| 1. |
- Bell, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Bridges – Past and Future. Reflections on a European Project 2003 – 2007
- 2023
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Ingår i: IABSE Congress 2023 New Delhi, Engineering for Sustainable Development. - : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. ; , s. 690-698
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty years ago, in 2003, a European project was started to increase the sustainability of existing railway bridges. This paper summarises what was achieved and looks ahead. Nine Working Packages were organized: (1) Background material; (2) Guidance by stakeholders; (3) Condition Assessment and Inspection Guidelines; (4) Loads, Capacity and Resistance Guidelines; (5) Monitoring Guidelines; (6) Repair and Strengthening Guidelines; (7) Demonstration with Field testing of Bridges; (8) Demonstration on Monitoring on Bridges; and (9) Training and Dissemination.Some of the main results (from 4 Guidelines and 47 Background documents) are highlighted and some experiences, conclusions and thoughts about the future are given. Hidden strengths and weaknesses are discussed, analyses and codes for assessment can be improved, new monitoring and strengthening methods are available and life length can be prolonged.
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| 2. |
- Bell, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Bridges - Past and Future Reflections on a European Project 2003-2007
- 2023
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Ingår i: IABSE Congress, New Delhi 2023: Engineering for Sustainable Development, Report. ; , s. 690-698
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty years ago, in 2003, a European project was started to increase the sustainability of existing railway bridges. This paper summarises what was achieved and looks ahead. Nine Working Packages were organized: (1) Background material; (2) Guidance by stakeholders; (3) Condition Assessment and Inspection Guidelines; (4) Loads, Capacity and Resistance Guidelines; (5) Monitoring Guidelines; (6) Repair and Strengthening Guidelines; (7) Demonstration with Field testing of Bridges; (8) Demonstration on Monitoring on Bridges; and (9) Training and Dissemination Some of the main results (from 4 Guidelines and 47 Background documents) are highlighted and some experiences, conclusions and thoughts about the future are given. Hidden strengths and weaknesses are discussed, analyses and codes for assessment can be improved, new monitoring and strengthening methods are available and life length can be prolonged.
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| 3. |
- Casas, Joan Ramon, et al.
(författare)
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Guideline for Load and Resistance Assessment of Existing European Railway Bridges : Advices on the use of advanced methods
- 2007
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bridge assessment in many aspects is very similar to the bridge design. The same basic principles lie at the heart of the process. Nevertheless, an important difference lies in the fact that when a bridge is being designed, an element of conservatism is generally a good thing that can be achieved with very little additional costs. When a bridge is being assessed, it is important to avoid unnecessarily conservative measures because of the financial implications that may follow the decision of ratingthe bridge as deficient. Therefore, the design codes (e.g. EC codes) may not always be appropriate for assessment of existing bridges and some additional recommendations or guidelines are required that will lead to less conservative assessment of theirs load carrying capacity. Such guidelines have been already proposed for assessment of highway bridges in Europe. However, there is a lack of this type of documents that can be applied for the assessment of railway bridges.The present "Guideline for Load and Resistance Assessment of Existing European Railway Bridges - advices on the use of advanced methods" is providing guidance and recommendations for applying the most advanced and beneficial methods, models and tools for assessing the load carrying capacity of existing railway bridges. This includes systematized step-level assessment methodology, advanced safety formats (e.g. probabilistic or simplified probabilistic) refined structural analysis (e.g. non-linear or plastic, dynamic considering train-bridge interaction), better models of loads and resistance parameters (e.g. probabilistic and/or based on the results of measurements) and methods for incorporation of the results form monitoring and on-site testing (e.g. Bayesian updating).Basis for the "Guideline for Load and Resistance Assessment of Existing EuropeanRailway Bridges - advices on the use of advanced methods" is the research work carried out in the work package WP4 of the Sustainable Bridges project combined with the best practical experience and know-how of all the partners involved.The research activities within the work package WP4 have been carried out in the following five groups:− Loads and dynamic effects, with focus on train loads and dynamics (Deliverables D4.3, also referred as SB 4.3 Dynamic (2007), or just SB4.3 (2007));− Safety and probabilistic modelling (Deliverables D4.4, also referred as SB4.4Safety (2007), or just SB4.4 (2007));− Concrete bridges, with focus on non-linear analysis (Deliverables D4.5, also referred as SB4.5 Concrete (2007), or just SB4.5 (2007));− Metal bridges, with focus on riveted bridges (Deliverables D4.6, also referredas SB4.6 Metal (2007), or just SB4.6 (2007));− Masonry arch bridges including soil/structure interaction (Deliverables D4.7,also referred as SB4.7 Masonry (2007), or just SB4.7 (2007)).The results of these activities are reported in corresponding Background Documents (Deliverables) listed above within parenthesis.The main results from the research activities performed and the know-how of all the partners in the specific areas of bridge assessment are tried to be presented in this Sustainable Bridges SB-LRA 2007-11-30 6 (428) Guideline in such a way that the target reader of the Guideline, a structural engineer experienced in assessment of railway bridges, is able to apply them in the everyday practice, without necessity of searching for several specific scientific publications. Nevertheless, in some cases it has been necessary to refer to public available literature and Background Documents prepared in the Sustainable Bridges project.The present Guideline has been prepared aiming to follow somehow the structure of the EC codes and it is divided into 10 chapters and 12 Annexes concerning:− Assessment procedure (Chapter 2);− Requirements, safety formats and limit states (Chapter 3, Annexes 3.1-3.7);− Basic information for bridge assessment (Chapter 4);− Load and dynamic effects (Chapter 5, Annex 5.1);− Concrete bridges (Chapter 6);− Metal bridges (Chapter 7, Annex 7.1);− Masonry arch bridges (Chapter 8, Annexes 8.1 and 8.2);− Foundations and transition zones (Chapter 9);− Improvement of assessment using information from testing and monitoring (Chapter 10, Annex 10.1).In most of the topics related to railway bridges assessment the Guideline uses the current state-of-the-art knowledge and the presently best practice. Nevertheless, in many subjects it propose the use of original methods and models that have been developed, obtained or systematized due to research performed within one of the five groups of work package WP4.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Cremona, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Improved assessment methods for static and fatigue resistance of old metallic railway bridges
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Bridge Engineering. - 1084-0702 .- 1943-5592. ; 18:11, s. 1164-1173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large number of the bridges in the European railway networks are metallic bridges. The increasing volume of traffic and axle weight of trains mean that for many structures the loads today are much higher than those envisaged when they were designed. This paper presents a summary of the different recommendations and advices proposed in "Guidelines for Load and Resistance Assessment of Existing European Railway Bridges" of the European Union founded project "Sustainable bridges" for assessing old metal railway bridges. The knowledge of the material properties of existing metal bridges is essential for the resistance assessment and the determination of the remaining lifetime of old metallic bridges. Furthermore, old bridges require more exact and efficient assessment methods that call for a precise description of the material. Among the problems met in metal bridges and material properties estimation, fatigue is the most common cause of failure. To be able to make accurate assessments of existing bridges, it is important to know the behaviour of bridges exposed to fatigue, and how the old materials behave due to cyclic exposure. The main question answered herein is how to make a safe estimation concerning the remaining life in service. The possible traffic load on steel rail bridges is usually limited by the fatigue resistance, but for certain situations the static resistance has also to be checked. Most design rules for steel structures, for instance those in Eurocode 3, are applicable also to riveted structures. However, some information is missing on how to deal with the special case that elements are intermittently connected in contrast welded structures that are connected continuously. As the traditional methods for assessing the resistance of steel bridges are based on elastic analysis, a method for utilizing a limited redistribution of bending moments based on beam theory is proposed.
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| 7. |
- Cremona, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Instrumentation of the Avesnes Bridge : Sustainable Bridges Background document 7.2
- 2007
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This deliverable details the different instrumentations installed on the Avesnes/Helpe bridge between 2005 and 2007 in France for recording its structural response and its loading conditions during a two-days monitoring campaign (June 2005), for performing dynamic assessments (March 2006) and for detecting damages (June 2006-March 2007). The first series of tests were performed when the bridge was still operated by the French railways SNCF. In august 2005, the bridge was removed from operating conditions and conserved for research and demonstration purposes within the "Sustainable Bridges" project. This deliverable is dedicated to provide information and data for research actions regarding:- Condition Assessment- Structural assessment- Monitoring
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| 8. |
- Epaillard, Sebastien, et al.
(författare)
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Non linear finite element analysis of a 50 years old reinforced concrete bridge : comparison with experimental data and sensitivity analysis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management and Life-Cycle Optimization. - Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. - 9780415877862 ; , s. 1407-1414
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a non linear finite element analysis of a full scale reinforced concrete bridge tested in Ö-vik (Sweden) is presented. In order to quantify the carrying capacity of the bridge, an ultimate load test combining bending and shearing load effects was performed within the European Union founded project "Sustainable Bridges - Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer Lives". The numerical analysis has two objectives. The first one consists in evaluating the ability of new constitutive mechanical models compared to experimental data measured. The second one, more qualitative, aims at quantifying the influence of local degradations on the global mechanical response of the bridge. To achieve this objective, a new steel/concrete interface constitutive model has been used for including the presence of corrosion. This paper shows that the proposed constitutive models can be very valuable for modelling complex existing reinforced concrete structures.
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| 9. |
- González, Ignacio, 1985-
(författare)
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Study and Application of Modern Bridge Monitoring Techniques
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The field of monitoring is one of rapid development. Advances in sensor technologies, in data communication paradigms and data processing algorithms all influence the possibilities of Structural Health Monitoring, damage detection, traffic monitoring and other implementations of monitoring systems. Bridges are a very critical part of a country’s infrastructure, they are expensive to build and maintain, and many uncertainties surround important factors determining the serviceability and deterioration of bridges. As such, bridges are good candidates for monitoring. Monitoring can extend the service life and avoid or postpone replacement, repair or strengthening work. Many bridges constitute a bottleneck in the transport network they serve with few or no alternative routes. The amount of resources saved, both to the owner and the users, by reducing the amount of non-operational time can easily justify the extra investment in monitoring. This thesis consists of an extended summary and three appended papers. The thesis presents advances in sensor technology, damage identification algorithms and Bridge Weigh-In-Motion techniques. Two case studies are carried out. In the first a bridge and traffic monitoring system is implemented in a highway suspension bridge to study the cause of unexpected wear in the bridge bearings. In the second a fully operational Bridge Weigh-In-Motion system is developed and deployed in a steel railway bridge. The gathered data was studied to obtain a characterization of the site specific traffic.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Jensen, Jens S., et al.
(författare)
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Guideline for load and resistance assessment of existing European railway bridges
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sustainable Bridges: Assessment for Future Traffic Demands and Longer Lives. - 9788371251610 ; , s. 221-230
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many of the European railway bridges are getting close to the end of their service life. At the same time the railway operators demand higher axle loads for freight trains and higher speeds for passenger trains. This requires new and better approaches for assessing both the railway loads and the resistance of railway bridges. The main objective of the "Guideline for load and resistance assessment of existing European railway bridges" is to provide bridge evaluators with the most advanced knowledge regarding methods, models and tools that can be used in the assessment of existing railway bridges in order to get a realistic evaluation of their load carrying capacity and also more accurate evaluation of their remaining service life. This paper gives the general overview of the whole Guideline. Nevertheless, the major focus is placed on the innovative elements proposed in the Guideline, which have been developed due to several research activities performed within WP4.
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| 12. |
- Olofsson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of European railway bridges for future traffic demands and longer lives : EC project "sustainable bridges"
- 2005
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Ingår i: Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1573-2479 .- 1744-8980. ; 1:2, s. 93-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A European Integrated Research Project has recently been started within the 6th Framework Program of the European Commission. The project aims at improved methods for the upgrading of existing railway bridges within the European railway network. The main objectives of the project are to increase the transport capacity by allowing higher axle loads and by increasing the maximum speeds. Other objectives are to increase the residual lifetime of existing bridges and to enhance management, strengthening and repair systems. The overall goal is to enable the delivery of improved capacity without compromising the safety and economy of the working railway. A consortium consisting of railway bridge owners, consultants, contractors, research institutes and universities carry out the project, having a gross budget of more than 10 million Euros. Funding from the European Commission covers a major portion of the four-year project costs
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