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| 2. |
- Claesson, Anna Maria
(författare)
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Kinesernas vänner : en analys av missionens berättelse som ideologi och utopi
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis intends to answer the question: How was the narrative of the mission in China formulated and used to engender and sustain the fervour of the friends of the mission in the 1890s? It was at this time, with growing unemployment, lack of housing, and of poverty – a time when new and challenging ideas emerge – that the interest in the missions to China awoke. The context of the missionary narrative in this thesis is the Swedish town of Jönköping, a place with a strong religious image and therefore often called “Småland’s Jerusalem”. How did a group of young men – members of the YMCA – shape and develop their thoughts in this troublesome time? In the self-contained manner of thought of the missionary movement's collective mind, the fervour and devotion was built upon the members' sense of belonging together, of everybody participating in the missionary work, and in the conviction of its feasibility and ultimate success. But the story sent home by the missionary was more complex and it may appear contradictory and difficult to interpret. With the help of four “figures of thought” – the concept was developed by the sociologist Johan Asplund – I have been able, however, to discover a pattern. Sometimes the narrative expressed the trusting hope of universalism and metamorphosis, sometimes Christian self-assurance and righteousness, sometimes the utopian Apocalypse. Thus the social imagination of the missionary movement – my arguments about the social imagination and its ideological and utopian functions derive from the philosopher Paul Ricoeur – created a communal structure of belonging and participation, and legitimised a sense of confirmation and selection. In this structure dwelled the fervour of the missionary movement. Here, an imperfect world and a complex narrative were held together, and within this structure one's own life became purposeful and valuable. But the social imagination also contains true utopian functions in Riceour's sense. The social imagination's utopian function of exploration, criticism and alternative solutions was for instance used by female missionaries (and, to be true, some male) to tear down the barriers between the sexes, but also by uneducated young men (and young women) to overcome barriers of class and education. Both groups challenged the regular social order, which in the 1890s was already reeling. The figure of thought’s universal view of humanity gave them the right, the possible metamorphosis the ability, and the Christian standard the confirmation of truth. With the help of the utopian promise, zealous workers were created willing to give the missionary cause their body and soul. The apocalyptic figure of thought, and a conviction of belonging to the Chosen, legitimised the leap, for some even made it necessary. Finally, the thesis discusses the importance and consequences of the fervour in one town, Jönköping. For many of pious in Jönköping, the missions were a journey towards a single, common world.
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| 3. |
- Georganaki, Maria
(författare)
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Vascular targeting for enhanced cancer immunotherapy
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Induced angiogenesis and chronic inflammation are major components of tumor immunosuppression. The scope of this thesis is to understand the role of the vasculature in anti-tumor immunity and thereby to improve cancer immunotherapy.The anti-tumor effects of anti-angiogenic therapies range from vessel normalization to directly affecting immune responses. In Paper I, we demonstrate that VEGF, a major pro-angiogenic factor, inhibits TNFα-induced endothelial activation via interfering with the NF-κB pathway and suppressing T-cell chemoattractants. Sunitinib, an anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR2 signaling, enhanced T-cell recruitment and reverted endothelial cell anergy by upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in murine melanomas. Therefore, in Paper II, we study the anti-tumor potential of combining sunitinib treatment with CD40-stimulating immunotherapy. CD40 activation leads to increased anti-tumor T-cell responses. The combination therapy was superior in restricting tumor growth and enhancing survival, associated with decreased immunosuppression and increased endothelial activation leading to improved T-cell recruitment. In Paper III, RNA-sequencing reveals that tumor endothelial cells are capable of acquiring negative feedback mechanisms secondary to CD40 immunotherapy by upregulating immunosuppressive genes such as IDO1. Co-administration of agonistic CD40 antibody treatment with an IDO1 inhibitor delayed tumor growth, associated with increased intratumoral T-cell activation.In Paper IV, we investigate ELTD1, an orphan adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, which is upregulated in high-grade glioma vessels. ELTD1 deficiency did not affect developmental angiogenesis in mice but increased tumor growth. Interestingly, ELTD1 loss improved glioma vessel perfusion and reduced permeability and hypoxia. Thus, ELTD1 targeting may normalize tumor vessels, potentially enhancing drug delivery.In Paper V, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of specific cytokines in murine gliomas induces tertiary lymphoid organ- (TLO-) TLO-like structures in the brain. TLOs, mainly composed of T- and B-cell clusters and high endothelial venules, are onsite preservers of robust immune responses. In line with this, increased survival of mice with gliomas overexpressing either LT-αβ or LIGHT was associated with alleviated tumor immunosuppresion. This suggests that TLO-inducing agents may improve cancer immunotherapy for glioma treatment.Collectively, this thesis demonstrates that the tumor vasculature is crucial for anti-tumor immune responses and that vascular targeting can enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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| 4. |
- James, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of aspirin on release of eoxin C4, leukotriene C4 and 15-HETE, in eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from patients with asthma
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 162:2, s. 135-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The effect of aspirin on the release of key arachidonic acid metabolites in activated eosinophils from subjects with aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) has not been investigated previously, despite the characteristic eosinophilia in AIA. Methods: Peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated from four groups of subjects: healthy volunteers (HV; n = 8), mild asthma (MA; n = 8), severe asthma (SA; n = 9) and AIA (n = 7). In the absence or presence of lysine-aspirin, eosinophils were stimulated with arachidonic acid or calcium ionophore to trigger the 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathways, respectively. 15(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and eoxin C4 (EXC4) were measured as 15-LO products and leukotriene (LT)C4 as a product of the 5-LO pathway. Results: Activated eosinophils from patients with SA and AIA produced approximately five times more 15-HETE than eosinophils from HV or MA patients. In the presence of lysine-aspirin, eosinophils from AIA, MA and SA patients generated higher levels of 15-HETE than in the absence of lysine-aspirin. Furthermore, in the presence of lysine-aspirin, formation of EXC4 was also significantly increased in eosinophils from AIA patients, and LTC4 synthesis was increased both in AIA and SA patients. Conclusions: Taken together, this study shows an increased release of the recently discovered lipid mediator EXC4, as well as the main indicator of 15-LO activity, 15-HETE, in activated eosinophils from severe and aspirin-intolerant asthmatics, and also elevated EXC4 and LTC4 formation in eosinophils from AIA patients after cellular activation in the presence of lysine-aspirin. The findings support a pathophysiological role of the 15-LO pathway in SA and AIA.
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| 5. |
- Janssen, Mathias, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Design and early development of a MOOC on ”Sustainability in everyday life”: Role of the teachers
- 2015
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Ingår i: EESD15 - The 7th Conference on Engineering Education for Sustainable Development.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Universities all over the world have developed Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) to attract students and explore new ways of learning. The MOOC “Sustainability in Everyday Life” (SiEL) is currently in its design and early development stage at Chalmers University of Technology. It aims at developing the MOOC participant’s capacity to appreciate the complexity of sustainable everyday life by developing skills such as systems thinking and critical reflection on the information flow in public media. This paper aims at sharing first experiences regarding the design and early development of the SiEL MOOC and identifying the role(s) of the teachers and its features during the course design and early development based on these first experiences. An action research approach was used to reach these aims, and the teachers’ narratives about these first experiences were used as data source. Three distinct processes (pedagogical, production and interaction) and six roles (owners, teachers, learners, designers, developers and negotiators) were identified. The teachers’ roles and the processes and activities taking place during the design and early development are closely linked to each other and need to be carefully considered in order to guarantee a successful MOOC design and development process.
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| 6. |
- Janssen, Mathias, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Early Development of a MOOC on “Sustainability in Everyday Life”: Role of the Teachers
- 2016
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Ingår i: World Sustainability Series. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2199-7373 .- 2199-7381. ; , s. 113-123
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Universities all over the world have developed Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) to attract students and explore new ways of learning. The MOOC “Sustainability in Everyday Life” (SiEL) is currently in its design and early development stage at Chalmers University of Technology. It aims at developing the MOOC participant’s capacity to appreciate the complexity of sustainable everyday life by developing skills such as systems thinking and critical reflection on the information flow in public media. This paper aims at sharing first experiences regarding the design and early development of the SiEL MOOC and identifying the role(s) of the teachers and its features during the course design and early development based on these first experiences. An action research approach was used to reach these aims, and the teachers’ narratives about these first experiences were used as data source. Three distinct processes (pedagogical, production and interaction) and six roles (owners, teachers, learners, designers, developers and negotiators) were identified. The teachers’ roles and the processes and activities taking place during the design and early development are closely linked to each other and need to be carefully considered in order to guarantee a successful MOOC design and development process.
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| 7. |
- Jin, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes controls endothelial junctional plasticity and barrier integrity by regulating VE-cadherin phosphorylation and endocytosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Cardiovascular Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2731-0590. ; 1:12, s. 1156-1173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in endothelial adherens junctions is an essential component of the vascular barrier, critical for tissue homeostasis and implicated in diseases such as cancer and retinopathies. Inhibitors of Src cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase have been applied to suppress VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation and prevent excessive leakage, edema and high interstitial pressure. Here we show that the Src-related Yes tyrosine kinase, rather than Src, is localized at endothelial cell (EC) junctions where it becomes activated in a flow-dependent manner. EC-specific Yes1 deletion suppresses VE-cadherin phosphorylation and arrests VE-cadherin at EC junctions. This is accompanied by loss of EC collective migration and exaggerated agonist-induced macromolecular leakage. Overexpression of Yes1 causes ectopic VE-cadherin phosphorylation, while vascular leakage is unaffected. In contrast, in EC-specific Src deficiency, VE-cadherin internalization is maintained and leakage is suppressed. In conclusion, Yes-mediated phosphorylation regulates constitutive VE-cadherin turnover, thereby maintaining endothelial junction plasticity and vascular integrity.
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| 8. |
- Lind, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Jakt på papperslösa gör oss till en polisstat
- 2016
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - : Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2016-10-04
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Regeringen föreslår nio åtgärder för att hitta och utvisa papperslösa. Det kommer att slå hårt och främst gå ut över redan svaga och jagade människor. Vi uppmanar därför regeringen att ta tillbaka åtgärderna, skriver 43 forskare.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Sultanian, Pedram, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac arrest in COVID-19 : characteristics and outcomes of in- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A report from the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:11, s. 1094-1106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To study the characteristics and outcome among cardiac arrest cases with COVID-19 and differences between the pre-pandemic and the pandemic period in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).METHOD AND RESULTS: We included all patients reported to the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation from 1 January to 20 July 2020. We defined 16 March 2020 as the start of the pandemic. We assessed overall and 30-day mortality using Cox regression and logistic regression, respectively. We studied 1946 cases of OHCA and 1080 cases of IHCA during the entire period. During the pandemic, 88 (10.0%) of OHCAs and 72 (16.1%) of IHCAs had ongoing COVID-19. With regards to OHCA during the pandemic, the odds ratio for 30-day mortality in COVID-19-positive cases, compared with COVID-19-negative cases, was 3.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31-11.64]; the corresponding hazard ratio was 1.45 (95% CI 1.13-1.85). Adjusted 30-day survival was 4.7% for patients with COVID-19, 9.8% for patients without COVID-19, and 7.6% in the pre-pandemic period. With regards to IHCA during the pandemic, the odds ratio for COVID-19-positive cases, compared with COVID-19-negative cases, was 2.27 (95% CI 1.27-4.24); the corresponding hazard ratio was 1.48 (95% CI 1.09-2.01). Adjusted 30-day survival was 23.1% in COVID-19-positive cases, 39.5% in patients without COVID-19, and 36.4% in the pre-pandemic period.CONCLUSION: During the pandemic phase, COVID-19 was involved in at least 10% of all OHCAs and 16% of IHCAs, and, among COVID-19 cases, 30-day mortality was increased 3.4-fold in OHCA and 2.3-fold in IHCA.
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| 11. |
- Svanström, Magdalena, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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To improve the ability to reflect on your own research in relation to sustainable development - experiences from a course for PhD students at Chalmers University of Technology
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Engineering Education in Sustainable Development, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most important student learning outcomes of education for sustainable development (ESD) is for the student to understand, or be able to find out, the most important sustainability considerations in relation to his or her own specific situation. In the spring of 2009, a short course for PhD students on the Challenges and Opportunities of Technology in Sustainable Development was offered for the first time at Chalmers University of Technology. The course is offered to all PhD students, as a semi-compulsory part of an ethics course requirement. The course centres around a writing assignment in which the student is asked to reflect on his or her own research in relation to SD. As support and input, the students participate in nine different lectures with seminar discussions, all giving different perspectives on technology and SD, interview three different persons, participate in a peer-review student seminar, and have an individual discussion with a faculty member. Assessment is performed by hand-in of the essay, compulsory presence at 80% of the lectures, and reviewing of texts of other students.This paper explains the idea behind the course and shares experiences from giving the course twice in 2009. Learning was evaluated using concept maps, before and after the course. Furthermore, the final essay texts were analysed and results compared to results from concept maps. The course seems to have resulted in an overall improvement in the students' attitudes towards sustainable development (SD); particularly they show less focus on environmental aspects. However, the course has a greater impact on students with already existing SD awareness, here attributed to the opportunity to build on already existing knowledge. The development among students novel to SD was not necessarily captured in the concept maps but in some cases apparent in the final essay, which might be considered as evidence of transformative learning.
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