| 1. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kanai, M, et al.
(författare)
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- 2023
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 10. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 22. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 23. |
- Chio, Iok In Christine, et al.
(författare)
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NRF2 Promotes Tumor Maintenance by Modulating mRNA Translation in Pancreatic Cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674 .- 1097-4172. ; 166:4, s. 936-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy that lacks effective therapeutics. We previously reported that oncogenic Kras induced the redox master regulator Nfe2l2/Nrf2 to stimulate pancreatic and lung cancer initiation. Here, we show that NRF2 is necessary to maintain pancreatic cancer proliferation by regulating mRNA translation. Specifically, loss of NRF2 led to defects in autocrine epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and oxidation of specific translational regulatory proteins, resulting in impaired cap-dependent and cap-independent mRNA translation in pancreatic cancer cells. Combined targeting of the EGFR effector AKT and the glutathione antioxidant pathway mimicked Nrf2 ablation to potently inhibit pancreatic cancer ex vivo and in vivo, representing a promising synthetic lethal strategy for treating the disease.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- de Jong, S, et al.
(författare)
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Applying polygenic risk scoring for psychiatric disorders to a large family with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder
- 2018
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Ingår i: Communications biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 1, s. 163-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychiatric disorders are thought to have a complex genetic pathology consisting of interplay of common and rare variation. Traditionally, pedigrees are used to shed light on the latter only, while here we discuss the application of polygenic risk scores to also highlight patterns of common genetic risk. We analyze polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree (n ~ 260) in which 30% of family members suffer from major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Studying patterns of assortative mating and anticipation, it appears increased polygenic risk is contributed by affected individuals who married into the family, resulting in an increasing genetic risk over generations. This may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders, whereby onset is earlier and the severity increases over the generations of a family. Joint analyses of rare and common variation may be a powerful way to understand the familial genetics of psychiatric disorders.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Duffy, DL, et al.
(författare)
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Publisher Correction: Novel pleiotropic risk loci for melanoma and nevus density implicate multiple biological pathways
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 299-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the authors Fan Liu and M. Arfan Ikram, which were incorrectly given as Fan Lui and Arfan M. Ikram. In addition, the original version of this Article also contained errors in the author affiliations which are detailed in the associated Publisher Correction.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 31. |
- Jelenkovic, A, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental influences on height from infancy to early adulthood: An individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - London, United Kingdom : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6, s. 28496-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Height variation is known to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors, but a systematic description of how their influences differ by sex, age and global regions is lacking. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 45 twin cohorts from 20 countries, including 180,520 paired measurements at ages 1–19 years. The proportion of height variation explained by shared environmental factors was greatest in early childhood, but these effects remained present until early adulthood. Accordingly, the relative genetic contribution increased with age and was greatest in adolescence (up to 0.83 in boys and 0.76 in girls). Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North-America and Australia and East-Asia), genetic variance was greatest in North-America and Australia and lowest in East-Asia, but the relative proportion of genetic variation was roughly similar across these regions. Our findings provide further insights into height variation during childhood and adolescence in populations representing different ethnicities and exposed to different environments.
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| 32. |
- Kirk, JA, et al.
(författare)
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Pacemaker-induced transient asynchrony suppresses heart failure progression
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science translational medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 7:319, s. 319ra207-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transient asynchrony induced by an implanted pacemaker improves pathobiology of heart failure in large animals.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Lacoursière, Jean O., 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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A small flume for studying the influence of hydrodynamic factors on benthic invertebrate behaviour
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of The North American Benthological Society. - 0887-3593 .- 1937-237X. ; 9:4, s. 358-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A compact, versatile flume for studying the influence of hydrodynamic factors on the behaviour of benthic invertebrates is described. A range of lotic micro-environments can be simulated under controlled and replicable conditions by tailoring the velocity profile at the entrance of the test section. A specially designed diffuser composed of an array of adjustable horizontal rods allows tailored flow (e.g., zone of high shear stress, adjustable velocity gradient and turbulence level) to which organisms can be exposed. Water velocities of up to a maximum of 81.5 plus or minus 0.6 cm/s, with a turbulence intensity of 0.8% can be achieved. Simultaneous observations of flow and organism behaviours can be done by means of standard flow visualization techniques. Compact (72 cm long x 22 cm high x 10 cm wide; volume 10 L) and easily transportable, this flume is an inexpensive "desk-top" version of larger, more bulky systems, without sacrifice of performance and versatility.
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| 36. |
- Lacoursière, Jean O., et al.
(författare)
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A small flume for studying the influence of hydrodynamic factors on benthic invertebrate behaviour
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of the North American Benthological Society. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0887-3593 .- 2161-9565 .- 1937-237X. ; 9:4, s. 358-367
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A compact, versatile flume for studying the influence of hydrodynamic factors on the behaviour of benthic invertebrates is described. A range of lotic micro-environments can be simulated under controlled and replicable conditions by tailoring the velocity profile at the entrance of the test section. A specially designed diffuser composed of an array of adjustable horizontal rods allows tailored flow (e.g., zone of high shear stress, adjustable velocity gradient and turbulence level) to which organisms can be exposed. Water velocities of up to a maximum of 81.5 plus or minus 0.6 cm/s, with a turbulence intensity of 0.8% can be achieved. Simultaneous observations of flow and organism behaviours can be done by means of standard flow visualization techniques. Compact (72 cm long x 22 cm high x 10 cm wide; volume 10 L) and easily transportable, this flume is an inexpensive "desk-top" version of larger, more bulky systems, without sacrifice of performance and versatility.
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| 37. |
- Lacoursière, Jean O., 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Fluid transmission and filtration efficiency of the labral fans of black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) : Hydrodynamic, morphological, and behavioural aspects
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Zoology. - 0008-4301 .- 1480-3283. ; 71:1, s. 148-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body stance and water flow through the labral fans of suspension-feeding Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt larvae were examined using dead and live larvae. Transmission of flowing water through the fans were determined by means of dye injections. Feeding stance is the outcome of an active feedback process between flow forces and behavioural reactions that maintains the fans in an optimal filtering position. Fans responded to velocity increases through structural reconfiguration, which resulted in an increase in aperture size. As the velocity decreased, an increased fraction of the water directly approaching the fan aperture flowed around its perimeter, with no flow through the fans below 2.5 cm/s. Fluid transmission never exceeded 30-35%, even at velocities up to 50 cm/s. Calculations of suspension-feeding efficiency are reformulated to reflect labral fan transmission and behavioural components of the feeding process. Simulium vittatum larvae are consequently showed to be 4-26 times more efficient in filter feeding than has been previously assessed. The effect of flow on labral fan transmission is discussed in relation to known habitat choices and feeding behaviours of simuliid larvae.
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| 38. |
- Lacoursière, Jean O., et al.
(författare)
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Fluid transmission and filtration efficiency of the labral fans of black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) : Hydrodynamic, morphological, and behavioural aspects
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Zoology. - : National Research Council of Canada. - 0008-4301 .- 1480-3283. ; 71:1, s. 148-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body stance and water flow through the labral fans of suspension-feeding Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt larvae were examined using dead and live larvae. Transmission of flowing water through the fans were determined by means of dye injections. Feeding stance is the outcome of an active feedback process between flow forces and behavioural reactions that maintains the fans in an optimal filtering position. Fans responded to velocity increases through structural reconfiguration, which resulted in an increase in aperture size. As the velocity decreased, an increased fraction of the water directly approaching the fan aperture flowed around its perimeter, with no flow through the fans below 2.5 cm/s. Fluid transmission never exceeded 30-35%, even at velocities up to 50 cm/s. Calculations of suspension-feeding efficiency are reformulated to reflect labral fan transmission and behavioural components of the feeding process. Simulium vittatum larvae are consequently showed to be 4-26 times more efficient in filter feeding than has been previously assessed. The effect of flow on labral fan transmission is discussed in relation to known habitat choices and feeding behaviours of simuliid larvae.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Lin, Yan-Shih, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal stomatal behaviour around the world
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 5, s. 459-464
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stomatal conductance (gs) is a key land-surface attribute as it links transpiration, the dominant component of global land evapotranspiration, and photosynthesis, the driving force of the global carbon cycle. Despite the pivotal role of gs in predictions of global water and carbon cycle changes, a globalscale database and an associated globally applicable model of gs that allow predictions of stomatal behaviour are lacking. Here,we present a database of globally distributed gs obtained in the field for a wide range of plant functional types (PFTs) and biomes. We find that stomatal behaviour differs among PFTs according to their marginal carbon cost of water use, as predicted by the theory underpinning the optimal stomatal model1 and the leaf and wood economics spectrum2,3.We also demonstrate a global relationship with climate. These findings provide a robust theoretical framework for understanding and predicting the behaviour of gs across biomes and across PFTs that can be applied to regional, continental and global-scale modelling of ecosystem productivity, energy balance and ecohydrological processes in a future changing climate.
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| 41. |
- Lin, Yan-Shih, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal stomatal behaviour around the world
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - 1758-6798 .- 1758-678X. ; 5:5, s. 459-464
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stomatal conductance (g(s)) is a key land-surface attribute as it links transpiration, the dominant component of global land evapotranspiration, and photosynthesis, the driving force of the global carbon cycle. Despite the pivotal role of g(s) in predictions of global water and carbon cycle changes, a global-scale database and an associated globally applicable model of g(s) that allow predictions of stomatal behaviour are lacking. Here, we present a database of globally distributed g(s) obtained in the field for a wide range of plant functional types (PFTs) and biomes. We find that stomatal behaviour differs among PFTs according to their marginal carbon cost of water use, as predicted by the theory underpinning the optimal stomatal model(1) and the leaf and wood economics spectrum(2,3). We also demonstrate a global relationship with climate. These findin g(s) provide a robust theoretical framework for understanding and predicting the behaviour of g(s) across biomes and across PFTs that can be applied to regional, continental and global-scale modelling of ecosystem productivity, energy balance and ecohydrological processes in a future changing climate.
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| 42. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 43. |
- Mehrtens, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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The XMM Cluster Survey : optical analysis methodology and the first data release
- 2012
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 423:2, s. 1024-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The XMM Cluster Survey (XCS) is a serendipitous search for galaxy clusters using all publicly available data in the XMMNewton Science Archive. Its main aims are to measure cosmological parameters and trace the evolution of X-ray scaling relations. In this paper we present the first data release from the XMM Cluster Survey (XCS-DR1). This consists of 503 optically confirmed, serendipitously detected, X-ray clusters. Of these clusters, 256 are new to the literature and 357 are new X-ray discoveries. We present 463 clusters with a redshift estimate (0.06 < z < 1.46), including 261 clusters with spectroscopic redshifts. The remainder have photometric redshifts. In addition, we have measured X-ray temperatures (TX) for 401 clusters (0.4 < TX < 14.7 keV). We highlight seven interesting subsamples of XCS-DR1 clusters: (i) 10 clusters at high redshift (z > 1.0, including a new spectroscopically confirmed cluster at z= 1.01); (ii) 66 clusters with high TX (>5 keV); (iii) 130 clusters/groups with low TX (<2 keV); (iv) 27 clusters with measured TX values in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 co-add region; (v) 77 clusters with measured TX values in the Dark Energy Survey region; (vi) 40 clusters detected with sufficient counts to permit mass measurements (under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium); (vii) 104 clusters that can be used for applications such as the derivation of cosmological parameters and the measurement of cluster scaling relations. The X-ray analysis methodology used to construct and analyse the XCS-DR1 cluster sample has been presented in a companion paper, Lloyd-Davies et al.
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| 44. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 45. |
- Qi, Da, et al.
(författare)
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Representation of selected-reaction monitoring data in the mzQuantML data standard
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9861 .- 1615-9853. ; 15:15, s. 2592-2596
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mzQuantML data standard was designed to capture the output of quantitative software in proteomics, to support submissions to public repositories, development of visualization software and pipeline/modular approaches. The standard is designed around a common core that can be extended to support particular types of technique through the release of semantic rules that are checked by validation software. The first release of mzQuantML supported four quantitative proteomics techniques via four sets of semantic rules: (i) intensity-based (MS1) label free, (ii) MS1 label-based (such as SILAC or N-15), (iii) MS2 tag-based (iTRAQ or tandem mass tags), and (iv) spectral counting. We present an update to mzQuantML for supporting SRM techniques. The update includes representing the quantitative measurements, and associated meta-data, for SRM transitions, the mechanism for inferring peptide-level or protein-level quantitative values, and support for both label-based or label-free SRM protocols, through the creation of semantic rules and controlled vocabulary terms. We have updated the specification document for mzQuantML (version 1.0.1) and the mzQuantML validator to ensure that consistent files are produced by different exporters. We also report the capabilities for production of mzQuantML files from popular SRM software packages, such as Skyline and Anubis.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Sokka, Tuulikki, et al.
(författare)
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Work disability remains a major problem in rheumatoid arthritis in the 2000s : data from 32 countries in the QUEST-RA Study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6362 .- 1478-6354. ; 12:2, s. R42-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:Work disability is a major consequence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), associated not only with traditional disease activity variables, but also more significantly with demographic, functional, occupational, and societal variables. Recent reports suggest that the use of biologic agents offers potential for reduced work disability rates, but the conclusions are based on surrogate disease activity measures derived from studies primarily from Western countries.METHODS:The Quantitative Standard Monitoring of Patients with RA (QUEST-RA) multinational database of 8,039 patients in 86 sites in 32 countries, 16 with high gross domestic product (GDP) (>24K US dollars (USD) per capita) and 16 low-GDP countries (<11K USD), was analyzed for work and disability status at onset and over the course of RA and clinical status of patients who continued working or had stopped working in high-GDP versus low-GDP countries according to all RA Core Data Set measures. Associations of work disability status with RA Core Data Set variables and indices were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses.RESULTS:At the time of first symptoms, 86% of men (range 57%-100% among countries) and 64% (19%-87%) of women <65 years were working. More than one third (37%) of these patients reported subsequent work disability because of RA. Among 1,756 patients whose symptoms had begun during the 2000s, the probabilities of continuing to work were 80% (95% confidence interval (CI) 78%-82%) at 2 years and 68% (95% CI 65%-71%) at 5 years, with similar patterns in high-GDP and low-GDP countries. Patients who continued working versus stopped working had significantly better clinical status for all clinical status measures and patient self-report scores, with similar patterns in high-GDP and low-GDP countries. However, patients who had stopped working in high-GDP countries had better clinical status than patients who continued working in low-GDP countries. The most significant identifier of work disability in all subgroups was Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) functional disability score.CONCLUSIONS:Work disability rates remain high among people with RA during this millennium. In low-GDP countries, people remain working with high levels of disability and disease activity. Cultural and economic differences between societies affect work disability as an outcome measure for RA.
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| 50. |
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