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| 2. |
- Lazaridis, Iosif, et al.
(författare)
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Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 513:7518, s. 409-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sequenced the genomes of a similar to 7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight similar to 8,000-year-old hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other ancient genomes(1-4) with 2,345 contemporary humans to show that most present-day Europeans derive from at least three highly differentiated populations: west European hunter-gatherers, who contributed ancestry to all Europeans but not to Near Easterners; ancient north Eurasians related to Upper Palaeolithic Siberians(3), who contributed to both Europeans and Near Easterners; and early European farmers, who were mainly of Near Eastern origin but also harboured west European hunter-gatherer related ancestry. We model these populations' deep relationships and show that early European farmers had similar to 44% ancestry from a 'basal Eurasian' population that split before the diversification of other non-African lineages.
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| 3. |
- Niepce, David, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Stability of superconducting resonators: Motional narrowing and the role of Landau-Zener driving of two-level defects
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science advances. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 2375-2548. ; 7:39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frequency instability of superconducting resonators and qubits leads to dephasing and time-varying energy loss and hinders quantum processor tune-up. Its main source is dielectric noise originating in surface oxides. Thorough noise studies are needed to develop a comprehensive understanding and mitigation strategy of these fluctuations. We use a frequency-locked loop to track the resonant frequency jitter of three different resonator types—one niobium nitride superinductor, one aluminum coplanar waveguide, and one aluminum cavity—and we observe notably similar random telegraph signal fluctuations. At low microwave drive power, the resonators exhibit multiple, unstable frequency positions, which, for increasing power, coalesce into one frequency due to motional narrowing caused by sympathetic driving of two-level system defects by the resonator. In all three devices, we identify a dominant fluctuator whose switching amplitude (separation between states) saturates with increasing drive power, but whose characteristic switching rate follows the power law dependence of quasi-classical Landau-Zener transitions.
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| 4. |
- Xing, Yuxin, et al.
(författare)
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FireNose on Mobile Robot in Harsh Environments
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Sensors Journal. - : IEEE. - 1530-437X .- 1558-1748. ; 19:24, s. 12418-12431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present a novel multi-sensor unit, a.k.a. FireNose, to detect and discriminate both known and unknown gases in uncontrolled conditions to aid firefighters under harsh conditions. The unit includes three metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors with CMOS micro heaters, a plasmonic enhanced non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor optimized for the detection of CO2, a commercial temperature humidity sensor, and a flow sensor. We developed custom film coatings for the MOX sensors (SnO2, WO3 and NiO) which greatly improved the gas sensitivity, response time and lifetime of the miniature devices. Our proposed system exhibits promising performance for gas sensing in harsh environments, in terms of power consumption (∼ 35 mW at 350°C per MOX sensor), response time (<10 s), robustness and physical size. The sensing unit was evaluated with plumes of gases in both, a laboratory setup on a gas testing rig and on-board a mobile robot operating indoors. These high sensitivity, high-bandwidth sensors, together with online unsupervised gas discrimination algorithms, are able to detect and generate their spatial distribution maps accordingly. In the robotic experiments, the resulting gas distribution maps corresponded well to the actual location of the sources. Therefore, we verified its ability to differentiate gases and generate gas maps in real-world experiments.
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| 5. |
- Xing, Yuxin, et al.
(författare)
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Mobile robot multi-sensor unit for unsupervised gas discrimination in uncontrolled environments
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE SENSORS 2017. - New York : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509010127 - 9781509010134 ; , s. 1691-1693
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we present a novel multi-sensor unit to detect and discriminate unknown gases in uncontrolled environments. The unit includes three metal oxide (MOX) sensors with CMOS micro heaters, a plasmonic enhanced non-dispersive infra-red (NDIR) sensor, a commercial temperature humidity sensor, and a flow sensor. The proposed sensing unit was evaluated with plumes of gases (propanol, ethanol and acetone) in both, a laboratory setup on a gas testing bench and on-board a mobile robot operating in an indoor workshop. It offers significantly improved performance compared to commercial systems, in terms of power consumption, response time and physical size. We verified the ability to discriminate gases in an unsupervised manner, with data collected on the robot and high accuracy was obtained in the classification of propanol versus acetone (96%), and ethanol versus acetone (90%).
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