| 1. |
- Öhlander, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Delineation and character of the Archaean-Proterozoic boundary in northern Sweden
- 1993
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Ingår i: Precambrian Research. - 0301-9268 .- 1872-7433. ; 64:1-4, s. 67-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Before the deposition of a Proterozoic cover and the repeated Proterozoic reworking of the older rocks, the presently exposed Archaean areas in northern Sweden formed part of a coherent craton. In the present study, we have used Sm---Nd isotopic analyses of Proterozoic granitoids and metavolcanics to delineate the Archaean palaeoboundary. In a regional context, the transition from strongly negative εNd(t) values in the northeast to positive values in the southwest is distinct, and approximately defines the border of the old craton. The Archaean palaeoboundary extends in a WNW direction, and is subparallel to the longitudinal axis of the Skellefte sulphide ore district but it is situated ≈ 100 km farther to the north. The ≈ 1.9 Ga old granitoids on the two sides of the palaeoboundary were all formed in compressional environments, but those situated to the north have higher contents of LILE and LREE at similar contents of Si. This indicates that they were generated in an area with thicker crust and supports the location of the Archaean-Proterozoic palaeoboundary. There is no simple correlation between the Archaean palaeoboundary, as defined by the isotopic results, and any of the major fracture systems as interpreted from regional geophysical measurements. Reflection seismic work indicates that juvenile volcanic-arc terrains to the south have been thrust onto the Archaean craton. Possible thrust faults have been identified from aeromagnetic measurements. Rifting of the Archaean craton created a passive margin ≈ 2.0 Ga ago. Spreading shifted to convergence with subduction beneath the Archaean continent ≈ 1.9 Ga ago. Subsequently, the resulting juvenile volcanic arc collided with the old continent, and the Archaean palaeoboundary as existing today was formed by a collision characterized by overthrusting. The boundary then was disturbed by later deformation predominantly along NNE-trending fracture systems.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Edlund, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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The room temperature crystal structure of a bacterial phytochrome determined by serial femtosecond crystallography
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptors that control light responses of plants, fungi and bacteria. A sequence of structural changes, which is not yet fully understood, leads to activation of an output domain. Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) can potentially shine light on these conformational changes. Here we report the room temperature crystal structure of the chromophore-binding domains of the Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome at 2.1 angstrom resolution. The structure was obtained by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography from microcrystals at an X-ray free electron laser. We find overall good agreement compared to a crystal structure at 1.35 angstrom resolution derived from conventional crystallography at cryogenic temperatures, which we also report here. The thioether linkage between chromophore and protein is subject to positional ambiguity at the synchrotron, but is fully resolved with SFX. The study paves the way for time-resolved structural investigations of the phytochrome photocycle with time-resolved SFX.
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| 4. |
- Ringh, M, et al.
(författare)
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The challenges and possibilities of public access defibrillation.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 283:3, s. 238-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major health problem that affects approximately four hundred and thousand patients annually in the United States alone. It is a major challenge for the emergency medical system as decreased survival rates are directly proportional to the time delay from collapse to defibrillation. Historically, defibrillation has only been performed by physicians and in-hospital. With the development of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), rapid defibrillation by nonmedical professionals and subsequently by trained or untrained lay bystanders has become possible. Much hope has been put to the concept of Public Access Defibrillation with a massive dissemination of public available AEDs throughout most Western countries. Accordingly, current guidelines recommend that AEDs should be deployed in places with a high likelihood of OHCA. Despite these efforts, AED use is in most settings anecdotal with little effect on overall OHCA survival. The major reasons for low use of public AEDs are that most OHCAs take place outside high incidence sites of cardiac arrest and that most OHCAs take place in residential settings, currently defined as not suitable for Public Access Defibrillation. However, the use of new technology for identification and recruitment of lay bystanders and nearby AEDs to the scene of the cardiac arrest as well as new methods for strategic AED placement redefines and challenges the current concept and definitions of Public Access Defibrillation. Existing evidence of Public Access Defibrillation and knowledge gaps and future directions to improve outcomes for OHCA are discussed. In addition, a new definition of the different levels of Public Access Defibrillation is offered as well as new strategies for increasing AED use in the society.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Carrillo, M., et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution crystal structures of transient intermediates in the phytochrome photocycle
- 2021
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Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-2126. ; 29:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochromes are red/far-red light photoreceptors in bacteria to plants, which elicit a variety of important physiological responses. They display a reversible photocycle between the resting Pr state and the light-activated Pfr state. Light signals are transduced as structural change through the entire protein to modulate its activity. It is unknown how the Pr-to-Pfr interconversion occurs, as the structure of intermediates remains notoriously elusive. Here, we present short-lived crystal structures of the photosensory core modules of the bacteriophytochrome from myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca captured by an X-ray free electron laser 5 ns and 33 ms after light illumination of the Pr state. We observe large structural displacements of the covalently bound bilin chromophore, which trigger a bifurcated signaling pathway that extends through the entire protein. The snapshots show with atomic precision how the signal progresses from the chromophore, explaining how plants, bacteria, and fungi sense red light.
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| 8. |
- Claesson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Scandinavian clinical practice guideline on fluid and drug therapy in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 60:6, s. 697-709
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The objective of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI) task force on fluid and drug therapy in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was to provide clinically relevant, evidence-based treatment recommendations according to standards for trustworthy guidelines. Methods: The guideline was developed according to standards for trustworthy guidelines, including a systematic review of the literature and use of the GRADE methodology for assessment of the quality of evidence and for moving from evidence to recommendations. Results: A total of seven ARDS interventions were assessed. We suggest fluid restriction in patients with ARDS (weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence). Also, we suggest early use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in patients with severe ARDS (weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence). We recommend against the routine use of other drugs, including corticosteroids, beta2 agonists, statins, and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) or prostanoids in adults with ARDS (strong recommendations: low-to high-quality evidence). These recommendations do not preclude the use of any drug or combination of drugs targeting underlying or co-existing disorders. Conclusion: This guideline emphasizes the paucity of evidence of benefit - and potential for harm - of common interventions in adults with ARDS and highlights the need for prudence when considering use of non-licensed interventions in this patient population.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Claesson, PM, et al.
(författare)
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Protein interactions at solid surfaces
- 1995
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Ingår i: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. - 0001-8686 .- 1873-3727. ; 57, s. 161-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this review article we discuss a large number of the studies of interactions between protein-coated surfaces that has been presented in the literature. We also demonstrate how to relate surface force data to results from other techniques in order to provide a more full picture of protein behaviour at interfaces. One aim of the article is to discuss the experimental procedure and the difficulties with surface force measurements in protein systems. It is particularly important to point out how the sensitivity of this technique differs from that of other techniques, e.g. in determining structural changes in adsorbed proteins and in detecting proteins adsorbed on top of an inner firmly bound layer. It is also important to realize which surface force data that cannot be easily compared with findings from other techniques (one example is the kinetics of adsorption and desorption). We have tried to group proteins into different classes depending on their size and structure, and to try to find results that are common within these classes. It was found that some observations for unordered proteins with amphiphilic character, and for the small compact proteins, appear consistently within the respective class. Hence, for these types of protein common features/principles of the interfacial behaviour are identified. The very large and flexible glycoproteins behave in a similar way to synthetic polymers, but we found it hard to draw any firm conclusions based on the surface force studies presented so far. Perhaps, the most complicated surface behaviour is observed for soft globular proteins that undergo large scale conformational changes upon adsorption and when the layers are held under a high compressive force.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Heller, T., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid acyl glucuronide are not associated with diarrhea in renal transplant recipients
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 7:7, s. 1822-1831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of the acyl (AcMPAG) and phenolic (MPAG) glucuronide metabolites of mycophenolic acid (MPA) were related to diarrhoea in renal transplant patients on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (TCL). Blood samples (0, 30, 120 min) were taken at days 3, 10, week 4, months 3, 6 and 12 for determination of MPA, MPAG and AcMPAG. MPA-AUC was estimated using validated algorithms. Two hour AUCs were calculated for MPAG and AcMPAG. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of CsA/MMF (n= 110) and of TCL/MMF (n= 180). In 70/290 (24%) patients 86 episodes of diarrhoea were recorded during 12 months. Significantly more patients on TCL (31.1%) suffered from diarrhea compared to CsA (12.7%). MMF dose, MPA-AUC and the 2 h AUCs of MPAG and AcMPAG did not differ between patients with and without diarrhoea. Plasma AcMPAG and MPAG concentrations were substantially higher in patients on CsA compared with TCL, while MPA-AUC was lower in the former group. These data support the concept that CsA inhibits the biliary excretion of MPAG and AcMPAG, thereby potentially reducing the risk of intestinal injury through enterohepatic recycling of MPA and its metabolites.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Woitowich, N. C., et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis for light control of cell development revealed by crystal structures of a myxobacterial phytochrome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Iucrj. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 2052-2525. ; 5:Part 5, s. 619-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochromes are red-light photoreceptors that were first characterized in plants, with homologs in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria known as bacteriophytochromes (BphPs). Upon absorption of light, BphPs interconvert between two states denoted Pr and Pfr with distinct absorption spectra in the red and far-red. They have recently been engineered as enzymatic photoswitches for fluorescent-marker applications in non-invasive tissue imaging of mammals. This article presents cryo- and room-temperature crystal structures of the unusual phytochrome from the non-photosynthetic myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca (SaBphP1) and reveals its role in the fruitingbody formation of this photomorphogenic bacterium. SaBphP1 lacks a conserved histidine (His) in the chromophore-binding domain that stabilizes the Pr state in the classical BphPs. Instead it contains a threonine (Thr), a feature that is restricted to several myxobacterial phytochromes and is not evolutionarily understood. SaBphP1 structures of the chromophore binding domain (CBD) and the complete photosensory core module (PCM) in wild-type and Thr-to-His mutant forms reveal details of the molecular mechanism of the Pr/Pfr transition associated with the physiological response of this myxobacterium to red light. Specifically, key structural differences in the CBD and PCM between the wild-type and the Thr-to-His mutant involve essential chromophore contacts with proximal amino acids, and point to how the photosignal is transduced through the rest of the protein, impacting the essential enzymatic activity in the photomorphogenic response of this myxobacterium.
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| 16. |
- Abraham, T., et al.
(författare)
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Polyelectrolyte-mediated interaction between similarly charged surfaces : Role of divalent counter ions in tuning surface forces
- 2001
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 17:26, s. 8321-8327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of divalent salts (CaCl2, MgCl2 and BaCl2) in promoting the adsorption of weakly charged polyelectrolyte (polyacrylic acid), PAA, Mw similar to 250000 g/mol) on mica surfaces and their role in tuning the nature of interactions between such adsorbed polyelectrolyte layers were studied using the interferometric surface forces apparatus. With mica surfaces in 3 mM MgCl2 solutions at pH similar to8.0-9.0, the addition of 10 ppm PAA resulted in a long-range attractive bridging force and a short-range repulsive steric force. This force profile indicates a low surface coverage and weak adsorption. The range of the force can be related to the characteristic length scale R-G of polyelectrolyte chains using a scaling description. An increase of the PAA concentration to 50 ppm changed the attractive force profile to a monotonic, long-range repulsive interaction extending up to 600 Angstrom due to the increased surface coverage of polyelectrolyte chains on the mica surfaces. Comparison of the measured forces with a scaling mean field model suggests that the adsorbed polyelectrolyte chains are stretched, which eventually give rise to the polyelectrolyte brush like structure. When the mica surfaces were preincubated in 3 mM CaCl2 at pH similar to8.0-9.0, in contrast to the case of 3 MM MgCl2, the addition of 10 ppm PAA resulted in a more complex force profile: long-range repulsive forces extending up to 800 Angstrom followed by an attractive force regime and a second repulsive force regime at shorter separations. The long-range electrosteric forces can be attributed to strong adsorption of polyelectrolyte chains on mica surfaces (high surface coverage) which is facilitated by the presence of Ca2+ ions, while the intermediate range attractive forces can be ascribed to Ca2+ assisted bridging between adsorbed polyelectrolyte chains. Also interesting is to note various relaxation processes present in this system. In contrast to both MgCl2 and CaCl2 systems, with mica surfaces in 3 mM BaCl2 solution at pH similar to8.0-9.0, the addition of 10 ppm PAA resulted in precipitation of polyelectrolyte chains on mica surfaces, resulting in an extremely long-range monotonic repulsive force profile. In summary, our study showed that divalent counterions (Mg2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+) exhibit significantly different behavior in promoting PAA adsorption on mica surfaces, modifying and controlling various surface interactions.
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| 17. |
- af Geijerstam, Peder, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Potential organ donors after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest during a ten-year period in Stockholm, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 137, s. 215-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Donation after brain death (DBD) is current praxis in Sweden. Circulatory death is far more common. Donation from patients suffering Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) may have the potential to increase the organ-donor pool. The aim of this study was to describe the potential donor pool and its characteristics if uncontrolled donation after circulatory death (uDCD) were to be implemented in the metropolitan area of Stockholm, Sweden.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made using data from the Swedish Register for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SRCR) between 2006 and 2015. Evaluation of potential organ donors was made using selection criteria from five previously published protocols concerning uDCD.Results:When applying different criteria from each of the five studied protocols in a total of 9,793 cases of OHCA, between 7.5% (n = 732) and 1.5% (n = 150) of the patients were found to be potential candidates for uDCD. The median age of the sampled uDCD candidates in each protocol was between 48 and 57 years. Male donors were found in 67–76% of all cases.Conclusion:Although not taking important real-life limitations into account, our results indicate that implementation of a uDCD programme may substantially increase the number of potential organ donors in Stockholm.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Bastardo, LA, et al.
(författare)
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Deuterium isotope effects on the interaction between hyperbranched polyethylene imine and an anionic surfactant
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 109, s. 16196-16202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solvent isotope effects on the interaction between the hyperbranched cationic polyelectrolyte, polyethylene imine (PEI), and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated using potentiometric titration and eletrophoretic mobility measurements. In the basic pH range a significantly higher fraction of the amine groups was found to be protonated when the PEI was dissolved in D2O compared to H2O at the same pH/pD. The difference in polymer charge in the two solvents gradually decreases with decreasing pH and it completely diminishes at around pH=4. Electrophoretic mobility measurements of PEI/SDS complexes at different pH values correlated very well with these observations. At pH/pD≈9 a much higher mobility of the PEI/SDS complexes was found at low surfactant concentrations in D2O than in H2O, and the charge neutralization point shifted to a considerably larger surfactant concentration in heavy water. These results can be explained by the significantly higher charge density of the PEI in D2O compared to H2O. On the other hand, at the natural pH/pD as well as at pH=4 and pD=4 conditions the PEI molecules have roughly equal charge density which results in very similar charged characteristics (mobilities) of the PEI/SDS complexes as well as the same charge neutralization SDS concentration. It can be concluded, that extreme care must be taken in the general analysis of those experiments where weak polyelectrolyte/surfactant aggregates are investigated in heavy water and then these observations are correlated with structures of the same system in water.
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| 21. |
- Bastardo Zambrano, Luis Alejandro, et al.
(författare)
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Deuterium isotope effects on the interaction between hyperbranched polyethylene imine and an anionic surfactant
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 109:33, s. 16196-16202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solvent isotope effects on the interaction between the hyperbranched cationic polyelectrolyte, polyethylene imine (PEI), and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated using potentiometric titration and eletrophoretic mobility measurements. In the basic pH range, a significantly higher fraction of the amine groups was found to be protonated when the PEI was dissolved in D2O compared to H2O at the same pH/pD. The difference in polymer charge in the two solvents decreases gradually with decreasing pH, and it completely diminishes at around pH = 4. Electrophoretic mobility measurements of PEI/SDS complexes at different pH values correlated very well with these observations. At pH/pD approximate to 9 a much higher mobility of the PEI/SDS complexes was found in D2O than in H2O at low surfactant concentrations, and the charge neutralization point shifted to a considerably larger surfactant concentration in heavy water. These results can be explained by the significantly higher charge density of the PEI in D2O compared to H2O. However, at the natural pH/pD as well as at pH = 4 and pD = 4 conditions the PEI molecules have roughly equal charge densities, which result in very similar charged characteristics (mobilities) of the PEI/SDS complexes as well as the same charge neutralization SDS concentration. It can be concluded that extreme care must be taken in the general analysis of those experiments in which weak polyelectrolyte/surfactant aggregates are investigated in heavy water, and then these observations are correlated with structures of the same system in water.
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| 22. |
- Berg, S., et al.
(författare)
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Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid related to vaccine serotypes and to clinical characteristics
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scand J Infect Dis. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548. ; 38:6-7, s. 427-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pneumococci isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid from 1998 to 2001 in 2 counties in south-west Sweden were serotyped with the capsular reaction test. Of the 836 strains, 353 (42%), 598 (72%) and 789 (94%) belonged to serotypes included in the 7- and 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and in the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine, respectively. The most common serotype was type 1 (119 isolates) followed in descending frequency by serotypes 7F, 9V, 14, 4 and 12F (90-49 isolates per serotype). The coverage rates of the 7- and 11-valent conjugate vaccines among 58 strains isolated from children and adolescents 0-19 y of age were 46% and 93%, respectively. A comparison of clinical characteristics of infections caused by different serotypes showed that types 1 and 7F were less commonly associated with severe underlying diseases, that patients infected with these serotypes were younger than the average and, thus, had a lower case-fatality rate.
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| 23. |
- Bibikova, EV, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of the Belomorian Belt: NORDSIM U-Pb zircon dating of the Chupa paragneisses, magmatism, and metamorphic stages
- 2004
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Ingår i: Petrology. - 1556-2085. ; 12:3, s. 195-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The U-Pb systematics of accessory zircons were studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry (NORDSIM ion microprobe). This study revealed two main age groups of terrigenous zircons, 3000 and 2900 Ma, in the metasedimentary rocks of the Chupa nappe of the Belomorian belt. Zircon older than 3200 Ma was not found, which is consistent with the available Sm-Nd model ages. Older terrigenous zircons (3100-3200 Ma) were found only in the northern part of the belt, which is probably a consequence of the input of Mesoarchean material from the Karelian craton and/or the Kola province. The oldest metamorphic zircons of Belomorian paragneisses were formed 2820 +/- 15 Ma ago. Zircons with an age of 2710 15 Ma provide a record of collisional metamorphism of the high-pressure granulite, eclogite, and amphibolite facies, which was completed by several magmatic and migmatitic events 2615 +/- 15 Ma ago. The basic magmatism of 2450-2400 Ma did not produce accessory zircons in the supracrustal complexes of the Belomorian belt. In contrast, the later Svecofennian metamorphism of the amphibolite facies resulted in the reequilibration of the U-Pb isotopic system of sphene and growth of a new zircon generation, especially in the zones of migmatization and pegmatite formation between 1900 and 1800 Ma. Early Proterozoic tectonothermal processes only partially obliterated the record of the Archean history of the Belomorian belt, which does not prevent the reconstruction of Archean tectonic settings. New more accurate isotopic data supported the previously proposed geodynamic model of the evolution of the Belomorian belt. According to this model, its formation occurred under the influence of oceanic crust subduction 2900-2800 Ma ago and subsequent collision with the Karelian craton 2730-2710 Ma ago.
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| 24. |
- Bibikova, E. V., et al.
(författare)
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The early crust of the Volgo-Uralian segment of the East European Craton: Isotope-geochronological zirconology of metasedimentary rocks of the Bolshecheremshanskaya Formation and their Sm-Nd model ages
- 2015
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Ingår i: Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. - 0869-5938. ; 23:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of isotope-geochronological study of metasedimentary rocks of the Bolshecheremshanskaya Formation of the Volgo-Uralian segment of the East European Craton carried out to identify their protoliths. 16 samples of high-alumina gneisses from well cores were studied using the Sm-Nd isotope method and T-Nd(DM) model ages. Accessory zircons were selected from rocks with the most ancient model ages (more 3.2 Ga) in three wells: Minnibaevskaya 20000, Novo-Elkhovskaya 20009, and Zai-Karatayskaya 12930 in South Tatarstan. The isotope U-Pb dating of 200 zircon grains was performed on a Cameca 1280 NORDSIM secondary ion mass spectrometer at the Natural History Museum (Stockholm, Sweden). The most applicable sites for analysis of zircon crystals were pre-selected based on cathodoluminescence images. The analytical results demonstrate the diversity of zircon groups in age from 3.8 to 2.6 Ga and together with geochemical features of metasedimentary rocks of the Bolshecheremshanskaya Formation suggest the heterogeneous composition and age of provenance areas under denudation. Occurrence of Eoarchean and Paleoarchean zircons in the clastic material of the protolith of the Bolshecheremshanskaya gneisses indicates the existence of Early Archean crustal terrains in Volgo-Uralia.
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| 25. |
- Blomberg, E, et al.
(författare)
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Surface interactions in emulsion and liposome solutions
- 1999
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 159, s. 149-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used two surface force techniques to investigate the interactions between hydrophilic and negatively charged mica and glass surfaces across concentrated and dilute oil-in-water emulsions, as well as across aqueous liposome solutions. It was observed with both the interferometric surface force apparatus, using mica surfaces, and with the non-interferometric MASIF technique, employing glass surfaces, that emulsion droplets adsorbed onto the surfaces. Under a high compressive force the adsorbed emulsion droplets were disintegrated and this resulted in a phase separation in the gap between the surfaces. The forces measured in the presence of the capillary condensate compared favourably with theoretical expectations. In contrast, no adsorption of large aggregates could be detected in the liposome solution. Instead it appears that upon adsorption the liposomes disintegrate and the surfaces become covered by a disordered layer of phospholipids. Measurements with the interferometric surface force apparatus, that allows absolute distances to be determined, allow us to draw the conclusion that some bilayer aggregates are adsorbed and that the inner layer consists of an intercalated monolayer.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Campistol, Josep M., et al.
(författare)
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Sirolimus therapy after early cyclosporine withdrawal reduces the risk for cancer in adult renal transplantation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - 1046-6673 .- 1533-3450. ; 17:2, s. 581-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sirolimus (SRL) is a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor that, in contrast to cyclosporine (CsA), has been shown to inhibit rather than promote cancers in experimental models. At 3 mo +/- 2 wk after renal transplantation, 430 of 525 enrolled patients were randomly assigned to remain on SRL-CsA-steroids (ST) or to have CsA withdrawn and SRL troughs increased two-fold (SRL-ST). Median times to first skin and nonskin malignancies were compared between treatments using a survival analysis. Mean annualized rates of skin malignancy were calculated, and the relative risk was determined using a Poisson model. Malignancy-free survival rates for nonskin malignancies were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test. At 5 yr, the median time to a first skin carcinoma was delayed (491 versus 1126 d; log-rank test, P = 0.007), and the risk for an event was significantly lower with SRL-ST therapy (relative risk SRL-ST to SRL-CsA-ST 0.346; 95% confidence interval 0.227 to 0.526; P < 0.001, intention-to-treat analysis). The relative risks for both basal and squamous cell carcinomas were significantly reduced. Kaplan-Meier estimates of nonskin cancer were 9.6 versus 4.0% (SRL-CsA-ST versus SRL-ST; P = 0.032, intention-to-treat analysis). Nonskin cancers included those of the lung, larynx, oropharynx, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, breast, thyroid, and cervix as well as glioma, liposarcoma, astrocytoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Patients who received SRL-based, calcineurin inhibitor-free therapy after CsA withdrawal at month 3 had a reduced incidence of both skin and nonskin malignancies at 5 yr after renal transplantation compared with those who received SRL therapy combined with CsA. Longer follow-up and additional trials are needed to confirm these promising results.
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| 28. |
- Carlsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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Periodontal disease in patients from the original Kostmann family with severe congenital neutropenia
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 77:4, s. 744-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with Kostmann syndrome (severe congenital neutropenia [SCN]) typically normalize their absolute neutrophil count (ANC) upon granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy. However, although they no longer experience life-threatening bacterial infections, they frequently still have recurrent gingivitis and even severe periodontitis, often starting in early childhood. METHODS: We studied the periodontal disease in the four surviving patients belonging to the family originally described by Kostmann. Their odontological records, x-rays, color photos, bacterial cultures, serum antibodies to oral bacteria, and histopathological examinations were reviewed. The data were also correlated to previous investigations on their antibacterial peptides and molecular biology. RESULTS: Three patients had periodontal disease, despite normal ANC and professional dental care, and had neutrophils deficient in antibacterial peptides. One of these patients also had a heterozygous mutation in the neutrophil elastase gene, had severe periodontal disease and overgrowth of the periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the dental flora, and 15 permanent teeth had been extracted by the age of 27. One bone marrow-transplanted patient had no periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Normalized ANC levels are not sufficient to maintain normal oral health in SCN patients, and because neutrophils are important for first-line defense and innate immunity, the deficiency of the antibacterial peptide LL-37 probably explains their chronic periodontal disease. Professional dental care is still important for SCN patients, despite treatment with G-CSF and normal ANC levels. Whether antibacterial peptides play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis in other patients remains to be elucidated.
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| 29. |
- Chang, J., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure near the 1/8-anomaly in La-based cuprates
- 2008
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report an angle-resolved photoemission study of the electronic structure of the pseudogap state in La1.48Nd0.4Sr0.12CuO4 (T-c < 7 K). Two opposite dispersing Fermi arcs are the main result of this study. Several scenarios that can explain this observation are discussed.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Claesson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1757-7241. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) prior to EMS arrival can increase 30-day survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) significantly. Drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can fly with high velocity and potentially transport devices such as AEDs to the site of OHCAs. The aim of this explorative study was to investigate the feasibility of a drone system in decreasing response time and delivering an AED. Methods: Data of Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates from historical OHCA in Stockholm County was used in a model using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to find suitable placements and visualize response times for the use of an AED equipped drone. Two different geographical models, urban and rural, were calculated using a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) model. Test-flights with an AED were performed on these locations in rural areas. Results: In total, based on 3,165 retrospective OHCAs in Stockholm County between 2006-2013, twenty locations were identified for the potential placement of a drone. In a GIS-simulated model of urban OHCA, the drone arrived before EMS in 32 % of cases, and the mean amount of time saved was 1.5 min. In rural OHCA the drone arrived before EMS in 93 % of cases with a mean amount of time saved of 19 min. In these rural locations during (n = 13) test flights, latch-release of the AED from low altitude (3-4 m) or landing the drone on flat ground were the safest ways to deliver an AED to the bystander and were superior to parachute release. Discussion: The difference in response time for EMS between urban and rural areas is substantial, as is the possible amount of time saved using this UAV-system. However, yet another technical device needs to fit into the chain of survival. We know nothing of how productive or even counterproductive this system might be in clinical reality. Conclusions: To use drones in rural areas to deliver an AED in OHCA may be safe and feasible. Suitable placement of drone systems can be designed by using GIS models. The use of an AED equipped drone may have the potential to reduce time to defibrillation in OHCA.
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| 33. |
- Claesson, B A, et al.
(författare)
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Serum antibody response to capsular polysaccharide, outer membrane, and lipooligosaccharide in children with invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections.
- 1987
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 25:12, s. 2339-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum antibodies against capsular polysaccharide (CPS), outer membrane (OM), and lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from Haemophilus influenzae type b were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 21 children between 3 months and 4 years of age with invasive H. influenzae type b infections. As expected, the levels of anti-CPS antibodies in the acute-phase serum samples were low or not detectable, as were the levels of antibodies against LOS. In contrast, all children had detectable antibodies against the OM in the acute-phase serum sample, indicating that they are of little or no importance for protection. An antibody response to CPS was noted in 13 of the 21 patients, mainly in the older children. An antibody response to the OM was seen in 16 patients, with no evident relation to age. The antibody response to the OM preparation, which consisted of proteins and LOS, was probably directed mainly against the OM proteins, since only six children showed a response, usually of low magnitude, of antibodies to LOS.
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| 34. |
- Claesson, Elin, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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The primary structural photoresponse of phytochrome proteins captured by a femtosecond X-ray laser
- 2020
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Ingår i: eLife. - 2050-084X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochrome proteins control the growth, reproduction, and photosynthesis of plants, fungi, and bacteria. Light is detected by a bilin cofactor, but it remains elusive how this leads to activation of the protein through structural changes. We present serial femtosecond X-ray crystallographic data of the chromophore-binding domains of a bacterial phytochrome at delay times of 1 ps and 10 ps after photoexcitation. The data reveal a twist of the D-ring, which leads to partial detachment of the chromophore from the protein. Unexpectedly, the conserved so-called pyrrole water is photodissociated from the chromophore, concomitant with movement of the A-ring and a key signaling aspartate. The changes are wired together by ultrafast backbone and water movements around the chromophore, channeling them into signal transduction towards the output domains. We suggest that the observed collective changes are important for the phytochrome photoresponse, explaining the earliest steps of how plants, fungi and bacteria sense red light.
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| 35. |
- Claesson, Julia, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement and Analysis of Flow of Concentrated Fiber Suspensions through a 2-D Sudden Expansion Using UVP
- 2013
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Ingår i: AICHE Journal. - : Wiley. - 1547-5905 .- 0001-1541. ; 59:3, s. 1012-1021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ultrasound velocity profiling technique (UVP) was used to study flow structures after a two-dimensional (2-D) 1: 11 sudden expansion of pulp fiber suspensions at varied average velocities (1-2.2 m/s) and concentrations (1.8 and 2.8 wt %). One advantage of studying jet geometry is the potential to investigate the main flow structures away from walls. Measurements done at the same percent of the total jet length, at constant concentration, show that an increase in flow rate gave a faster decrease in centerline velocity and a quicker increase in jet width. Increasing the concentration, at the same jet length, the centerline velocity was more stable and the width of the mixing layer increased more rapidly. Comparisons with CFD simulations in the laminar regime, using the Bingham plastic model, show that the main flow structures were captured if the yield stress used in the simulations is approximately 20% of the measured using a rheometer.
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| 36. |
- Claesson, Julia, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling the effect of fiber orientation on local yield stress in flow of pulp suspensions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2000-0669 .- 0283-2631. ; 29:3, s. 444-452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model that takes into account the local yield stress in pulp suspensions (2-3%) was derived. In this model the yield stress was assumed to decrease due to a reduction in the number of contact points between fibers in a network when the fibers are oriented in the shear field. The local yield stress described by the number of contact points multiplied by the friction force in the fiber connections was implemented in a CFD solver to describe the yield stress in the non-Newtonian single-phase Bingham model. Model results were compared with experimental UVP data from a study performed earlier on the flow of pulp suspensions at two concentrations after a sudden expansion. First model parameters were estimated with experimental data from a case with a concentration of 1.8% and an inflow velocity of 1.2 m/s. Then the model was used to predict five other cases. The proposed model was able to capture both the decrease in centerline velocity and the increase in the width of the jets at higher inflow velocities. At low inflow velocities the predicted jet lengths were too short compared to the experimental measured jet length due to under prediction of fiber alignment.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Claesson, Per M, et al.
(författare)
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Surface force measurements
- 1995
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Ingår i: Trends in Physical Chemistry. - Trivandrum, India : Science Information. ; , s. 161-194
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The forces acting between colloidal particles and between surfaces are of utmost importance for determining the behaviour in dispersed systems and adhesion phenomena. Several techniques are now available for directly measuring these surface forces and in this review we focus on five different methods. These include three techniques for measuring forces between solid surfaces; the interferometric surface force apparatus, known as the SFA, the atomic force microscope (AFM) with a colloidal probe, and a novel instrument which does not utilise optical techniques. We also describe two different methods that can be used for measuring forces between "soft" interfaces, the thin-film-balance for foam, emulsion and solid/fluid/fluid films, and the osmotic stress method, commonly used for biological and emulsion systems. The advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed and typical results are presented.
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| 39. |
- Claesson, PM, et al.
(författare)
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Techniques for measuring surface forces
- 1996
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Ingår i: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. - 0001-8686 .- 1873-3727. ; 67, s. 119-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The forces acting between colloidal particles and between surfaces are of utmost importance for determining the behaviour of dispersed systems and adhesion phenomena. Several techniques are now available for direct measurement of these surface forces. In this review we focus on some of these methods. Two techniques for measuring forces between macroscopic solid surfaces; the interferometric surface force apparatus, known as the SFA, and a novel instrument which is based on a bimorph force sensor, the so called MASIF, are described in some detail. Forces between a macroscopic surface and a particle can be measured with the atomic force microscope (AFM) using a colloidal probe, or by employing total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) to monitor the position of a colloidal particle trapped by a laser beam. We also describe two different techniques that can be used for measuring forces between "soft" interfaces, the thin film balance (TFB) for single foam, emulsion and solid/fluid/fluid films, and osmotic stress methods, commonly used for studying interactions in liquid crystalline surfactant phases or in concentrated dispersions. The advantages and limitations of each of these techniques are discussed and typical results are presented.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Claesson, T., et al.
(författare)
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An X-ray computed tomography demonstrator using a CZT solid-state detector
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 487:02-jan, s. 202-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A demonstrator of Computed Tomography (CT) has been designed and built for educational purposes. The system is based on a solid-state CdZnTe detector and a standard PC. The mechanics of the system is controlled and data is acquired by programs written in LabVIEW. CT images are reconstructed using MATLAB programs.
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| 42. |
- Claesson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Internal Electrode Fiber Polarization Controller
- 2003
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Ingår i: Conf Opt Fiber Commun Tech Dig Ser. ; , s. 39-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Potentially low-cost polarization controllers were studied with a current-driven internal electrode fibers. The return loss was determined for the device. An EDFA was used as light source, and five devices were constructed and tested. The polarization dependent loss (PDL) of the polarization controllers was measured between 1530 nm and 1570 nm using the Jones-matrix method. The response times for the controllers was found to be relatively slow. The rise time of the optical response was significantly improved by overshooting the current pulse.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Dahlgren, MAG, et al.
(författare)
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Salt effects on the interaction between adsorbed cationic polyelectrolyte layers - Theory and experiment
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 97, s. 11769-11775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of inert salt concentration on polyelectrolyte adsorption from aqueous solutions onto oppositely charged surfaces, and the interactions between such surfaces were studied experimentally using a surface force technique and compared to theoretical predictions from Monte Carlo simulations. At a polyelectrolyte concentration of 10 ppm and a low inert salt concentration (10-4 M) the polyelectrolytes adsorb in a flat conformation and the force acting between the surfaces is close to zero down to a separation of 10-15 nm, where the surfaces jump inwards. The attractive force observed at separations below 10 nm is stronger than the expected van der Waals force. The magnitude and range of the attraction agrees with forces obtained from Monte Carlo simulation and we interpret the attraction as being due to bridging polyelectrolytes. When the salt concentration is increased, additional polyelectrolyte adsorption takes place. This gives again rise to a repulsive force, which is significantly larger than what is observed between bare surfaces. The extra repulsion is due to adsorbed polyelectrolytes stretching out from the surfaces and is also predicted from simulations.
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| 45. |
- Dierolf, V., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of highly erbium-doped fibers using confocal luminescence microscopy
- 2004
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Ingår i: OSA Trends Opt. Photonics Series. - : Optical Society of American (OSA). ; , s. 539-541
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using confocal luminescence microscopy and detailed evaluation of the luminescence spectra in terms of intensity, spectral position and width, we determined the erbium doping profiles and their inhomogeneities in high index profile singly mode fibers.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Djarv, T., et al.
(författare)
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Traumatic cardiac arrest in Sweden 1990-2016 : a population-based national cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1757-7241. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Trauma is a main cause of death among young adults worldwide. Patients experiencing a traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) certainly have a poor prognosis but population-based studies are sparse. Primarily to describe characteristics and 30-day survival following a TCA as compared with a medical out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (medical CA). Methods: A cohort study based on data from the nationwide, prospective population-based Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (SRCR), a medical cardiac arrest registry, between 1990 and 2016. The definition of a TCA in the SRCR is a patient who is unresponsive with apnoea where cardiopulmonary resuscitation and/or defibrillation have been initiated and in whom the Emergency Medical Services (EMS, mainly a nurse-based system) reported trauma as the aetiology. Outcome was overall 30-day survival. Descriptive statistics as well as multivariable logistic regression models were used. Results: In all, between 1990 and 2016, 1774 (2.4%) cases had a TCA and 72,547 had a medical CA. Overall 30-day survival gradually increased over the years, and was 3.7% for TCAs compared to 8.2% following a medical CA (p < 0.01). Among TCAs, factors associated with a higher 30-day survival were bystander witnessed and having a shockable initial rhythm (adjusted OR 2.67, 95% C.I. 1.15-6.22 and OR 8.94 95% C.I. 4.27-18.69, respectively). Discussion: Association in registry-based studies do not imply causality but TCA had short time intervals in the chain of survival as well as high rates of bystander-CPR. C onclusion: In a medical CA registry like ours, prevalence of TCAs is low and survival is poor. Registries like ours might not capture the true incidence. However, many individuals do survive and resuscitation in TCAs should not be seen futile.
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| 48. |
- Ederth, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Force measurements between semifluorinated thiolate self-assembled monolayers : Long-range hydrophobic interactions and surface charge
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 235:2, s. 391-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-range interactions between self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of semifluorinated alkanethiols have been studied by direct force measurements in water and aqueous NaCl solutions. SAMs prepared from three different thiols, with identical fluorinated head groups but varying hydrocarbon spacer lengths, were investigated: CF3(CF2)(9)(CH2)(x)SH, where x = 2, 11, or 17. Force measurements show that the interactions in water and electrolyte solutions are composed of both double-layer interactions emerging from what appears to be charges adsorbed onto the surfaces and long-range "hydrophobic" attractions, in excess of the expected van der Waals forces. The three investigated thiols produce similar results in force measurements, though the contact angles with water are slightly different, The "hydrophobic" attraction has the form of step-like attractive discontinuities in the force profiles at separations ranging from 20 to 40 nm, caused by bridging of microscopic bubbles residing at the surfaces, The shape or range of these discontinuities are not significantly affected by replacement of the water with either 1 mM or 1 M NaCl solutions. The origin of the charges causing the electrostatic double-layer interaction is unclear, but some possible causes are discussed.
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| 49. |
- Ederth, T., et al.
(författare)
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Forces between carboxylic acid surfaces in divalent electrolyte solutions
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 229:1, s. 123-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The behavior of self-assembled monolayers of thiohexadecanoic acid adsorbed onto gold interacting in asymmetric 2:1 electrolytes has been studied with direct force measurements. The effects of two divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+) were studied at concentrations ranging from 1 mu M to 10 mM. As compared to interactions in the presence of Na+, the divalent ions adsorb strongly to the surfaces, with the effect of lowering the surface potential and decreasing the double-layer repulsion. At concentrations above 10 mu M, the Ca2+ ions were found to adsorb stronger than Mg2+. Ca2+ ions cause charge reversal at high concentrations, and the net interactions at 10 mM were attractive over the measurable range.
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| 50. |
- Ederth, T, et al.
(författare)
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Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on thin gold films as substrates for surface force measurements. Long-range hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic double-layer interactions
- 1998
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 14, s. 4782-4789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surfaces prepared by self-assembly of alkanethiolates onto thin (10 nm) gold films supported on glass have been used as substrates for surface force measurements between macroscopic surfaces. Surface roughness, the order in the monomolecular film, wetting properties and their stability in aqueous electrolyte solutions have been investigated using atomic force microscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Direct force measurements have been performed with a non-interferometric bimorph surface force apparatus, using surfaces with differently functionalised thiolates; measurements were made in air, water and aqueous electrolyte solutions. Results from force measurements between hydrophobic and neutral hydrophilic surfaces in air and water are presented and discussed, as well as some results from measurements with surfaces exposing carboxylic groups in various aqueous electrolyte solutions. It is demonstrated that alkanethiol monolayers self-assembled onto thin gold films on macroscopic surfaces are well suited as substrates for direct measurements of long-range surface forces. The utility of these surfaces as substrates for investigations of short-range phenomena is limited until the effect of the roughness on the adhesion between the surfaces has been properly quantified, and the contribution of the van der Waals force to the total interaction has been calculated. The latter is difficult to assess due to the large number of layers in the system, and the presence of conducting surfaces.
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