| 1. |
- Cripps, Cathy L., et al.
(författare)
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Nodulose-spored Inocybe from the Rocky Mountain alpine zone molecularly linked to European and type specimens
- 2020
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Ingår i: Mycologia. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0027-5514 .- 1557-2536. ; 112:1, s. 133-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inocybe (Inocybaceae) is one of the most diverse ectomycorrhizal genera in arctic and alpine habitats where the primary hosts are Salix, Betula, and Dryas. Subgenus Inocybe is common in these habitats and typically characterized by the presence of thick-walled pleurocystidia. Here, we focus on species that have angular or nodulose spores. Historically, over 30 taxa from this group have been reported from arctic and alpine habitats. Many names have been synonymized, whereas molecular analysis has revealed new species. Nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) sequence data of 26 type specimens in this group now allow for further taxonomic clarification and comparison across continents of disjunct populations. Here, we compare ITS sequence data and the D1–D2 portion of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) from Rocky Mountain specimens with those of types and European reference material. We report 10 species from the Rocky Mountain alpine zone, all of which are conspecific with known European boreal, montane, or alpine species, and four are described as new; all have intercontinental distributions. Nodulose-spored Inocybe taxa that occur in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone include I. alpinomarginata, sp. nov., I. arctica, I. giacomi, I. leonina, I. murina, sp. nov., I. occulta, I. paragiacomi, sp. nov., I. phaeocystidiosa, I. purpureobadia, and I. subgiacomi, sp. nov. Remarkably, these species occur at elevations up to 4000 m and at latitudes as low as 36°N, hundreds of miles from the Arctic, the European alpine, and original type localities. Distributions are explained in part by host distributions and historical glaciation patterns. A key and full descriptions for Rocky mountain species are provided to promote species recognition.
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| 2. |
- Cripps, Cathy L., et al.
(författare)
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Subgenus Mallocybe (Inocybe) in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone with molecular reference to European Arctic-alpine material
- 2010
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Ingår i: North American Fungi. - 1937-786X. ; 5:5, s. 97-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genus Inocybe (including subgenus Mallocybe) is a significant component of the ectomycorrhizal community in arctic and alpine habitats in terms of both diversity and distribution. Species are associated primarily with low woody shrubs of Salix, Betula and Dryas. There is evidence that shrubs are expanding in arctic-alpine habitats making the ectomycorrhizal fungi that support them of high interest. Here we provide the first detailed report for six Mallocybe taxa with willows from the Rocky Mountains alpine zone(WY, MT, CO), including: Inocybe arthrocystis, I. dulcamara, I. leucoloma, I. leucoblema and in the I. fulvipes group, I. substraminipes and other taxa. Phylogenetic analysis matched Rocky Mountain specimens to arctic-alpine specimens from Scandinavia. ITS sequences of Kühner and Favre types specimens were used as references for several clades. Data suggest that these species have a broad intercontinental range in arctic-alpine habitats and a few are known from the subalpine. A key to Mallocybe species in the Rocky Mountains is provided along with type information.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Ellen, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Inocybe leiocephala, a species with an intercontinental distribution range – disentangling the I. leiocephala – subbrunnea – catalaunica morphological species complex
- 2014
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Ingår i: Karstenia. - 0453-3402. ; 54:1, s. 15-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequence data and morphological characteristics of specimens determined as Inocybe leiocephala were compared with six type specimens. We conirm I. leiocephala, I. lindrothii, I. subbrunnea, I. fuscescentipes, I. subpaleacea and I. catalaunica as separate independent species. All species except I. subpaleacea and I. catalaunica were shown to have a broad intercontinental distribution range. Inocybe leiocephala has its main distribution in arctic-alpine and subalpine habitats, and I. lindrothii in hemiboreal – boreal zones. Inocybe subbrunnea is conined to nutrient rich, often more calcareous soils and mixed coniferous forests. Both I. fuscescentipes and I. subpaleacea, described from the alpine zone, also grow in boreal forests. Inocybe catalaunica is a species well separated from I. leiocephala, I. lindrothii and I. subbrunnea in molecular data and it appears to be more related to I. tjallingiorum and I. phaeoleuca despite macro-morphological similarities to the I. leiocephala group. The new species I. ohenojae is described here based on material from the alpine zone in Canada. The new combination Inocybe lindrothii is proposed and an epitype is designated. Inocybe saponacea is regarded as a synonym of I. lindrothii. A key to the species is provided.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Ellen, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Inocybe lemmi, a new species of section Marginatae from the alpine region of Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Karstenia. - : Finnish Mycological Society. - 0453-3402. ; 57:1-2, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new species, Inocybe lemmi, is described from alpine areas of Sweden. It is closely related to I. candidipes, associated with Pinus ponderosa and described from the southwestern United States. Both belong to the I. praetervisa group in section Marginatae, reserved for species characterized by a stipe with abundant caulocystidia in the upper half, which are sparse in lower half of the stipe. Other species in the I. praetervisa group have distinctly nodulose heterodiametric spores, while I. lemmi and I. candidipes have basally nodulose to angular spores with an elongated apex. A single collection from the alpine zone in Colorado was identified as representing a third lineage, closely related to I. lemmi and I. candidipes. The holotype of the recently described species, I. tundrae, was studied and is confirmed to be a later synonym of I. rivularis.
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| 5. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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