart rate and ventilation remained unchanged following acclimatization. Νo differences were noted in the sweating gain and thresholds independent of the acclimatization or environmental conditions. Hypoxic acclimatization markedly increased hemoglobin (P < 0.001), hematocrit (P < 0.001) and extracellular HSP72 (P = 0.01). These data suggest that 10 days of normobaric hypoxic acclimatization combined with moderate-intensity exercise training improves V̇O2max in NOR and HE, but does not seem to affect exercise performance or thermoregulatory responses in any of the tested environmental conditions.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Sotiridis, Alexandros, et al.
(författare)
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Heat acclimation does not affect maximal aerobic power in thermoneutral normoxic or hypoxic conditions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Experimental Physiology. - 0958-0670 .- 1469-445X. ; 104, s. 1250-1261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What is the central question of this study? Controlled-hyperthermia heat acclimation protocols induce an array of thermoregulatory and cardiovascular adaptations that facilitate exercise in hot conditions. We investigated whether this ergogenic potential can be transferred to thermoneutral normoxic or hypoxic exercising conditions. What is the main finding and its importance? We show that heat acclimation did not affect maximal cardiac output or maximal aerobic power in thermoneutral normoxic/hypoxic conditions. Heat acclimation augmented the sweating response in thermoneutral normoxic conditions. The cross-adaptation theory according to which heat acclimation could facilitate hypoxic exercise capacity is not supported by our data. ABSTRACT: Heat acclimation (HA) mitigates heat-induced decrements in maximal aerobic power (V̇O2peak ) and augments exercise thermoregulatory responses in the heat. Whether this beneficial effect of HA is observed in hypoxic or thermoneutral conditions remains unresolved. We explored the effects of HA on exercise cardiorespiratory and thermoregulatory responses in normoxic, hypoxic, and hot conditions. Twelve males (V̇O2peak 54.7(5.7) mL·kg-1 ·min-1 ) participated in a HA protocol comprising 10 daily 90-min controlled-hyperthermia (target rectal temperature, Tre = 38.5 °C) exercise sessions. Before and after HA, we determined V̇O2peak in thermoneutral normoxic (NOR), thermoneutral hypoxic (13.5% Fi O2 ; HYP) and hot (35 °C, 50% RH; HE) conditions in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Preceding each maximal cycling test, a 30-min steady-state exercise at 40% of the NOR peak power output (Wpeak ) was employed to evaluate thermoregulatory responses. HA induced the expected adaptations in HE: reduced Tre and submaximal heart rate (HR), enhanced sweating response and expanded plasma volume. However, HA did not affect V̇O2peak or maximal cardiac output (COmax ) (P = 0.61). Wpeak was increased post-HA in NOR (P < 0.001) and HE (P < 0.001) by 41 ± 21 and 26 ± 22 W, respectively but not in HYP (P = 0.14). Gross mechanical efficiency was higher (P = 0.004) whereas resting Tre and sweating thresholds were lower (P < 0.01) post-HA across environments. Nevertheless, the gain of the sweating response decreased (P = 0.05) in HYP. In conclusion, our data do not support a beneficial cross-over effect of HA on V̇O2peak in normoxic or hypoxic conditions. This article is protected by copyright.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Verdel, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability and Validity of the CORE Sensor to Assess Core Body Temperature during Cycling Exercise
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 21:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring core body temperature (Tc) during training and competitions, especially in a hot environment, can help enhance an athlete’s performance, as well as lower the risk for heat stroke. Accordingly, a noninvasive sensor that allows reliable monitoring of Tc would be highly beneficial in this context. One such novel non-invasive sensor was recently introduced onto the market (CORE, greenTEG, Rümlang, Switzerland), but, to our knowledge, a validation study of this device has not yet been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the CORE sensor. In Study I, 12 males were subjected to a low-to-moderate heat load by performing, on two separate occasions several days apart, two identical 60-min bouts of steady-state cycling in the laboratory at 19 °C and 30% relative humidity. In Study II, 13 males were subjected to moderate-to-high heat load by performing 90 min of cycling in the laboratory at 31 °C and 39% relative humidity. In both cases the core body temperatures indicated by the CORE sensor were compared to the corresponding values obtained using a rectal sensor (Trec). The first major finding was that the reliability of the CORE sensor is acceptable, since the mean bias between the two identical trials of exercise (0.02 °C) was not statistically significant. However, under both levels of heat load, the body temperature indicated by the CORE sensor did not agree well with Trec, with approximately 50% of all paired measurements differing by more than the predefined threshold for validity of ≤0.3 °C. In conclusion, the results obtained do not support the manufacturer’s claim that the CORE sensor provides a valid measure of core body temperature.
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