SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Cloninger C Robert) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Cloninger C Robert)

  • Resultat 1-48 av 48
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Zwir, Igor, et al. (författare)
  • Three Genetic-Environmental Networks for Human Personality
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 26, s. 3858-3875
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Phylogenetic, developmental, and brain-imaging studies suggest that human personality is the integrated expression of three major systems of learning and memory that regulate (1) associative conditioning, (2) intentionality, and (3) self-awareness. We have uncovered largely disjoint sets of genes regulating these dissociable learning processes in different clusters of people with (1) unregulated temperament profiles (i.e., associatively conditioned habits and emotional reactivity), (2) organized character profiles (i.e., intentional self-control of emotional conflicts and goals), and (3) creative character profiles (i.e., self-aware appraisal of values and theories), respectively. However, little is known about how these temperament and character components of personality are jointly organized and develop in an integrated manner. In three large independent genome-wide association studies from Finland, Germany, and Korea, we used a data-driven machine learning method to uncover joint phenotypic networks of temperament and character and also the genetic networks with which they are associated. We found three clusters of similar numbers of people with distinct combinations of temperament and character profiles. Their associated genetic and environmental networks were largely disjoint, and differentially related to distinct forms of learning and memory. Of the 972 genes that mapped to the three phenotypic networks, 72% were unique to a single network. The findings in the Finnish discovery sample were blindly and independently replicated in samples of Germans and Koreans. We conclude that temperament and character are integrated within three disjoint networks that regulate healthy longevity and dissociable systems of learning and memory by nearly disjoint sets of genetic and environmental influences.
  •  
2.
  • Amato, Clara, et al. (författare)
  • Newly Graduated Nurses' Learning Work Climate, Health, Resilience, and Burnout Symptoms
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The results provide an indication of important learning work climate factors associated to newly graduated nurses’ health, ability to cope successfully in adverse circumstances (i.e., resilience), and burnout symptoms. It is, however, plausible that there is an interconnection between personal vulnerability, learning climate, and health (Stoyanov & Cloninger, 2011).
  •  
3.
  • Cloninger, Kevin M., et al. (författare)
  • A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study using Mind-Body Interventions among Refugees in Sweden
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. - : University of Buckingham Press. - 2043-7730 .- 2043-7749. ; 9:3, s. 19-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Migration is one of the major challenges of the 21st century with many refugees being victims of torture and experiencing war and the collapse of their society. Sweden, for example, received about 169,520 refugees during 2015 and 20–30% of them were estimated to suffer from mental illness. Nevertheless, research shows that about 66.40% of refugees never reveal their traumatic experiences to a doctor and a majority refuse psychiatric help. Hence, we need innovative methods to promote the physical, mental, and social health of refugees. Objective: We examined the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching (i.e., a biopsychosocial approach to coaching) and Well-Being Spa (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on the personality and health of a sample of refugees living in Sweden. Methodology: Participants were recruited as part of a health and employment project in Blekinge, Sweden. A total of 70 Syrian refugees were randomly assigned to a six-month intervention comprising either Well-Being Coaching, or Well-Being Spa, or both (i.e., Mind–Body). The participants reported personality (temperament and character), well-being (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and harmony in life), and ill-being (defeat and entrapment, and anxiety and depression) at the beginning and at the end of the six-month intervention period. Results: Participants assigned to the Well-Being Coaching intervention showed increases in self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.84), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.36), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.43), and life satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.56), and decreases in both negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.38) and defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.89). Participants assigned to the Well-Being Spa intervention showed decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.55), reward dependence (Cohen’s d = 0.69), negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.82), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.53), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.34), and external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.42). Participants assigned to the Mind–Body intervention showed significant decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.47), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.61), depression (Cohen’s d = 0.34), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.56), external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.44), and internal entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.79) and increases in persistence (Cohen’s d = 0.27), self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.28), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.43), self-transcendence (Cohen’s d = 0.51), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.42), and harmony in life (Cohen’s d = 0.36). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that Well-Being Coaching strengthens refugees’ character, while the Well-Being Spa treatments reduced participants’ tendency to worry and anxiety. Finally, the combination of these two interventions seems to promote the development of health-related traits, reduce ill-health, and stress, and increase well-being in a wider biopsychosocial perspective.
  •  
4.
  • Cloninger, Kevin M., et al. (författare)
  • Increases in character development, resilience, and well-being among participants in Anthropedia's well-being coaching training
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: 30th APS Annual Convention. San Francisco, CA, USA: 24-27 May 2018.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This study examined the impacts of the year-long, 270-hour, Anthropedia Well-Being Coaching Training on character development, health, and resilience. There was a significant increase in subjective well-being, and character development including self-acceptance, empathy, moral reasoning, and self-transcendence as a whole as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).
  •  
5.
  • Cloninger, Kevin M., et al. (författare)
  • The Health Effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching: A 6-Month Pilot Study Among Long-Term Unemployment Swedish Young Adults
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In recent years Sweden had an increased number of asylum seekers entering the country. Asylum seeking can affect the physical and mental health of individuals due to prolonged application processes and waiting times which can lead to inactivity. Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors leading to noncommunicable diseases and overall mortality. The Public Health Report Blekinge 2014 states that groups with low socioeconomic status are less likely to be physically active in comparison with groups with a high socioeconomic status. Physical activity contributes to physical and mental well-being, and increases the possibilities for creating social networks as well as being part of the society. The project “Health for Everybody” (Hälsa för Alla) offers physical and cultural activities to approximately 300 refugees who have been granted asylum in the Blekinge region. The activities are conducted with the help of physical trainers, testing staff and community workers. In its current format each group of 20 to 30 refugees is offered training once a week for a 10-week period. The participants’ physical and psychological health and lifestyle habits are measured before and after the program through bioimpedance, physical conditioning tests and self-reports of psychological aspects related to health and lifestyle. We examined the health effects of cultural activities and Well-Being Coaching among long-term unemployed Swedish young adults. While individuals receiving cultural activities only showed a slight decrease in anxiety, those receiving Well-Being Coaching showed significant increases in subjective well-being and decreases in depression, anxiety, and sense of defeat and entrapment.
  •  
6.
  • Cloninger, Kevin M., et al. (författare)
  • The Prevalence of Personality (Temperament and Character) Profiles among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Personal vulnerability (i.e., specific personality profiles) is a major factor for burnout among helping professionals. Compared to the general population, 80% of Swedish newly graduated nurses reported high Reward Dependence (i.e., being sentimental, warm, attached, and dependent) and 95% reported low Self-Directedness (i.e., being blaming, aimless, helpless, defensive, and unfulfilled).
  •  
7.
  • Cloninger, Kevin M., et al. (författare)
  • Well-Being Coaching Training: Character, Resilience and Well-Being
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: 9th European Conference on Positive Psychology. Budapest, Hungary.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: The level of stress in the 21st century is increasing the risk for lifestyle and stress-related illness in all populations, including health care professionals who have the double burden of their personal problems and those of their patients. Between 2009 and 2014, psychiatric diagnoses, including burnout, have doubled in health care populations like nurses, doctors, and psychotherapists [1]. In order to help others, health care professionals have the need of a variety of tools and approaches to work on their own resilience, health, and well-being. The Anthropedia Foundation in collaboration with the Center for Well-Being at Washington University in St. Louis developed a specialized training that is person-centered, interdisciplinary, and biopsychosocial in orientation. This training can be integrated into existing professions or used independently. The training program has been designed to increase three character dimensions (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) that have been shown to lead to increases in physical and mental health, resilience, and overall well-being [2-4]. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether well-being training was effective in increasing character scores in the training participants. Method: 50 trainees were given the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Temperament and Character Inventory before and after the one-year training. Paired t-tests were performed to examine significant differences. Results: Analyses showed significant differences in the Temperament and Character Inventory subscales of self-acceptance (t = 2.2, df = 49, p < .05, Cohen’s D = 0.77), empathy (t = 2.6, df = 49, p < .05, Cohen’s D = 0.90), moral reasoning (t = 3.17, df = 49, p < .01, Cohen’s D = 1.11), and the scale of self-transcendence (t = 2.98, df = 49, p < .01, Cohen’s D = 1.04). There was a marginal increase in positive emotions (t = 1.18, df = 49, p < .05) and life satisfaction (t = 1.57, df = 49, p < .05), and a marginal decrease in negative emotions (t = 1.26, df = 49, p < .05). Conclusions: Results suggest that the training methodology increased subjective well-being, as well as self-directedness (self-acceptance), cooperativeness (empathy and moral reasoning), and self-transcendence. Cross-cultural studies on these character dimensions have demonstrated strong relationships between increases in character development and perceived social support, perceived health, and resilience [2-4]. In other words, the well-being coaching training increases sustainable global health, resilience and psychological well-being, and not simply hedonic well-being. The coaching is more intensive since it is one-on-one, thus we expect the effect on subjective well-being and character to be even greater for coachees.
  •  
8.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • A Pilot Study on Newly Graduated Nurses' Personal Vulnerability for Burnout
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 31st Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Washington, D.C., USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Nurses’ work is characterized by overload and hard decisions. Despite 80% of new ly graduated nurses being socially warm and dedicated, 72.97% lacked purpose and meaning and felt ineffective and disconnected from the rest of the world. Moreover, 51.70% had a personality profile with high risk for burnout and ill-being.
  •  
9.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • A Pilot Study on Resilience (Harm Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-directedness) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A Resilient profile is low in Harm Avoidance (i.e., relaxed, confident, and optimistic) and high in Persistence (i.e., industrious, perseverant, and hard-working) and Self-Directedness (i.e., responsible, reliable, self-acceptant, goal-oriented, and resourceful). We found that, compared to the general population, only 6.90% of Swedish newly graduated nurses had a resilient profile.
  •  
10.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • A Pilot Study on Temperament (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, and Reward Dependence) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • One factor for burnout vulnerability among nurses is their temperament profile. Compared to the general population, about 80% of Swedish newly graduated nurses were sentimental, warm, dedicated, attached, and dependent (i.e., high Reward Dependence) and 50% were worrying, pessimistic, doubtful, shy and low in energy (i.e., high Harm Avoidance).
  •  
11.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • A Ternary Model of Personality: Temperament, Character, and Identity
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Statistical Semantics - Methods and Applications. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030372491 - 9783030372507
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human beings are definitely storytellers capable of travel back and forward in time. We not only construct stories about ourselves, but also share these with others (McAdams and McLean 2013). We construct and internalize an evolving and integrative story for life, that is, a narrative identity (Singer 2004). However, the life story is just one of three layers of personality that are in a dynamical complex interaction, the other two being temperamental dispositions and goals and values (McAdams and Manczak 2011) or what Cloninger (2004) defines as temperament and character. The use of language, that is, words and their meaning or semantic content, to understand a person’s identity is definitely not new. On basis of the psycholexical hypothesis, for example, relevant and prominent features of personality are encoded in natural language (John et al. 1988), thus, individual differences are manifested in single words that people use to describe their own concept of the self or identity (cf. Boyd and Pennebaker 2017; McAdams 2008; Gazzaniga 2011; Koltko-Rivera 2004). However, although some models of personality, such as the Big Five, stem from natural person-descriptive language, the original clustering of the person-descriptive words used to develop these lexical models was conducted by a relatively small number of researchers who lacked the technical programs available today to handle large amounts of text (Leising et al. 2014; see also Garcia et al. 2015a). In addition, these approaches involved, to a larger degree, only one layer of personality for clustering the person- descriptive words, namely, temperamental dispositions (cf. Gunderson et al. 1999). Here, as a first step, we present a new approach to analyze the way people describe themselves and use Cloninger’s biopsychosocial theory to interpret our results.
  •  
12.
  • Garcia, Danilo, et al. (författare)
  • Coherence of character and temperament drives personality change toward well being in person-centered therapy
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Current Opinion in Psychiatry. - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 0951-7367 .- 1473-6578. ; 36:1, s. 60-66
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose of reviewPeople and communities around the world face many crises, including increasing burdens from disease, psychopathology, burn-out, social distrust, and acts of hate and terrorism. Personality disorder is arguably both a root cause and a consequence of these problems, creating a vicious cycle of suffering caused by fears, immoderate desires, and social distrust that are inconsistent with rational goals and prosocial values. Fortunately, recent advances in understanding the biopsychosocial basis and dynamics of development in personality and its disorders offer insights to address these problems in effective person-centered ways.Recent findingsFundamental advances have been made recently in the understanding of the psychobiology and sociology of personality in relationship to health, and in basic mechanisms of personality change as a complex process of learning and memory. Promotion of self-awareness and intentional self-control releases a strong tendency for people to seek coherence of their emotions and habits with what gives their life meaning and value.People have a strong drive to cultivate personalities in which their emotions and habits are reliably in accord with reasonable goals and prosocial values. Person-centered therapeutics provide practical ways to promote a virtuous cycle of increasing well being for individuals and their communities and habitats.
  •  
13.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Cooperativeness
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Cooperativeness (concept of relations with others) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people get along with others, that is, tolerance, helpfulness, empathy, compassion, and social principles (Cloninger, 2004).
  •  
14.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of Six Months of Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body Interventions among Refugees in Sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: XXXII International Congress of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background Research shows that there is a high prevalence of trauma-related disorders among refugees. Nevertheless, about 66.40% of refugees never reveal their traumatic experiences to a doctor and a majority refuse psychiatric help (Holmström, 2015). We evaluated the health effects of Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body interventions (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on Swedish Refugees. Method A total of 70 refugees, mostly from Syria, underwent the 6-month intervention. At both the beginning and the end of the intervention, participants responded to measures of personality (e.g., temperament and character), well-being (e.g., affect, life satisfaction) and ill-being (e.g., defeat and entrapment, and anxiety and depression). Results At baseline, the refugees showed relatively good levels of well-being, but high levels of anxiety and depression. After the intervention, we found significant reductions in Harm Avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.39), Defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.55), Internal Entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.47), and Anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.42). In addition, we found significant increases in Self-Directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.28) and positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.40). Conclusions: The six-month intervention succeeded in helping refugees regulate their nervous system, expressed by the temperament trait of Harm Avoidance as fear of uncertainty, quick fatigability, and pessimistic worry about future problems. In addition, negative cognitions like feeling defeated and entrapped in life and anxiety symptoms were reduced after the intervention. Last but not the least, the positive affect of refugees increased as measured by self-determination, self-sufficiency, self-acceptance, and a sense of responsibility (i.e., the character trait of Self-Directedness).
  •  
15.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Personality and the Brain: Person-Centered Approaches
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Personality and Brain Disorders: Associations and Interventions. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319900650 ; , s. 3-24
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human personality has been defined as the dynamic organization, within an individual, of psychobiological systems that modulate adaptation to a changing environment (Cloninger, Svrakic, & Przybeck, 1993). In this Chapter, we briefly outline the ancestral lineage of human beings as five major transitions and then describe how human personality has evolved through three major systems of learning and memory in a long series of steps through evolution. The first one is the procedural system, which regulates different emotional responses such as anger, fear, disgust, and ambition, that is, the temperament dimensions of personality. The second system, the propositional system, is present in primates and helps the individual to be self-directed and cooperative in a social environment. The third system, the episodic system, exists only among humans and stands for humans’ capacity for self-awareness, which allows introspection and recollection of autobiographical memories. The second and third systems are responsible for the presence the character dimensions of personality, which can be defined as individual differences in values, goals and self-conscious emotions (e.g., hope, love, and faith). Importantly, character regulates the expression of temperament predispositions, so character is the regulator of well-being regardless of underlying temperament. But the person needs to learn to know and understand her whole being (i.e., temperament and character) to integrate them in order to promote resilience and well-being. Thus, we also present the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and also discuss how interactions between traits within the individual serve as a good description, measurement and base for dialogue in person-centered approaches.
  •  
16.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Resilience Profiles (Harm Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-directedness) among Swedish Clergy
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 31st Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Washington, D.C., USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Clergy experience a large number of stressors in their work. In this context, resilience in the face of adversity is the result of low Harm Avoidance, high Persistence and high Self-Directedness. We found that, compared to the general population, only one in four Swedish clergymen/women had this specific personality profile.
  •  
17.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Self-directedness
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Self-directedness (self-concept) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait involves a person’s sense of responsibility, hopeful purpose, self-acceptance, self-actualization, and resourcefulness (Cloninger, 2004).
  •  
18.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Self-transcendence
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Self-transcendence (concept of our participation in the world as a whole) is one of the three aspects of human character in Cloninger’s biopsychosociospiritual model of personality (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). This character trait is a measure of how well people identify themselves as an integral part of the universe as a whole and their experience of something elevated that goes beyond ourselves, that is, self-forgetfulness, transpersonal identification, spiritual acceptance, contemplation, idealism (Cloninger, 2004).
  •  
19.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Synergetic Effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body Interventions on Refugees’ Health
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We evaluated the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching and Mind-Body interventions (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on health among a sample of refugees living in Sweden. While each intervention increased well-being and reduced ill-being respectively, the combination had a wider biopsychosocial effect on health.
  •  
20.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: V. Zeigler-Hill & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319280998
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an instrument for personality assessment that was developed by C. Robert Cloninger to provide a comprehensive biopsychosocial model of personality as it develops within individuals (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993). It deconstructs personality into seven dimensions that vary widely in the general population, rather than focusing only on pathology or abnormal traits (Cloninger, 2004). Nevertheless, it was designed to be equally applicable to clinical populations without being stigmatizing or pathologizing. The TCI is based on a biopsychosocial model of complex interactions among genetic, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual constructs, rather than assuming that personality can be decomposed into independent dimensions (Cloninger & Cloninger, 2011; Cloninger & Garcia, 2015).
  •  
21.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • The Future of Personality Research and Applications: Some Latest Findings
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Personality and Brain Disorders: Associations and Interventions. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319900650 ; , s. 283-297
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human personality, although highly complex, is crucial to understand because it is the strongest predictor of our physical, mental, and social health as well as the actual cause of most mortality and chronic disease. However, despite the fact that earlier twin studies have found that the differences between people in personality are about 50% heritable, until recently only about 1% of this heritability has been explained by specific genes. Here we briefly outline current notions about the genetics of personality and also describe recent research that used novel and innovative person-centered methods to identify nearly all the genes for human personality. This international collaboration among 27 investigators at multiple sites comprised data from the Young Finns Study in Finland with independent replications in Germany and Korea (Zwir et al., 2018ab). In short, these results now make it possible to understand the basic mechanisms that influence our emotions as well as the way we can self-regulate our feelings, goals, and values in order to live healthy and satisfying lives. Thus, providing a foundation for a thorough understanding of the complex molecular and brain processes that regulate human health and well-being. In this line, we also present preliminary results of a recent pilot study, in which interventions targeting character development among Swedish young adults suggest improvements in well-being after six-months of Well-Being Coaching. Importantly, it is argued that character regulates the expression of temperament predispositions, so character is the regulator of well-being regardless of underlying temperament. But since as humans we are body, mind, and psyche at once (i.e., biopsychosocial in nature), the person needs to learn to know and understand her temperament and her character to integrate them in order to adapt intelligently to who she is and the changing circumstances in the world around her.
  •  
22.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Twins’ and Their Mothers’ Personality: Temperament and Character Clusters
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, May 25-28, Boston.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In a sample of twins and their mothers we found, independent of zygosity, two clusters based on differences in the children’s (in)ability to be cooperative and self-directed and her/his level of reward dependence, together with differences in the mother’s levels of cooperativeness, self-directedness, reward dependence, and harm avoidance.
  •  
23.
  • Granjard, Alexandre, et al. (författare)
  • Personality Among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • As expected, compared to the normal population, the unemployed population scored one standard deviation higher in Harm Avoidance and lower in Self-directedness. Additionally, the analyses of personality profiles showed that 84.70% were high in Harm Avoidance, 65.30% low in Self-directedness, 38.30% low in Cooperativeness, and 49.50% low in Self- transcendence.
  •  
24.
  • Granjard, Alexandre, et al. (författare)
  • Personality Profiles in a Sample of Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: The International Journal of Person Centered Medicine. - : University of Buckingham Press. - 2043-7730 .- 2043-7749. ; 9:4, s. 17-39
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Long-term unemployment is associated with psychiatric problems, higher risk of suicide, low levels of well-being, and high levels of burnout. In this context, among other factors such as sociodemographic status and IQ, specific personality traits are important for individuals’ chances to finding a job, getting hired, and retaining that job, as well as for coping with the mental health risks related to long-term unemployment. Thus, in order to use person-centered methods to promote public health and sustainable employment during the current and future challenges of the 21st century, an important research area is the mapping and understanding of personality profiles of individuals who are unemployed. Objectives: We mapped the personality traits and profiles in a sample of Swedish long-term unemployed (i.e., ≥ 6 months without work) in relation to a control group from the Swedish general population. Method: 245 long-term unemployed individuals (136 men and 157 women, range 18 to 60 years; M = 25.7; SD = 9.6) were recruited at the beginning of different well-being and employment projects in Blekinge, Sweden. The participants reported gender, age, and other basic demographics, as well as their personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We calculated the T-scores and percentiles for the personality traits using the Swedish normative data (N = 1,948) and clustered participants in different temperament (high/low novelty seeking: N/n, high/low harm avoidance: H/h, high/low reward dependence: R/r) and character profiles (high/low self-directedness: S/s, high/low cooperativeness: C/c, high/low self-transcendence: T/t). Results: Compared to the general population, the long-term unemployed were extremely higher in harm avoidance (> 1.5 standard deviation), moderately lower in persistence (> 0.5 standard deviation), extremely lower in self-directedness (> 2 standard deviations), and moderately lower in novelty seeking (> 0.5 standard deviation). That is, consistent with past research, our study shows that the personality of long-term unemployed is denoted by being pessimistic, fearful, easily fatigable, underachieving, blaming, helpless, and unfulfilled (i.e., high harm avoidance, low persistence, and low self-directedness), but also by being reserved and rigid (i.e., low novelty seeking). Furthermore, within the unemployed population, as much as 71.60% reported a methodical (nHr) or cautious profile (nHR), and as much as 64.00% reported an apathetic (sct) or a disorganized profile (scT). Moreover, the profile analyses allowed us to show that, within this unemployed population and in relation to each individual’s own profile, about 91.70% were high in harm avoidance, 98.60% were low in self-directedness, 64.00% were low in cooperativeness, and 44.40% low in self-transcendence. Conclusions: These results indicate a high predictive value by the TCI, especially regarding the specific basic health-related traits or abilities (i.e., self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) needed to cope with the risks related to unemployment. Specifically, long-term unemployed populations have temperament profiles that present difficulties for them to adapt to the circumstances of unemployment, but also finding, getting, and retaining a job and character profiles that diminish their possibilities to self-regulate the emotions derived from their temperament through self-directed choices that improve their health and all aspects of their lives. Hence, evidence-based interventions targeting stress reduction and the development of health-related traits or abilities (i.e., self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) are urgently needed.
  •  
25.
  • Granjard, Alexandre, et al. (författare)
  • Resilience Personality Profiles among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: PsyCh Journal. - : Wiley. - 2046-0252 .- 2046-0260. ; 10:4, s. 670-673
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of resilience personality profiles in a sample of Swedish long-term unemployed in relation to the general Swedish population. We found that only 1.50% (vs. 26% in the general population) in the long-term unemployed sample had a resilient personality profile, that is, low in harm avoidance (e.g., relaxed and optimistic), high in persistence (e.g., hardworking), and high in self-directedness (i.e., goal-oriented and resourceful).
  •  
26.
  • Granjard, Alexandre, et al. (författare)
  • Resilience Profiles Among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • A Resilient profile is low in Harm Avoidance (i.e., relaxed, confident, and optimistic) and high in Persistence (i.e., industrious, perseverant, and hard-working) and Self-Directedness (i.e., responsible, reliable, self-acceptant, goal- oriented, and resourceful). We found that, compared to the general population, only 1% of Swedish long-term unemployed had a resilient profile.
  •  
27.
  • Lewis, Cathryn M, et al. (författare)
  • Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part II : Schizophrenia
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 73:1, s. 34-48
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Schizophrenia is a common disorder with high heritability and a 10-fold increase in risk to siblings of probands. Replication has been inconsistent for reports of significant genetic linkage. To assess evidence for linkage across studies, rank-based genome scan meta-analysis (GSMA) was applied to data from 20 schizophrenia genome scans. Each marker for each scan was assigned to 1 of 120 30-cM bins, with the bins ranked by linkage scores (1 = most significant) and the ranks averaged across studies (R(avg)) and then weighted for sample size (N(sqrt)[affected casess]). A permutation test was used to compute the probability of observing, by chance, each bin's average rank (P(AvgRnk)) or of observing it for a bin with the same place (first, second, etc.) in the order of average ranks in each permutation (P(ord)). The GSMA produced significant genomewide evidence for linkage on chromosome 2q (PAvgRnk<.000417). Two aggregate criteria for linkage were also met (clusters of nominally significant P values that did not occur in 1,000 replicates of the entire data set with no linkage present): 12 consecutive bins with both P(AvgRnk) and P(ord)<.05, including regions of chromosomes 5q, 3p, 11q, 6p, 1q, 22q, 8p, 20q, and 14p, and 19 consecutive bins with P(ord)<.05, additionally including regions of chromosomes 16q, 18q, 10p, 15q, 6q, and 17q. There is greater consistency of linkage results across studies than has been previously recognized. The results suggest that some or all of these regions contain loci that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia in diverse populations.
  •  
28.
  • Lindskär, Erik, et al. (författare)
  • Health, Well-Being, and Ill-Being among Swedish Long-Term Unemployed
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In Study 1, 34% of Swedish long-term unemployed self-reported health levels in the lowest 15% of the normal population. In Study 2, compared to the normal population, Swedish long-term unemployed scored lower/higher in well-being/ill-being (e.g., 60% had anxiety scores above levels that might need psychiatric care).
  •  
29.
  • Mihailovic, Marko, et al. (författare)
  • The personality of newly graduated and employed nurses : Temperament and character profiles of Swedish nurses
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-142X. ; 4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: One of the challenges of the 21st century is the high turnover rate in the nursing profession due to burnout and mental illness. From a biopsychosocial perspective, an individual's personality is an important vulnerability-resilience factor that comprises four temperament traits (i.e., a person's emotional reactions) and three character traits (i.e., self-regulation systems). Indeed, different personality profiles are associated to different coping strategies and health outcomes. Objective: We investigated and mapped the temperament and character of Swedish newly graduated and employed nurses’ in relation to the Swedish general population and an age-matched sub-sample. Design: In this cross-sectional study, nurses self-reported their personality (Temperament and Character Inventory) at the beginning of their employment. Setting: The data collection was conducted at a hospital in the South of Sweden. Participants: A total of 118 newly graduated and employed nurses (Mage = 25.95±5.58) and 1,564 individuals from the Swedish general population participated in the study. Methods: We calculated T-scores and percentiles for all seven personality dimensions using the Swedish norms (N = 1,564). The profiles were calculated by combining high/low percentiles scores in three temperament dimensions (Novelty Seeking: N/n, Harm Avoidance: H/h, and Reward Dependence: R/r) and in the three character dimensions (Self-Directedness: S/s, Cooperativeness: C/c and Self-Transcendence: T/t). Results: Regarding T-scores, the nurses reported moderately lower Novelty Seeking (> 0.5 SD), slightly higher Harm-Avoidance (about 0.5 SD), moderately higher Persistence (> 0.5 SD) and Reward Dependence (> 0.5 SD), and extremely lower Self-Directedness (> 1 SD). The prevalence of the most common temperament profiles among the nurses (Swedish general population in brackets) were: 39.80% [10.90%] Cautious (nHR), 21.20% [10.90] Reliable (nhR), and 15.30% [16.50%] Methodical (nHr). The prevalence of the most common character profiles among the nurses were: 31.40% [4.90%] Dependent (sCt), 25.40% [14.40%] Apathetic (sct), and 19.50% [8.80%] Moody (sCT). Conclusions: The analyses of the personality profiles showed that High Novelty Seeking (79%), high Harm Avoidance (65%) high Reward Dependence (80%), low Self-Directedness (95%), and low Self-Transcendence (60%) were more prevalent among the newly graduated and employed nurses. This may partially explain newly graduated nurses’ difficulties at work and high turnover rate. After all, a well-developed character is of special importance when working with patients with serious and terminal illness or under large global crises, such as the current pandemic. Hence, both education at universities and development at work need to be person-centered to reduce stress levels and promote positive self-regulation strategies.
  •  
30.
  • Mihailovic, Marko, et al. (författare)
  • The Prevalence of Resilience Profiles (Harm Avoidance, Persistence, and Self-directedness) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: 32nd Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • About 26% of the Swedish population has a resilient personality profile: low Harm Avoidance (i.e., relaxed, confident, and optimistic), high Persistence (i.e., industrious, perseverant, and hard-working), and high Self-Directedness (i.e., responsible, reliable, self-acceptant, goal-oriented, and resourceful). However, only 4.70% of newly graduated nurses had this specific personality profile.
  •  
31.
  • Rapp-Ricciardi, Max, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • A Pilot Study on Character (Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence) among Swedish Newly Graduated Nurses
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 3rd Biennial International Convention of Psychological Science, Paris, France.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Character or an individual’s relation to the self (Self-Directedness) and others (Cooperativeness) and her participation in the world as a whole (Self-Transcendence) are important ingredients for well-being. Here we found that, compared to the general population, about 73% of Swedish newly graduated nurses were low in both Self-Directedness and Self-Transcendence.
  •  
32.
  • Schϋtz, Erica, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Character and Subjective Well-Being among Swedish Priests
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: 9th European Conference on Positive Psychology. Budapest, Hungary.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Helping professionals have a working environment characterized by time pressure, unexpected challenges, and emotional issues [1]. According to statistics from The Swedish Social Insurance Agency, priests run a greater risk of being ill and burning out, which might impede their care for others due to stress and mental fatigue. Previous research by Cloninger and colleagues [2-4] indicates that character maturity (i.e., high self-directedness, high cooperativeness and high self-transcendence) contributes to both resilience and well-being, because these aspects influence human experiences in different life domains, in turn, facilitating the basis and extent of positive human development (see also [5]). Aim: Our aim was to first compare Swedish priests to the general population, with regard to character traits, and then to investigate the relationship between character and both resilience and subjective well-being within the priest population. Method: 515 Swedish priests (267 females, 246 males, 2 unreported) self-reported personality (Temperament and Character Inventory), resilience (Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale), and subjective well-being (Satisfaction with Life Scale, Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and Harmony in Life scale). Character traits Percentiles were computed using the Swedish norms. The relationship between priests’ character and self-reported resilience and well-being was investigated by first clustering priests according to all possible combinations of high (self-directedness: S, cooperativeness: C and self-transcendence: T) and low (self-directedness: s, cooperativeness: c and self-transcendence: t) scores in the character traits, which generated eight different profiles. Secondly, we conducted paired t-tests to compare resilience and well-being between profiles that differed in one character trait, while controlling for the other two. Results: As a group, the priests had a character profile high-average in self-directedness (percentile = 62.3), high in cooperativeness (percentile = 75.5) and very high in self-transcendence (percentile = 88.4). However, there was substantial variation in character profiles within the priest population (e.g., 21% SCT “creative”, 19.2% sct downcast, 11.5% Sct “authoritarian”, 10.3% SCt “organized”, and 9.3% ScT “absolutist”). Moreover, independent of any combination, self-directedness had a direct positive relationship to resilience and all well-being measures. Nevertheless, both cooperativeness and self-transcendence were related to resilience and well-being in certain conditions, but not in others. For example, cooperativeness was negatively related to negative affect when self-directedness and self-transcendence was high, but positively related to negative affect when both were low. Conclusions: Swedish priests, as a group, seem to have a "creative" character profile, which means they are personally organized and also self-transcendent. The large variation in the group suggests, however, a heterogeneity that might have important implications for their institutional roles, and their needs. In addition, self-directedness, the character trait in which the priests scored the lowest, was the trait of greatest importance for their resilience and well-being. Finally, the relationship between cooperativeness and self-transcendence to both resilience and well-being depended on its coherence to the other two character traits.
  •  
33.
  • Schϋtz, Erica, 1977, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish Priests’ Character, Resilience and Subjective Well-Being
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: 30th APS Annual Convention. San Francisco, CA, USA: 24-27 May 2018.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Swedish priests, as a group, were high-average in self-directedness, high in cooperativeness, and high in self-transcendence. Self-directedness was associated to resilience and different measures of subjective well-being. Nevertheless, there was a large variation in character profiles that might have important implications for priests’ institutional roles and overall health.
  •  
34.
  • Zwir, Igor, et al. (författare)
  • Uncovering the complex genetics of human character
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 25:10, s. 2295-2312
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human personality is 30–60% heritable according to twin and adoption studies. Hundreds of genetic variants are expected to influence its complex development, but few have been identified. We used a machine learning method for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover complex genotypic–phenotypic networks and environmental interactions. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) measured the self-regulatory components of personality critical for health (i.e., the character traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence). In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified five clusters of people with distinct profiles of character traits regardless of genotype. Third, we found 42 SNP sets that identified 727 gene loci and were significantly associated with one or more of the character profiles. Each character profile was related to different SNP sets with distinct molecular processes and neuronal functions. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of 95% of the 42 SNP sets in healthy Korean and German samples, as well as their associations with character. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected for character in each sample (50 to 58%). We conclude that self-regulatory personality traits are strongly influenced by organized interactions among more than 700 genes despite variable cultures and environments. These gene sets modulate specific molecular processes in brain for intentional goal-setting, self-reflection, empathy, and episodic learning and memory.
  •  
35.
  • Zwir, Igor, et al. (författare)
  • Uncovering the complex genetics of human temperament
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 25:10, s. 2275-2294
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Experimental studies of learning suggest that human temperament may depend on the molecular mechanisms for associative conditioning, which are highly conserved in animals. The main genetic pathways for associative conditioning are known in experimental animals, but have not been identified in prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of human temperament. We used a data-driven machine learning method for GWAS to uncover the complex genotypic–phenotypic networks and environmental interactions related to human temperament. In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified 3 clusters of people with distinct temperament profiles measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory regardless of genotype. Third, we found 51 SNP sets that identified 736 gene loci and were significantly associated with temperament. The identified genes were enriched in pathways activated by associative conditioning in animals, including the ERK, PI3K, and PKC pathways. 74% of the identified genes were unique to a specific temperament profile. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of the 51 Finnish SNP sets in healthy Korean (90%) and German samples (89%), as well as their associations with temperament. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected in each sample (37–53%) despite variable cultures and environments. We conclude that human temperament is strongly influenced by more than 700 genes that modulate associative conditioning by molecular processes for synaptic plasticity and long-term memory.
  •  
36.
  • Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al. (författare)
  • The impact of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders on temperament, character, and personality development.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: The American Journal of Psychiatry. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; 163:7, s. 1239-1244
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The authors describe personality development and disorders in relation to symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders. METHOD: Consecutive adults referred for neuropsychiatric investigation (N=240) were assessed for current and lifetime ADHD and autism spectrum disorders and completed the Temperament and Character Inventory. In a subgroup of subjects (N=174), presence of axis II personality disorders was also assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II). RESULTS: Patients with ADHD reported high novelty seeking and high harm avoidance. Patients with autism spectrum disorders reported low novelty seeking, low reward dependence, and high harm avoidance. Character scores (self-directedness and cooperativeness) were extremely low among subjects with neuropsychiatric disorders, indicating a high overall prevalence of personality disorders, which was confirmed with the SCID-II. Cluster B personality disorders were more common in subjects with ADHD, while cluster A and C disorders were more common in those with autism spectrum disorders. The overlap between DSM-IV personality disorder categories was high, and they seem less clinically useful in this context. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD and autism spectrum disorders are associated with specific temperament configurations and an increased risk of personality disorders and deficits in character maturation.
  •  
37.
  • Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish normative data on personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: Comprehensive Psychiatry. - 0010-440X .- 1532-8384. ; 39:3, s. 122-128
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a self-report personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality, which accounts for both normal and abnormal variation in the two major components of personality, temperament and character. Normative data for the Swedish TCI based on a representative Swedish sample of 1,300 adults are presented, and the psychometric properties of the questionnaire are discussed. The structure of the Swedish version replicates the American version well for the means, distribution of scores, and relationships within the between scales and subscales. Further, the Swedish inventory had a reliable factor structure and test-retest performance. The results of this study confirm the theory of temperament and character as a seven-factor model of personality.
  •  
38.
  • Engström, Christer, et al. (författare)
  • Bipolar disorder. III : harm avoidance a risk factor for suicide attempts
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Bipolar Disorders. - Copenhagen : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 1398-5647 .- 1399-5618. ; 6:2, s. 130-138
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine whether personality, i.e. temperament and character influence suicide attempts in bipolar patients.Methods: Bipolar patients were recruited from lithium dispensaries. Temperament and character inventory (TCI) was administered to 100 euthymic bipolar patients and 100 controls.Results: Age of onset was significantly lower in patients with suicide attempts in the total bipolar group (I and II) and bipolar I patients compared with patients without suicide attempts. Bipolar (I and II) and bipolar I patients with suicide attempts were significantly higher in harm avoidance (HA) and reward dependence compared with patients without suicide attempts. Patients (I and II) with suicide attempts had significantly more anticipatory worry, fatigability and asthenia than patients without suicide attempts. Bipolar I patients with suicide attempts had significantly more fatigability and asthenia and were more dependent than patients without suicide attempts. HA was lowest in patients with no suicide attempts and no family history of suicide, higher in patients with family history of suicide or patients with suicide attempts, and significantly highest in patients with suicide attempts and family history of suicide. Patients with suicide attempts and family history of suicide had more anticipatory worry, fatigability and asthenia. Bipolar disorder was significantly correlated to HA and suicide attempts to HA and PS. Family history of suicide and gender were significantly correlated to suicide attempts.Conclusions: Age of onset, HA, PS, gender and family history of suicide had a moderate to very strong effect on suicide attempts in bipolar patients.
  •  
39.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • A Quantification of Agentic and Communal Values in Adolescents’ Life Narratives
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: 167th American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, New York, USA..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background Life stories emphasize the narrative and self-organizing aspects of human behaviors and complement personality traits in explaining human identity. In contrast to most research on narratives in which the analysis is restricted to the researcher’s subjective evaluations and interpretations, we used computational methods to quantitatively investigate the relationship between personality and narratives events. Meta-cognitive strategies and principles that guide agentic (self-directedness; e.g., being autonomous, responsible and having self-control), communal (cooperativeness; e.g., showing empathy, helping behavior, and social tolerance), and transcendental (self-transcendence; e.g., the sense of being part of the whole universe) behavior were of special interest. We also investigated which pronouns were most common in relation to personality constructs that were significantly related to the narratives. Method Personality was assessed among 79 adolescents at one point in time using the NEO Personality Inventory – Revised (NEO-PI-R) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Six months later, adolescents were asked to write down the most positive or the most negative event that had happened to them in the last three months. Adolescents were explicitly instructed to answer the following questions within their narratives: What happened? Who were involved? Why do you think it happened? How did you feel when it happened? How do you think the involved persons felt? The descriptions were quantified using semantic spaces, a computational method in which the Latent Semantic Analysis algorithm generates a semantic representation of the narratives. This representation was used to study whether it predicted the personality measures. Results Only Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were predicted by the semantic representation of the narratives. High levels of Self-directedness and Cooperativeness were associated with plural pronouns (e.g., us), whereas low levels were associated with singular pronouns (e.g., one-self, mine). Conclusions Agentic and communal values are involved when adolescents describe positive and negative life experiences.
  •  
40.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Affectivity in Bulgaria: Differences in Life Satisfaction, Temperament, and Character
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: The Affective Profiles Model - 20 Years of Research and Beyond. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 127-143
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The affective profiles model allows the comparison between diametrically different individuals, but also the comparison within individuals who differ in one affectivity dimension but that are similar in the other. This line of research indicates that individuals with different affective profiles regulate their emotions in distinct ways in order to adapt their stress levels and achieve greater subjective well-being. Nevertheless, even if some studies among North Americans and Swedes suggest that personality may play a key role in this process, the mechanism behind self-regulation within each profile is still poorly understood. Aims: We investigated differences in life satisfaction and personality traits (temperament and character) between individuals with distinct affective profiles in a population of Bulgarian adults. Method: The sample (see Angelova, Psychol Thought 13:127–145, 2020; Garcia et al., PeerJ 10:e13956, 2022) consisted of 443 individuals from Bulgaria (68.70% females) with a mean age of 34 years (SD = 15.05). Participants self-reported affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule), personality (Temperament and Character Inventory), and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale). Self-reported affect was used for affectivity profiling: self-fulfilling (high/low positive/negative affect), high affective (high/high positive/negative affect), low affective (low/low positive/negative affect), and self-destructive (low/high positive/negative affect). We conducted both variable-oriented (e.g., linear correlations, t-tests between diametrically different profiles) and person-oriented analysis (matched t-tests between profiles that differed in one affect dimension and were similar in the other). Results: Positive affect was positively related to Persistence, Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, Self-Transcendence, and life satisfaction (r between 0.27 to 0.56), but negatively to Harm Avoidance (r = −0.40). Conversely, negative affect was negatively related to Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, and life satisfaction (r between −0.25 to −0.47), but positive to Harm Avoidance (r = 0.42). The diametrical comparisons indicated that individuals with a self-fulfilling profile, compared to those with a self-destructive profile, reported lower scores in Harm Avoidance and higher scores in Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self-Directedness, Cooperativeness, Self-Transcendence, and life satisfaction. Additionally, individuals with a high affective profile, compared to individuals with a low affective profile, reported higher scores in Persistence, Self-Transcendence, and life satisfaction. The person-oriented analyses, however, showed that high positive affect was positively associated high Reward Dependence and Cooperativeness only when negative affect was high (high affective vs. self-destructive) and that high negative affect was negatively associated with Cooperativeness and positively associated with Self-Transcendence only when positive affect was low (self-destructive vs. low affective). Finally, life satisfaction was related to different personality traits for individuals with distinct profiles, the common denominator being high Self-Directedness. Conclusions: Besides replicating past studies regarding the relationship between personality and life satisfaction and affect, our study mapped the personality of individuals with different affective profiles throughout person-oriented analyses. This allowed us to understand more deeply the mechanisms behind self-regulation among individuals with distinct profiles. The development of some personality traits might influence a person’s affective profile only under certain conditions or only in conjunction with the development of character traits.
  •  
41.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Agentic, communal, and spiritual traits are related to the semantic representation of written narratives of positive and negative life events
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Psychology of Well-Being. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2211-1522. ; 5:8, s. 1-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: We used a computational method to quantitatively investigate the relationship between personality and written narratives of life events. Agentic (i.e., self- directedness), communal (i.e., cooperativeness), and spiritual (self-transcendence) traits were of special interest because they represent individual differences in intentional val- ues and goals, in contrast to temperament traits, which describe individual differences in automatic responses to emotional stimuli. We also investigated which pronouns were most common in relation to personality constructs that were significantly related to the narratives. Methods: Personality was assessed among 79 adolescents at one point in time using the NEO Personality Inventory—Revised (NEO-PI-R) and the temperament and char- acter inventory (TCI). Six months later, adolescents were asked to write down the most positive or the most negative event that had happened to them in the last 3 months. Adolescents were explicitly instructed to answer the following questions within their narratives: What happened? Who were involved? Why do you think it happened? How did you feel when it happened? How do you think the involved persons felt? The descriptions were quantified using a computational method in which the latent semantic analysis algorithm generates a semantic representation of the narratives. Results: Only self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence were related to the semantic representation of the narratives. Moreover, cooperativeness and self- transcendence were associated with less frequent usage of singular pronouns (e.g., me respectively mine). Conclusions: Agentic, communal, and spiritual traits are involved when adolescents describe positive and negative life experiences. Moreover, high levels of communal and spiritual traits are related to less self-focused narratives.
  •  
42.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Responsibility and Cooperativeness Are Constrained, Not Determined
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neurobiological determinism has characterized later decades’ scientific approaches to the notion of free will. Scientists suggest that legal responsibility should be adjusted accordingly. We measured the genetic and environmental effects behind self-reported Self-directedness and Cooperativeness in a nation-wide population-based adolescent twin study. In spite of substantial overall genetic and shared environmental effects on these character scores, individual outcomes in both monozygotic and dizygotic co-twins of probands reporting severe personality problems varied widely into the normal range. Hence, even when constrained by genetic and environmental adversity, self-experienced responsibility and cooperation are not simply genetically determined but, to some extent, malleable.
  •  
43.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Temperament and Character in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS): Comparison to the General Population, and Genetic Structure Analysis
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an on-going, large population-based longitudinal twin study. We aimed (1) to investigate the reliability of two different versions (125-items and 238-items) of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) used in the CATSS and the validity of extracting the short version from the long version, (2) to compare these personality dimensions between twins and adolescents from the general population, and (3) to investigate the genetic structure of Cloninger's model. Method Reliability and correlation analyses were conducted for both TCI versions, 2,714 CATSS-twins were compared to 631 adolescents from the general population, and the genetic structure was investigated through univariate genetic analyses, using a model-fitting approach with structural equation-modeling techniques based on same-sex twin pairs from the CATSS (423 monozygotic and 408 dizygotic pairs). Results The TCI scores from the short and long versions showed comparable reliability coefficients and were strongly correlated. Twins scored about half a standard deviation higher in the character scales. Three of the four temperament dimensions (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, and Persistence) had strong genetic and non-shared environmental effects, while Reward Dependence and the three character dimensions had moderate genetic effects, and both shared and non-shared environmental effects. Conclusions Twins showed higher scores in character dimensions compared to adolescents from the general population. At least among adolescents there is a shared environmental influence for all of the character dimensions, but only for one of the temperament dimensions (i.e., Reward Dependence). This specific finding regarding the existence of shared environmental factors behind the character dimensions in adolescence, together with earlier findings showing a small shared environmental effects on character among young adults and no shared environmental effects on character among adults, suggest that there is a shift in type of environmental influence from adolescence to adulthood regarding character.
  •  
44.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • Temperament and Character in Twin-Pairs Diagnosed with ADHD and ASD
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: 167th American Psychiatric Association Annual Meeting, New York, New York, USA..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Cloninger’s model of personality comprises four temperament (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence) and three character dimensions (Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence). These dimensions are associated to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Specific combinations of temperament dimensions are associated to each disorder, while Self-directedness and Cooperativeness are negatively related to both types of disorders. Nevertheless, low levels of autonomy, responsibility, and self-control (i.e., Self-directedness) and low levels of helpful behavior, empathy, and care for others (i.e., Cooperativeness) might as well be epiphenomena of the disorder. We used a twin-pair method to (1) examine the familiality of the seven personality dimensions, and (2) whether this could be related to the genetic vulnerability to develop ADHD and/or ASD. Method: Probands diagnosed with either ADHD (n = 74) or ASD (n = 21) (D-probands) and their co-twins (D-cotwin) were identified from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. The controls (C-probands) and their co-twins (C-cotwin) were 729 twin-pairs who do not reach diagnosis criteria. We used Pearson correlations between twins to analyze the relationship between personality dimensions among twin-pairs. By examining D-cotwins and C-cotwins who do not reach diagnosis criteria we disentangled a genetic relationship between personality traits and the disorder⎯the co-twin of twins diagnosed with a disorder who do not reach diagnosis criteria themselves, yet share at least 50% of their genes with the disordered twin, should differ in the character measures when compared with the non-diagnosed co-twins of healthy controls. Although the non-diagnosed D-cotwins did not express the phenotype for ADHD, they should have more ADHD vulnerability genes than individuals with no relation to a D-proband (i.e., C-cotwins). Results: All seven personality dimensions were significantly correlated across twin-pairs with coefficients ranging from .30 for Novelty Seeking to .51 for Cooperativeness. The non-diagnosed C-cotwins reported higher Self-directedness (t = 2.96, df = 737, p = .003) and lower Self-transcendence (t = -2.35, df = 737, p = .019) than the non-diagnosed D-cotwins. The mean scores of the non-diagnosed D-cotwins for these character traits were between those of the D-probands and the non-diagnosed C-cotwins. Suggesting that, at least these two scales, have trait-like characteristics related to familial vulnerability to ADHD. Self-directedness goes down, while Self-transcendence goes up in individuals diagnosed with ADHD. Conclusions: There is a weak/moderate effect size for Self-directedness and Self-transcendence in causation of ADHD and ASD. The combination of low Self-directedness and high Self-transcendence, for instance, predisposes to magical thinking in that imagination is not constrained by reality testing.
  •  
45.
  • Garcia, Danilo, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • The Genetic Structure of Cloninger's Psychobiological Model of Personality in Adolescence
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Cloninger’s psychobiological model is based on differences between procedural versus propositional learning, leading to the distinction between four temperament and three character dimensions. In contrast to Cloninger’s original theory, association studies and quantitative genetic studies have suggested at least equally (if not more) importance of genes and genetic effects behind characterdimensions as compared to temperament dimensions. We aimed to investigate the genetic structure of Cloninger’s model in a large population-based study group of adolescent twins to capture the developing personality. Methods: To understand which factors contributed to the seven TCI dimensions, we conducted univariate genetic analysis, using a model-fitting approach with structural equation-modeling techniques. Subjects: 831 monozygotic (MZ) or same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs aged 15 completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results: Three of the four temperament dimensions (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance; Persistence) showed genetic contributions and unique environmental effects, supporting the original theoretical assumption and previous studies. As predicted by theory, all three character dimensions could be referred to genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental factors, with a considerably lower degree of genetic determinance (see Table 1). Conclusions: In contrast to previously published findings, the results presented here support the robustness of the original TCI structure.
  •  
46.
  • Lester, Nigel, et al. (författare)
  • The genetic and environmental structure jof the character sub-skales of the temperament and character inventory in adolescence
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Annals of General Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1744-859X. ; 15:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The character higher order scales (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) in the temperament and character inventory are important general measures of health and well-being [Mens Sana Monograph 11:16-24 (2013)]. Recent research has found suggestive evidence of common environmental influence on the development of these character traits during adolescence. The present article expands earlier research by focusing on the internal consistency and the etiology of traits measured by the lower order sub-scales of the character traits in adolescence. METHODS: The twin modeling analysis of 423 monozygotic pairs and 408 same sex dizygotic pairs estimated additive genetics (A), common environmental (C), and non-shared environmental (E) influences on twin resemblance. All twins were part of the on-going longitudinal Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS). RESULTS: The twin modeling analysis suggested a common environmental contribution for two out of five self-directedness sub-scales (0.14 and 0.23), for three out of five cooperativeness sub-scales (0.07-0.17), and for all three self-transcendence sub-scales (0.10-0.12). CONCLUSION: The genetic structure at the level of the character lower order sub-scales in adolescents shows that the proportion of the shared environmental component varies in the trait of self-directedness and in the trait of cooperativeness, while it is relatively stable across the components of self-transcendence. The presence of this unique shared environmental effect in adolescence has implications for understanding the relative importance of interventions and treatment strategies aimed at promoting overall maturation of character, mental health, and well-being during this period of the life span.
  •  
47.
  • Lester, Nigel, et al. (författare)
  • The genetic and environmental structure of the character sub-scales of the temperament and character inventory in adolescence.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Annals of General Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1744-859X. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The character higher order scales (self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence) in the temperament and character inventory are important general measures of health and well-being [Mens Sana Monograph 11:16-24 (2013)]. Recent research has found suggestive evidence of common environmental influence on the development of these character traits during adolescence. The present article expands earlier research by focusing on the internal consistency and the etiology of traits measured by the lower order sub-scales of the character traits in adolescence.METHODS: The twin modeling analysis of 423 monozygotic pairs and 408 same sex dizygotic pairs estimated additive genetics (A), common environmental (C), and non-shared environmental (E) influences on twin resemblance. All twins were part of the on-going longitudinal Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS).RESULTS: The twin modeling analysis suggested a common environmental contribution for two out of five self-directedness sub-scales (0.14 and 0.23), for three out of five cooperativeness sub-scales (0.07-0.17), and for all three self-transcendence sub-scales (0.10-0.12).CONCLUSION: The genetic structure at the level of the character lower order sub-scales in adolescents shows that the proportion of the shared environmental component varies in the trait of self-directedness and in the trait of cooperativeness, while it is relatively stable across the components of self-transcendence. The presence of this unique shared environmental effect in adolescence has implications for understanding the relative importance of interventions and treatment strategies aimed at promoting overall maturation of character, mental health, and well-being during this period of the life span.
  •  
48.
  • Oreland, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Personality as an intermediate phenotype for genetic dissection of alcohol use disorder.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 125:1, s. 107-130
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Genetic and environmental interactive influences on predisposition to develop alcohol use disorder (AUD) account for the high heterogeneity among AUD patients and make research on the risk and resiliency factors complicated. Several attempts have been made to identify the genetic basis of AUD; however, only few genetic polymorphisms have consistently been associated with AUD. Intermediate phenotypes are expected to be in-between proxies of basic neuronal biological processes and nosological symptoms of AUD. Personality is likely to be a top candidate intermediate phenotype for the dissection of the genetic underpinnings of different subtypes of AUD. To date, 38 studies have investigated personality traits, commonly assessed by the Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) or Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), in relation to polymorphisms of candidate genes of neurotransmitter systems in alcohol-dependent patients. Particular attention has been given to the functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), however, leading to contradictory results, whereas results with polymorphisms in other candidate monoaminergic genes (e.g., tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin receptors, monoamine oxidases, dopamine receptors and transporter) are sparse. Only one genome-wide association study has been performed so far and identified the ABLIM1 gene of relevance for novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence in alcohol-dependent patients. Studies investigating genetic factors together with personality could help to define more homogenous subgroups of AUD patients and facilitate treatment strategies. This review also urges the scientific community to combine genetic data with psychobiological and environmental data to further dissect the link between personality and AUD.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-48 av 48
Typ av publikation
konferensbidrag (22)
tidskriftsartikel (17)
bokkapitel (8)
forskningsöversikt (1)
Typ av innehåll
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (25)
refereegranskat (23)
Författare/redaktör
Cloninger, C. Robert (46)
Garcia, Danilo, 1973 (40)
Cloninger, Kevin M. (32)
Lester, Nigel (22)
Lindskär, Erik (19)
Anckarsäter, Henrik, ... (13)
visa fler...
Nima, Ali Al (13)
Rosenberg, Patricia, ... (13)
Granjard, Alexandre (11)
Amato, Clara (9)
Sikström, Sverker (8)
Lundström, Sebastian (6)
Mihailovic, Marko (6)
Rapp-Ricciardi, Max, ... (6)
Nilsson, Thomas, 195 ... (5)
Brändström, Sven (5)
Råstam, Maria, 1948 (4)
Kerekes, Nora, 1969- (4)
Kullberg, Jonas (4)
Seppälä, Ilkka (3)
Raitoharju, Emma (3)
Kähönen, Mika (3)
Lehtimäki, Terho (3)
Garcia, Danilo (3)
Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pek ... (3)
Raitakari, Olli (3)
Rujescu, Dan (3)
Postolache, Teodor T (3)
Muszynski, Alinda (3)
del Val, Coral (3)
Zwir, Igor (3)
Giegling, Ina (3)
Rozsa, Sandor (3)
Keltikangas-Järvinen ... (3)
Carleheden Ottosson, ... (3)
Saljunovic, Asmir (3)
Sung, Joohon (3)
Archer, Trevor, 1949 (2)
Fagerström, Cecilia (2)
Sigvardsson, Sören (2)
Brändström, Sven, 19 ... (2)
Rosenberg, Patricia (2)
Kullving, Marie (2)
Pulkki-Råback, Laura (2)
Lucchese, Franco (2)
Schϋtz, Erica, 1977 (2)
Nordin, Kristina (2)
Jones, Jeremy (2)
Somp, Caroline (2)
Jacobsson, Christian ... (2)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Göteborgs universitet (42)
Lunds universitet (7)
Linköpings universitet (5)
Umeå universitet (2)
Uppsala universitet (2)
Högskolan Väst (1)
visa fler...
Mälardalens universitet (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (48)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Samhällsvetenskap (41)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (30)
Naturvetenskap (3)
Humaniora (3)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy