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| 3. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Ariyawansa, Hiran A., et al.
(författare)
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Fungal diversity notes 111–252—taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 75, s. 27-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa, including five new families, 20 new genera, and 100 new species, representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range. The new families, Ascocylindricaceae, Caryosporaceae and Wicklowiaceae (Ascomycota) are introduced based on their distinct lineages and unique morphology. The new Dothideomycete genera Pseudomassariosphaeria (Amniculicolaceae), Heracleicola, Neodidymella and P s e u d o m i c ros p h a e r i o p s i s ( D id y m e l l a c e a e ) , P s e u d o p i t h o m y c e s ( D i d y m o s p h a e r i a c e a e ) , Brunneoclavispora, Neolophiostoma and Sulcosporium (Halotthiaceae), Lophiohelichrysum (Lophiostomataceae), G a l l i i c o l a , Popul o c re s c e n t i a a nd Va g i c o l a (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Ascocylindrica (Ascocylindricaceae), E l o n g a t o p e d i c e l l a t a ( R o u s s o e l l a c e a e ) , Pseudoasteromassaria (Latoruaceae) and Pseudomonodictys (Macrodiplodiopsidaceae) are introduced. The newly described species of Dothideomycetes (Ascomycota) are Pseudomassariosphaeria bromicola (Amniculicolaceae), Flammeascoma lignicola (Anteagloniaceae), Ascocylindrica marina (Ascocylindricaceae) , Lembosia xyliae (Asterinaceae), Diplodia crataegicola and Diplodia galiicola ( B o t r yosphae r i a cea e ) , Caryospor a aquat i c a (Caryosporaceae), Heracleicola premilcurensis and Neodi dymell a thai landi cum (Didymellaceae) , Pseudopithomyces palmicola (Didymosphaeriaceae), Floricola viticola (Floricolaceae), Brunneoclavispora bambusae, Neolophiostoma pigmentatum and Sulcosporium thailandica (Halotthiaceae), Pseudoasteromassaria fagi (Latoruaceae), Keissleriella dactylidicola (Lentitheciaceae), Lophiohelichrysum helichrysi (Lophiostomataceae), Aquasubmersa japonica (Lophiotremataceae) , Pseudomonodictys tectonae (Macrodiplodiopsidaceae), Microthyrium buxicola and Tumidispora shoreae (Microthyriaceae), Alloleptosphaeria clematidis, Allophaeosphaer i a c y t i s i , Allophaeosphae r i a subcylindrospora, Dematiopleospora luzulae, Entodesmium artemisiae, Galiicola pseudophaeosphaeria, Loratospora(Basidiomycota) are introduced together with a new genus Neoantrodiella (Neoantrodiellaceae), here based on both morphology coupled with molecular data. In the class Agaricomycetes, Agaricus pseudolangei, Agaricus haematinus, Agaricus atrodiscus and Agaricus exilissimus (Agaricaceae) , Amanita m e l l e i a l b a , Amanita pseudosychnopyramis and Amanita subparvipantherina (Amanitaceae), Entoloma calabrum, Cora barbulata, Dictyonema gomezianum and Inocybe granulosa (Inocybaceae), Xerocomellus sarnarii (Boletaceae), Cantharellus eucalyptorum, Cantharellus nigrescens, Cantharellus tricolor and Cantharellus variabilicolor (Cantharellaceae), Cortinarius alboamarescens, Cortinarius brunneoalbus, Cortinarius ochroamarus, Cortinarius putorius and Cortinarius seidlii (Cortinariaceae), Hymenochaete micropora and Hymenochaete subporioides (Hymenochaetaceae), Xylodon ramicida (Schizoporaceae), Colospora andalasii (Polyporaceae), Russula guangxiensis and Russula hakkae (Russulaceae), Tremella dirinariae, Tremella graphidis and Tremella pyrenulae (Tremellaceae) are introduced. Four new combinations Neoantrodiella gypsea, Neoantrodiella thujae (Neoantrodiellaceae), Punctulariopsis cremeoalbida, Punctulariopsis efibulata (Punctulariaceae) are also introduced here for the division Basidiomycota. Furthermore Absidia caatinguensis, Absidia koreana and Gongronella koreana (Cunninghamellaceae), Mortierella pisiformis and Mortierella formosana (Mortierellaceae) are newly introduced in the Zygomycota, while Neocallimastix cameroonii and Piromyces irregularis (Neocallimastigaceae) ar e i n t roduced i n the Neocallimastigomycota. Reference specimens or changes in classification and notes are provided for Alternaria ethzedia, Cucurbitaria ephedricola, Austropleospora, Austropleospora archidendri, Byssosphaeria rhodomphala, Lophiostoma caulium, Pseudopithomyces maydicus, Massariosphaeria, Neomassariosphaeria and Pestalotiopsis montellica.
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| 5. |
- Cao, Hong Min, et al.
(författare)
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A long-lived compact jet in the black hole X-ray binary candidate AT2019wey
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AT2019wey is a transient discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System survey in December of 2019. Follow-up optical, radio, and X-ray observations led to classification of this source as a Galactic black hole X-ray binary candidate. We carried out one-epoch 6.7 GHz European Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network and two-epoch multi-frequency (1.6, 4.5, 6.7 GHz) Very Long Baseline Array observations within a year after its discovery. These observations reveal a fading and flat-spectrum radio source with no discernible motion. These features suggest the detection of a compact jet. The source appears resolved at milliarcsecond scales, and the source angular size versus frequency trend is consistent with scatter broadening. This allows us to constrain the lower limit of the source distance to 6 kpc if the scattering medium is in a Galactic spiral arm. For a source location at greater than 3 kpc, the estimated upper limit of the peculiar velocity suggests the asymmetric natal kick may have occurred during the black hole formation stage.
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| 6. |
- Cao, Hong Min, et al.
(författare)
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The loud and the quiet: Searching for radio counterparts of two radio-weak BL Lac candidates with VLBI
- 2019
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1745-3925 .- 1745-3933. ; 482:1, s. L34-L39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BL Lac objects are known to have compact jets inclined to our line of sight at a small angle, showing prominent radio emission. Two radio-weak BL Lac candidates with no counterparts in current radio surveys were recently reported by Massaro et al. Both sources were selected as candidate low-energy counterparts of unassociated Fermi γ -ray sources. We carried out very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations with the European VLBI Network (EVN) at 5 GHz to explore their radio properties at the milliarcsecond (mas) scale. One target, J1410+7405, is clearly detected with the EVN. Its measured 5-GHz flux density, 2.4 mJy, is consistent with recent interferometricmeasurementswith theKarlG. JanskyVery LargeArray, suggesting that the radio emission is confined to the inner ≲10-mas region. J1410+7405 is therefore identified as a radio-loud jetted active galactic nucleus, and its brightness temperature exceeds ~109 K. Its properties are similar to those of other γ -ray-detected BL Lac objects. On the other hand, the second target, J0644+6031, remains undetected with the EVN with a 6s brightness upper limit of 0.12 mJy beam-1. This source is thus radio-quiet, confirming its peculiarity, or possibly questioning its BL Lac nature.
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| 7. |
- Ding, Yun Mei, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of social support on illness perception in patients with atrial fibrillation during “Blanking Period” : Mediating role of sense of mastery
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nursing Open. - : Wiley. - 2054-1058. ; 10:1, s. 115-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To explore whether sense of mastery can mediate the relationship between social support and illness perception in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who were at the “Blanking Period.”. Design: A cross-sectional design. Methods: 405 patients with AF who were at the “Blanking Period” in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were recruited; they completed a set of questionnaires, including the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Personal Mastery Scale and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Results: Social support and sense of mastery were both adversely connected to illness perception. The indirect effect of social support on illness perception through sense of mastery was negative, accounting for 86.04% of the total effect. Conclusion: During the “Blanking Period,” better social support and sense of mastery contribute to a positive illness perception of AF patients. Social support also can influence patients' illness perception indirectly via the mediator of sense of mastery.
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| 8. |
- Fang, Evandro F., et al.
(författare)
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A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ageing Research Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-1637. ; 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the key issues facing public healthcare is the global trend of an increasingly ageing society which continues to present policy makers and caregivers with formidable healthcare and socio-economic challenges. Ageing is the primary contributor to a broad spectrum of chronic disorders all associated with a lower quality of life in the elderly. In 2019, the Chinese population constituted 18 % of the world population, with 164.5 million Chinese citizens aged 65 and above (65+), and 26 million aged 80 or above (80+). China has become an ageing society, and as it continues to age it will continue to exacerbate the burden borne by current family and public healthcare systems. Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. At the governmental level, it is necessary to make long-term strategic plans to respond to the pressures of an ageing society, especially to establish a nationwide, affordable, annual health check system to facilitate early diagnosis and provide access to affordable treatments. China has begun work on several activities to address these issues including the recent completion of the of the Ten-year Health-Care Reform project, the implementation of the Healthy China 2030 Action Plan, and the opening of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders. There are also societal challenges, namely the shift from an extended family system in which the younger provide home care for their elderly family members, to the current trend in which young people are increasingly migrating towards major cities for work, increasing reliance on nursing homes to compensate, especially following the outcomes of the ‘one child policy’ and the ‘empty-nest elderly’ phenomenon. At the individual level, it is important to provide avenues for people to seek and improve their own knowledge of health and disease, to encourage them to seek medical check-ups to prevent/manage illness, and to find ways to promote modifiable health-related behaviors (social activity, exercise, healthy diets, reasonable diet supplements) to enable healthier, happier, longer, and more productive lives in the elderly. Finally, at the technological or treatment level, there is a focus on modern technologies to counteract the negative effects of ageing. Researchers are striving to produce drugs that can mimic the effects of ‘exercising more, eating less’, while other anti-ageing molecules from molecular gerontologists could help to improve ‘healthspan’ in the elderly. Machine learning, ‘Big Data’, and other novel technologies can also be used to monitor disease patterns at the population level and may be used to inform policy design in the future. Collectively, synergies across disciplines on policies, geriatric care, drug development, personal awareness, the use of big data, machine learning and personalized medicine will transform China into a country that enables the most for its elderly, maximizing and celebrating their longevity in the coming decades. This is the 2nd edition of the review paper (Fang EF et al., Ageing Re. Rev. 2015).
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| 9. |
- Luo, Zhong-Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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PbGa2MSe6 (M = Si, Ge) : Two Exceptional Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystals
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 27:3, s. 914-922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two noncentrosymmetric (NCS) quaternary selenides, PbGa2SiSe6 (1) and PbGa2GeSe6 (2), with second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) responses, were synthesized by a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction method. Compounds 1 and 2 are constructed by three NCS chromophores, [PbSe4], [GaSe4], and [Ga/SiSe4] or [Ga/GeSe4], with the covalent interactions between the X and Se atoms (X = Pb, Ga, Ga/Si, or Ga/Ge). They crystallize in the polar space groups Cc and Fdd2, respectively. Inspiringly, compound 2 is phase-matchable (PM) and shows high laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of 3.7 x AgGaS2 and wide transparent region (0.6325 mu m) in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. Most importantly, it presents extraordinary strong second harmonic generation (SHG) at 2.05 mu m radiation of about 12 x AgGaS2 at the particle size of 2545 mu m, which represents the strongest SHG among PM chalcogenides to date. The calculated major SHG tensor elements of compounds 1 and 2 are d31 = 224.7 and d12 = 222.1 pm/V, respectively, while the calculated d36 of AgGaS2 is only 21.2 pm/V.
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| 10. |
- Yan, Bao-Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Overexpression of MAC30 in the Cytoplasm of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Predicts Nodal Metastasis and Poor Differentiation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Chemotherapy. - : S, Karger AG, Basel. - 0009-3157 .- 1421-9794. ; 56:6, s. 424-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Expression of the meningioma-associated protein (MAC30) was increased in several types of tumors, including esophageal, gastric and colon tumors, compared to normal tissue. MAC30 expression levels gradually increased from normal colorectal mucosa to primary colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer spreading to the lymph nodes. MAC30 expression was related to survival in patients with colorectal cancer. However, there is no study on MAC30 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: Therefore, MAC30 expression in OSCC was investigated and possible associations of MAC30 expression with clinicopathological variables in OSCC have been analyzed. MAC30 expression was immunohistochemically examined in 20 normal oral mucosa and 43 OSCC specimens. Results: Expression levels of MAC30 in the cytoplasm markedly increased from normal oral epithelial cells to primary OSCC. Strong cytoplasmic staining was significantly higher in primary OSCC compared to normal oral mucosa samples (51 vs. 20%, p = 0.019). Furthermore, MAC30 expression levels in primary tumors of patients with lymph node metastasis exceeded levels in those without metastasis (65 vs. 35%, p = 0.048), and MAC30 expression in poorly differentiated tumors was higher than in well-differentiated ones (90 vs. 39%, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Overexpression of MAC30 in the cytoplasm of OSCC may predict nodal metastasis and poor differentiation.
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| 11. |
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| 15. |
- Carlemalm, Hong Cui, 1971-
(författare)
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Studies on controllability of integrated process systems
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In response to stricter requirements on increased efficiencyand reduced environmental impact, production plants in theprocess industries are becoming tightly integrated withextensive recycling of material and energy. This thesisconsiders some consequences of such recycling for the dynamicbehavior of process systems. The focus is on the dynamics ofmain importance for the ability to handle process systems usingfeedback control, i.e. the plant controllability.It is shown that material and energy recycling imposepartial feedback mechanisms in a plant, and that such partialfeedback can induce unstable zero dynamics in control relevanttransfer-functions. The presence of unstable zero dynamics willimply a hard limitation in the process controllability.Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence ofunstable zero dynamics as a consequence of partial feedback arederived. The conditions are well suited for incorporation in aprocess design framework for dealing with controllabilitythrough process design. The derived results are of relevancealso to other systems with partial feedback, e.g. decentralizedfeedback control systems.The disturbance sensitivity of an integrated plant is to alarge extent caused by interactions between various processunits, imposed by recycle flows. In this thesis, a systematicmethod is proposed for modifying these interactions, so as toreduce the disturbance sensitivity to a desired level, usingstorage capacities integrated in the plant. It is shown thatthe minimal required capacity for a given disturbancesensitivity reduction is obtained with a plug flow (delay) tankintegrated in the recycle path, combined with a mixed tankcascaded with the plant. The delay tank serves to modify thefeedback properties imposed by the recycle flow, while themixed tank acts as a low-pass filter. It is shown that the sizeof capacities required with the proposed method can besignificantly smaller than that required by a traditionalcascaded buffer system. The use of integrated buffers with theaim of stabilizing unstable process systems is alsoaddressed.The last part of the thesis considers the effect of processintegration on the controllability of a bleach plant in thepulp and paper industry. A flexible dynamic model, allowing forvarious degrees of integration to be studied, is constructedand calibrated against available data. A controllabilityanalysis reveals that, while the low-frequency disturbancesensitivity is significantly increased by the integration, thecontrollability is only slightly affected. A systems analysis,based on decomposing the overall model, is used to explain theresults of the controllability analysis.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Cohen, David, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Exponential integrators for stochastic Maxwell's equations driven by Itô noise
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2716 .- 0021-9991. ; 410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents explicit exponential integrators for stochastic Maxwell's equations driven by both multiplicative and additive noises. By utilizing the regularity estimate of the mild solution, we first prove that the strong order of the numerical approximation is [Formula presented] for general multiplicative noise. Combining a proper decomposition with the stochastic Fubini's theorem, the strong order of the proposed scheme is shown to be 1 for additive noise. Moreover, for linear stochastic Maxwell's equation with additive noise, the proposed time integrator is shown to preserve exactly the symplectic structure, the evolution of the energy as well as the evolution of the divergence in the sense of expectation. Several numerical experiments are presented in order to verify our theoretical findings.
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| 18. |
- Cui Carlemalm, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Performance limitations in decentralized control
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Process Control. - 0959-1524 .- 1873-2771. ; 12:4, s. 485-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In decentralized control of multivariable systems. the system is decomposed into a number of subsystems and individual controllers are designed for each subsystem. Advantages of such decomposition include reduced modelling requirements and case of implementation. However, a potential disadvantage is a reduction in achievable control performance due to restricted controller structure. In this paper we consider performance limitations from non-minimum phase transmission zeros in decentralized control. In particular, we derive conditions on when closing the loop around one subsystem moves transmission zeros of other subsystems across the imaginary axis. Such zero crossings may occur regardless of the existence of non-minmum phase behavior in the open-loop system, and may, therefore, represent performance limitations specific to the use of decentralized controllers.
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| 19. |
- Cui, Hong-Guang, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, structures and electrochemical properties of hydroxyl- and pyridyl-functionalized diiron azadithiolate complexes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Polyhedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-5387 .- 1873-3719. ; 26:4, s. 904-910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydroxyl- and pyridyl-functionalized diiron azadithiolate complexes [[(mu-SCH2)(2)N(CH2CH2OH)}Fe-2(CO)(6)] (1) and [{(mu-SCH2)(2)N(CH2CH2OOCPy)} Fe-2(CO)(6)] (Py = pyridyl) (2) were prepared as biomimetic models of the active site of Fe-only hydrogenases. Both complexes were characterized by MS, IR, H-1 NMR spectra and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 1 and 2 were determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. A network is constructed by intermolecular H-bonds in the crystals of 1. An S center dot center dot center dot O intermolecular contact was found in the crystals of 2, which is scarcely found for organometallic complexes. Cyclic voltammograms of 1 and 2 were studied to evaluate their redox properties.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Cui, Liang, et al.
(författare)
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Four additional natural 7-deazaguanine derivatives in phages and how to make them
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 51:17, s. 9214-9226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bacteriophages and bacteria are engaged in a constant arms race, continually evolving new molecular tools to survive one another. To protect their genomic DNA from restriction enzymes, the most common bacterial defence systems, double-stranded DNA phages have evolved complex modifications that affect all four bases. This study focuses on modifications at position 7 of guanines. Eight derivatives of 7-deazaguanines were identified, including four previously unknown ones: 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-(methylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (mdPreQ(1)), 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-(formylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (fdPreQ(1)), 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-deazaguanine (dDG) and 2 & PRIME;-deoxy-7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine (dCDG). These modifications are inserted in DNA by a guanine transglycosylase named DpdA. Three subfamilies of DpdA had been previously characterized: bDpdA, DpdA1, and DpdA2. Two additional subfamilies were identified in this work: DpdA3, which allows for complete replacement of the guanines, and DpdA4, which is specific to archaeal viruses. Transglycosylases have now been identified in all phages and viruses carrying 7-deazaguanine modifications, indicating that the insertion of these modifications is a post-replication event. Three enzymes were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of these newly identified DNA modifications: 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine decarboxylase (DpdL), dPreQ(1) formyltransferase (DpdN) and dPreQ(1) methyltransferase (DpdM), which was experimentally validated and harbors a unique fold not previously observed for nucleic acid methylases.
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| 22. |
- Cui, Weiyingqi, et al.
(författare)
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High expression of cytoplasmic FOXO3 protein associated with poor prognosis of rectal cancer patients : A study from Swedish clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy to big database analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Accumulating evidence has implicated a pivotal role for FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 in cancer progression. The majority of researches focused on the functions of these proteins in drug resistance, but their relationships with radiotherapy (RT) response remain unclear. In this study, we examined protein expression of FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 and their clinical significance in a Swedish rectal cancer trial of preoperative RT.METHODS: Expression of FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry in patient samples. Genetic analysis of FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 were performed by cBioportal and MEXPRESS database. Gene-gene network analysis was conducted using GeneMANIA. Functional enrichment analysis was performed based on LinkedOmics and Metascape online software.RESULTS: FOXO3 and FOXM1were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm in both normal and tumour tissues, and SIRT6 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in normal and tumour tissues. FOXO3 and FOXM1 expression increased from normal mucosa to primary cancer (P < 0.001), while SIRT6 expression decreased from normal mucosa to primary cancer (P < 0.001). High FOXO3 expression correlated with late TNM stage (P = 0.040), distant metastasis (P = 0.032) and independently with disease free survival (DFS) in the RT patients (HR = 7.948; P = 0.049; 95% CI = 1.002-63.032) but not in non-RT patients (P > 0.05). Genetic analysis indicated that DNA methylation status contributed to FOXO3 overexpression. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that FOXO3 was closely related to metabolism-related signalling pathway which in turn associated with cancer radioresistance. Moreover, there were strong gene-gene interactions between FOXO3 and metabolism-related signalling.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that FOXO3 may be a prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients with RT.
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| 23. |
- Cui, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Accurate photovoltaic measurement of organic cells for indoor applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Joule. - : CELL PRESS. - 2542-4351. ; 5:5, s. 1016-1023
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Photovoltaic (PV) cells offer a convenient energy source to drive micropower electronic devices for indoor applications. However, it is challenging to measure the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PV cells under indoor lighting and the PV community lacks a feasible and accurate measurement protocol. Here, we start with the fundamental parameters which determine the PCE, and carefully design a series of experiments to examine the origins which might cause measurement errors for organic PV measurements under indoor lighting. We demonstrate the critical importance of: 1, temporal stability and spatial homogeneity of the light sources, 2, calibration of the spectral irradiance and illuminations of the light sources, 3, the area of the cells (1 cm2 or large cells are preferred), 4, the aperture of the mask (an aperture slightly smaller than the cell area is preferred), and 5, stray lights from the measurement environment. Based on these careful investigations, we suggest a feasible measurement method, by which accurate measurement of the indoor PV efficiency is made possible. Our study will promote the healthy development of indoor PV technology for practical applications.
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| 24. |
- Cui, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Over 16% efficiency organic photovoltaic cells enabled by a chlorinated acceptor with increased open-circuit voltages
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broadening the optical absorption of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials by enhancing the intramolecular push-pull effect is a general and effective method to improve the power conversion efficiencies of OPV cells. However, in terms of the electron acceptors, the most common molecular design strategy of halogenation usually results in down-shifted molecular energy levels, thereby leading to decreased open-circuit voltages in the devices. Herein, we report a chlorinated non-fullerene acceptor, which exhibits an extended optical absorption and meanwhile displays a higher voltage than its fluorinated counterpart in the devices. This unexpected phenomenon can be ascribed to the reduced non-radiative energy loss (0.206 eV). Due to the simultaneously improved short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage, a high efficiency of 16.5% is achieved. This study demonstrates that finely tuning the OPV materials to reduce the bandgap-voltage offset has great potential for boosting the efficiency.
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| 25. |
- Cui, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Single-Junction Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Approaching 18% Efficiency
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 32:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimizing the molecular structures of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials is one of the most effective methods to boost power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). For an excellent molecular system with a certain conjugated skeleton, fine tuning the alky chains is of considerable significance to fully explore its photovoltaic potential. In this work, the optimization of alkyl chains is performed on a chlorinated nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) named BTP-4Cl-BO (a Y6 derivative) and very impressive photovoltaic parameters in OPV cells are obtained. To get more ordered intermolecular packing, the n-undecyl is shortened at the edge of BTP-eC11 to n-nonyl and n-heptyl. As a result, the NFAs of BTP-eC9 and BTP-eC7 are synthesized. The BTP-eC7 shows relatively poor solubility and thus limits its application in device fabrication. Fortunately, the BTP-eC9 possesses good solubility and, at the same time, enhanced electron transport property than BTP-eC11. Significantly, due to the simultaneously enhanced short-circuit current density and fill factor, the BTP-eC9-based single-junction OPV cells record a maximum PCE of 17.8% and get a certified value of 17.3%. These results demonstrate that minimizing the alkyl chains to get suitable solubility and enhanced intermolecular packing has a great potential in further improving its photovoltaic performance.
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| 26. |
- Deans, Andrew R, et al.
(författare)
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Finding Our Way through Phenotypes.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS Biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1545-7885. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite a large and multifaceted effort to understand the vast landscape of phenotypic data, their current form inhibits productive data analysis. The lack of a community-wide, consensus-based, human- and machine-interpretable language for describing phenotypes and their genomic and environmental contexts is perhaps the most pressing scientific bottleneck to integration across many key fields in biology, including genomics, systems biology, development, medicine, evolution, ecology, and systematics. Here we survey the current phenomics landscape, including data resources and handling, and the progress that has been made to accurately capture relevant data descriptions for phenotypes. We present an example of the kind of integration across domains that computable phenotypes would enable, and we call upon the broader biology community, publishers, and relevant funding agencies to support efforts to surmount today's data barriers and facilitate analytical reproducibility.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Hu, Jiwen, et al.
(författare)
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A rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for Hg2+ and its application for biological visualization
- 2014
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : Elsevier. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 203, s. 452-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new visible light excitable fluorescent probe (1) is synthesized by appending a hydroxymethyl-pyridine to rhodamine B hydrazide. The probe displays very specific Hg2+-induced colour change and fluorescent enhancement in the aqueous systems. The "turn-on" response of fluorescence is based on a binding-induced ring-opening process from the spirolactam (nonfluorescent) to acyclic xanthene (fluorescent) in rhodamine B. The coordinating atoms O-center dot-N-N-O-center dot from the hydroxymethyl-pyridine and rhodamine B hydrazide play dominant role in the formation of a complex with 1:1 stoichiometry of Hg2+ to 1. It exhibits a linear response in the range of 0.1-5 mu M with the limit of detection (LOD) of 15.7 nM (3 sigma/slope), while the calculated value of the association constant of Hg2+/1 is 0.70 x 10(5) M-1. Furthermore, confocal microscopy imaging experiment demonstrates the probe 1 can be applied as a fluorescent probe for visualization of Hg2+ in living HeLa cells.
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| 29. |
- Hu, Zhang-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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A facile "click" reaction to fabricate a FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent Cu2+ probe
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of materials chemistry. B. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-750X .- 2050-7518. ; 2:28, s. 4467-4472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A facile one-step Cu(I)-catalyzed "click" reaction, between a dansyl-azide and a propargyl-substituted rhodamine B hydrazide, is employed to fabricate a novel FRET ratiometric "off-on" fluorescent probe. The sensitive emission of the donor, a dansyl group, overlaps perfectly with the absorption of the acceptor, xanthene in the open-ring rhodamine. The proposed probe shows high selectivity towards Cu2+. The ratio of emission intensities at 568 and 540 nm (I-568/I-540) exhibits a drastic 28-fold enhancement upon addition of Cu2+. The probe shows an excellent linear relationship between emission ratios and the concentrations of Cu2+ from 10 to 50 mu M, with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.12 mu M. The preliminary cellular studies demonstrated that the probe is cell membrane permeable and could be applied for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of intracellular Cu2+ with almost no cytotoxicity. The ingenuity of the probe design is to construct a FRET donor-acceptor interconnector and a selective receptor simultaneously by "click" reaction. The strategy was verified to have great potential for developing novel FRET probes for Cu2+.
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| 30. |
- Hu, Zhang-Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of ethylenediamine-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for solid-phase extraction of lead cations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 19:4, s. 1237-1244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionEthylenediamine-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-EDA-I and MWCNTs-EDA-II) are optimized and employed to investigate the preconcentration of lead ions (Pb(II)) in trace level.ResultsThe results show that Pb(II) can be adsorbed quantitatively on the optimized MWCNTs in the range of pH 4–7 and MWCNTs-EDA-I has a higher maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity (157.19 mg/g) than MWCNTs-EDA-II (89.16 mg/g). The adsorbed Pb(II) can be eluted completely using 5 mL of 1 mol/L HNO3.DiscussionA new approach using a microcolumn packed with the obtained MWCNTs-EDA-I has been developed for the preconcentration of trace amount of Pb(II). Parameters influencing the preconcentration of Pb(II), such as pH of the sample, sample volume, elution solution, and interfering ions, have been examined and optimized in detail. Under optimum experimental conditions, the limit of detection is 0.30 ng/mL with the enrichment factor of 60. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D) was 2.6% at the 20 ng/mL Pb(II) level.ConclusionThe method has been applied for the preconcentration of trace amount of Pb(II) in environmental water samples with satisfying results.
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| 31. |
- Jiang, Pengfei, et al.
(författare)
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VLBI detection of the AE Aqr twin, LAMOST J024048.51+195226.9
- 2024
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. - 1745-3925 .- 1745-3933. ; 528:1, s. L112-L116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- LAMOST J024048.51+195226.9 (J0240+1952) was recently identified as the second AE Aquarii (AE Aqr)-type cataclysmic variable, possessing the fastest known rotating white dwarf. We performed a Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observation of J0240+1952 utilizing the European VLBI Network at 1.7 GHz, to obtain the first view of the radio morphology on mas scale. Our high-resolution VLBI image clearly shows that the radio emission is compact on mas scale (≲2 AU), with no evidence for a radio jet or extended emission. The compact radio source has an average flux density of ∼0.37 mJy, and its brightness temperature is given at ∼2.3 × 107 K, confirming a non-thermal origin. The emission exhibits irregular variations on a time-scale of tens of minutes, similar to the radio flares seen in AE Aqr. The measured VLBI position of J0240+1952 is consistent with that derived from Gaia. Our results favour the model in which the radio emission is attributed to a superposition of synchrotron radiation from expanding magnetized blobs of this system.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Leebens-Mack, James H., et al.
(författare)
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One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 574:7780, s. 679-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000-500,000 species(1,2) of great diversity and have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative, we sequenced the vegetative transcriptomes of 1,124 species that span the diversity of plants in a broad sense (Archaeplastida), including green plants (Viridiplantae), glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) and red algae (Rhodophyta). Our analysis provides a robust phylogenomic framework for examining the evolution of green plants. Most inferred species relationships are well supported across multiple species tree and supermatrix analyses, but discordance among plastid and nuclear gene trees at a few important nodes highlights the complexity of plant genome evolution, including polyploidy, periods of rapid speciation, and extinction. Incomplete sorting of ancestral variation, polyploidization and massive expansions of gene families punctuate the evolutionary history of green plants. Notably, we find that large expansions of gene families preceded the origins of green plants, land plants and vascular plants, whereas whole-genome duplications are inferred to have occurred repeatedly throughout the evolution of flowering plants and ferns. The increasing availability of high-quality plant genome sequences and advances in functional genomics are enabling research on genome evolution across the green tree of life.
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| 34. |
- Li, Jian Feng, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional landscape of B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on an international study of 1,223 cases
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 115:50, s. 11711-11720
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP ALL) can be classified into known major genetic subtypes, while a substantial proportion of BCP ALL remains poorly characterized in relation to its underlying genomic abnormalities. We therefore initiated a large-scale international study to reanalyze and delineate the transcriptome landscape of 1,223 BCP ALL cases using RNA sequencing. Fourteen BCP ALL gene expression subgroups (G1 to G14) were identified. Apart from extending eight previously described subgroups (G1 to G8 associated with MEF2D fusions, TCF3–PBX1 fusions, ETV6–RUNX1–positive/ETV6–RUNX1–like, DUX4 fusions, ZNF384 fusions, BCR–ABL1/Ph–like, high hyperdiploidy, and KMT2A fusions), we defined six additional gene expression subgroups: G9 was associated with both PAX5 and CRLF2 fusions; G10 and G11 with mutations in PAX5 (p.P80R) and IKZF1 (p.N159Y), respectively; G12 with IGH–CEBPE fusion and mutations in ZEB2 (p.H1038R); and G13 and G14 with TCF3/4–HLF and NUTM1 fusions, respectively. In pediatric BCP ALL, subgroups G2 to G5 and G7 (51 to 65/67 chromosomes) were associated with low-risk, G7 (with ≤50 chromosomes) and G9 were intermediate-risk, whereas G1, G6, and G8 were defined as high-risk subgroups. In adult BCP ALL, G1, G2, G6, and G8 were associated with high risk, while G4, G5, and G7 had relatively favorable outcomes. This large-scale transcriptome sequence analysis of BCP ALL revealed distinct molecular subgroups that reflect discrete pathways of BCP ALL, informing disease classification and prognostic stratification. The combined results strongly advocate that RNA sequencing be introduced into the clinical diagnostic workup of BCP ALL. four decades, most of the recurring chromosomal abnormalities, including aneuploidy, chromosomal rearrangements/gene fusions (e.g., ETV6–RUNX1, BCR–ABL1, and TCF3–PBX1), and rearrangements of KMT2A (previously MLL), were identified by.
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| 35. |
- Li, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Reversing the reduced level of endometrial GLUT4 expression in polycystic ovary syndrome: a mechanistic study of metformin action.
- 2015
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Ingår i: American journal of translational research. - 1943-8141. ; 7:3, s. 574-86
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conflicting results have been reported regarding whether or not insulin-regulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is expressed in human and rodent endometria. There is an inverse relationship between androgen levels and insulin-dependent glucose metabolism in women. Hyperandrogenemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance are believed to contribute to endometrial abnormalities in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, it has been unclear in previous studies if endometrial GLUT4 expression is regulated by androgen-dependent androgen receptors (ARs) and/or the insulin receptor/Akt/mTOR signaling network. In this study, we demonstrate that GLUT4 is expressed in normal endometrial cells (mainly in the epithelial cells) and is down-regulated under conditions of hyperandrogenemia in tissues from PCOS patients and in a 5α-dihydrotestosterone-induced PCOS-like rat model. Western blot analysis revealed reduced endometrial GLUT4 expression and increased AR expression in PCOS patients. However, the reduced GLUT4 level was not always associated with an increase in AR in PCOS patients when comparing non-hyperplasia with hyperplasia. Using a human tissue culture system, we investigated the molecular basis by which GLUT4 regulation in endometrial hyperplasia tissues is affected by metformin in PCOS patients. We show that specific endogenous organic cation transporter isoforms are regulated by metformin, and this suggests a direct effect of metformin on endometrial hyperplasia. Moreover, we demonstrate that metformin induces GLUT4 expression and inhibits AR expression and blocks insulin receptor/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in the same hyperplasia human tissues. These findings indicate that changes in endometrial GLUT4 expression in PCOS patients involve the androgen-dependent alteration of AR expression and changes in the insulin receptor/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling network.
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| 36. |
- Lin, Jia, et al.
(författare)
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Thermochromic halide perovskite solar cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-1122 .- 1476-4660. ; 17:3, s. 261-267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart photovoltaic windows represent a promising green technology featuring tunable transparency and electrical power generation under external stimuli to control the light transmission and manage the solar energy. Here, we demonstrate a thermochromic solar cell for smart photovoltaic window applications utilizing the structural phase transitions in inorganic halide perovskite caesium lead iodide/bromide. The solar cells undergo thermally-driven, moisture-mediated reversible transitions between a transparent non-perovskite phase (81.7% visible transparency) with low power output and a deeply coloured perovskite phase (35.4% visible transparency) with high power output. The inorganic perovskites exhibit tunable colours and transparencies, a peak device efficiency above 7%, and a phase transition temperature as low as 105 degrees C. We demonstrate excellent device stability over repeated phase transition cycles without colour fade or performance degradation. The photovoltaic windows showing both photoactivity and thermochromic features represent key stepping-stones for integration with buildings, automobiles, information displays, and potentially many other technologies.
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| 37. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of silver nanoparticles on human cells : effect of particle size
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nanotoxicology. - New York : Informa Healthcare. - 1743-5390 .- 1743-5404. ; 4:3, s. 319-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work investigated the cytotoxicities of three silver nanoparticles (SNPs) SNP-5, SNP-20 and SNP-50 with different sizes ( approximately 5 nm, approximately 20 nm and approximately 50 nm) using four human cell models (A549, SGC-7901, HepG2 and MCF-7). Endpoints included cell morphology, cell viability, cellular membrane integrity, oxidative stress and cell cycle progression. Observable deleterious effects on the cell morphologies and membrane integrity were induced by SNP-5 and SNP-20. SNPs elevated the ROS levels in cells and arrested the cells at S phase. Apoptosis occurred for 4-9% of the exposed cells. All these cellular responses as well as EC50 values were found to be size-dependent for the tested SNPs. Ultrastructural observations confirmed the presence of SNPs inside cells. Elemental analysis of silver in cells by ICP-MS showed that smaller nanoparticles enter cells more easily than larger ones, which may be the cause of higher toxic effects. The findings may assist in the design of SNP applications and provide insights into their toxicity.
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| 38. |
- Lv, Zhong-Peng, et al.
(författare)
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Visualizing noncovalent interactions and property prediction of submicron-sized charge-transfer crystals from ab-initio determined structures
- 2024
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Ingår i: Small Methods. - 2366-9608.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The charge-transfer (CT) interactions between organic compounds are reflected in the (opto)electronic properties. Determining and visualizing crystal structures of CT complexes are essential for the design of functional materials with desirable properties. Complexes of pyranine (PYR), methyl viologen (MV), and their derivatives are the most studied water-based CT complexes. Nevertheless, very few crystal structures of CT complexes have been reported so far. In this study, the structures of two PYRs-MVs CT crystals and a map of the noncovalent interactions using 3D electron diffraction (3DED) are reported. Physical properties, e.g., band structure, conductivity, and electronic spectra of the CT complexes and their crystals are investigated and compared with a range of methods, including solid and liquid state spectroscopies and highly accurate quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The combination of 3DED, spectroscopy, and DFT calculation can provide important insight into the structure-property relationship of crystalline CT materials, especially for submicrometer-sized crystals.
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| 39. |
- Newell, Felicity, et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome landscape of mucosal melanoma reveals diverse drivers and therapeutic targets
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of key drivers and therapeutic targets in mucosal melanoma is limited due to the paucity of comprehensive mutation data on this rare tumor type. To better understand the genomic landscape of mucosal melanoma, here we describe whole genome sequencing analysis of 67 tumors and validation of driver gene mutations by exome sequencing of 45 tumors. Tumors have a low point mutation burden and high numbers of structural variants, including recurrent structural rearrangements targeting TERT, CDK4 and MDM2. Significantly mutated genes are NRAS, BRAF, NF1, KIT, SF3B1, TP53, SPRED1, ATRX, HLA-A and CHD8. SF3B1 mutations occur more commonly in female genital and anorectal melanomas and CTNNB1 mutations implicate a role for WNT signaling defects in the genesis of some mucosal melanomas. TERT aberrations and ATRX mutations are associated with alterations in telomere length. Mutation profiles of the majority of mucosal melanomas suggest potential susceptibility to CDK4/6 and/or MEK inhibitors.
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| 40. |
- Okely, Anthony D., et al.
(författare)
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Global effect of COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep among 3-to 5-year-old children : a longitudinal study of 14 countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BMC. - 1471-2458. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe restrictions associated with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes to young childrens daily routines and habits. The impact on their participation in movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary screen time and sleep) is unknown. This international longitudinal study compared young childrens movement behaviours before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsParents of children aged 3-5years, from 14 countries (8 low- and middle-income countries, LMICs) completed surveys to assess changes in movement behaviours and how these changes were associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys were completed in the 12months up to March 2020 and again between May and June 2020 (at the height of restrictions). Physical activity (PA), sedentary screen time (SST) and sleep were assessed via parent survey. At Time 2, COVID-19 factors including level of restriction, environmental conditions, and parental stress were measured. Compliance with the World Health Organizations (WHO) Global guidelines for PA (180min/day [>= 60min moderate- vigorous PA]), SST (<= 1h/day) and sleep (10-13h/day) for children under 5years of age, was determined.ResultsNine hundred- forty-eight parents completed the survey at both time points. Children from LMICs were more likely to meet the PA (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AdjOR]=2.0, 95%Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0,3.8) and SST (AdjOR=2.2, 95%CI 1.2,3.9) guidelines than their high-income country (HIC) counterparts. Children who could go outside during COVID-19 were more likely to meet all WHO Global guidelines (AdjOR=3.3, 95%CI 1.1,9.8) than those who were not. Children of parents with higher compared to lower stress were less likely to meet all three guidelines (AdjOR=0.5, 95%CI 0.3,0.9).ConclusionPA and SST levels of children from LMICs have been less impacted by COVID-19 than in HICs. Ensuring children can access an outdoor space, and supporting parents mental health are important prerequisites for enabling pre-schoolers to practice healthy movement behaviours and meet the Global guidelines.
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| 41. |
- Pan, Qinying, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafast charge transfer dynamics in 2D covalent organic frameworks/Re-complex hybrid photocatalyst
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhenium(I)-carbonyl-diimine complexes have emerged as promising photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction with covalent organic frameworks recognized as perfect sensitizers and scaffold support. Such Re complexes/covalent organic frameworks hybrid catalysts have demonstrated high carbon dioxide reduction activities but with strong excitation energy-dependence. In this paper, we rationalize this behavior by the excitation energy-dependent pathways of internal photo-induced charge transfer studied via transient optical spectroscopies and time-dependent density-functional theory calculation. Under band-edge excitation, the excited electrons are quickly injected from covalent organic frameworks moiety into catalytic RheniumI center within picosecond but followed by fast backward geminate recombination. While under excitation with high-energy photon, the injected electrons are located at high-energy levels in RheniumI centers with longer lifetime. Besides those injected electrons to RheniumI center, there still remain some long-lived electrons in covalent organic frameworks moiety which is transferred back from RheniumI. This facilitates the two-electron reaction of carbon dioxide conversion to carbon monoxide.
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| 42. |
- Qin, Changliang, et al.
(författare)
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Process optimizations to recessed e-SiGe source/drain for performance enhancement in 22 nm all-last high-k/metal-gate pMOSFETs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Solid-State Electronics. - : Elsevier. - 0038-1101 .- 1879-2405. ; 123, s. 38-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the technology of recessed embedded SiGe (e-SiGe) source/drain (S/D) module is optimized for the performance enhancement in 22 nm all-last high-k/metal-gate (HK/MG) pMOSFETs. Different Si recess-etch techniques were applied in S/D regions to increase the strain in the channel and subsequently, improve the performance of transistors. A new recess-etch method consists of a two-step etch method is proposed. This process is an initial anisotropic etch for the formation of shallow trench followed by a final isotropic etch. By introducing the definition of the upper edge distance (D) between the recessed S/D region and the channel region, the process advantage of the new approach is clearly presented. It decreases the value of D than those by conventional one-step isotropic or anisotropic etch of Si. Therefore, the series resistance is reduced and the channel strain is increased, which confirmed by the simulation results. The physical reason of D reducing is analyzed in brief. Applying this recess design, the implant conditions for S/D extension (SDE) are also optimized by using a two-step implantation of BF2 in SiGe layers. The overlap space between doping junction and channel region has great effect on the device's performance. The designed implantation profile decreases the overlap space while keeps a shallow junction depth for a controllable short channel effect. The channel resistance as well as the transfer ID-VG curves varying with different process conditions are demonstrated. It shows the drive current of the device with the optimized SDE implant condition and Si recess-etch process is obviously improved. The change trend of on-off current distributions extracted from a series of devices confirmed the conclusions. This study provides a useful guideline for developing high performance strained PMOS SiGe technology.
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| 43. |
- Qin, C., et al.
(författare)
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Study of sigma-shaped source/drain recesses for embedded-SiGe pMOSFETs
- 2017
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Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 0167-9317 .- 1873-5568. ; 181, s. 22-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the manufacturing process and formation mechanism study of sigma-shaped source/drain (S/D) recess in 28 nm node pMOSFETs and beyond have been presented. The mechanism of forming sigma-shaped recesses included a detailed analysis how to apply the dry and wet etching to shape the recess in a controlled way. The key factors in etching parameters were identified and optimized. Simulations of strain distributions in the channel region of the devices with selectively grown Si0.65Ge0.35 on different S/D recess shapes were carried out and the results were used as feedback to find out a trade-off between maximum strain in the channel region of the transistors and low short channel effect. Finally, guidelines for designing the shape of recess and for tuning the etching parameters for high mobility transistors have been proposed.
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| 44. |
- Radamson, Henry H., et al.
(författare)
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Miniaturization of CMOS
- 2019
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Ingår i: Micromachines. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-666X. ; 10:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS) started almost five decades ago, the metal oxide effect transistor (MOSFET) as units in integrated circuits (IC) continuously miniaturized. The transistor structure has radically changed from its original planar 2D architecture to today's 3D Fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) along with new designs for gate and source/drain regions and applying strain engineering. This article presents how the MOSFET structure and process have been changed (or modified) to follow the More Moore strategy. A focus has been on methodologies, challenges, and difficulties when ITRS approaches the end. The discussions extend to new channel materials beyond the Moore era.
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| 45. |
- Radamson, Henry H., et al.
(författare)
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State of the Art and Future Perspectives in Advanced CMOS Technology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanomaterials. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-4991. ; 10:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS) is approaching the historical end point and we observe that the semiconductor industry is driving complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) further towards unknown zones. Today's transistors with 3D structure and integrated advanced strain engineering differ radically from the original planar 2D ones due to the scaling down of the gate and source/drain regions according to Moore's law. This article presents a review of new architectures, simulation methods, and process technology for nano-scale transistors on the approach to the end of ITRS technology. The discussions cover innovative methods, challenges and difficulties in device processing, as well as new metrology techniques that may appear in the near future.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
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Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
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Ingår i: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
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| 50. |
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