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| 9. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Meritpoäng skapar orättvisa
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - Stockholm : Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 12. |
- Klapp Lekholm, Alli, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of being graded on later achievement : evidence from 13-year olds in Swedish compulsory school
- 2016
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Ingår i: Educational Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-3410 .- 1469-5820. ; 36:10, s. 1771-1789
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to investigate how grading of students in primary school affected achievement measured by grades one year later, and how the effect varied as a function of cognitive ability, gender and socio-economic status. The data derive from The Evaluation Through Follow Up longitudinal project. Through a national curriculum change one group of students received grades and one group of students did not receive grades in the 6th Grade, while both groups of students received grades in the 7th Grade. A quasi-experimental design was thus created, with two comparable groups of students. The subjects were 8558 students born in 1967. Several multiple regression models were fitted to the data. The results showed no main effects of grading on subsequent achievement, but there were important differential effects: graded students with low cognitive ability received lower subsequent grades. The results also showed interaction effects between gender and grading and between gender and cognitive ability.
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| 13. |
- Thorsen, Cecilia, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of fluid and crystallized intelligence on the development of knowledge and skills
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Educational Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0007-0998 .- 2044-8279. ; 84:4, s. 556-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cattell’s Gf–Gc distinction is quite generally recognized. However, the developmental part of the Gf–Gc theory of intelligence has not gained the same recognition. Results are inconsistent, but recent discussions emphasize the importance of homogeneity of samples with regard to education and language when investigating the developmental Investment theory. Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Gf and Gc on the development of knowledge and skills in a sample of children in compulsory school who are homogenous with regard to level of education, age, and cultural background. Sample Totally, 9,002 individuals from the evaluation through follow-up database born in 1972 and who left compulsory school in 1988 were included. These individuals were followed up in Grades 3, 6, and 9. Methods Structural equation modelling was used, and autoregressive path models were fitted. All modelling was performed using Mplus version 6.1. Results In the first step, a path model with a simplex structure was defined. However, a second model with direct relations of Gf on Gc in Grades 6 and 9 had better model fit, suggesting a continuous influence of Gf on Gc. However, no direct influence of Gf was found for the subject grades. Conclusion Due to the continuous influence of Gf on the measures of Gc throughout compulsory school, support for Cattell’s (1987) Investment theory was found.
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| 15. |
- Axelsson, Malin, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Self-efficacy and adherence as mediating factors between personality traits and health-related quality of life.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2649 .- 0962-9343. ; 22:3, s. 567-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Personality traits are rather stable dispositions in adulthood, while self-efficacy and adherence may be modified through targeted interventions. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) serves as a vital outcome measure. The present aim was to explore the function of self-efficacy and adherence as mediators for the influencing effect of personality traits on HRQL in people with chronic disease. METHODS: An epidemiological sample of 786 persons completed questionnaires on personality, general self-efficacy, adherence behaviour and HRQL. Data were statistically analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses and path models. RESULTS: Self-efficacy mediated the effect of Extraversion and Conscientiousness on mental HRQL. Neuroticism had a direct effect on both physical and mental HRQL. Adherence partially mediated the effect of both Agreeableness and Conscientiousness on mental HRQL. CONCLUSIONS: The mental HRQL in people scoring low on Extraversion or low on Conscientiousness could be improved by strengthening general self-efficacy. Increasing adherence in people scoring low on Agreeableness or Conscientiousness could improve their mental HRQL, but the improvement was small and may be of lesser clinical relevance. These results argue for personalized interventions intended to positively affect health outcomes in people with chronic disease.
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| 16. |
- Axelsson, Malin, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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The function of medication beliefs as mediators between personality traits and adherence behavior in people with asthma
- 2013
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Ingår i: Patient Preference and Adherence. - 1177-889X. ; 7, s. 1101-1109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:There is evidence that both personality traits and personal beliefs about medications affect adherence behavior. However, limited research exists on how personality and beliefs about asthma medication interact in influencing adherence behavior in people with asthma. To extend our knowledge in this area of adherence research, we aimed to determine the mediating effects of beliefs about asthma medication between personality traits and adherence behavior.Methods:Asthmatics (n=516) selected from a population-based study called West Sweden Asthma Study completed the Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness to Experience Five-Factor Inventory, the Medication Adherence Report Scale, and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.Results:Three of the five investigated personality traits – agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism – were associated with both concerns about asthma medication and adherence behavior. Concerns functioned as a partial mediator for the influencing effects of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism on adherence behavior.Conclusion:The findings suggest that personality traits could be used to identify individuals with asthma who need support with their adherence behavior. Additionally, targeting concerns about asthma medication in asthmatics with low levels of agreeableness or conscientiousness or high levels of neuroticism could have a favorable effect on their adherence behavior.
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| 17. |
- Berggren, Caroline, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Higher education students in Sweden and their possibilities of getting a matching employment depending on individual and institutional factors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Canadian Society for the Study of Higher Education (CSSHE). Saskatoon, Canada, May 28-30, 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a general confidence in higher education as a means of creating a good position for the individual on the labour market. However, there might not be as a good correspondence between higher education studies and the employment as may be expected. Some academics may be forced to accept an employment with lower demands in order to not be out of work. They may also accept employments within quite another sector compared to what their studies aimed at (Alpin et al., 1998; Arnesen, 2000; Kivinen et al., 2000). How graduates from higher education establish themselves on the labour market has been studied in several research projects (e.g. Alpin et al., 1998; Arnesen, 2000; Einarsdóttir, 2002; Kivinen et al., 2000). In determining whether or not graduates have been “successful” in obtaining an employment that corresponds to their education, has usually been studied in economical terms. That is, the salary has been used as an indicator of whether or not there is a good match (e.g. Dolton & Vignoles, 2000; HSV, 2005, 2006a; e.g. Kler, 2005). This study does not consider the economic outcomes; it focuses on the match, whether or not the former higher education student has obtained an employment that corresponds to both the field and the level of their education. This is a large scale study that draws on Swedish register data and the results are interpreted separately for men and for women.
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| 18. |
- Berggren, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Widening participation trends in Sweden : Regulations and their effects, intended and unintended
- 2012
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Ingår i: Widening Participation in Higher Education. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230300613 ; , s. 197-212
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Widening Participation in Higher Education: Casting the Net Wide? offers an authoritative up-to-date commentary on the challenges facing higher education today, through the perspectives of experts representing universities across the UK, Europe, Africa and the USA. Contributors draw on recent empirical research as well as analysis of historical developments and emerging policy to provide an understanding of these issues of widening participation to educational practitioners, policy makers and academics alike. Up-to-date insights chart the impact of global economic trends and recent policy developments for students, academics, providers and changing course provision. Contributions from emerging and established experts address a broad range of relevant issues, from the question of grade inflation through to the effectiveness of peer outreach programmes. The book provides insight into how the effects of trends including marketization and globalization will continue to impact pivotally on the extent to which higher education is able to act as a force for social equalization or exclusion of opportunities.
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| 19. |
- Berggren, Caroline, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Widening Participation Trends in Sweden: Regulations and Their Effects, Intended and Unintended
- 2012
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Ingår i: Widening Participation in Higher Education. Casting the Net Wide?. - Basingstoke, England : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230578166 ; , s. 197-212
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter, we provide an overview of the regulations that have influenced the participation of different groups of students in higher education. We consider not only regulations about admission to higher education, but also regulations that have influenced the pre-requisites for participation, including requirements in compulsory education. The steps that have been taken to increase participation in higher education can be summarised in four broad areas: •Extending and reforming compulsory and upper secondary schooling to provide routes into higher education and to provide more students with the required qualifications •Extending educational opportunities to provide many older students with a second chance to obtain the qualifications needed to enter higher education •Changes in the admission and selection system to higher education to facilitate attendance by under-represented groups of students •Extending the number of higher education study places, and by increasing the number of higher education institutions, particularly in the smaller cities.
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| 20. |
- Brink, Eva, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a Tool for Assessment of Post-Myocardial Infarction Fatigue
- 2018
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Ingår i: Open Journal of Nursing. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2162-5336 .- 2162-5344. ; 08:11, s. 811-822
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: After treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) quite a few persons will experience different symptoms, including fatigue, during the recovery phase. The aim of the present study was to construct the multidimensional Post-Myocardial Infarction Fatigue (PMIF) scale, based on empirical data gathered in coronary heart disease contexts. Methods: The construction of the post-MI fatigue scale was conducted in seven steps, ending in a psychometric evaluation of the internal structure of the scale, using confirmatory factor analysis, as well as testing of convergent and discriminant validity, using correlational analysis, in a sample of 141 persons treated for MI. Results: The results showed that the PMIF scale represents three dimensions: physical, cognitive and emotional fatigue. It was also found that the scale is suitable for summing the items to obtain a total score representing a post-MI global fatigue dimension. Conclusion: The PMIF is a brief and easily completed scale for identifying persons experiencing post-MI fatigue. Early identification of fatigue, together with health behavior support, might prevent progression toward a more severe state of fatigue.
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| 21. |
- Brink, Eva, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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General self-efficacy and health-related quality of life after myocardial infarction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychology, Health & Medicine. - : Routledge. - 1354-8506 .- 1465-3966. ; 17:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue after myocardial infarction (MI) has been found to be distressing. A person's self-efficacy will influence his/her health behavior and plays an active role in tackling illness consequences. This study investigated associations between fatigue, disturbed sleep, general self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of 145 respondents admitted to hospital for MI two years earlier. The aim was to identify the predictive value of general self-efficacy and to elucidate mediating factors between self-efficacy and HRQoL. General self-efficacy measured four months after MI was positively related to HRQoL after two years. In tests of indirect effects, fatigue meditated the effects between self-efficacy and the physical and the mental dimension of HRQoL, respectively. The indirect effect of disturbed sleep went through that of fatigue. To conclude, patients who suffer from post-MI fatigue may need support aimed at helping them increase their self-efficacy as well as helping them adapt to sleep hygiene principles and cope with fatigue, both of which will have positive influences on HRQoL.
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| 22. |
- Brink, Eva, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) in a sample of persons recovering from myocardial infarction – the Swedish version.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 52:6, s. 573-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When people’s health is threatened, they generally develop illness perceptions to make sense of their illness. The Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), developed by Moss-Morris et al (2002), has been widely used in many countries to measure such representations. However, since studies in this crucial research area are lacking in Sweden a Swedish version of IPQ-R was validated with a focus on the seven subscales: timeline acute/chronic, timeline cyclical, consequences, personal control, treatment control, illness coherence and emotional representations. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the aim of the present study was to validate the internal structure of the Swedish version in a sample of 202 persons (144 men and 58 women) who had been diagnosed with myocardial infarction four months earlier. Additionally, inter-correlations among the seven subscales and external concurrent validity were also investigated. The results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that, in line with the English version of the IPQ-R, the specified seven-factor model had a satisfactory fit. One item was however not considered reliable and was therefore excluded from the instrument. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients) and the inter-factor correlations were relatively similar to those reported in the validation study of the original English IPQ-R. In tests of concurrent validity, the seven IPQ-R subscales were, as hypothesized, mainly associated with external variables. To conclude, the Swedish version of the IPQ-R’s seven dimensions, with one item removed, (total 37 items) was found to be a reliable and valid measure of illness perception.
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| 26. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Betygens prognosförmåga och effekter på lärande
- 2014
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Ingår i: Resultatdialog 2014. - Stockholm : Vetenskapsrådet. - 9789173072472 ; , s. 51-60
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 28. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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Betygsinflation i de målrelaterade gymnasiebetygen
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige. - : Stockholms universitets förlag. - 1401-6788 .- 2001-3345. ; 9:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Att tveksamheter framförts angående mål- och kunskapsrelate-rade betyg liksom till möjligheten att betygskomplettera är väl känt. Likaså att betygsmedelvärdet har ökat sedan införandet av det nya målrelaterade betygssyste-met. Däremot har det varit oklart vad dessa höjningar av betygen representerar; mer kunskaper eller betygsinflation. Då betygen ska signalera kunskaper, och de kunska-per som eleverna tillägnar sig i gymnasieskolan ska ligga till grund för fortsatt utbildning, är det rimligt att förvänta att ju bättre gymnasiebetyg desto bättre studie-resultat vid fortsatt utbildning. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka gymnasiebetygens egenskaper och innebörden av betygskomplettering genom att relatera betygens jämförelsetal till studieframgång på civilingenjörs- och läkarpro-grammen. Resultaten visar att gymnasieskolans betygssättning är utsatt för en betydande inflation och att detsamma gäller för betygsförändringar som resultat av komplettering. Hela den genomsnittliga betygsökningen, oavsett om det gäller betygsutveckling eller komplettering, utgörs av »tomma» betygsenheter som inte svarar mot bättre resultat inom högskoleutbildningarna.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Different grounds for admission : Its effects on recruitment and achievement in medical education
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 50:1, s. 45-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to examine effects of the admission system to higher education on background diversity of students and study efficiency. By using data from a longitudinal project, the students admitted to medical education on different admission grounds are compared. The results indicate that admissions based on upper secondary grades best promote the goal of diversity. In addition, those students perform nearly as well as those admitted via step-wise procedures. The step-wise procedures promote study efficiency, but tend to favour applicants with upper-middle-class and Swedish backgrounds compared to those admitted via grades. Those admitted on the basis of SweSAT scores perform more poorly than those admitted via grades and step-wise procedures. Furthermore, the results indicate that admission via SweSAT scores contradict rather than promote the goals of increasing social, educational, and national diversity in higher education. © 2006 Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research.
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| 32. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949
(författare)
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Effect on schooling and age on performance in mathematics and science: A between-grade regression discontinuity design applied to Swedish TIMSS 95 data. Paper presented at the 3rd IEA International Research Conference (IRC 2008), Taipei City, Taiwan, September, 2008
- 2008
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 3rd IEA International Research Conference (IRC 2008), Taipei City, Taiwan, September, 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 33. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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Effects of practice and intellectual growth on performance on the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT)
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - Washington : American psychological Association. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 20:3, s. 192-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study is to examine effects of repeated test taking over several sessions on the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT). Self-selection effects on test performance due to background variables that must be taken into consideration are also investigated. All test repeaters with two and three test scores from three cohorts are included in the study. By using different regression models a distinction can be made between the effects of practice as a function of test-taking experience, and the effects of growth as a function of time. The results show self-selection effects due to age and grades, such that students with higher grades tend to be younger when taking the first test. Furthermore, this phenomenon tends to be more accentuated with repeated test takings. It is also shown that there are score gains as a function of practice at the first testing session, and that there are also effects of growth on the SweSAT performance. The magnitude of score gains associated with growth is equal over the two intervals measured, but different between the three cohorts. There are reasons to assume that effects of schooling may explain these differences. An additional explanation may be that the younger students have a greater potential for growth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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| 35. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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Effects of Step-wise Admission on Achievement in Medical Education
- 2005
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Ingår i: EARLI Biennial Conference 2005, Nicosia, Cyprus 23rd - 27th August. ; , s. -1008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study is to examine effects on study efficiency of specially designedadmission procedures, Step-wise admission, used for selection to medical education. In Step-wise procedures, written tests and interviews are used to assess personality traits such as motivation, social competence, patience, empathy and devotion. The selection of variables is based on assumptions about the influence of personal characteristics on success both academically and in the profession. By using data from a large-scale longitudinal project (VALUTA), the students admitted via Step-wise admission are compared to those admitted through regular admission, grades from upper secondary school and scores from the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT). Efficiency in studies is measured by achieved credit points, interruptions in studies, drop-outs and obtained degrees. The results indicate that admissions based on the Step-wise procedures had the highest point production, in spite of lower grades, and lower SweSAT scores than the SweSAT group. Previous research has emonstrated that upper secondary grades and SweSAT scores provide good measures for predicting study success in higher education. However, in this study those admitted through grades obtain somewhat fewer points, and those admitted via SweSAT scores produce by far the lowest average number of credit points. Thus, it does seem quite interesting to investigate why the Step-wise procedure results in the selection of more successful students, and to look more closely into the relative importance of cognitive factors and other personal characteristics for achievement in medical education.
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| 41. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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Methodological issues in investigations of the relative effects of schooling and age on school performance : The between-grade regression discontinuity design applied to Swedish TIMSS 1995 data
- 2010
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Ingår i: Educational Research and Evaluation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1380-3611 .- 1744-4187. ; 16:1, s. 39-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary purpose of the study was to examine methodological issues in investigations of the relative effects of schooling and age on school performance. One means of separating these 2 effects involves the use of a between-grade regression discontinuity approach. However, amongst other things, this approach is based on assumptions concerning the mechanism for allocating students to grades. Using the Swedish sample of the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 1995, which comprised 3 grades (Grades 6, 7, and 8), the study investigates the robustness of the regression discontinuity approach in terms of deviations from underlying assumptions. The main finding is that the technique is robust vis-à -vis deviations from a strictly age-based grade allocation present in the data. The pattern of substantive results also corresponds with those obtained in previous research, with the grade effect being about twice as strong as the age effect. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
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| 43. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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Parents’ Judgements and Students’ Self-Judgements of Empathy : The structure of empathy and agreement of judgements based on the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - Cambridge : Hogrefe Publishing Corp. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 17:1, s. 36-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sample of 221 11th grade students and their parents were asked to complete the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; M. H. Davis, 1980), which is comprised of 4 subscales: empathic concern, perspective taking, fantasy, and personal distress; and a global-item measure containing 4 items, 1 for each subscale. The factorial structure that emerged in a previous study (C. Cliffordson, 2000) involving the students was tested on ratings provided by their parents. The results from the IRI scale were also compared to results from the global-item measure. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the structure of empathy and the agreement of self/other judgments. The results support the conclusions from the previous study that the concept of empathy can be considered to be identical to empathic concern, which also explains a great deal of perspective taking and fantasy. The agreement between the students' and their parents' judgments was substantial, and there are several reasons to believe that the interjudge agreement obtained is accurate.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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Selection effects on applications and admissions to medical education with regular and step-wise admission procedures.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - Abingdon, England : Routledge. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 50:4, s. 463-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to examine step‐wise admission to two medical programs with regard to selection effects. By using data from a large‐scale longitudinal project, the influence of background variables on regular and step‐wise admission is estimated. Characteristics of both applicants and those admitted are investigated using descriptive statistics and the probabilities of admission and application are examined using logistic regression analysis. The results indicate that self‐selections were generally greater for the step‐wise groups compared to the regular groups. However, the selections resulting from the procedure were generally lower for the step‐wise groups. The results vary between different step‐wise designs, indicating self‐selections to be dependent upon the type of instrument used in the first step, and selections resulting from the procedure to be dependent on the number of steps and/or, more probably, the type of instruments used and the number of those selected in each step.
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| 46. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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The Hierarchical Structure of Empathy : Dimensional organization and relations to social functioning
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 43:1, s. 49-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to examine the structure of empathy using a hierarchical approach, and to compare the dimensions of empathy with measures of social functioning, in order to contribute to the understanding of the nature of empathy. The dimensionality of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, which comprises four subscales (empathic concern, perspective taking, fantasy and personal distress) was examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Relations with the Social Skills Inventory were also investigated. A sample of 127 applicants for places on nursing and social work undergraduate programs participated in the study. The study findings indicate that empathy is hierarchi-cally organized, with one general dimension at the apex. The general factor is identical to empathic concern and this dimension overlaps to a great extent with perspective taking and fantasy. The findings also indicate that the general dimension constitutes an integrated entirety, with its main emphasis on emotional reactivity by also involving cognitive processes.
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| 47. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Utvidgning under senare år :
- 2011
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Ingår i: Utvärdering genom uppföljning. - Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. - 9789173466998 ; , s. 67-72
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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