| 1. |
- Braf, Ewa, 1969-
(författare)
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Organisationers kunskapsverksamheter : en kritisk studie av “knowledge management”
- 2000
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att utveckla, tillvarata och återanvända kunskap är centrala företeelser för organisationers framåtskridande och utveckling. Härmed har kunskapsmanagement (KM) en viktig roll för och i organisationer. Med KM eftersträvas bl a att medvetandegöra medarbetarnas kunskaper i syfte att hantera, utveckla och sprida dem på ett för organisationen fruktbart sätt. Genom en framgångsrik KM finns potential att öka organisationers handlingsförmåga, följaktligen även verksamheters värdeskapande och konkurrenskraft. Icke desto mindre är kunskap en abstrakt och svårhanterlig organisatorisk tillgång. Därtill, trots att det finns en hel del skrivet kring KM, kan det vara svårt för organisationer att förstå hur de praktiskt ska arbeta med detta verksamhetsområde, samt vad det innebär.I syfte att öka förståelsen för KM har jag studerat och kritiskt analyserat en del existerande litteratur kring området. Med analysen som utgångspunkt har ett antal forskningsfrågor preciserats. För att överbrygga en del av de oklarheter som identifierats i samband med litteraturgenomgången, samt för att svara på avhandlingens forskningsfrågor, har stöd sökts i andra teorier, bl a kunskapsteori och teori om hur vi kan se på verksamheter. Därtill har hanteringen av och synen på kunskap studerats genom en fallstudie genomförd på ett konsultbolag inom IT-branschen. Utifrån litteraturanalysen, grundning i annan teori, samt avhandlingens empiriska data har jag presenterat min syn på organisationers kunskapsverksamheter (min benämning på kunskapsmanagement).Resultatet av avhandlingsarbetet är bl a en utvecklad och preciserad begreppsapparat för organisatorisk kunskapsverksamhet (KM). Detta innefattar bl a en klassificering av begreppet organisatorisk kunskap och dess relation till organisatorisk handling. I avhandlingen klassificeras även ett antal vanliga situationer för kunskapande (lärande), vilka i sin tur relateras till organisationers kärnverksamhet respektive kunskapsverksamhet. Ett av huvudbidragen är en modell över organisatoriskt kunskapsverksamhet. Modellen inkluderar kunskapsverksamhetens centrala förutsättningar, handlingar, resultat, samt dess relation till kärnverksamheten. Genom denna avhandling vill jag bidra med en ökad förståelse för vad kunskapsverksamheter handlar om och vad som behöver beaktas för att utveckla en framgångsrik kunskapsverksamhet.
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| 2. |
- Broberg, Hanna, 1979-
(författare)
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DEVIS: Design av verksamhetsstödjande IT-system : En designteori och metod
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns IT-system i verksamheter som inte är verksamhetsstödjande. Dessa ITsystem fungerar mer som hinder än stöd för personalen i utförande av arbetet. Det finns därmed behov av utveckling av IT-system så att de blir verksamhetsstödjande. Denna forsknings förslag är att denna utveckling bör ske med en designteori och metod. Designteorin och metoden har konstruerats genom en eklektisk och kumulativ kunskapsutveckling. Teoretiska komponenter från designteorierna handlingsbarhetsteori och aktivitetsteori har integrerats till en designteori för verksamhetsstödjande IT-system. Metodkomponenter från metoder för verksamhetsutveckling, systemutveckling och utvärdering baserade på handlingsbarhetsteori eller aktivitetsteori har integrerats till en metod för utveckling av verksamhetsstödjande IT-system. Designteorin och metoden har validerats empiriskt genom tillämpning i tre olika utvecklingsprojekt, vilka har studerats. Resultatet och kunskapsbidraget är ett förslag på en designteori och metod för design av verksamhetsstödjande IT-system, DEVIS. Designteorin beskriver och förklarar IT-system, verksamheter och deras relationer och innehåller designprinciper som föreskriver hur verksamhetsstödjande IT-system bör utvecklas. Metoden kan användas för både nyutveckling och vidareutveckling av IT-system och verksamheter och innehåller en arbetsprocess med ett antal olika tekniker och notationer för att studera och beskriva IT-system och verksamheter, analysera problem och förändringar, värdera verksamhetsstödjande och ge förslag på utveckling av IT-system och verksamhet.
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| 3. |
- Broberg, Hanna, 1979-
(författare)
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Verksamhetsanpassade IT-stöd : Designteori och metod
- 2006
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns IT-stöd i verksamheter som inte fungerar som bra stöd för personalen att utföra arbetet. Att IT-stöd inte fungerar kan bero på olika brister i utvecklingen. En brist som förs fram i denna avhandling är att IT-stödet inte har utvecklats så att det är verksamhetsanpassat. Ett förslag är att IT-stöd kan bli mer verksamhetsanpassade genom att ha ett lämpligt synsätt på IT och verksamhet samt använda en designteori baserad på synsättet och en metod baserad på designteorin. Begreppen verksamhet och IT-stöd har undersökts och ett förslag på ett synsätt för att utveckla verksamhetsanpassade IT-stöd består av ett pragmatiskt perspektiv på verksamhet, ett kontextuellt perspektiv på IT och ett systemiskt perspektiv på relationen mellan verksamhet och IT. Handlingsbarhet och aktivitetsteori antogs tillsammans utgöra en designteori som täckte in det föreslagna synsättet. En undersökning har gjorts av hur handlingsbarhet skulle kunna vidareutvecklas med aktivitetsteori och användas som designteori för att utveckla verksamhetsanpassade IT-stöd. Detta har gjorts genom en konceptuell teoretisk jämförelse mellan teorierna. Undersökningen kan också ses som teoretisk grundning av handlingsbarhet. Kravhanteringsmetoden VIBA (Verksamhets- och Informationsbehovsanalys) är baserad på handlingsbarhet och har undersökts som metod för att utveckla verksamhetsanpassade IT-stöd. För att pröva aktivitetsteori som kompletterande designteori till handlingsbarhet har det undersökts hur aktivitetsteori skulle kunna användas för att vidareutveckla VIBA till en metod för att utveckla verksamhetsanpassade IT-stöd. Metodutvecklingen har gjorts genom att jämföra VIBA med en metod för arbetsutveckling som är baserad på aktivitetsteori. Detta har genererat ett metodförslag som sedan har prövats praktiskt genom tillämpning i två IT-utvecklingsprojekt. Båda projekten har handlat om utveckling av mobilt IT-stöd för vård och omsorgsverksamhet. Jämförelsen mellan handlingsbarhet och aktivitetsteori visade på att teorierna delvis hade gemensamma begrepp och delvis hade begrepp som enbart fanns inom respektive teori. Detta visar att aktivitetsteori skulle kunna vidareutveckla handlingsbarhet inom dessa begrepp, både som designteori för att utveckla verksamhetsanpassade IT-stöd och som sådan. Metodförslaget gick att tillämpa praktiskt. För att styrka dess användbarhet måste dock ytterligare prövning och validering göras.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Abductive Design Science Research: The Interplay between Deduction and Induction
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design science research (DSR) aims to generate knowledge about innovative solutions to real-world problems. DSR studies usually involve inductive, deductive or abductive inference strategies to generate design knowledge. However, applying these strategies has often remained implicit, which means that the transparency of the research processes could be questioned (e.g. openness, honesty). This study focuses on abductive DSR, which is often regarded as a combination of inductive and deductive strategies. Based on our literature review, we can conclude that there is a lack of prescriptive support for how to conduct abductive DSR. We have also identified that the concept of abduction is omitted in well- known DSR frameworks/methods. To address this research gap, our study applies a qualitative content analysis to analyse two abductive DSR PhD theses. The analysis outcome is a conceptual model describing central relationships and an abductive DSR process model illustrating movements between the theoretical and empirical domains.
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| 8. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Actable Information Systems : Quality Ideals Put Into Practice
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference On Information Systems Development (ISD 2002).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem we are approaching in this paper is that the actions offered by information systems (IS) often seem to disharmonise with the actions performed in the work practice. Several researchers report lacks in IS use. For example, Hägerfors (1994) claims that there is a lot of IS which is not fully usable in the context wherein they exist. Henderson & Kyng (1994) claims that there is a discrepancy between creation of IS and work situations. Bannon (1994) claims that there is need for a better understanding among researchers and system designers about users and their work settings. We need to understand people as actors with a set of skills and shared practices based on work experiences (ibid.)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Action design research : integration of method support
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1753-8378 .- 1753-8386. ; 15:8, s. 19-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Action design research (ADR) has become widely accepted as a prominent research method within information systems when managing design-oriented research projects. One purpose of the ADR method is to provide methodological guidance for the building of IT artefacts. However, several scholars have reported a lack of guidance of method support at the micro level. This article aims to complement the macro level of the ADR method by integrating prescriptive method support at the micro level. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach including direct content analysis. An empirical ADR project was analysed in order to identify method support that could be integrated into the ADR method. Findings Method support at the micro level was identified for all the stages of the ADR method. The method support consists of procedural support, guiding concepts, and various techniques for the documentation of project tasks stated in the ADR method. Research limitations/implications The contribution to theory consists of aspects concerning the integration of macro and micro levels: relationships between normative and prescriptive support, continuous focus shifts, and method completeness. Practical implications The contribution to practice consists of explicit suggestions for method support that could be integrated into the ADR method. Originality/value This study extends previously provided knowledge by offering empirical evidence concerning theoretical constructions consisting of explicit relationships between ADR tasks and integrated method support, and elaboration on the integration of macro and micro levels.
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| 12. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Action Design Research – Models for Researcher-Practitioner Collaboration
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Transdisciplinary Reach of Design Science Research: 17th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 393-404
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One essential characteristic of the Action Design Research (ADR) method is researcher-practitioner collaboration (RPC). The purpose of this paper is to present theoretical models for RPC collaboration in ADR projects. The models involve conditions, actions, and consequences concerning RPC challenges. A grounded theory approach was applied to identify the RPC challenges. The challenges were identified in a collaborative ADR project consisting of four researchers and nine organizations from the industry sector. The identified main challenges are: researcher intervention in practitioner contexts, reciprocal shaping between artifacts and design principles emerged from theory and practice, and researcher and practitioner learning. The contribution to practice, which consists of future ADR projects involving collaboration between researchers and practitioners, involves specific actions to be taken.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Best Practice in IT Service Management : Experienced Strengths and Weaknesses of using ITIL
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance. - 9781910810842 ; , s. 60-67
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the management of IT services and especially on best practices in the IT sector. Successful organizations must continuously improve their business management, including their IT management, in order to retain competitive advantages, and thus they need to reflect upon and improve their ways of working. One important aspect of this is usage of best practices. Best practices are toolsets or frameworks for the management of business and IT alignment, and their purpose is to improve the quality of IT services through delivering superior results compared to other frameworks, time after time. The most cited, globally recognized and adopted best practice is Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). The problem we address is that there exist contradictory claims concerning the usefulness of best practices. Due to these contradictory claims, the purpose of this paper is to learn more about the strengths and weaknesses of ITIL. To fulfill the purpose of this paper, we have conducted a qualitative study where we have collected empirical experiences from use of ITIL. We have interviewed 15 IT managers and IT consultants about their experiences of using ITIL.We can conclude that previous findings are fragmented and thus we have presented a coherent and structured collection of empirical experiences categorized as strengths and weaknesses. The identified strengths are: high reliability, improved cost efficiency, a tool for communication and support for structured work. The identified weaknesses are: lack of concretion, adaptation difficulties, being too comprehensive and having high costs. These strengths and weaknesses have to be managed in accordance with the situation at hand. We believe that our findings can contribute in two ways: 1) they consist of a coherent and structured overview informing about both strengths and weaknesses, and 2) the weaknesses can be used as requirements for a redesign of ITIL. Our study has in a cumulative way advanced the state-of-the-art by adding new knowledge based on empirical data.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges Concerning Data-Driven Innovation
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital transformation is highly relevant to most organisations in the business and the government sectors. One important aspect of digital transformation is the capability to exploit data in order to develop new services. For a number of businesses, this capability has become an imperative to their survival in an ever more competitive market. Today, data exploitation is of vital importance for innovation and economic growth. However, there is a lack of consolidated knowledge about the challenges of managing processes for data-driven innovation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to elaborate on challenges concerning data-driven innovation. We have used the Grounded Theory approach to identify such challenges which are: lack of a systematic process, problems with data access, distrust of data, lack of appropriate digital tools and insufficient competence. Our conclusions reveal that data is rarely used as a strategic resource in data-driven innovation and that there is a lack of data management.
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| 17. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative practice : an action research approach to efficient ITSM
- 2011
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Ingår i: 1 st International & Inter-disciplinary Workshop on Practice Research.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses collaborative research as an action research approach. Many times action research is described as embracing one research organisation and one business organisation. We are challenging this view by introducing the concept of collaborative practice. A collaborative practice can be seen as a cluster of local practices and researchers working together. In this way, a collaborative practice should enable joint learning between, and joint development efforts for, several business practices as well as contributing to general practice and the scientific body of knowledge. Based on a case study within efficient IT Service Management (ITSM), the concept of collaborative practice and its relation to other adjacent concepts (such as local practice, general practice and scientific body of knowledge) have been characterized. Our results should be viewed as preliminary since they are gathered from an ongoing project.
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| 18. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Communication Analysis as Perspective and Method for Requirements Engineering
- 2005
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Ingår i: Requirements Engineering for Sociotechnical Systems. - : Idea Group Inc. - 1591405068 ; , s. 340-358
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this chapter we challenge the view of perceiving information systems as systems for storing, retrieving, and organizing large amounts of data. We claim that the main purpose of information systems is to support the communication that takes place between different actors in a work practice. We describe a communication perspective on information systems and its consequences for performing requirements engineering. In this perspective business documents play a prominent role. The perspective is operationalized into a method and an example from a case study is used in order to describe the method.
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| 19. |
- Cronholm, Stefan
(författare)
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Communicative Criteria for Usability Evaluation
- 2010
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Ingår i: OZCHI 2010, November 22-26, 2010, Brisbane, Australia.. - New York, USA : ACM. ; , s. 144-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today we are primarily using computers for communication. We communicate via computers as professionals and at our spare time. One growing context of computer use is when we as citizens communicating with authorities. This paper suggests communication criteria for evaluation of public e- services. The suggested criteria are derived from a communication perspective and applied in a case study for evaluation of an e-service. Communication between authorities and citizens are often communication intensive and consequently conditions and consequences of communication should be evaluated. The aim of the suggested communication criteria is to be a complement to established traditional usability criteria.
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| 20. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Competence Development among IT-Consultants
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is about the knowledge transferring between IT-consultants. IT-consultants are involved in many complex and challenging situations. They need to manage organisational, semantic and technical issues. Managing this complexity requires a high and a variety of competences. Examples of competences needed are business development, project management, information system development methods and techniques. An IT-consultant often makes continuous movements between different assignments and clients. The competence developed is often individually based. Individually based knowledge is not sufficient since the IT-consultants have to carry organisational working procedures. Furthermore, the competence needed is not static; it is something that should evolve dynamically. In this paper we are proposing a collective competence development approach. The collective competence development approach consists of a process model and a conceptual model. The aim of both these models is to make individual based knowledge as subject to collective reflection.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Competence development among IT-consultants the need for collective and structured reflection in KMIS 2009 - 1st International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Sharing, Proceedings, vol , issue , pp 258-261
- 2009
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Ingår i: KMIS 2009 - 1st International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Sharing, Proceedings. ; , s. 258-261
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is about the knowledge transferring between IT-consultants. IT-consultants are involved in many complex and challenging situations. They need to manage organisational, semantic and technical issues. Managing this complexity requires a high and a variety of competences. Examples of competences needed are business development, project management, information system development methods and techniques. An IT-consultant often makes continuous movements between different assignments and clients. The competence developed is often individually based. Individually based knowledge is not sufficient since the IT-consultants have to carry organisational working procedures. Furthermore, the competence needed is not static; it is something that should evolve dynamically. In this paper we are proposing a collective competence development approach. The collective competence development approach consists of a process model and a conceptual model. The aim of both these models is to make individual based knowledge as subject to collective reflection.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Cronholm, Stefan
(författare)
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Course Evaluation : When, How, What and Why
- 2010
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Ingår i: Information Systems Education Journal. - : EDSIG, the Education Special Interest Group of AITP. AITP is the Association for Information Technology Professionals. - 1545-679X. ; 8:16, s. 8-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: This study is about course evaluation in Swedish higher education. Performing course evaluation is regulated in Swedish law. Despite this, only half of the courses are evaluated. The aim of this study is to understand why satisfactory course evaluations not are performed. Problems are identified from a student perspective and the paper provides proposals for reducing the problems. In order to tackle the problems an evaluation process model consisting of five phases is proposed. A main message is that there is need for an increased government from the university’s management levels to revise the incentives for performing a satisfactory course evaluation.
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| 26. |
- Cronholm, Stefan
(författare)
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Data-Driven Innovation : Managing a Project Including Multiple Business Partners
- 2019
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of iConference 2019</em>.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proposal describes an ongoing research project called Data-Driven Innovation which comprises 14 researchers and 13 business partners. The project is characterized by partnership, collaboration, and interaction between the involved researchers and the business partners. The purpose of the project is to identify tools that can support the business partners in their efforts to exploit data in order to enhance service delivery and to create competitive advantage. The project is applying a socio-technical perspective in order to avoid a too one-sided technical focus. The proposal ends with presenting a number of challenges due to the increased complexity concerning the management of multiple business partners and researchers. The challenges are: maintaining the balance between competing interests, managing the problem of generalization, mutual learning, and ensure partnership throughout the project.
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| 27. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Design Principles for Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advancements within artificial intelligence (AI) enable organisations to reformulate strategies forexploiting data in order to refine their business models, make better decisions and maintain acompetitive advantage. We recognise the technical advantages of AI. However, our view is that thetechnical perspective as a base for decision-making is necessary but insufficient. Several studies inhuman science report that essential human knowledge and competencies that affect decision making arenot represented in AI systems. Based on this observation, we have developed design principles fordeveloping decision-support systems (DSS) that combine human intelligence (HI) with AI. The designprinciples are: design for amplified decision-making, design for unbiased decision-making and designfor human and AI learning. The design principles constitute the scientific contribution to the emergentfield of Human-Centred AI. The contribution to practice consists of a DSS (a digital prototype) thatsupports the combination of HI and AI.
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| 28. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Design Science Research Constructs : a Conceptual Model
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems 2019.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design science research (DSR) has become an accepted as well as legitimated research paradigm within the IS discipline. DSR has had a significant impact on IS research and it has the potential to become even more successful.One reason for not being fully adopted is due to gaps in the understanding of DSR constructs. Our literature review has revealed that constructs often are:abstract, synonymous, overlapping, offering slightly different definitions, and difficult to grasp. One implication of these problems is that it might be hard to communicate research results not only to other researchers within the DSR community but also to other disciplines. Consequently, the purpose of this study has been to suggest a conceptual model that includes key DSR constructs and their relationships that can contribute to the understanding and communication of the DSR phenomenon.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Do you Need General Principles or Concrete Heuristics? : a Model for Categorizing Usability Criteria
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OZCHI 2008: Designing for Habitus and Habitat, Cairns, Australia, December 8-12, 2008. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. ; , s. 105-111
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses the character of usability criteria found in lists, which are used for interface design and evaluation. In order to understand usability criteria and relations between different criteria, a categorization of six usability criteria lists has been performed. The analysis has shown that the formulations of criteria reside on different abstraction levels. The results consist of two knowledge contribution. The first contribution is a hierarchical categorization model. The role of this multilevel abstraction hierarchy is to support practical problem solving processes by enabling and supporting the explicit articulation of criteria for a given context. The second contribution is a categorization of usability criteria. The aim of this categorization is to support the understanding of how different usability criteria relate (e.g. overlap or complement) to each other and highlight possible gaps.
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| 31. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Document-Driven Systems Development : an Approach Involving Novice Users
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 7th Annual Conference of United Kingdom Academy for Information Systems (UKAIS) Leeds Metropolitan University, UK.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper suggests a document-driven information systems development (ISD) approach. The reason for this approach is to find better ways to communicate with novice users. We have based our research on two principles: start with what is known and shift between abstractions and concretions. The concept “what is known” means that we have used existing familiar documents as a staring point. When modelling IS we always make abstractions. One way to confirm that we have made the right abstraction is to relate it something that is concrete to the user. We have used a shift between the abstract and the concrete in order to help the users to understand particular phenomena. We have experienced that this is especially important when developing IS that involves novice users. Our conclusion about the work practice is that document-driven systems development has led to improvements in the work practice. The approach has resulted in improved conditions for communication between the users, conceptual improvements and structural process improvements. Using the latter of the two principles means that the researchers/ISD professionals should be sensitive for when to make abstractions and when to make concretions. Using existing documents as starting point means to start with what is known. Our experience from this is that users have participated in a natural way during the analysis and design work.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical Experiences from the Use of Service-Dominant Logic in an IT-Project
- 2019
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Ingår i: The 10 Years Naples Forum On Service.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose –Over the past several decades, we have witnessed a transformation from an industrial product-oriented economy to a service economy in the IT-sector. The goal of the organizations is to increase their digital organizational capability by implementing digital service transformations. However, adopting a service perspective in the management of digital services continues to be a challenging process for many organizations (Brown et al. 2016). The adoption of a service perspective is not about a minor change of attitude; it is a paradigm shift for the whole IT-sector. One contemporary service perspective is service-dominant logic (SDL). In our literature analysis, we identified that the development of SDL is primarily based on theoretical insights gained from previous prior work by several scholars. We can conclude that theoretical grounding of SDL is firm, but that SDL lacks empirical evidence concerning experiences from applying SDL in the IT-projects. Consequently, the purpose of our study is to present empirical evidence from the use of SDL in an IT-project. The IT-project included the design of a digital tool for service assessment and service innovation.Design/Methodology/approach – Our study has unfolded by means of a four-stage process: 1) Literature review of prior applications and evaluations of SDL, 2) Implementation of an IT-project concerning the development of a digital tool supporting service assessment and service innovation, guided by service-dominant logic, 3) Evaluation of SDL based on empirical experiences gained from the IT-project, 4) Formulation of complementing prescriptive guidance that overcomes the identified challenges in the IT-project. Findings – The findings consist of three challenges:Challenge 1: The understanding of central conceptualizations in SDL.Challenge 2: The generic nature of SDL.Challenge 3: The lack of prescriptive guidance on how to use SDL in IT-projects.Research limitations/implications (if applicable) – Contribution to the knowledge of how to adopt SDL in IT-projects. Practical implications (if applicable) – Prescriptive guidance that can support organizations in their efforts to transforming their business to become digital service oriented and increase their digital organizational capability.Originality/value – The main discourse about SDL has been largely theoretical. Little attention has been given to how empirical evidence gained from IT-projects can be used to inform the further theoretical development and the practical use of SDL.
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| 34. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical Grounding of Design Science Research Methodology
- 2015
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Ingår i: New Horizons in Design Science: Broadening the Research Agenda. - : Springer. - 9783319187143 ; , s. 471-479
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to empirically ground design science research methodology. We claim that popular design science research methodologies lack empirical grounding based on primary data. That is, the empirical grounding is based on reconstructions of studies conducted for other purposes. To use an existing data set to answer new or extended research questions means to conduct a secondary analysis. We point at several risks related to secondary analyses and we claim that popular design science research methodologies should be based on primary data. Thus, we have systematically collected methodology users’ empirical experiences and reflections from DSR projects and structured them according to the Three Cycle View [23]. The overall findings show that the experiences are mainly positive. However, there are negative experiences such as the guidelines’ granularity, lack of rigorousness concerning evaluation of new knowledge, and support for collaboration.
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| 35. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Action Design Research
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a growing interest in information systems (IS) research as design research. One popular methodology is Action Design Research (ADR). Despite the popularity, ADR lacks proper evaluation based on primary data. We claim that the existing empirical evidence justifying ADR is either fragmented or based on reconstructions of prior studies conducted for other purposes. Our claim is supported by the authors of ADR who state that “ … because the VIP project was not conducted explicitly as ADR, it cannot be viewed as an exemplar of its application”. The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence. Examples of empirical evidence show that ADR is highly relevant for an applied discipline such as IS, it creates a bridge between user-oriented perspectives of the IT artefact and technological perspectives and it supports a conceptual movement from a specific instance to a search for a class of problems.
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| 36. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Action Design Research
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems. - 0905-0167 .- 1901-0990. ; 31:2, s. 35-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design science research (DSR) is a legitimate research paradigm in the discipline of information systems (IS). One prominent DSR method is Action Design Research (ADR). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ADR method based on empirical experiences from a research project. We have found that the ADR method is highly relevant to an applied discipline such as IS. It creates a bridge between the organisational perspective and the technical perspective of the IT artefact. Moreover, the ADR method supports the dual mission of developing theory and producing knowledge that supports IS practitioners. The findings also include empirical evidence pointing towards a lack of prescriptive guidance with respect to the challenges such as: how to identify appropriate evaluation strategies, how to identify the abstraction mechanisms required to move from the specific-and-unique to the generic-and-abstract, and how to formulate design principles. Although we found adequate support at the macro level, the ADR method needs more detailed support for operationalisation in practice. To address this issue, we propose a number of guidelines that either seek to improve the ADR method or support those who apply ADR.
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| 37. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Information Systems Research Framework : Empirical Evidence from a Design Science Research Project
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation. - 1566-6379. ; 19:3, s. 157-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence that the design science framework Information System Research (ISR) works in practice. More than ten years has passed since ISR was published in the well-cited article ‘Design Science in Information Systems Research’. However, there is no thoroughly documented evaluation of ISR based on primary data. That is, existing evaluations are based on reconstructions of prior studies conducted for other purposes. To use an existing data set to answer new or extended research questions means to conduct a secondary analysis. We point to several risks related to secondary analyses and claim that popular design science research frameworks should be based on primary data. In this paper, we present an evaluation consisting of empirical experiences based on primary data. We have systematically collected experiences from a three-year research project and we present ting of both strengths and weaknesses are presented. The main strengths are: the bridging of the contextual environment with the design science activities and the rigorousness of testing IT artefacts. The main weaknesses are: imbalance in support for making contributions to both theory and practice, and ambiguity concerning the practitioners’ role in design and evaluation of artefacts. We claim that the identified weaknesses can be used for further development of frameworks or methods concerning design science research.
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| 38. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences from sequential use of mixed methods
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods. - : Academic Conferences International. - 1477-7029. ; 9:2, s. 87-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 39. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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From Usability to Actability
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI International’99), Munich, Germany, August 22–27..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 40. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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From Usability to Actability
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper discusses how theories from the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and the information system development fields can be combined in order to achieve more actable, and thus more usable, information systems. More specifically, one aim of this research is to create a reconciliation of the HCI perspectives of usability with the language action perspective into what we call actuability. The paper discusses advantages and limitations found in both the language action perspective and in prevalent HCI theories.
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| 41. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Grounded Theory in Use : a Review of Experiences
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the first European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies (ECRM 2002.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper evaluates experiences from novice use of the qualitative analysis methodology grounded theory. The methodology can be understood as a reaction against more traditional scientific approaches such as hypothesis testing and quantitative analysis. The paper tries to answer the question: What problems and strengths arise from the practical use of grounded theory? In order to answer the question a list of problems and strengths, categorised into the methodology phases open coding, axial coding, selective coding and theoretical sampling, is presented. Some findings of a more general nature are also presented.
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| 42. |
- Cronholm, Stefan
(författare)
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Grounded Theory in Use - a Review of Experiences
- 2002
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Ingår i: First European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies (ECRM 2002), (Remenyi D, ed). 29-30 April 2002. Reading, UK.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 43. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines Supporting the Formulation of Design Principles
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Design principles represent design knowledge and constitute a prescriptive component that is included in design theory. In design science research, the formulation of generalised and intelligible design principles that can be reused in new contexts is regarded as an important outcome. Our study has revealed that existing design principles vary in terms of structure, content, and level of abstraction. This variation and inconsistency may obstruct the reusability of the design principles. The purpose of this study is to suggest support for the formulation of design principles. In order to enhance the support for the formulation of design principles, we have suggested three guidelines, which are based on analyses of theoretical statements, existing guidelines, and existing design principles. The guidelines are illustrated by using material from a design science research project.
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| 44. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Guiding situated method transfer in design and evaluation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Universal Access in the Information Society. - : Springer. - 1615-5289 .- 1615-5297. ; 14:2, s. 151-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose is to suggest guidelines for supporting the transfer of design and evaluation methods from one organization/field/sector to another. There exist a variety of methods for designing and evaluating interactive socio-technical systems. Many of them have been developed for dedicated purposes, such as heuristic evaluation, referring to specific situations and artifacts. Due to the recent diversification of devices and the continuing diffusion of society with interactive systems, applying design and evaluation methods in an effective and efficient way has become crucial, in particular when operating under tight economic conditions and demanding user constraints. Learning from other projects, cases, disciplines or sectors seems to be one way to effectively apply methods in design and evaluation. In order to validate the suggested guidelines, the guidelines are theoretically informed and empirically supported by the use of a case study. The results consist of a set of seven guidelines for method transfer. The guidelines are described in terms of questions to ask, expected input and expected output and how they relate to the other guidelines. Transferring methods require an informed procedure, reflecting the rationale of methods, application-specific factors and experience of use. In this paper, some conceptual foundations are given when exploring transferability of methods and implemented in the field of IT cross-sector developments. The developed guidelines allow developers to identify situation-specific elements and design an effective learning experience for a case at hand. The introduced content structure and interactive features show an effective way of developer support.
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| 45. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Handlingsbara IT-system - design och utvärdering
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Handlingsbarhet är ett perspektiv på IT-system lyfter fram vad som görs vid ITanvändning. Perspektivet innebär att handlingar som utförs av människor och ITsystem kommer i fokus. Handlingsbarhet definieras som: -Ett IT-systems förmåga att utföra handlingar, och att befrämja, möjliggöra och underlätta handlingar som utförs av IT-systemets användare både genom IT-systemet och baserat på information från IT-systemet i en verksamhetskontext.- I detta perspektiv ses IT-system som instrument för teknikmedierad verksamhetskommunikation. Rapporten förklarar utförligt perspektivet och begreppet handlingsbarhet. Bl.a förklaras skillnader mellan handlingsbarhet och användbarhet samt skillnader mellan handlingsbarhet och avbildningstänkande. Teoretiska grunder i form av socioinstrumentell pragmatism redogörs för. Olika modeller och principer för handlingsbarhet presenteras; bl.a en kommunikativ modell av användargränssnitt och den sk ElemantarInterAktionsLoopen. Tio principer för handlingsbarhet presenteras: tydlig handlingsrepertoar, tillgodosedda kommunikationsbehov, lättnavigerbart, handlingstransparent, tydlig feedback, tydligt och lättåtkomligt verksamhetsminne, personifierat, känd och begriplig verksamhetsvokabulär, intentionellt tydligt samt handlingsstödjande. Handlingsbarhet har operationaliserats i form av metoder för design av IT-system samt utvärdering av IT-system. Olika delar av designmetodik beskrivs: Modellering av processer, modellering av systemanvändning, modellering av IT-system. Utvärdering av IT-system beskrivs genom sex strategier som är uppbyggda utifrån ett antal generiska situationer: Målbaserad utvärdering, målfri utvärdering, kriteriebaserad utvärdering, samt IT-system som sådana vs IT-system i användning.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Cronholm, Stefan
(författare)
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Illustrating Multi-Grounded Theory : Experiences from Grounding Process
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper challenges traditional grounded theory. Both theoretical and empirical grounding is proposed as claims of validity for theory generation. This paper builds on a framework about multi-grounded theory (MGT) presented in Goldkuhl & Cronholm (2003). In that paper the framework is presented on a conceptual and procedural level. The aim of this paper is to support the use of multi-grounded theory. This paper also takes a critical stand towards MGT.
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| 50. |
- Cronholm, Stefan, 1957-
(författare)
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Illustrating Multi-Grounded Theory
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies ECRM,2004. - Reading : Academic Conferences Limited. ; , s. 115-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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