| 1. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Tabiri, S, et al.
(author)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 15. |
- Getahun, H, et al.
(author)
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Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries
- 2015
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In: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 46:6, s. 1563-1576
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of <100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3–4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3–4 month rifampicin alone.
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| 18. |
- Zhou, Guanqun, et al.
(author)
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Two-stage reflective self-seeding scheme for high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers
- 2021
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In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 0909-0495. ; 28, s. 44-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) open a new era of X-ray based research by generating extremely intense X-ray flashes. To further improve the spectrum brightness, a self-seeding FEL scheme has been developed and demonstrated experimentally. As the next step, new-generation FELs with high repetition rates are being designed, built and commissioned around the world. A high repetition rate would significantly speed up the scientific research; however, alongside this improvement comes new challenges surrounding thermal management of the self-seeding monochromator. In this paper, a new configuration for self-seeding FELs is proposed, operated under a high repetition rate which can strongly suppress the thermal effects on the monochromator and provides a narrow-bandwidth FEL pulse. Three-dimension time-dependent simulations have been performed to demonstrate this idea. With this proposed configuration, high-repetition-rate XFEL facilities are able to generate narrow-bandwidth X-ray pulses without obvious thermal concern on the monochromators.
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