| 1. |
- Crona, Kajsa, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Glazed spaces for a resource efficient, social and healthy living, Part 1. Inventory of geometries and functions by study visits and interviews
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of the Spaces project is to support architects in the design of well-functioning glazed geometries, such as atria and rooftops, in residential buildings. The studied geometries are primarily spaces for communication and leisure in residential buildings. These spaces may have a varying indoor climate, which is governed by the construction of the building, as well as residents’ activities, rather than by building services. The project contributes with examples of geometries and usages, methods to evaluate the performance early in the design process and to provide guidance for architectural design and increased social interaction. The project also investigates obstacles that exist in current practice and Swedish legislation for glazed geometries. In this report, the first part of the project “Inventory of geometries and functions by study visits and interviews” is presented. Methods used in this first part is literature studies, interviews and case studies. The topics investigated are social and human aspects, technical aspects such as thermal comfort, energy, air quality, humidity, acoustics and to some extent urban farming. From the literature and by contacting architects and consultants in the building industry, eight case study buildings were found, located. The buildings were either housing cooperatives or rental buildings, and the glazed spaces in the buildings were either atria, glazed balconies or glazed rooftops. For the case studies, information was gathered from databases, through interviews and during study visits. The opinions of the residents were captured during structured interviews and through quantifiable surveys, and the results were analysed by the project group with input from the reference group. For social interaction, the investigations show that even with a developed design for social interaction (such as common areas, kindergarden, private areas in connection with glazed space), the interaction might fail. Social activities are highly dependent on individuals and thus, engaged persons are very valuable to obtain a social environment. In addition, a clear purpose of the space and a sense of ownership is beneficial to the social environment. In this study, the projects that worked well socially were the four housing cooperatives and one rental building. The three projects that worked less well were all rental. There are slightly different opinions of the optimal size to achieve social interaction. The architect of one of the projects that works well socially suggests a maximum of 60 persons (25-30 families) and at another socially successful building, there are 48 apartments. Two out of the three largest buildings (71 apartments and 126 apartments) did not function well socially. Daylight levels are usually considered good in the glazed spaces. However, there are darker areas, in particular under access balconies, and this also affects the daylight levels in the apartments. The air quality is usually perceived as good in the glazed spaces and the most common problem connected to air quality is a high level of moisture in the air, which can result in condensation on windows. For thermal comfort, the expected level of comfort is important for the experience of the space. If the space looks like it is indoor, the expectation is room temperature in wintertime and, consequently, people are disappointed if it’s much colder. Both studied rooftops have problems with high temperatures in summertime. The temperature in the glazed space depends to a large degree on shading and ventilation, but also on the thermal mass of the materials in the glazed space. This is further investigated in part 2 of the project (Wahlgren et al. 2021), where also evaluation tools and design guidelines are presented.
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| 2. |
- Olsson, Karl-Gunnar, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Architecture and Engineering - education of Form and Force
- 2019
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Ingår i: IASS Symposium 2019 - 60th Anniversary Symposium of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures; Structural Membranes 2019 - 9th International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures, FORM and FORCE. - 9788412110104 ; , s. 145-152
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inspired by the work and attitudes of architects and engineers like Jorg Schlaich, Renzo Piano, Piero Luigi Nervi, Sverre Fehn, Ted Happold, and environments like ILEK in Stuttgart and ETH in Zurich, a vision of a new kind of architects and engineers arose at Chalmers University of Technology in the early 2000. With support from the university and the branch, a double degree Architecture and Engineering programme was developed. Since the programme started in 2006 it has been a very popular programme, and among all Swedish MSc in Engineering and Master of Architecture programmes it has almost every year been the most difficult programme to get admitted to. The concept of the programme is a 180 ects (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) bachelor's degree, where the fundamentals from the engineering science: mathematics, mechanics, physics and materials, is combined with history of architecture and engineering, artistic explorative courses, and the fundamentals of the architectural design process. After three years the students can choose to continue for a Master of Science in Engineering with different possible directions, from mathematics and data science to industrial ecology, acoustics, management, structural engineering, and building technology, or to continue for a Master of Architecture. For the latter they need 150 etcs minimum in pure architectural design projects. In this paper the basic concepts of the programme, the culture developed around it and the strengths we can experience in the examined students will be discussed and reflected. Today students from the programme can be found at architecture and engineering companies all over the world and are appreciated for their ability to address complex architectural and engineering design issues with attitudes, insights and skills from the both professions.
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| 3. |
- Wahlgren, Paula, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Glasade utrymmen för ett resurseffektivt, socialt och hälsofrämjande boende, Del 2. Designstöd för arkitektonisk utformning och teknisk design med avseende på användning och komfort
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the Spaces Project is to investigate glazed spaces in residential buildings from both a building physical and architectural point of view and to provide descriptions of how they work, with regard to thermal comfort and to social aspects. This has resulted in tools for the design of glazed spaces that take into account the social aspects and the thermal comfort. A challenge for the architect is to determine and describe the geometry of the glazed space, which materials make up the connecting surfaces and what properties the surrounding glass surfaces should have. With very little time, it is desirable in the design phase to get clear indications of temperature conditions in the glazed space, in particular how high the temperatures will become in summertime. The Spaces project began with a literature study on glazed spaces, dealing with geometry of the spaces, glazing, usage, thermal comfort, ventilation, energy, social aspects and cultivation. Subsequently, eight relevant buildings were identified, called case studies, which were examined in detail during study visits and with the help of drawings and measurements of temperature and daylight. The buildings are located in Malmö, Eslöv, Gothenburg, Stockholm, Umeå and on Hönö. For all case studies, interviews have been conducted with residents and with professionals such as consultants, managers, architects, project managers, about the glazed space and how it works, mainly with regard to social sustainability but also technical functions. The residents have also responded to a survey and rated qualities in the areas of thermal comfort for different seasons, air quality, daylight, social activities and relaxation. With the help of the material from this part of the project, a checklist for the design of atriums has been produced which, for example, includes social activities, visibility, furnishability. In order to assess thermal comfort, an excel-based calculation tool, Spaces Calculator, for calculating temperatures in glazed spaces was created. The calculation model was designed so that architects, during the design stage, have access to a tool that is easy to start using, and where parameters can be varied quickly (e.g. geometries, glazing and materials), since in the design stage is desirable to be able to investigate many alternatives. The results from Spaces Calculator have been compared with results from the building simulation program IDA ICE, and user-friendliness has been tested by architects. Manual for Spaces Calculator and a number of examples of thermal variations when you change parameters for a building are produced. These examples show, for example, that a taller building reduces problems with overtemperatures in the summer, that heavier surface materials (with higher heat storage capacity) facing the glazed space dampen temperature fluctuations and how much a reduced g-value on skylights can reduce overtemperatures. To sum up, there are four main outcomes of the Spaces project; the literature survey, the case studies with interviews, the calculation tool Spaces Calculator with parameter studies, and the design checklist.
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| 4. |
- Wahlgren, Paula, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Spaces: A project on glazed geometries for improved indoor climate and social interaction- initial interviews and data gathering
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The project investigates glazed geometries in residential buildings as a robust solution from a health and resource perspective (primarily energy and cultivation). Our hypothesis is that that glazed geometries, with a more adapted volume, can increase well-being and social interaction without increased energy use. The studied geometries are primarily spaces for communication and leisure in residential buildings, consisting of wind protected glazed areas such as atria, entrances and stairways. Furthermore, these geometries may have varying indoor climate that is governed mainly by the building itself and residents, rather than by building services. The project will contribute with examples of new well-performing geometries and usage (such as larger entrances with social areas), and methods to evaluate the performance early in the design process (with respect to indoor environmental quality and energy efficiency) and to provide guidance for architectural design and increased social interaction. In the initial stage of the project, examples of glazed geometries at buildings have been identified and inventories at these buildings have been performed to gather relevant data from the design phase (e.g. building permits and interviews with consultants), to the use phase (e.g. interviews with users and maintenance staff) and follow up (e.g. energy performance certificates). At the initial stage, the users are the most important people to interview since they provide information on the key aspects of the project, i.e. wellbeing in the spaces. This includes thermal comfort, acoustics, indoor air quality and, in particular social interaction and usage of spaces.
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