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1.
  • 2019
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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2.
  • Bentham, James, et al. (författare)
  • A century of trends in adult human height
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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3.
  • Bentham, James, et al. (författare)
  • A century of trends in adult human height
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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4.
  • Lee, Jae Young, et al. (författare)
  • Predicted temperature-increase-induced global health burden and its regional variability
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 131
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An increase in the global health burden of temperature was projected for 459 locations in 28 countries worldwide under four representative concentration pathway scenarios until 2099. We determined that the amount of temperature increase for each 100 ppm increase in global CO2 concentrations is nearly constant, regardless of climate scenarios. The overall average temperature increase during 2010-2099 is largest in Canada (1.16 °C/100 ppm) and Finland (1.14 °C/100 ppm), while it is smallest in Ireland (0.62 °C/100 ppm) and Argentina (0.63 °C/100 ppm). In addition, for each 1 °C temperature increase, the amount of excess mortality is increased largely in tropical countries such as Vietnam (10.34%p/°C) and the Philippines (8.18%p/°C), while it is decreased in Ireland (-0.92%p/°C) and Australia (-0.32%p/°C). To understand the regional variability in temperature increase and mortality, we performed a regression-based modeling. We observed that the projected temperature increase is highly correlated with daily temperature range at the location and vulnerability to temperature increase is affected by health expenditure, and proportions of obese and elderly population.
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5.
  • Lee, Whanhee, et al. (författare)
  • Mortality burden of diurnal temperature range and its temporal changes : a multi-country study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 110, s. 123-130
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although diurnal temperature range (DTR) is a key index of climate change, few studies have reported the health burden of DTR and its temporal changes at a multi-country scale. Therefore, we assessed the attributable risk fraction of DTR on mortality and its temporal variations in a multi-country data set. We collected time-series data covering mortality and weather variables from 308 cities in 10 countries from 1972 to 2013. The temporal change in DTR-related mortality was estimated for each city with a time-varying distributed lag model. Estimates for each city were pooled using a multivariate meta-analysis. The results showed that the attributable fraction of total mortality to DTR was 2.5% (95% eCI: 2.3-2.7%) over the entire study period. In all countries, the attributable fraction increased from 2.4% (2.1-2.7%) to 2.7% (2.4-2.9%) between the first and last study years. This study found that DTR has significantly contributed to mortality in all the countries studied, and this attributable fraction has significantly increased over time in the USA, the UK, Spain, and South Korea. Therefore, because the health burden of DTR is not likely to reduce in the near future, countermeasures are needed to alleviate its impact on human health.
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6.
  • Moura, Camilla C G, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of human polymorphonuclear behavior on textured titanium and calcium-phosphate coated surfaces
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Biomedical Materials. - : Bibliopolis, Edizioni di Filosofia e Scienze. - 1748-6041 .- 1748-605X. ; 8:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Few studies have evaluated the effects of titanium (Ti) surface modifications on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Human PMNs' viability and release of key mediators-such as IL1β, IL6, TNFα, IL12, IL10, IL4, TGFβ1, IL8, IP-10, and Mig-were evaluated on three different Ti surface treatments: (1) machined Ti; (2) alumina-blasted and acid-etched Ti (AB/AE); and (3) calcium phosphate coating of 300-500 nm by ion beam onto the AB/AE Ti surface (CaP). A polystyrene surface was used as a negative control. The PMNs were purified from whole human blood and cultured for 6 h. Cell viability was determined by flow cytometry, and the supernatant was evaluated to determine the levels of cytokines and chemokines. Results showed that the percentage of viable cells was significantly lower on the CaP surface compared to the control (p < 0.05) relative to the other groups. No differences in the levels of IL8, MIG, and IP10 were detected between groups. Significantly higher levels of IL1β (p = 0.046) and TNFα (p = 0.016) were detected for the CaP surfaces compared to AB/AE surface only. The levels of IL4, IL10, and TGFβ1 secreted from the PMNs in the CaP group were significantly lower than in the control and machined groups (p < 0.05) that were statistically comparable to AB/AE. Overall, the addition of a thin CaP coating to the AB/AE Ti surface influenced the secretion profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines due to the higher release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β and TNFα) on these surfaces.
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7.
  • Moura, Camilla G, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of osteogenic cell culture and osteogenic/peripheral blood mononuclear human cell co-culture on modified titanium surfaces
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Biomedical Materials. - : Bibliopolis, Edizioni di Filosofia e Scienze. - 1748-6041 .- 1748-605X. ; 8:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study aimed to determine the effect of a bioactive ceramic coating on titanium in the nanothickness range on human osteogenic cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and on osteogenic cells co-cultured with PBMC without exogenous stimuli. Cell viability, proliferation, adhesion, cytokine release (IL1β, TGFβ1, IL10 and IL17) and intracellular stain for osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase were assessed. Morphologic evaluation showed smaller and less spread cell aspects in co-culture relative to osteogenic cell culture. Cell viability, proliferation and adhesion kinetics were differently influenced by surface texture/chemistry in culture versus co-culture. Cytokine release was also influenced by the interaction between mononuclear and osteogenic cells (mediators released by mononuclear cells acted on osteogenic cells and vice versa). In general, 'multi-cell type' interactions played a more remarkable role than the surface roughness or chemistry utilized on the in vitro cellular events related to initial stages of bone formation.
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8.
  • Tavares, Julia, et al. (författare)
  • Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 617:7959, s. 111-117
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Tropical forests face increasing climate risk(1,2), yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, ?(50)) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk(3-5), little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters ?(50) and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both ?(50) and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM(50 )forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon(6,7), with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.
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9.
  • Zambuzzi, Willian F., et al. (författare)
  • Nanometer Scale Titanium Surface Texturing Are Detected by Signaling Pathways Involving Transient FAK and Src Activations
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: It is known that physico/chemical alterations on biomaterial surfaces have the capability to modulate cellular behavior, affecting early tissue repair. Such surface modifications are aimed to improve early healing response and, clinically, offer the possibility to shorten the time from implant placement to functional loading. Since FAK and Src are intracellular proteins able to predict the quality of osteoblast adhesion, this study evaluated the osteoblast behavior in response to nanometer scale titanium surface texturing by monitoring FAK and Src phosphorylations. Methodology: Four engineered titanium surfaces were used for the study: machined (M), dual acid-etched (DAA), resorbable media microblasted and acid-etched (MBAA), and acid-etch microblasted (AAMB). Surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, interferometry, atomic force microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Thereafter, those 4 samples were used to evaluate their cytotoxicity and interference on FAK and Src phosphorylations. Both Src and FAK were investigated by using specific antibody against specific phosphorylation sites. Principal Findings: The results showed that both FAK and Src activations were differently modulated as a function of titanium surfaces physico/chemical configuration and protein adsorption. Conclusions: It can be suggested that signaling pathways involving both FAK and Src could provide biomarkers to predict osteoblast adhesion onto different surfaces.
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10.
  • Anchieta, Rodolfo B., et al. (författare)
  • Mechanical Property Assessment of Bone Healing around a Titanium-Zirconium Alloy Dental Implant
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 16:6, s. 913-919
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BackgroundIt has been reported that titanium-zirconium alloy with 13-17% zirconium (TiZr1317) implants show higher biomechanical stability and bone area percentage relative to commercially pure titanium (cpTi) grade 4 fixtures. PurposeThis study aimed to determine whether the higher stability for TiZr1317 implants is associated with higher mechanical properties of remodeling bone in the areas around the implants. Materials and MethodsThis study utilized 36 implants (n=18: TiZr1317, n=18: cpTi), which were placed in the healed ridges of the mandibular premolar and first molar of 12 mini pigs (n=3 implants/animal). After 4 weeks in vivo, the samples were retrieved, and resin-embedded histologic sections of approximately 100m in thickness were prepared. In order to determine the nanomechanical properties, nanoindentation (n=30 tests/specimen) was performed on the bone tissue of the sections under wet conditions with maximum load of 300N (loading rate: 60N/s). ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H) for the TiZr1317 group were 2.73 +/- 0.50GPa and 0.116 +/- 0.017GPa, respectively. For the cpTi group, values were 2.68 +/- 0.51GPa and 0.110 +/- 0.017GPa for E and H, respectively. Although slightly higher mechanical properties values were observed for the TiZr1317 implants relative to the cpTi for both elastic modulus and hardness, these differences were not significant (E=p>0.75; H=p>0.59). ConclusionsThe titanium-zirconium alloy used in this study presented similar degrees of nanomechanical properties to that of the cpTi implants.
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11.
  • Atesok, Kivanc, et al. (författare)
  • Multilayer scaffolds in orthopaedic tissue engineering.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7347. ; 24:7, s. 2365-2373
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The purpose of this study was to summarize the recent developments in the field of tissue engineering as they relate to multilayer scaffold designs in musculoskeletal regeneration.
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12.
  • Bornert, Fabien, et al. (författare)
  • Comparative barrier membrane degradation over time : Pericardium versus dermal membranes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. - : Wiley. - 2057-4347. ; 7:5, s. 711-718
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The effectiveness of GBR procedures for the reconstruction of periodontal defects has been well documented. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the degradation kinetics and biocompatibility of two resorbable collagen membranes in conjunction with a bovine xenograft material. Materials and Methods: Lower premolars and first molars were extracted from 18 male Yucatan minipigs. After 4 months of healing, standardized semi-saddle defects were created (12 mm × 8 mm × 8 mm [l˙̇ × W˙ × d]), with 10 mm between adjacent defects. The defects were filled with a bovine xenograft and covered with a either the bilayer collagen membrane (control) or the porcine pericardium-derived collagen membrane (test). Histological analysis was performed after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of healing and the amount of residual membrane evaluated. Non-inferiority was calculated using the Brunner-Langer mixed regression model. Results: Histological analysis indicated the presence of residual membrane in both groups at all time points, with significant degradation noted in both groups at 12 weeks compared to 4 weeks (p =.017). No significant difference in ranked residual membrane scores between the control and test membranes was detected at any time point. Conclusions: The pericardium-derived membrane was shown to be statistically non-inferior to the control membrane with respect to resorption kinetics and barrier function when utilized for guided bone regeneration in semi-saddle defects in minipigs. Further evaluation is necessary in the clinical setting.
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13.
  • Bougas, Kostas, et al. (författare)
  • In vivo evaluation of a novel implant coating agent : laminin-1.
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : Wiley Periodicals. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 16:5, s. 728-35
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of implant coating with laminin-1 on the early stages of osseointegration in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Turned titanium implants were coated with the osteoprogenitor-stimulating protein, laminin-1 (TL). Their osteogenic performance was assessed with removal torque, histomorphometry, and nanoindentation in a rabbit model after 2 and 4 weeks. The performance of the test implants was compared with turned control implants (T), alkali- and heat-treated implants (AH), and AH implants coated with laminin-1.RESULTS: After 2 weeks, TL demonstrated significantly higher removal torque as compared with T and equivalent to AH. Bone area was significantly higher for the test surface after 4 weeks, while no significant changes were detected on the micromechanical properties of the surrounding bone.CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, our results suggest a great potential for laminin-1 as a coating agent. A turned implant surface coated with laminin-1 could enhance osseointegration comparable with a bioactive implant surface while keeping the surface smooth.
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14.
  • Bucci-Sabattini, Vincenzo, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of titanium implant surface nanoroughness and calcium phosphate low impregnation on bone cell activity in vitro
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. - 1079-2104. ; 109:2, s. 217-224
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background and objective In the field of bone implant surfaces, the effects of nanoscale modifications have received significant attention. In the present study, bone cell activity on 2 implant surfaces with similar microtopography but distinct chemistry and nanotopography (sandblasted/acid-etched surface as control group, and calcium phosphate (CaP) low impregnated surface (Ossean) as test group, both from Intra-Lock, Boca Raton, FL) were evaluated.
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15.
  • Campos, Felipe E. B., et al. (författare)
  • Are insertion torque and early osseointegration proportional? : A histologicevaluation
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 26:11, s. 1256-1260
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectivesThe objective of this histologic study was to determine the effect of three drilling protocols (oversized, intermediate, and undersized) on biologic responses to a single implant type at early healing periods (2weeks in vivo) in a beagle dog model. Materials and methodsTen beagle dogs were acquired and subjected to surgeries in the tibia 2weeks before euthanasia. During surgery, each dog received three Unitite implants, 4mm in diameter by 10mm in length, in bone sites drilled to 3.5, 3.75, and 4.0mm in final diameter. The insertion torque was recorded during surgery, and bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and bone area fraction occupied (BAFO) measured from the histology. Each outcome measure was compared between treatment conditions with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance was set to 95%. ResultsInsertion torque increased as an inverse function of drilling diameter, as indicated by significant differences in torque levels between each pair of conditions (P=0.005). BIC and BAFO levels were highest and statistically similar in the recommended and undersized conditions and significantly reduced in the oversized condition (P<0.01). ConclusionsReduced drilling dimensions resulted in increased insertion torque (primary stability). While BIC and BAFO were maximized when drilling the recommended diameter hole, only the oversized hole resulted in evidence of statistically reduced integration.
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16.
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17.
  • Coelho, Paulo G, et al. (författare)
  • Alveolar buccal bone maintenance after immediate implantation with a surgical flap approach: a study in dogs.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry. - 0198-7569. ; 31:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study evaluated buccal bone maintenance after implantation with a surgical flap approach immediately following tooth extraction in a dog model. Mandibular premolars of six dogs were extracted, and threaded implants of 4-mm diameter and 8-mm length with as-machined and dual acid-etched surfaces were placed through balanced procedures in the distal root extraction sockets with a full-thickness flap design. Submerged healing was allowed for 4 weeks, and following euthanization, bone-to-implant contact and buccal and lingual bone loss were evaluated. None of the parameters evaluated were indicative of an effect of implant surface in hindering bone loss around immediately placed implants. (Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2011;31:e80-e86.).
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18.
  • Coelho, Paulo G, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of Si addition on Ca- and P-impregnated implant surfaces with nanometer-scale roughness: an experimental study in dogs.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Clinical oral implants research. - : Wiley. - 1600-0501 .- 0905-7161.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To investigate the effect of Si addition on a nanometer-scale roughness Ca and P implant surfaces in a canine tibia model by biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluations. Material and methods: The implant surfaces comprised a resorbable media CaP microblasted (control) and a CaP resorbable media+silica-boost microblasted (experimental) surfaces. Surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical interferometry (IFM) down to the nanometric level. The animal model involved the bilateral placement of control (n=24) and experimental surface (n=24) implants along the proximal tibiae of six dogs, remaining in vivo for 2 or 4 weeks. After euthanization, half of the specimens were torqued-to-interface failure, and the other half was subjected to histomorphologic and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) evaluation. Torque and BIC statistical evaluation was performed by the Friedman test at 95% level of significance, and comparisons between groups was performed by the Dunn test. Results: IFM and SEM observations depicted comparable roughness parameters for both implant surfaces on the micrometer and nanometer scales. XPS analysis revealed similar chemical composition, except for the addition of Si on the experimental group. Torque-to-interface failure and BIC mean values showed no significant differences (P=0.25 and 0.51, respectively) at both 2- and 4-week evaluation points for experimental and control groups. Early bone healing histomorphologic events were similar between groups. Conclusions: The experimental surface resulted in not significantly different biomechanical fixation and BIC relative to control. Both surfaces were biocompatible and osseoconductive. To cite this article: Coelho PG, Granato R, Marin C, Jimbo R, Lin S, Witek L, Suzuki M, Bonfante EA. Effect of Si addition on Ca- and P-impregnated implant surfaces with nanometer-scale roughness: an experimental study in dogs. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000-000. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02150.x.
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19.
  • Coelho, Paulo G., et al. (författare)
  • Enhanced Bone Bonding to Nanotextured Implant Surfaces at a Short Healing Period : A Biomechanical Tensile Testing in the Rat Femur
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Implant Dentistry. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1056-6163 .- 1538-2982. ; 25:3, s. 322-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: To compare the bone bonding capabilities of 2 different surface treatments at an early healing period. Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) custom-made rectangular plates (1.4 x 2.4 x 4 mm) were either dual acid etched (Ti6Al4V-DAE) or nanotextured proprietary processed Ti6Al4V-Ossean (intraLock International, Boca Raton, FL). Materials and Methods: Implants were placed in the distal femurs of 10 Wistar rats and were allowed to heal for 9 days. After euthanasia, the bone immediately proximal and distal to the implant was removed to test the bone bonding force with a universal testing machine. Ultrastructure of the bone/implant interface was assessed by scanning electron microscopy Results: Ti6Al4V-NTB samples exhibited significantly greater bond strength than Ti6Al4V-DAE samples. Morphologically, the Ti6Al4V-Ossean surfaces presented intimate interaction with bone, whereas little interaction between the Ti6Al4V-DAE surface and bone was observed Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a significant increase in bone bonding for the Ossean surface, which is suggested to be the outcome of the nanotexturing.
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20.
  • Coelho, Paulo G., et al. (författare)
  • Microrobotized blasting improves the bone-to-textured implant response. A preclinical in vivo biomechanical study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : Elsevier. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 56, s. 175-182
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study evaluated the effect of microrobotized blasting of titanium endosteal implants relative to their manually blasted counterparts. Two different implant systems were utilized presenting two different implant surfaces. Control surfaces (Manual) were fabricated by manually grit blasting the implant surfaces while experimental surfaces (Microblasted) were fabricated through a microrobotized system that provided a one pass grit blasting routine. Both surfaces were created with the same similar to 50 gm average particle size alumina powder at similar to 310 KPa. Surfaces were then etched with 37% HCl for 20 min, washed, and packaged through standard industry procedures. The surfaces were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical interferometry, and were then placed in a beagle dog radius model remaining in vivo for 3 and 6 weeks. The implant removal torque was recorded and statistical analysis evaluated implant system and surface type torque levels as a function of time in vivo. Histologic sections were qualitatively evaluated for tissue response. Electron microscopy depicted textured surfaces for both manual and microblasted surfaces. Optical interferometry showed significantly higher S-a, S-q, values for the microblasted surface and no significant difference for S-ds and S-dr values between surfaces. In vivo results depicted that statistically significant gains in biomechanical fixation were obtained for both implant systems tested at 6 weeks in vivo, while only one system presented significant biomechanical gain at 3 weeks. Histologic sections showed qualitative higher amounts of new bone forming around microblasted implants relative to the manually blasted group. Microrobotized blasting resulted in higher biomechanical fixation of endosteal dental implants and should be considered as an alternative for impant surface manufacturing.
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21.
  • Coelho, Paulo G., et al. (författare)
  • Nanometer-scale features on micrometer-scale surface texturing : A bone histological, gene expression, and nanomechanical study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Bone. - : Elsevier. - 8756-3282 .- 1873-2763. ; 65, s. 25-32
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Micro- and nanoscale surface modifications have been the focus of multiple studies in the pursuit of accelerating bone apposition or osseointegration at the implant surface. Here, we evaluated histological and nanomechanical properties, and gene expression, for a microblasted surface presenting nanometer-scale texture within a micrometer-scale texture (MB) (Ossean (TM) Surface, Intra-Lock International, Boca Raton, FL) versus a dual-acid etched surface presenting texture at the micrometer-scale only (AA), in a rodent femur model for 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks in vivo. Following animal sacrifice, samples were evaluated in terms of histomorphometry, biomechanical properties through nanoindentation, and gene expression by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Although the histomorphometric, and gene expression analysis results were not significantly different between MB and AA at 4 and 8 weeks, significant differences were seen at 1 and 2 weeks. The expression of the genes encoding collagen type I (COL-1), and osteopontin (OPN) was significantly higher for MB than for AA at 1 week, indicating up-regulated osteoprogenitor and osteoblast differentiation. At 2 weeks, significantly up-regulated expression of the genes for COL-1, runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osterix, and osteocalcin (OCN) indicated progressive mineralization in newly formed bone. The nanomechanical properties tested by the nanoindentation presented significantly higher-rank hardness and elastic modulus for the MB compared to AA at all time points tested. In conclusion, the nanotopographical featured surfaces presented an overall higher host-to-implant response compared to the microtextured only surfaces. The statistical differences observed in some of the osteogenic gene expression between the two groups may shed some insight into the role of surface texture and its extent in the observed bone healing mechanisms. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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22.
  • Coelho, Paulo G., et al. (författare)
  • Osseointegration : hierarchical designing encompassing the macrometer, micrometer, and nanometer length scales
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Dental Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0109-5641 .- 1879-0097. ; 31:1, s. 37-52
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. Osseointegration has been a proven concept in implant dentistry and orthopedics for decades. Substantial efforts for engineering implants for reduced treatment time frames have focused on micrometer and most recently on nanometer length scale alterations with negligible attention devoted to the effect of both macrometer design alterations and surgical instrumentation on osseointegration. This manuscript revisits osseointegration addressing the individual and combined role of alterations on the macrometer, micrometer, and nanometer length scales on the basis of cell culture, preclinical in vivo studies, and clinical evidence. Methods. A critical appraisal of the literature was performed regarding the impact of dental implant designing on osseointegration. Results from studies with different methodological approaches and the commonly observed inconsistencies are discussed. Results. It is a consensus that implant surface topographical and chemical alterations can hasten osseointegration. However, the tailored combination between multiple length scale design parameters that provides maximal host response is yet to be determined. Signcance. In spite of the overabundant literature on osseointegration, a proportional inconsistency in findings hitherto encountered warrants a call for appropriate multivariable study designing to ensure that adequate data collection will enable osseointegration maximization and/or optimization, which will possibly lead to the engineering of endosteal implant designs that can be immediately placed/loaded regardless of patient dependent conditions.
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23.
  • Coelho, Paulo G., et al. (författare)
  • Osseointegration of metallic devices : Current trends based on implant hardware design
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. - : Elsevier. - 0003-9861 .- 1096-0384. ; 561, s. 99-108
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Osseointegration of metallic devices has been one of the most successful treatments in rehabilitative dentistry and medicine over the past five decades. While highly successful, the quest for designing surgical instrumentation and associated implantable devices that hastens osseointegration has been perpetual and has often been approached as single variable preclinical investigations. The present manuscript presents how the interplay between surgical instrumentation and device macrogeometry not only plays a key role on both early and delayed stages of osseointegration, but may also be key in how efficient smaller length scale designing (at the micrometer and nanometer scale levels) may be in hastening early stages of osseointegration. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  •  
24.
  • Coelho, Paulo G., et al. (författare)
  • Osseointegration of Plateau Root Form Implants : Unique Healing Pathway Leading to Haversian-Like Long-Term Morphology
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Engineering Mineralized and Load Bearing Tissue. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319223452 - 9783319223445 ; , s. 111-128
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Endosteal dental implants have been utilized as anchors for dental and orthopedic rehabilitations for decades with one of the highest treatment success rates in medicine. Such success is due to the phenomenon of osseointegration where after the implant surgical placement, bone healing results into an intimate contact between bone and implant surface. While osseointegration is an established phenomenon, the route which osseointegration occurs around endosteal implants is related to various implant design factors including surgical instrumentation and implant macro, micro, and nanometer scale geometry. In an implant system where void spaces (healing chambers) are present between the implant and bone immediately after placement, its inherent bone healing pathway results in unique opportunities to accelerate the osseointegration phenomenon at the short-term and its maintenance on the long-term through a haversian-like bone morphology and mechanical properties.
  •  
25.
  • Coelho, Paulo G., et al. (författare)
  • Revisiting the Role of Implant Design and Surgical Instrumentation on Osseointegration
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Implant Aesthetics. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319507040 - 9783319507064 ; , s. 43-56
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Osseointegration of metallic devices has shown to be successful in several biomedical fields. Despite the high success rates, continuous efforts to reduce osseointegration time have been marked by investigations considering a limited number of variables. Recent research has pointed that the interplay between surgical instrumentation and device macrogeometry not only plays a key role on both early and delayed stages of osseointegration but may also be key in how efficient smaller length scale designing (at the micro- and nanogeometrical levels) may be in hastening early stages of osseointegration. The present chapter focuses on how the different metallic device design length scales’ interplay (macro, micro, and nano) affects the bone response and how its understanding may affect the next generation of metallic device designing for osseointegration.
  •  
26.
  • Coelho, Paulo G., et al. (författare)
  • The in vivo effect of P-15 coating on early osseointegration
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 102:3, s. 430-440
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanically and morphologically the effect of a specific peptide sequence P-15, when incorporated into implant surfaces. Three types of implants were used for the study: Group A: commercially pure titanium implant (blasted and acid etched) + electrochemical thin calcium phosphate deposition, Group B: commercially pure titanium implant (blasted and acid etched) + electrochemical thin calcium phosphate deposition + P-15 incorporation, and as control, Group C: commercially pure titanium implant (blasted and acid etched). After a topographical characterization, transcortical osteotomies were made, and all implant groups (102 implants per group) were randomly placed bilaterally in the tibiae of adult beagle dogs (n = 24). At, 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-surgery, the animals were sacrificed and the samples were retrieved for removal torque tests, for nano indentation, and for histomorphometrical analysis. The results (mean +/- 95% CI) showed that Group B (34.4 +/- 8.7%) presented statistically higher bone-to-implant contact than the other groups (A = 23.9 +/- 7.8%; C = 21.7 +/- 8.3%) at 1 week, indicating an enhanced osteogenesis due to the peptide incorporation. The results suggested that the incorporation of P-15 to implant surfaces increased its bioactivity and the effects were notable especially in the early stages of the healing process. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 430-440, 2014.
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27.
  • Cooper, Declan L.M., et al. (författare)
  • Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7996, s. 728-734
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations 1–6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories 7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.
  •  
28.
  • Cuellar, Jason M., et al. (författare)
  • The Effects of Amicar and TXA on Lumbar Spine Fusion in an Animal Model
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Spine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0362-2436 .- 1528-1159. ; 39:19, s. E1132-E1137
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Study Design. Animal model. Objective. To determine whether aminocaproic acid (Amicar) and tranexamic acid (TXA) inhibit spine fusion volume. Summary of Background Data. Amicar and TXA are antifibrinolytics used to reduce perioperative bleeding. Prior in vitro data showed that antifibrinolytics reduce osteoblast bone mineralization. This study tested whether antifibrinolytics Amicar and TXA inhibit spine fusion. Methods. Posterolateral L4-L6 fusion was performed in 50 mice, randomized into groups of 10, which received the following treatment before and after surgery: (1) saline; (2) TXA 100 mg/kg; (3) TXA 1000 mg/kg; (4) Amicar 100 mg/kg; and (5) Amicar 1000 mg/kg. High-resolution plane radiography was performed after 5 weeks and micro-CT (computed tomography) was performed at the end of the 12-week study. Radiographs were graded using the Lenke scale. Micro-CT was used to quantify fusion mass bone volume. One-way analysis of variance by ranks with Kruskal-Wallis testing was used to compare the radiographical scores. One-way analysis of variance with least significant difference post hoc testing was used to compare the micro-CT bone volume. Results. The average +/- standard deviation bone volume/total volume (%) measured in the saline, TXA 100 mg/kg, TXA 1000 mg/kg, Amicar 100 mg/kg, and Amicar 1000 mg/kg groups were 10.8 +/- 2.3%, 9.7 +/- 2.2%, 13.4 +/- 3.2%, 15.5 +/- 5.2%, and 17.9 +/- 3.5%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the Amicar 100 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and Amicar 1000 mg/kg (P < 0.001) groups compared with the saline group. There was greater bone volume in the Amicar groups compared with the TXA group (P < 0.001). There was more bone volume in the TXA 1000 mg/kg group compared with TXA 100 mg/kg (P < 0.05) but the bone volume in neither of the TXA groups was different to saline (P = 0.49). There were no between-group differences observed using plane radiographical scoring. Conclusion. Amicar significantly "enhanced" the fusion bone mass in a dose-dependent manner, whereas TXA did not have a significant effect on fusion compared with saline control. These data are in contrast to prior in vitro data that antifibrinolytics inhibit osteoblast bone mineralization.
  •  
29.
  • Galli, Silvia, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of osteotomy dimension on osseointegration to resorbable media-treated implants : a study in the sheep
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of biomaterials applications. - : Sage Publications. - 0885-3282 .- 1530-8022. ; 29:8, s. 1068-1074
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The drilling technique and the surface characteristics are known to influence the healing times of oral implants. The influence of osteotomy dimension on osseointegration of microroughned implant surfaces treated with resorbable blasting media was tested in an in vivo model. Ninety-six implants (ø4.5 mm, 8 mm in length) with resorbable blasting media-treated surfaces were placed in the ileum of six sheep. The final osteotomy diameters were 4.6mm (reamer), 4.1mm (loose), 3.7mm (medium), and 3.2mm (tight). After three and six weeks healing, the implants were biomechanically tested and histologically evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using Page L trend test for ordered and paired sample and linear regression, with significance level at p < 0.05. An overall increase in all dependent variables was observed with the reduction of osteotomy diameter. In addition, all osseointegration scores increased over time. At three weeks, the retention was significantly higher for smaller osteo- tomies. The histological sections depicted intimate contact of bone with all the implant surfaces and osteoblast lines were visible in all sections. The resorbable blasting media microroughed surfaces achieved successful osseointegration for all the instrumentation procedures tested, with higher osseointegration scores for the high insertion torque group.
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30.
  • Gasparrini, Antonio, et al. (författare)
  • Projections of temperature-related excess mortality under climate change scenarios
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - 2542-5196. ; 1:9, s. e360-e367
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Climate change can directly affect human health by varying exposure to non-optimal outdoor temperature. However, evidence on this direct impact at a global scale is limited, mainly due to issues in modelling and projecting complex and highly heterogeneous epidemiological relationships across different populations and climates.Methods: We collected observed daily time series of mean temperature and mortality counts for all causes or non-external causes only, in periods ranging from Jan 1, 1984, to Dec 31, 2015, from various locations across the globe through the Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Research Network. We estimated temperature-mortality relationships through a two-stage time series design. We generated current and future daily mean temperature series under four scenarios of climate change, determined by varying trajectories of greenhouse gas emissions, using five general circulation models. We projected excess mortality for cold and heat and their net change in 1990-2099 under each scenario of climate change, assuming no adaptation or population changes.Findings: Our dataset comprised 451 locations in 23 countries across nine regions of the world, including 85 879 895 deaths. Results indicate, on average, a net increase in temperature-related excess mortality under high-emission scenarios, although with important geographical differences. In temperate areas such as northern Europe, east Asia, and Australia, the less intense warming and large decrease in cold-related excess would induce a null or marginally negative net effect, with the net change in 2090-99 compared with 2010-19 ranging from -1·2% (empirical 95% CI -3·6 to 1·4) in Australia to -0·1% (-2·1 to 1·6) in east Asia under the highest emission scenario, although the decreasing trends would reverse during the course of the century. Conversely, warmer regions, such as the central and southern parts of America or Europe, and especially southeast Asia, would experience a sharp surge in heat-related impacts and extremely large net increases, with the net change at the end of the century ranging from 3·0% (-3·0 to 9·3) in Central America to 12·7% (-4·7 to 28·1) in southeast Asia under the highest emission scenario. Most of the health effects directly due to temperature increase could be avoided under scenarios involving mitigation strategies to limit emissions and further warming of the planet.Interpretation: This study shows the negative health impacts of climate change that, under high-emission scenarios, would disproportionately affect warmer and poorer regions of the world. Comparison with lower emission scenarios emphasises the importance of mitigation policies for limiting global warming and reducing the associated health risks.
  •  
31.
  • Gil, Luiz F., et al. (författare)
  • Progressive plateau root form dental implant osseointegration : a human retrieval study
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 103:6, s. 1328-1332
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although preclinical and sparse human histology retrieval studies have shown that the interface between implant and bone is constantly remodeling, no human retrieval database has been developed to determine the effect of functional loading time and other clinical/implant design variables on osseointegration. The present study tested the hypothesis that bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) increase over functional loading time around dental implants. Due to prosthetic retreatment reasons, 93 human implant retrievals from the same manufacturer (Bicon LLC, Boston, MA, USA) were obtained over a period of approximately 15 years. The retrieved implants were under functional loading from 120 days to approximate to 18 years and were histomorphologic/metrically evaluated. BIC/BAFO were assessed as a function of multiple independent variables: implant surface type, diameter, length, jaw (maxilla/mandible), region (anterior/posterior), and time of functional loading. The results showed that both BIC and BAFO increased over time independently of implant design/clinical variables, supporting the postulated hypothesis. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1328-1332, 2015.
  •  
32.
  • Giro, Gabriela, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of simplifying dental implant drilling sequence on osseointegration : an experimental study in dogs
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Biomaterials. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-8787 .- 1687-8795. ; 2013
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives. To test the hypothesis that there would be no differences in osseointegration by reducing the number of drills for site preparation relative to conventional drilling sequence. Methods. Seventy-two implants were bilaterally placed in the tibia of 18 beagle dogs and remained for 1, 3, and 5 weeks. Thirty-six implants were 3.75 mm in diameter and the other 36 were 4.2 mm. Half of the implants of each diameter were placed under a simplified technique (pilot drill + final diameter drill) and the other half were placed under conventional drilling where multiple drills of increasing diameter were utilized. After euthanisation, the bone-implant samples were processed and referred to histological analysis. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone-area-fraction occupancy (BAFO) were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed by GLM ANOVA at 95% level of significance considering implant diameter, time in vivo, and drilling procedure as independent variables and BIC and BAFO as the dependent variables. Results. Both techniques led to implant integration. No differences in BIC and BAFO were observed between drilling procedures as time elapsed in vivo. Conclusions. The simplified drilling protocol presented comparable osseointegration outcomes to the conventional protocol, which proved the initial hypothesis.
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33.
  • Granato, Rodrigo, et al. (författare)
  • Osteointegrative and microgeometric comparison between micro-blasted and alumina blasting/acid etching on grade II and V titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V).
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : Elsevier. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 97, s. 288-295
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study evaluated the effect of alumina-blasted/acid-etched (AB/AE) or microabrasive blasting (C3-Microblasted) surface treatment on the osseointegration of commercially-pure Ti (grade II) and Ti-6Al-4V alloy (grade V) implants compared to as-machined surfaces. Surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy and optical interferometry (IFM) to determine roughness parameters (Sa and Sq, n=3 per group). One-hundred forty-four implants were placed in the radii of 12 beagle dogs, for histological (n=72, bone-to-implant contact - BIC and bone-area-fraction occupancy -BAFO) and torque to interface failure test at 3 and 6 weeks (n=72). SEM and IFM revealed a significant increase in surface texture for AB/AE and C3-Microblasted surfaces compared to machined surface, regardless of titanium substrate. Torque-to-interface failure test showed significant increase in values from as-machined to AB/AE and to C3-Microblasted. Considering time in vivo, alloy grade, and surface treatment, the C3-microblasted presented higher mean BIC values relative to AB/AE and machined surfaces for both alloy types. BAFO levels were significantly higher for both textured surfaces groups relative to the machined group at 3 weeks, but differences were not significant between the three surfaces for each alloy type at 6 weeks. Surface treatment resulted in roughness that improved osseointegration in Grade II and V titanium substrates.
  •  
34.
  • Guastaldi, Fernando PS, et al. (författare)
  • Plasma treatment maintains surface energy of the implant surface and enhances osseointegration
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Biomaterials. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-8787 .- 1687-8795. ; 2013
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The surface energy of the implant surface has an impact on osseointegration. In this study, 2 surfaces: nonwashed resorbable blasting media (NWRBM; control) and Ar-based nonthermal plasma 30 days (Plasma 30 days; experimental), were investigated with a focus on the surface energy. The surface energy was characterized by the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method and the chemistry by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Five adult beagle dogs received 8 implants (n = 2 per surface, per tibia). After 2 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and half of the implants (n = 20) were removal torqued and the other half were histologically processed (n = 20). The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were evaluated on the histologic sections. The XPS analysis showed peaks of C, Ca, O, and P for the control and experimental surfaces. While no significant difference was observed for BIC parameter (P > 0.75), a higher level for torque (P < 0.02) and BAFO parameter (P < 0.01) was observed for the experimental group. The surface elemental chemistry was modified by the plasma and lasted for 30 days after treatment resulting in improved biomechanical fixation and bone formation at 2 weeks compared to the control group.
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35.
  • Guo, Yuming, et al. (författare)
  • Quantifying excess deaths related to heatwaves under climate change scenarios : A multicountry time series modelling study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 15:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Heatwaves are a critical public health problem. There will be an increase in the frequency and severity of heatwaves under changing climate. However, evidence about the impacts of climate change on heatwave-related mortality at a global scale is limited.METHODS AND FINDINGS: We collected historical daily time series of mean temperature and mortality for all causes or nonexternal causes, in periods ranging from January 1, 1984, to December 31, 2015, in 412 communities within 20 countries/regions. We estimated heatwave-mortality associations through a two-stage time series design. Current and future daily mean temperature series were projected under four scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions from 1971-2099, with five general circulation models. We projected excess mortality in relation to heatwaves in the future under each scenario of greenhouse gas emissions, with two assumptions for adaptation (no adaptation and hypothetical adaptation) and three scenarios of population change (high variant, median variant, and low variant). Results show that, if there is no adaptation, heatwave-related excess mortality is expected to increase the most in tropical and subtropical countries/regions (close to the equator), while European countries and the United States will have smaller percent increases in heatwave-related excess mortality. The higher the population variant and the greenhouse gas emissions, the higher the increase of heatwave-related excess mortality in the future. The changes in 2031-2080 compared with 1971-2020 range from approximately 2,000% in Colombia to 150% in Moldova under the highest emission scenario and high-variant population scenario, without any adaptation. If we considered hypothetical adaptation to future climate, under high-variant population scenario and all scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, the heatwave-related excess mortality is expected to still increase across all the countries/regions except Moldova and Japan. However, the increase would be much smaller than the no adaptation scenario. The simple assumptions with respect to adaptation as follows: no adaptation and hypothetical adaptation results in some uncertainties of projections.CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive characterisation of future heatwave-related excess mortality across various regions and under alternative scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, different assumptions of adaptation, and different scenarios of population change. The projections can help decision makers in planning adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change.
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36.
  • Jimbo, Ryo, et al. (författare)
  • Bone Morphometric Evaluation around Immediately Placed Implants Covered with Porcine-Derived Pericardium Membrane : An Experimental Study in Dogs
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Biomaterials. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-8787 .- 1687-8795. ; 2012
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. To investigate whether porcine-derived bioresorbable pericardium membrane coverage enhances the osseointegration around implants placed in fresh extraction sockets. Study Design. Twenty-four commercially available endosseous implants were placed in the fresh extraction sockets of the mandibular first molar of mature beagles (n = 6). On one side, implants and osteotomy sites were covered with porcine-derived bioresorbable pericardium membranes, whereas on the other side, no membranes were used. After 6 weeks, samples were retrieved and were histologically processed for histomorphometric analysis. Results. The histological observation showed that bone loss and soft tissue migration in the coronal region of the implant were evident for the control group, whereas bone fill was evident up to the neck of the implant for the membrane-covered group. Bone-to-implant contact was significantly higher for the membrane-covered group compared to the control group, 75% and 45% (P < 0.02), respectively. Conclusion. The experimental membranes proved to regenerate bone around implants placed in fresh extraction sockets without soft tissue intrusion.
  •  
37.
  • Jimbo, Ryo, 1979, et al. (författare)
  • Histological and three-dimensional evaluation of osseointegration to nanostructured calcium phosphate-coated implants.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Acta biomaterialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-7568 .- 1742-7061.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nanostructures on implant surfaces have been shown to enhance osseointegration; however, commonly used evaluation techniques are probably not sufficiently sensitive to fully determine the effects of this process. This study aimed to observe the osseointegration properties of nanostructured calcium phosphate (CaP)-coated implants, by using a combination of three-dimensional imaging and conventional histology. Titanium implants were coated with stable CaP nanoparticles using an immersion technique followed by heat treatment. Uncoated implants were used as the control. After topographical and chemical characterizations, implants were inserted into the rabbit femur. After 2 and 4weeks, the samples were retrieved for micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric evaluation. Scanning electron microscopy evaluation indicated that the implant surface was modified at the nanoscale by CaP to obtain surface textured with rod-shaped structures. Relative to the control, the bone-to-implant contact for the CaP-coated implant was significantly higher at 4weeks after the implant surgery. Further, corresponding 3-D images showed active bone formation surrounding the implant. 3-D quantification and 2-D histology demonstrated statistical correlation; moreover, 3-D quantification indicated a statistical decrease in bone density in the non-coated control implant group between 2 and 4weeks after the surgery. The application of 3-D evaluation further clarified the temporal characteristics and biological reaction of implants in bone.
  •  
38.
  • Jimbo, Ryo, et al. (författare)
  • Nano Hydroxyapatite-coated Implants Improve Bone Nanomechanical Properties
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 91:12, s. 1172-1177
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Nanostructure modification of dental implants has long been sought as a means to improve osseointegration through enhanced biomimicry of host structures. Several methods have been proposed and demonstrated for creating nanotopographic features; here we describe a nanoscale hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implant surface and hypothesize that it will hasten osseointegration and improve its quality relative to that of non-coated implants. Twenty threaded titanium alloy implants, half prepared with a stable HA nanoparticle surface and half grit-blasted, acid-etched, and heat-treated (HT), were inserted into rabbit femurs. Pre-operatively, the implants were morphologically and topographically characterized. After 3 weeks of healing, the samples were retrieved for histomorphometry. The nanomechanical properties of the surrounding bone were evaluated by nanoindentation. While both implants revealed similar bone-to-implant contact, the nanoindentation demonstrated that the tissue quality was significantly enhanced around the HA-coated implants, validating the postulated hypothesis.
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39.
  • Jimbo, Ryo, et al. (författare)
  • Regeneration of the cementum and periodontal ligament using local BDNF delivery in class II furcation defects
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 106:4, s. 1611-1617
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Periodontal furcation defects are usually addressed by the placement of a physical barrier which may limit the regenerative potential of periodontal wounds. This study morphometrically quantified the regenerative effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in furcation defects in a non-human primate model. Grade II furcation defects (with and without induced inflammation prior to surgery) were created on the first and second molars of eight non-human primates. Defects were treated with open flap debridement and subsequently filled with either: Group A; BDNF (500 µg mL−1) in high-molecular weight-hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA), Group B; BDNF (50 µg mL−1) in HMW-HA, Group C; HMW-HA acid only, Group D; unfilled defect, or Group E; BDNF (500 µg mL−1) in saline. Periodontal wound healing was observed every 2 weeks by computed-tomography. At 11 weeks all animals were sacrificed and maxillary and mandibular block biopsies were referred for nondecalcified histology. Linear measurements of new cementum (cellular and acellular) and periodontal ligament (PDL) formation were performed. Computerized-tomography reconstruction and software quantification demonstrated successful bone fill for all groups. However, histometric assessment demonstrated significantly higher level of total periodontal regeneration for the 500 µg mL−1 BDNF HMW-HA relative to all other groups. No significant differences in cementogenesis were observed among groups. Significantly higher acellular cementum formation was observed for sites where inflammation was not induced prior to surgical procedures. While all groups experienced similar bone fill and cementogenesis, the 500 µg mL−1 BDNF HMW-HA appeared to most effectively repair PDL (minimum increase of ∼22% relative to all groups; over 200% relative to unfilled defects).
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40.
  • Jimbo, Ryo, et al. (författare)
  • Simplified drilling technique does not decrease dental implant osseointegration : a preliminary report
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : American Academy of Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 84:11, s. 1599-1605
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: To date, some experimental studies have addressed the effect of bone drilling technique and sequence on dental implant osseointegration. In the present study, the authors hypothesize that there would be no differences in osseointegration when reducing the number of drills for osteotomy compared to the conventional drilling protocols. Methods: Seventy-two implants (diameters 3.75 mm and 4.2 mm; n = 36 for each diameter) were bilaterally placed in the tibia of 18 beagles for 1, 3, and 5 weeks. Half of the implants of each diameter were placed using a simplified drilling procedure (pilot and final drill), and the other half were placed using a conventional drilling procedure (all drills in sequence). The retrieved samples were subjected to histologic and histomorphometric evaluation. Results: Histology showed that new bone formed around the implant, and inflammation or bone resorption was not evident for both groups. Histomorphometrically, the simplified group presented significantly higher bone-to-implant contact and bone area fraction occupancy compared to the conventional group after 1 week; however, no differences were detected at 3 and 5 weeks. Conclusion: Bone responses to the implant with the simplified protocol can be comparable to the conventional protocol.
  •  
41.
  • Jimbo, Ryo, et al. (författare)
  • The Effect of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on Periodontal Furcation Defects
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 9:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study aimed to observe the regenerative effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in a non-human primate furcation defect model. Class II furcation defects were created in the first and second molars of 8 non-human primates to simulate a clinical situation. The defect was filled with either, Group A: BDNF (500 mu g/ml) in high-molecular weight-hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA), Group B: BDNF (50 mu g/ml) in HMW-HA, Group C: HMW-HA acid only, Group D: empty defect, or Group E: BDNF (500 mu g/ml) in saline. The healing status for all groups was observed at different time-points with micro computed tomography. The animals were euthanized after 11 weeks, and the tooth-bone specimens were subjected to histologic processing. The results showed that all groups seemed to successfully regenerate the alveolar buccal bone, however, only Group A regenerated the entire periodontal tissue, i.e., alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament. It is suggested that the use of BDNF in combination with a scaffold such as the hyaluronic acid in periodontal furcation defects may be an effective treatment option.
  •  
42.
  • Jimbo, Ryo, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of different surgical drilling procedures on full laser-etched microgrooves surface-treated implants : an experimental study in sheep
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 25:9, s. 1072-1077
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectivesTo evaluate the influence of instrumentation technique on the early osseointegration histomorphometrics and biomechanical fixation of fully laser-etched microgrooves implant surfaces in a sheep model. Material and MethodsSix sheep were subjected to bilateral hip surgeries 3 and 6weeks before euthanasia. A total of 48 implants (empty set4.5mm, 8mm in length) were distributed among four sites (8 per animal) and placed in bone sites drilled to 4.6mm (reamer), 4.1mm (loose), 3.7mm (medium) and 3.2mm (tight) in diameter. After healing, the animals were euthanized and half of the implants were biomechanically tested, while the remainder was subjected to non-decalcified histologic processing. The histomorphometric parameters assessed were bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed-model analysis of variance with significance level set at P<0.05. ResultsA general increasing trend is present from 3 to 6weeks for most of the variables. The groups prepared to be press fit seemed to present higher values, which were maintained throughout the observation period. The reamer group presented the lowest BIC probably due to the drilling technique; however qualitatively, more new bone seemed to be in contact to the implant surface, at 3weeks, whereas the implants placed in press-fit situations were mainly supported by cortical bone. ConclusionThe laser-etched microgrooved implant presented osteoconductive and biocompatible properties for all surgical procedures tested. However, procedures providing increasingly higher press-fit scenarios presented the strongest histomorphometric and biomechanical responses at 3 and 6 weeks.
  •  
43.
  • Jimbo, Ryo, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of implant diameter on osseointegration utilizing simplified drilling protocols
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 25:11, s. 1295-1300
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To observe and to compare histologically and histomorphometrically, the combined effect of drilling sequence and implant diameter in vivo. Material and Methods: A total of 72 alumina-blasted and acid-etched Ti-6Al-4V implants with three different diameters (3.75, 4.2, and 5 mm, n = 24 for each group) were placed in the right and left tibiae of 12 beagle dogs. Within the same diameter group, half of the implants were inserted after a simplified drilling procedure (pilot drill + final diameter drill) on one tibia and the other half were placed using the conventional drilling procedure on the other tibia. After 1 week, half of the animals (n = 6) were sacrificed, and the other half was sacrificed after 5 weeks (n = 6). The retrieved bone-implant samples were subjected to non-decalcified histologic sectioning, and the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and the bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were analyzed. Primary statistical analysis used a mixed model analysis of variance with significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: Histologic observation showed that at 1 week, immature woven bone formed in vicinity of the implant, whereas at 5 weeks, the woven bone was replaced by lamellar bone, which formed in proximity with the implant. Histomorphometrically, the simplified technique was associated with significantly greater BIC and BAFO after 1 week. Differences between techniques were not longer apparent after 5 weeks, but BAFO was inversely and significantly associated with implant diameter at that time. Conclusions: The simplified technique did not impair either early or late bone formation for any tested implant diameter; however, wider diameters were associated with less bone formation at longer healing times for both techniques.
  •  
44.
  • Jinno, Yohei, et al. (författare)
  • In Vivo Evaluation of Dual Acid-Etched and Grit-Blasted/Acid-Etched Implants With Identical Macrogeometry in High-Density Bone
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Implant Dentistry. - : Lamy, Wolters Kluwer. - 1056-6163 .- 1538-2982. ; 26:6, s. 815-819
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE: Based on the current evidence, the effect of implant macrogeometry has a significant influence on osseointegration. Thus, this study evaluated histomorphometrically and histologically the bone response to acid-etched in comparison to grit-blasted/acid-etched (GB) and machined control (C) surfaced implants possessing identical macrogeometry placed in high-density bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Implant surface topography of the 3 different surfaced implants has previously been characterized. The macrogeometry of the implants were conical, and healing chambers were created in the cortical regions. The 3 groups were placed in the external mandibular body of adult male sheep (n = 5). After 6 weeks in vivo, all samples were retrieved for histologic observation and histomorphometry (eg, bone-to-implant contact [BIC] and bone area fraction occupancy [BAFO]). RESULTS: No statistical difference was observed for BIC and for BAFO, although there was a tendency that the mean values for BAFO was higher for the textured surface groups. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the effect of surface topography is minimal in high-density bone and osseointegration seemed to be macrogeometry dependent.
  •  
45.
  • Khan, Rehan, et al. (författare)
  • Bone Regenerative Potential of Modified Biphasic Graft Materials
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Implant Dentistry. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1056-6163 .- 1538-2982. ; 24:2, s. 149-154
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: To investigate the bone regenerative effect of polymer and collagen incorporation to synthetic bone graft materials. Materials and Methods: The bone ingrowth of biphasic graft materials was tested in a rabbit calvaria defect model after chemical characterization: HA/TCP (25%/75%) with collagen, HA/TCP (25%/75%) without collagen, (HA/TCP)/PLGA (85%/15%) with collagen, (HA/TCP)/PLGA (65%/35%) with collagen and a commercially available (HA/TCP)/PLGA (50%/50%) (ReOss T, Intra-Lock International, Boca Raton, FL) was used as control. After 4 and 8 weeks, the retrieved samples were subjected to histomorphometrical analysis. Results: Histomorphometry presented no significant differences concerning the bone formation between the different groups at both 4 and 8 weeks. Evidently, the (HA/TCP)/PLGA (65%/35%) with collagen presented the least amount of soft tissue incorporation within the defect. The same group possessed higher amounts of bone graft material within the defect throughout the 8-week observation period, whereas the other groups seemed to decrease in volume from 4 to 8 weeks. Conclusion: Changing the PLGA percentage to 35% within the biphasic graft material seemed to maintain its volume and prevented soft tissue migration, which could be clinically beneficial.
  •  
46.
  • Lahens, Bradley, et al. (författare)
  • Biomechanical and histologic basis of osseodensification drilling for endosteal implant placement in low density bone. An experimental study in sheep
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : Elsevier. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 63, s. 56-65
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A bone drilling concept, namely osseodensification, has been introduced for the placement of endosteal implants to increase primary stability through densification of the osteotomy walls. This study investigated the effect of osseodensification on the initial stability and early osseointegration of conical and parallel walled endosteal implants in low density bone. Five male sheep were used. Three implants were inserted in the ilium, bilaterally, totaling 30 implants (n=15 conical, and n=15 parallel). Each animal received 3 implants of each type, inserted into bone sites prepared as follows: (i) regular-drilling (R: 2 mm pilot, 3.2 mm, and 3.8 mm twist drills), (ii) clockwise osseodensification (CW), and (iii) counterclockwise (CCW) osseodensification drilling with Densah Bur (Versah, Jackson, MI, USA): 2.0 mm pilot, 2.8 mm, and 3.8 mm multi-fluted burs. Insertion torque as a function of implant type and drilling technique, revealed higher values for osseodensification relative to R-drilling, regardless of implant macrogeometry. A significantly higher bone-to-implant contact (BIC) for both osseodensification techniques (p<0.05) was observed compared to R-drilling. There was no statistical difference in BIC as a function of implant type (p=0.58), nor in bone-area-fraction occupancy (BAFO) as a function of drilling technique (p=0.22), but there were higher levels of BAFO for parallel than conic implants (p=0.001). Six weeks after surgery, new bone formation along with remodeling sites was observed for all groups. Bone chips in proximity with the implants were seldom observed in the R-drilling group, but commonly observed in the CW, and more frequently under the CCW osseodensification technique. In low-density bone, endosteal implants present higher insertion torque levels when placed in osseodensification drilling sites, with no osseointegration impairment compared to standard subtractive drilling methods.
  •  
47.
  • Lahens, Bradley, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of osseodensification drilling for endosteal implants with different surface treatments : A study in sheep.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 107:3, s. 615-623
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study investigated the effects of osseodensification drilling on the stability and osseointegration of machine-cut and acid-etched endosteal implants in low-density bone. Twelve sheep received six implants inserted into the ilium, bilaterally (n = 36 acid-etched, and n = 36 as-machined). Individual animals received three implants of each surface, placed via different surgical techniques: (1) subtractive regular-drilling (R): 2.0 mm pilot, 3.2 and 3.8 mm twist drills); (2) osseodensification clockwise-drilling (CW): Densah Bur (Versah, Jackson, MI) 2.0 mm pilot, 2.8, and 3.8 mm multifluted tapered burs; and (3) osseodensification counterclockwise-drilling (CCW) Densah Bur 2.0 mm pilot, 2.8 mm, and 3.8 mm multifluted tapered burs. Insertion torque was higher in the CCW and CW-drilling compared to the R-drilling (p < 0.001). Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was significantly higher for CW (p = 0.024) and CCW-drilling (p = 0.006) compared to the R-drilling technique. For CCW-osseodensification-drilling, no statistical difference between the acid-etched and machine-cut implants at both time points was observed for BIC and BAFO (bone-area-fraction-occupancy). Resorbed bone and bone forming precursors, preosteoblasts, were observed at 3-weeks. At 12-weeks, new bone formation was observed in all groups extending to the trabecular region. In low-density bone, endosteal implants inserted via osseodensification-drilling presented higher stability and no osseointegration impairments compared to subtractive regular-drilling technique, regardless of evaluation time or implant surface. (c) 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 00B: 000-000, 2018.
  •  
48.
  • Marao, Heloisa F., et al. (författare)
  • Cortical and Trabecular Bone Healing Patterns and Quantification for Three Different Dental Implant Systems
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. - : Quintessence. - 0882-2786 .- 1942-4434. ; 32:3, s. 585-592
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The present study hypothesized that different bone healing patterns through initial stages of osseointegration would be observed when three distinct commercially available implant systems (Nobel Groovy, Implacil, and Zimmer TSV) were used, leading to significant variations in histometric levels of total bone and new bone formation during the osseointegration process. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 implants were placed bilaterally on the tibias of eight beagle dogs and allowed to heal for 2 and 6 weeks. Following euthanasia, nondecalcified specimens were processed for morphologic and histometric evaluation. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and new bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) analyses for native and new bone were performed along the whole perimeter of each implant and separately for the cortical and trabecular bone regions. Results: Morphologic evaluation of cortical bone presented different healing patterns and osseointegration levels for different implant systems as time elapsed in vivo. Interfacial remodeling was the chief healing pattern in Zimmer implants, while a combination of interfacial remodeling and healing chambers was observed in Nobel and Implacil implants. When trabecular bone was evaluated, similar bone healing patterns were observed between systems despite different levels of osseointegration observed as a function of implantation time, implant system, and native and/or new bone BIC and BAFO. Conclusion: Different implant systems led to different healing patterns during early stages of osseointegration. Such variation in pattern was more noticeable in the cortical regions compared to the trabecular regions. The variation in bone healing pattern did significantly influence overall indicators of native and new BIC and BAFO during the osseointegration process. The postulated hypothesis was accepted.
  •  
49.
  • Neiva, Rodrigo, et al. (författare)
  • Guidelines for Clinical Management of Laser-Etched (Laser-Lok) Abutments in Two Different Clinical Scenarios : A Preclinical Laboratory Soft Tissue Assessment Study
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: The international journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry. - : Quintessence. - 0198-7569 .- 1945-3388. ; 36:3, s. 339-345
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • One-stage implants were placed in the mandibles of eight beagle dogs with laser-etched (LL) and machined abutments. After 4 weeks, half of the LL abutments were disconnected and reconnected after 10 minutes of saline storage, and the other half were replaced with a new LL abutment (impression simulation) with or without sulcus de-epithelialization. After abutment change, systems remained in vivo for 3 weeks. Results showed that LL abutments can be reconnected and that sulcus scoring prior to LL placement of one-stage implants receiving machined abutments may be beneficial.
  •  
50.
  • Schwartz Filho, Humberto Osvaldo, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of laminin-1-doped nanoroughened implant surfaces : gene expression and morphological evaluation
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Biomaterials. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1687-8787 .- 1687-8795. ; 2012
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim. This study aimed to observe the morphological and molecular effect of laminin-1 doping to nanostructured implant surfaces in a rabbit model. Materials and Methods. Nanostructured implants were coated with laminin-1 (test; dilution, 100 μg/mL) and inserted into the rabbit tibiae. Noncoated implants were used as controls. After 2 weeks of healing, the implants were removed and subjected to morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gene expression analysis using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. SEM revealed bony tissue attachment for both control and test implants. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of osteoblast markers RUNX-2, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and collagen I was higher (1.62-fold, 1.53-fold, 1.97-fold, and 1.04-fold, resp.) for the implants modified by laminin-1 relative to the control. All osteoclast markers investigated in the study presented higher expression on the test implants than controls as follows: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (1.67-fold), calcitonin receptor (1.35-fold), and ATPase (1.25-fold). The test implants demonstrated higher expression of inflammatory markers interleukin-10 (1.53-fold) and tumour necrosis factor-α (1.61-fold) relative to controls. Conclusion. The protein-doped surface showed higher gene expression of typical genes involved in the osseointegration cascade than the control surface.
  •  
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