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- Dahlström, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive training and effects on speech-in noise performance in normal hearing and hearing impaired individuals
- 2015
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Ingår i: CHSCOM2015. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. ; , s. 127-127
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cognitive training might have potential to improve speech understanding under adverse listening conditions. Here, we have examined the effects of a 5-week computer-based cognitive training program on speech-in-noise-performance, in normal hearing (NH) participants and in participants with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss (HI).Two groups, matched on gender and age (45-65 years), of 20 participants each (HI and NH respectively) are recruited. Participants perform four test-sessions; inclusion (t0), five weeks (t1), ten weeks (t2) and six months (t3). Training is performed either between t0 and t1, or between t1 and t2 (using a cross-over design), using the computer-based Cogmed training program, approximately 30-40 minutes per day, five days per week, during five weeks. At each session participants are tested in three different ways: (a) cognitive testing (KIPS, SICSPAN, TRT); (b) auditory performance (pure tone-audiometry (air- and bone-conduction) and speech audiometry (HINT, Swedish SPIN-test (SNR +4dB))); (c) cortical activation (MR sessions where participants performed a speech-in-noise task using Hagerman-sentences with steady-state speech-spectrum noise (SSN) and with two competing talkers). MR imaging is performed on a Philips Achieva 1.5 Tesla scanner using a sparse imaging technique in which stimuli are presented during the silent period between successive scans. Participants listen to auditory stimuli under eight different conditions: clear speech, SSN or two competing talkers (each at 90%, 50% and 0% intelligibility), and silent rest. Pre- and post-training, hearing disability is assessed by the Speech-Spatial-Qualities-Questionnaire.The study is on-going and behavioral results as well as results from fMRI will be presented.
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- Danhäll, D, et al.
(författare)
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Naturligt grupperat arbete vid Volvo Lastvagnar – Delrapport 1
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumer report for the company in question (the Volvo Truck Company) which is financed by the company and partly also by a research foundation. It is a matter of a work that in this particular case were carried out during nine years in a number of experimental workshops located outside the Chalmers University of Technology. These workshops were financed by the Volvo Automobile and Truck companies. This achievement, as the final contribution to the Swedish automotive industry after having already treated this research field/problem area for more than two decades before this particular period if time (involving several junior and senior research competencies, as well as industrial and governmental foundings). Specifically, this publication explains how the authors dealt with the product architecture and product variation of the automotive products disassembled, which proved to necessary to be carried out in one of the experimental workshops (several complete automobiles and one heavy truck chassis were disassembled combined with having product data accessible in form of paper print-outs as well as by appropriate computer connections to the two Volvo companies etc.). That is, by using a special sort of “design analysis by means of axonometric hand-drawn illustrations” (see a conference contribution from 1992 that also is registered and available as o PDF-document at Chalmers Public Library (CPL) (a self-developed method found out together with a junior research competency from the School of Architecture at Chalmers).
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| 4. |
- Danhäll, D, et al.
(författare)
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Naturligt grupperat arbete vid Volvo Lastvagnar – Delrapport 2
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumer report for the company in question (the Volvo Truck Company) which is financed by the company and partly also by a research foundation. It is a matter of a work that in this particular case were carried out during nine years in a number of experimental workshops located outside the Chalmers University of Technology. These workshops were financed by the Volvo Automobile and Truck companies. This achievement, as the final contribution to the Swedish automotive industry after having already treated this research field/problem area for more than two decades before this particular period if time (involving several junior and senior research competencies, as well as industrial and governmental foundings). Specifically (and as stated for the previous report), this publication explains how the authors dealt with the product architecture and product variation of the automotive products disassembled, which proved to necessary to be carried out in one of the experimental workshops (several complete automobiles and one heavy truck chassis were disassembled combined with having product data accessible in form of paper print-outs as well as by appropriate computer connections to the two Volvo companies etc.). That is, by using a special sort of “design analysis by means of axonometric hand-drawn illustrations” (see a conference contribution from 1992 that also is registered and available as o PDF-document at Chalmers Public Library (CPL) (a self-developed method found out together with a junior research competency from the School of Architecture at Chalmers).
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| 5. |
- Engström, Tomas, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Naturligt grupperat arbete vid Volvo Lastvagnar – Förstudie
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consumer report for the company in question (the Volvo Truck Company) which is financed by the company and partly also by a research foundation. It is a matter of a work that in this particular case were carried out during nine years in a number of experimental workshops located outside the Chalmers University of Technology. These workshops were financed by the Volvo Automobile and Truck companies. This achievement, as the final contribution to the Swedish automotive industry after having already treated this research field/problem area for more than two decades before this particular period if time (involving several junior and senior research competencies, as well as industrial and governmental foundings). More specifically, this publication shows how the initiation of e long cooperation project with the Volvo Truck Company as started. It illustrated how an engine preheater for a heavy truck chassis is assembled on one of the two assembly lines in the Volvo Tuve plant in Gothenburg. It became obvious for others and us that the original logic of this engine preheater was lost as the components required alternately were fitted at different work stations (implying the fact that the logic of the product architecture and product variation of the physical product are totally destroyed) (in fact, the situation was even worse while taking the computer formalized product information on both of the two Volvo companies into consideration.
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- Rudner, M., et al.
(författare)
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Does working memory training improve speech recognition in noise?
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Listening to speech in noise is often reported to be effortful, especially for individuals with hearing impairment, and many studies have shown that the ability to recognize speech in noise is positively associated with working memory capacity. We reasoned that if working memory capacity could be increased by training this might improve the ability to recognize speech in noise and modulate the neural activation associated with it. Adults with normal (NH) and impaired hearing (HI) were randomized to five weeks of CogMed QM training followed by five weeks of no training, or vice versa, according to a crossover design. Auditory and cognitive abilities were tested on four occasions: pre-training, T1; after 5 weeks, T2; after 10 weeks, T3 and after a further six months, T4. During fMRI scanning at T1, T2 and T3, the participants listened to stereotyped matrix type sentences in pink noise and competing talker noise at individually adapted 50% and 90% intelligibility levels as well as in quiet. Behavioural results show that although HI had worse auditory abilities than NH, there was no significant difference in cognitive ability, with the exception of phonological processing, which tended to be slower (cf Classon et al. 2013). Performance on most of cognitive tasks improved across sessions, although this could not be specifically attributed to training. We found no consistent pattern of correlations between working memory and the ability to understand speech in noise either before or after training. fMRI results did not reveal any significant effect of training and furthermore there was no significant effect of hearing status. However, there was a significant between group difference in activation of the left temporal gyrus (-44 -23 10) for the contrast speech in pink noise (across intelligibility levels) vs clear speech. There was also an interaction (p < .001 uncorrected) between group and testing occasion in the right superior frontal gyrus (7 58 16) for the contrast speech in noise (across types and levels) vs clear speech. Further, activation in left superior temporal gyrus (-56 -20 -2) correlated more strongly with intelligibility in NH compared HI participants.These results suggest that even when cognitive abilities are matched and intelligibility is individually adjusted, there are differences relating to hearing impairment in the neural mechanisms supporting speech in noise processing. The pattern of results suggests hearing-related differences in bottom-up processing mechanisms across time and hearing-related differences in top-down mechanisms that change over time. However, we found no evidence that working memory training improves speech recognition in noise.References:Classon, E., Rudner, M. & Rönnberg, J. (2013). Working memory compensates for hearing relatedphonological processing deficit. Journal of Communication Disorders, 46, 17-29.doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2012.10.001CogMed QM, developed by CogMed Cognitive Medical Systems AB, Stockholm, Sweden, 2006
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