1. |
- Eriksson, T. Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Personality traits of prisoners as compared to general populations : signs of adjustment to the situation?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 107:1, s. 237-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two recent studies have challenged the well-established belief that offending behaviors are inversely related to the personality trait of conscientiousness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore prisoners’ levels of traits according to the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality compared to control groups, with a focus on conscientiousness. Two separate samples of inmates in Swedish high-security prisons were investigated in three studies. Inmates and non-inmates completed a Swedish-language translation of Goldberg’s (1999) International Personality Item Pool questionnaire (IPIP-NEO, Bäckström, 2007). Male inmates (n = 46) in Studies 1 and 2 scored higher on conscientiousness than non-inmates (norm data based on approximately 800 males, and a students’ sample), which conflicts with previous results. Study 3 further explored the conscientiousness differences on the facet level. Male and female inmates (n = 131) scored higher on order and self-discipline (even after an adjustment for social desirability) than students (n = 136). In conjunction with previous findings, these differences are interpreted as being either temporal or enduring adjustments to the prison environment. It is suggested that researchers and clinical teams should cautiously interpret the FFM factor of conscientiousness (and its facets) when planning the further treatment of inmates.
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2. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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"Managing with my Heart, Brain and Soul" : The Development of the Leadership Intelligence Questionnaire
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cooperative Education and Internships. - Cincinnati : Cooperative Education & Internship Association, Inc.. - 1933-2130 .- 0022-0132. ; 47:1, s. 61-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new Swedish leadership theory of "leadership intelligence" (Ronthy, 2006; 2013) is characterized by a work integrated learning approach. This theory arose from analysis of the experiences of managers trained in performance appraisals, and describes the balance between being a leader and being a manager. A leader develops and uses, in an integrative good balance, leadership intelligence, which comprises emotional intelligence, rational intelligence and spiritual intelligence. The aim of this study was to further develop the Leadership Intelligence Questionnaire (LIQ) created by Ronthy (which has been developed to measure leadership intelligence), and to examine its reliability. Over 400 leaders, aged 21 to 69 years completed the 71-item LIQ. A shorter, 32-item version of the LIQ was developed by confirmatory factor analysis thorough excluding psychometrically "poor" items. The internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s alpha was high (> .80), and we conclude that leadership intelligence may be reliably measured with both versions of the questionnaire. Future studies should examine the internal and external validity of the LIQ before its introduction into education or into managerial practice.
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3. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Personality traits and psychopathy (PCL-R) in male juvenile delinquents
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract State-administered correctional institutions in Sweden take care of approximately 600 juvenile delinquents every year. The treatment for these institutionalized young people is based mainly on environmental programs and milieu therapy.Fifty-six conduct-disordered juvenile delinquents (mean age 17 years) from four institutions were studied with respect to their personality traits, and the prevalence of psychopathy (measured by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised, PCL-R). One objective was to study the reliability and validity of commonly used personality inventories. In particular, the validity of psychopathy-related personality traits, included in Schalling’s psychopathy model (1978), was examined by studying the relationships between personality traits and psychopathy (PCL-R), the occurrence of previous treatment occasions, and relapse into crime. Four groups, the delinquent participants, a group of high sensation-seekers (air force pilot recruits), normal male adolescent participants, and another group of normal young males, completed a number of personality inventories, which enabled us to obtain measures of personality traits. The personality inventories used were the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales. In addition, the delinquent participants were rated on psychopathy according to the modified version of the PCL-R, designed to be used with young people (Fort, Hart, & Hare, 1990). Both variable-oriented (factor analysis, MANOVA) and person-oriented statistical methods (cluster analysis) were applied.As expected, most personality traits in the delinquent participants deviated from published norms and from our control groups. The delinquent participants showed a high level of pathology or vulnerability for developing mental disorders (such as substance abuse). About 60% of the delinquent participants had scores above 30 on the PCL-R, and were thus classified as psychopaths according to the manual. Further, 73% had scores between 27 and 40, indicating a high level of psychopathy. Delinquent participants showed a different pattern of sensation-seeking behavior than air force pilot recruits and normal adolescent participants, and differed also in other personality traits. They had a low level of socialization, indicating a lack of ability to take the role of the generalized other, and a tendency to impulsiveness, somatic anxiety and extraversion-sociability. The construct validity (convergent and divergent) of the KSP scales was found to be adequate. Some of the personality traits in delinquent participants, however, showed a different correlation pattern than that found in noncriminal people. Some of the basic scales from the KSP had high reliability, but many were not reliable when used on delinquent participants. Four factors were extracted using the maximum likelihood method. No significant correlations were found between the personality scale scores and the PCL-R scores. Finally, cluster analysis of the reliable and valid psychopathy-related personality scales from the KSP (Impulsiveness, Monotony avoidance, Socialization, Verbal aggression, and Somatic anxiety) identified seven different clusters of delinquent participants.The uncertain validity of some personality traits (e.g., psychoticism or detachment), the poor reliability of many of the KSP scales (e.g., Guilt, Suspicion, and Inhibition of aggression) when used on this population, together with some minor limitations of the studies (e.g., sample size) are discussed.In conclusion, the high prevalence of psychopathy in the present sample of male delinquent participants may have important clinical treatment implications, particularly since some researchers have suggested that milieu therapy increases relapse rates into crime in adult psychopaths. Hopefully, appropriate assessment of personality traits and psychopathy (in addition to obvious routine assessments of mental disorders, such as substance abuse or disabilities such as dyslexia), supervision, and the implementation of effective correctional programs, may prevent young people with deviant personalities from aggravating their deviant style of living. Key words: Personality traits, psychopathy (PCL-R), juvenile delinquents, reliability, validity, assessment.
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4. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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"You have to use your brain, heart and soul" : A new model of Leadership Intelligence
- 2012
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Ingår i: ViLär Konferens 2012 ABSTRACT. ; , s. 18-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leadership intelligence is a new Swedish leadership model (Ronthy, 2006; in press). The aim of this presentation is to present and discuss some results from a project “Studies on a new Swedish leadership model.” The aim of this project was to empirically test and develop a practicable management model based on the theory of leadership intelligence. Leadership intelligence consists of a number of competencies, skills and attributes. Leadership intelligence is a combination of the leader’s logical and analytical skills, his/her ability to manage his own and others’ emotions, and finally his deeper desire and willingness to see the meaning of what he is doing. The latter intelligence belongs to the existential query field and answers the question WHY. Today, according to Ronthy, executives focus on WHAT, very little on HOW, and rarely on WHY. Leadership should include all these three dimensions. Over 400 leaders, aged 21 to 69 years, from different organizations and companies made self-reports by logging on to the Internet using a recently designed questionnaire for how managers perceive their leadership. Traditional statistical methods (factor analyses, SEM) as well as qualitative interviews with leaders, suggest a possible relationship between theory and empirical data. We have focused on developing of a relatively short, reliable and valid self-report measure of leadership intelligence that can be further developed and applied in different practical situations.
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5. |
- Ekegren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership Intelligence Before and After Participation in UGL Leadership Training
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Transpersonal Studies. - 1321-0122 .- 1942-3241. ; 34:1-2, s. 23-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine whether there was a difference in three types of leadership intelligence (spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and rational intelligence) before and after participation in a specific leadership training course. Leadership intelligence was assessed with the aid of the Leadership Intelligence Questionnaire (LIQ; Dåderman, Ronthy, Ekegren, & Mårdberg, 2013). The study included 125 participants (M = 38 years, SD = 8), 82 of whom were women. The participants achieved significantly higher mean scores in the three types of leadership intelligence after participation in leadership training, than their mean scores before the training. This professional development program may have contributed to the increase in leaders’ mean scores in leadership intelligence, hopefully leading to a higher quality of leadership.
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6. |
- Ekegren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Leadership intelligence, self-esteem and personality traits before and after participation in UGL
- 2012
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Ingår i: ViLär Konferens 2012. ; , s. 17-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 1981 the leadership training UGL (Understanding Group and Leader) has been used as a basic course for new officers, and it´s today a frequently applied concept even in the commercial sector and public administration. The objectives of the course is, in accordance with the invitation to improve the participants’ abilities working with reflections, understanding the influence of emotions, providing developing feedback, understanding how our values influence leadership as well as understanding the needs of different leadership styles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if there was a difference in the following variables: leadership intelligence (emotional, rational and spiritual intelligence), self-esteem (basic, earning and performance-based) and personality traits, before and after participating in UGL. The leadership intelligence is a new leadership model (Ronthy, 2006), and a questionnaire based on this theory is in progress. An additional aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity of this instrument. The study included 125 participants (M = 38,5 years, SD = 7,8), whereof 82 women. Everyone participated in the leadership development program UGL in 2011. Three self-assessment forms were used in the study. Before and 2 immediately after the leadership training all variables were evaluated, after six months only leadership intelligence was evaluated. The results showed significant differences before and after participation in emotional intelligence, rational intelligence, spiritual intelligence, basic self-esteem, embitterment, psychic trait anxiety, stress susceptibility and social desirability. The self-estimated increases in leadership intelligence were still at similar levels after six months. Results from correlation tests indicated theoretical plausible correlations. In the present study the self-rated emotional, the logical, as well as the spiritual intelligence measured higher after participation in UGL. This professional development program may have contributed in a positive direction to increase employees’ leadership intelligence.
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7. |
- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Be fearless : Positive affect as a mediator between venturesomeness and self-efficacy in future entrepreneurs and managers : Être intrépide : affect positif agissant comme médiateur entre l’audace et la connaissance de ses propres capacités chez les futurs entrepreneurs et managers
- 2018
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Ingår i: Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée / European Review of Applied Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 1162-9088 .- 1878-3457. ; 68:4-5, s. 171-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and objectives. – Self-efficacy, personality and different affect states in entrepreneurs and managers are important factors for effectiveness and well-being. The aim of the study was to examine in young adults during entrepreneurship-related education, the relationships between venturesomeness and self-efficacy, and the mediating effects of positive affect and positive emotions (joviality, self-assurance, attentiveness) on these relationships.Method. – One hundred and fifty-three participants (mean age 22 years) completed questionnaires that assessed venturesomeness, general self-efficacy, positive affect (measured as a state), and positive emotions. Bootstrapping analyses with simple and multiple mediators were conducted, controlled for gender, to estimate the indirect effects of positive affect and positive emotions on venturesomeness and general self-efficacy.Results. – Venturesomeness was significantly correlated with self-efficacy. Positive affect (model 1), joviality and self-assurance, but not attentiveness (model 2), were complete mediators in the relationship between venturesomeness and self-efficacy.Conclusion. – The present study provides new evidence that heightened venturesomeness is related to higher levels of positive affect, self-assurance and joviality. Venturesomeness, therefore, may strengthen self-efficacy in young people during entrepreneurship-related education, and positive emotions may lead to an aware use of resources, including self-efficacy. These results may stimulate young people to be braveand to try new experiences.
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8. |
- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Burnout among a group of policemen : the role of fatigue and emotions in the work context
- 2012
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Ingår i: Book of Proceedings. - Nottingham : I-WHO, International House, Jubilee Campus. - 9780955436598 ; , s. 125-126
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Policework is a profession with a high risk of operational and organizational stress at work. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of job-related affectivity and fatigue on burnout; specifically we aimed to study the relation between acute fatigue and burnout and the indirect role of emotion during work.We adopted the concept of burnout with two components: exhaustion and disengagement (Halbesleben & Demerouti, 2005). In this concept, exhaustion is related to the energetic aspect, and disengagement is connected to the motivational aspect. We hypothesized that acute fatigue is a precursor to burnout. According to Van Katwyk et al. (2000), psychological well-being is synonymous with work-related affectivity, and emotions are classified into four categories: high and low-arousal of pleasant emotions and high and low-arousal of unpleasant emotions. According to the theory of stress by Selye (1978), eustress and distress are assumed to be a high arousal of emotion.Methods: Acute fatigue was measured by the index in accordance with the Japan Society for Occupational Health. In order to investigate exhaustion and disengagement the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory was used (Halbesleben & Demerouti, 2005). Job-related affective well-being was used to assess emotions within the work context (Van Katwyk et al., 2000). Hierarchical regressions analyses were performed.Group: 187 policemen (28 women) filled in the questionnaires. Half of them worked in the prevention department and one-third were on duty in the criminal division. Their average work experience was 14.7 years (range 5 - 28).Results: Fatigue had a direct impact on exhaustion and disengagement. This first effect was 3 times stronger than the second. In the next step the emotions were entered into these separate models. We observed that a low arousal of unpleasant emotions had an indirect relation with fatigue and exhaustion. Additionally, a high arousal of positive and negative emotions (eustress and distress) mediated between fatigue and disengagement. These effects of partial mediation were large (f2 = .34 and f2 = .32 respectively).Conclusion: Our results indicate that a high arousal of emotions can lead to a deterioration of motivation of work, but a low arousal of negative emotions reduce energetic ability to work among policemen.
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9. |
- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue and burnout in police officers : the mediating role of emotions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Policing. - 1363-951X .- 1758-695X. ; 37:3, s. 665-680
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The policing profession is associated with psychosocial hazard. Fatigue and burnout often affect police officers, and may impair the functioning of the organization and public safety. The relationship between fatigue and burnout may be modified by job-related emotions. While negative emotions have been extensively studied, the role of positive emotions at work is relatively less known. Additionally, there is insufficient knowledge about the role of the intensity of emotions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of job-related emotions in the relationship between fatigue and burnout in police officers.Design/methodology/approach – In all, 169 police officers (26 women) completed a test battery that assessed acute fatigue, burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory: exhaustion and disengagement), and emotions (Job-related Affective Well-being Scale).Findings – Acute fatigue was associated more strongly with exhaustion than with disengagement. Low-arousal negative emotions partially mediated the relationship between fatigue and exhaustion. High-arousal positive and negative emotions were partial mediators between fatigue and disengagement experienced by police officers.Research limitations/implications – The results show that high-arousal emotions were associated with changes in work motivation, while low-arousal negative emotions reduced energetic ability to work.Originality/value – This paper enhances understanding of burnout among police officers and the mediating role of emotions. The patterns of the relationships between fatigue, burnout and emotions are discussed in the context of the conservation of resources theory and the tripartite model of anxiety and depression.
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10. |
- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue, vigor and dedication : the role of job-related emotions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Imagine the future world: How do we want to work tomorrow?. ; , s. 11-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine the role of job-related positive and negative emotions between acute fatigue at work and engagement. We tested two components of engagement: vigor (energetic aspect) and dedication (motivational aspect). We hypothesized that negative emotions mediate in energy depletion process and positive emotions mediate in broadening of energetic and motivational resources.Design/Methodology. Fatigue was measured by an index in accordance with the Japan Society for Occupational Health. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale – short version (UWES) was used to evaluate vigor and dedication (Schaufeli, Bakker, & Salanova, 2006). Job-related affective well-being (JAWS) was used to assess positive and negative emotions (Van Katwyk et al., 2000). The study group consisted of 174 police officers (the average tenure of 10 years, range 1–23).Results. Baron and Kenny approach and the Sobel test supported our hypotheses. Fatigue was more negative related to vigor than dedication. We observed that positive and negative emotions fully mediated between fatigue and vigor (large effect size f2 = .36). Additionally, positive emotions fully mediated between fatigue and dedication (medium effect size f2 = .16). We confirmed these results by the Sobel test.Limitations. The correlational design was applied.Research/Practical Implications. Our results indicate that in police officers positive emotions may lead to broadening of energetic and motivational resources.
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11. |
- Basinska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Pozytywny afekt a relacja między śmiałością, impulsywnością i własną skutecznością [Positive affectivity and the relationship between venturesomeness, impulsiveness and self-efficacy]
- 2012. - 1.
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Ingår i: Zdrowie w cyklu zycia czlowieka [Health across the life span]. - Lodz : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego. - 9788375257007 ; , s. 109-125
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent research has demonstrated a relationship between personality, affectivity and performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of basic and general positive affectivity on personality traits (venturesomeness and impulsiveness) and self-efficacy. Methods: The correlational design was used. 175 students filled in the Impulsiveness – Venturesomeness - Empathy Inventory (Eysenck et al., 1985), PANAS (Watson, Clark, 1994 - basic and general positive affectivity) and General Self-Efficacy (GESE by Schwarzer et al., 2008). Findings: Impulsiveness did not matter to the strength of self-efficacy, and was independent of positive affectivity. The results obtained indicated a significant mediating effect of basic positive affectivity, self-assurance and joviality, on the link between venturesomeness and general self-efficacy, and a direct impact of general positive affectivity on self-efficacy.
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12. |
- Basinska, Beata Aleksandra, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Bern illegitimate tasks scale using classical test and item response theories
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining a classical test theory and an item response theory (IRT), this study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Bern Illegitimate Tasks Scale (BITS) by measuring two conceptually separate dimensions capturing unnecessary tasks (perceived by employees as pointless) and unreasonable tasks (perceived as unfairly or inappropriately assigned). Data collected among Polish employees in two samples (N= 965 and N= 803) were analysed. Results from the classical test theory (parallel analysis, exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses) indicated two correlated factors with four items each, confrming the theory of illegitimate tasks. This study is the frst to report item and scale functioning using IRT analysis of each of the two dimensions of BITS. All items on each dimension had acceptable discrimination and difculty parameters. Moreover, items had measurement invariance between men and women. All levels of unnecessary and unreasonable tasks were reliably captured by BITS items. Convergent and discriminant validities of both dimensions of BITS were confrmed in relation to work overload, work performance and occupational wellbeing. We conclude that BITS, in the case of the Polish version, is psychometrically suitable to use with the working population.
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13. |
- Basińska, Beata A., et al.
(författare)
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Work Values of Police Officers and their Relationship with Job Burnout and Work Engagement
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Values represent people’s highest priorities and are cognitive representations of basic motivations. Work values determine what is important for employees in their work and what they want to achieve in their work. Past research shows that levels of both aspects of job-related well-being, job burnout and work engagement, are related to work values. The policing profession is associated with high engagement and a risk of burnout. There is a gap in the literature regarding the hierarchy of work values in police officers, how work values are associated with job burnout and work engagement in this group, and whether work values in police officers are sensitive to different levels of job burnout and work engagement. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the relationships between work values and job burnout and work engagement, in a group of experienced police officers. We investigated: (a) the hierarchy of work values based on Super’s theory of career development, (b) relationships between work values and burnout and work engagement, and (c) differences between the work values in four groups (burned-out, strained, engaged, and relaxed). A group of 234 Polish police officers completed the Work Values Inventory (WVI) modeled upon Super’s theory, the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The results show that police officers gave the highest priority to extrinsic work values. Job burnout was negatively correlated with the cognitive intrinsic work values (Creativity, Challenge, and Variety), while work engagement was positively correlated with the largest group of intrinsic work values (Creativity, Challenge, Variety, Altruism, and Achievement), as well as with the extrinsic work values (Prestige and Co-workers). The police officers showed significant differences, between levels of job burnout and work engagement, for intrinsic work values such as Variety, Challenge, and Creativity (large effects), and for Altruism and Prestige (moderate effects). The findings are discussed within the context of the Conservation of Resources theory, which explains how people invest and protect their personal resources, and how this is connected with preferred work values. We conclude that intrinsic work values are sensitive to different levels of burnout and engagement.
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14. |
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15. |
- de Colli, Daniel, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Samtidig kriterierelaterad validitet hos ett nytt svenskt arbetspsykologisk test mot arbetsprestation inom polisen
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Syftet med studien var att undersöka validiteten hos ett nytt svenskt arbetslivspsykologiskt personlighetstest, Understanding Personal Potential (UPP) (Sjöberg, 2008).Teoretiskt ramverk. Ett vanligt problem inom den tillämpade psykologin är att utifrån det begränsade stickprovets korrelation, uppskatta hur stor den korrelationen hade varit i populationen. Begränsning i spridning (”range restriction”) uppstår när stickprovet inte är perfekt representativt för den populationen som avses att generalisera till.Summering av resultaten. Som externa kriterier användes i studie 1 (N = 100) polisens lönekriterier och i studie 2 (N = 46) ett objektivt kriterium i form av antal förhör för utredare. Resultaten indikerar att vissa variabler i UPP-testet har en rimlig samtidig validitet mot de externa kriterierna. Emotionell stabilitet uppvisar god validitet mot kriterierna i enlighet med tidigare forskning. Noggrannhet uppvisar negativa samband med två av kriterierna, vilket inte bekräftar tidigare forskning. Flera av UPP-testets specifika variabler uppvisar lika god validitet eller bättre jämfört med de generella variablerna enligt FFM. Studiens resultat ger stöd framförallt för en modell bestående av personlighetsvariablerna emotionell stabilitet, samarbetsvilja, positiv grundattityd, perfektionism, arbetsvilja och balans.Slutsatser. UPP-testets sammanslagna variabler jagstyrka, stresskänslighet och chefspotential utgjorde starka prediktorer för kriterierna som mäter arbetsprestation.Praktiska och teoretiska implikationer. Personlighet spelar en betydande roll för prestation i arbetslivet. Att välja rätt personal till en organisation är en fundamental nödvändighet för att organisationen ska fungera väl. Studien bidrar till psykometrisk teori då det ansågs vara nödvändigt att korrigera resultaten för spridningsbegränsningar, vilket förespråkas av klassiska teoretiker såsom Gulliksen och Magnusson.
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16. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A Leadership Meta-Resource Factor Explicates Task Performance, Work Engagement, and Perceived Stress
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Past research links emotional leadership resources (e.g., emotional intelligence) positively with important working life outcomes, such as health, job satisfaction, job performance, organizational commitment, and leadership effectiveness. However, no study has yet described emotional leadership resources based on traits linked with work motivation and stress resilience. The aim was to describe emotional leadership resources based on traits in a novel fashion (meta-traits, based on structural trait analysis). Our hypothesis was that an emotional leadership meta-resource factor would converge with motivation and stress resilience. Participants (N = 344) were leaders aged between 23 and 65 years (M = 49, SD = 8.6; 58% women) who completed an online questionnaire including measures of common traits (e.g., trait emotional intelligence, Big Six), and coping resources. We estimated work motivation by self-rated work engagement, and stress resilience by the level of perceived stress. We used an exploratory factor analysis approach to describe and structure our data, and structural equation modelling (SEM) to test whether an emotional leadership meta-resource factor would converge with work motivation and stress resilience. Our findings revealed that the investigated traits and resources could be described along four broad emotional leadership resource factors, namely (1) Externalizing, (2) Moral goodness, (3) “Destrudo”, and (4) Rational mastery. As expected, the emotional leadership meta-resource factor showed a strong convergence (~.80) with both work motivation and stress resilience. “Externalizing” and “Rational mastery” were the most important emotional resource factors. The findings are discussed using Hobfoll’s motivational Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. It is concluded that common traits, including personality traits, and coping resources comprise an emotional leadership meta-resource factor, which to a high degree converges with work motivation and stress resilience. The results imply that organizations may strengthen work motivation and reduce stress by recruiting leaders possessing valuable emotional leadership resources.
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17. |
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18. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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An item response theory analysis of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short-Form (TEIQue-SF) in the workplace
- 2022
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trait emotional intelligence (EI) predicts important outcomes in the workplace. This study is the first one that reports item and scale functioning in the workplace using item response theory (IRT) analysis of the global 30-item Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short-Form (TEIQue-SF). Past IRT research, performed mostly on undergraduate English-speaking students, showed that several items in TEIQue-SF were poorly informative. Data collected in Sweden from 972 employed persons were analyzed. IRT with a graded response model was utilized to analyze items of the global TEIQue-SF scale. As was found in past research, the lowest response category in all items had extreme difficulty threshold parameter values, and only low and moderate levels of latent trait EI were adequately captured, but most items had good values of the discrimination parameters, indicating adequate item informativeness. Four items, which in past research have also shown weak psychometric properties, were poorly informative. To effectively measure trait EI in today’s organizations, there is an advantage in using the most informative items to best represent this construct.
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19. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Att utveckla lärandemodeller genom sociala experiment (arbetsintegrerade moment) för studenter som rekryteras genom breddad rekrytering
- 2014
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Ingår i: GRASP 2014 - Oberoende i flocken? Inkludering och exkludering som sociala processer. - Linköpings universitet.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Universitetslärare behöver goda förebilder på effektiva undervisningsmetoder. Studenter som rekryteras genom den breddade rekryteringen, dvs. personer med föräldrar som inte har akademisk bakgrund och personer som vill komplettera tidigare utbildningar, inte utesluts från akademisk framgång. Högskolan Väst toppar landets högskolor i andelen studenter med föräldrar som inte har akademisk utbildning. Under de senaste åren drabbades regionen allra hårdast vad gäller ökningen av antalet arbetslösa under finanskrisen. Sedan 2008 har 18 större nedläggningar och konkurser i Fyrbodal inträffat, och Trollhättans arbetsmarknadsområde fick en 75% ökning av arbetslösheten. Högskolan Väst har samtidigt upplevt ett högt söktryckt. De studenter som rekryteras förväntas klara av sin universitetsutbildning utan stöd hemifrån, med ett gott resultat för att upprätthålla hög genomströmning. Dessa snabba förändringar har ställt oss lärare som undervisar i metod och statistik inför frågan hur vi ska undervisa så att en hög genomströmning kan behållas med ett dessutom ständigt minskade antal undervisningstimmar. Breddad rekrytering och hög genomströmning; hur ska dessa förenas? Denna studie är ett exempel på implementering av sociala experiment som pedagogisk metod i undervisning genom visualisering av tänkbara arbetslivsmetoder (psykologiska test vid bedömning och rekrytering). Studenterna skulle kunna integrera sina arbetslivskunskaper i ett nytt lärande av experimentella metoder och statistiska analyser. Deltagarna var studenter från Personalvetarprogrammet och Human Factors-programmet. Tre grupper formades i ett experiment avseende manipulering av graden av empati. Insamlade data användes i en gemensam datafil i statistikundervisning. Andelen av betygen väl godkänd och godkänd var hög. Kursvärderingen speglade en hög grad av studenternas tillfredsställelse. Därför rekommenderas användning av sociala experiment i undervisning av ämnen som normalt anses vara svåra att förstå och tillämpa i syfte att inte utesluta studenter med föräldrar som inte har akademisk bakgrund. I ett demokratiskt samhälle ska alla studenter inkluderas, och det ska inte förekomma uteslutning av personer som antas genom den breddade rekryteringen.
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20. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bully-typifying personality traits (the Dark Triad) of workplace bullies are not shared by their victims
- 2015
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Ingår i: PSYSOC-2015 Abstracts Book. ; , s. 10-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bullying in workplaces creates great suffering for the victims and causes major consequences for the workplace atmosphere and the organization. Personality in bullies and their victims is an under-investigated issue, and some researchers have suggested that not only those who bully, but also those feeling bullied may be likely to act aggressively by sharing several bully-typifying personality traits. This investigation set out to compare levels of dark personality traits (“Dark Triad”: Machiavellianism, subclinical psychopathy, and subclinical narcissism) in workplace bullies and their victims. This study comprised 172 employed people (99 women): social workers, engineers, restaurant employees, and security personnel. The study used two questionnaires, Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and Negative Acts Questionnaire-Perpetrators (NAQ-P) to measure who feel bullied and who can be classified as bullies. Dark Triad personality traits were measured using the Short Dark Triad (SD3) self-report measure. Bivariate correlational analyses determined that the NAQ-R was positively associated with the NAQ-P (.27). Participants who reported being the target of workplace bullying were no more likely to act aggressively themselves. The NAQ-P was positively associated with Machiavellianism (.60), subclinical psychopathy (.58) and subclinical narcissism (.54). Negligible associations (.00, .01, -.14) were found between the NAQ-R and these traits. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that Machiavellianism and subclinical psychopathy, but not subclinical narcissism, related significantly to the NAQ-P. Machiavellianism alone accounted for 36% of the variance in bullying behaviour.
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21. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural adaptation, from Dutch to Swedish language, of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire
- 2020
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 65:1, s. 97-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: There is a need for a short, self-rated, validated and reliable instrument for individual work performance suitable for generic use in the Swedish work and organizational context. The Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ), comprising originally 47 items, was initially developed in the Netherlands, based on a four-dimensional conceptual framework, in which individual work performance consisted of task performance, contextual performance, adaptive performance, and counterproductive work behavior. During the development process, IWPQ was shortened to 18 items with three scales formally labeled as Task performance, Contextual performance, and Counterproductive work behavior (CWB), capturing three work performance types. The current version of the IWPQ, consisting of 18 items and three scales, was then translated as well as cross-culturally adapted to American-English and Indonesian contexts.OBJECTIVES: To translate and adapt the current IWPQ version, consisting of 18 items, from the Dutch to the Swedish context, to assess its content validity through cognitive interviews, to apply it to a pilot group to present descriptive statistics, to calculate the questionnaire’s internal consistency, as well as to clarify whether the translated items capture three or four performance types.METHODS: The Dutch version of the IWPQ, consisting of 18 items, was translated into Swedish. A six-stage translation and adaptation process was used: forward translation, synthesis, back translation, harmonization, cognitive interviews, revision, and sampling and analyses of pilot data for 206 managers (149 women) from five Swedish municipalities.RESULTS: IWPQ instructions, wording of a few items and one response form were slightly modified. The pilot testing showed Cronbach’s alphas similar to the Dutch version of the IWPQ, ranging between 0.73 and 0.82, good mean-inter-item correlations (all above 0.36). In deciding how many factors to retain, we employed both parallel analysis (PA), and Velicer’s minimum average partial (MAP) test. The number of factors to retain was, as indicated by PA, four, and by MAP, three or four. Exploratory factor analysis (principal axis factoring) revealed clearly separate factors, corresponding to four, rather than three, performance types. A new factor, roughly representing adaptive performance, comprised in the original, longer version of the IWPQ, emerged.CONCLUSIONS: The Swedish version of the IWPQ was successfully translated and adapted in a pilot group of managers. Before it is used, it should be validated in a larger group of managers and in more heterogeneous groups of both white- and blue-collar workers.
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22. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Degree of psychopathy : implications for treatment in male juvenile delinquents
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 26:3, s. 301-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal studies have consistently shown that psychopathy in adulthood has its roots in childhood. The psychopathy concept described by Cleckley (1976) involves interpersonal, affective, and behavioral aspects. Moreover, children who show low levels of anxiety respond more poorly to treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess psychopathy in 56 male juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder, treated in youth correctional institutions for severe offenders. We used a modified Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) that has been used for young people (Forth et al., 1990). Each participant received PCL-R assessments from one rater, based on the file information and an extensive interview. Twenty-eight participants (50%) were rated by the second rater. Both the ICC and Cohens’s kappa revealed that the PCL-R ratings were reliable: the ICC(2,1) of the PCL-R total scores was 0.90, F(27, 28) = 11.70, P < .0001; Cohen’s kappa = 0.64, P < .001. The final scores on the PCL-R showed that the base rate for psychopathy (defined as a score of 30 or more) in the sample was 59% (33 of 56 juvenile delinquents). The mean PCL-R total score for all 56 participants was 29.3 (S.D. = 7.8), and ranged between 12 and 40. The high rates of psychopathy found in juvenile delinquents with conduct disorder should alert clinicians to the necessity of psychopathy scoring, and shows that high-quality treatment programs are needed. Psychopathy is not currently considered when assessing and treating young people in state-administered observational and correctional institutions for juvenile delinquents in Sweden.
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23. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Degree of psychopathy and patterns of personality traits : implications for treatment in male juvenile delinquents
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have assessed psychopathy in male juvenile delinquents, and examined the relationships between patterns of psychopathy-related personality traits and psychopathy (PCL-R). Our results are complemented by data regarding previous treatment occasions and reoffending, with the aim of discussing treatment strategies.We studied 56 male juvenile delinquents whose ages ranged from 14 to 20 years, with a mean of 17 years (SD = 1.2) from four youth correctional institutions in Sweden. All of the young people had shown early onset of conduct disorder. The modified version of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R), designed to be used with young people (Forth, Hart, & Hare, 1990), was used to assess psychopathy. Personality traits were measured along five dimensions: impulsiveness, monotony avoidance, socialization, verbal aggression, and somatic anxiety; scales were taken from the Karolinska Scales of Personality.The mean PCL-R score was 29.3 in this sample (SD = 7.8), and 73% had scores between 27 and 40, indicating high degree of psychopathy; 59% of the participants had scores above 30, and, according to the manual, were classified as psychopaths. No significant correlations were found between the personality scale scores and the PCL-R scores. We discovered seven clusters; three of these were multi-psychopathological clusters (the members of these clusters had all traits deviant from what is normal), three of these consisted of participants for who the majority of traits were deviant (only one or two traits were within the normal range), and one of these consisted of participants for who all traits were within the normal range. We suggest that the classification will be helpful in managing therapeutic efforts.The results indicate that psychopathy is common in male juvenile delinquents, and that personality profile may have implications for early intervention strategies in male adolescents with conduct disorder.
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24. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Det har blivit populärt att vara psykiskt sjuk i Kalifornien : konsekvenser av den nya lagen Three-strikes and you're out law
- 2000
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Läkartidniingen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 97:51-52, s. 6038-6039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary goal of the new Three-strikes and you're out law, the law which first came into effect on 1994, was to protect innocent members of the community. A person convicted of his or her third conviction after two prior serious convictions under Three-strikes will typically receive a sentence of no less than 25 years to life in state prison. This law is well-known in California among criminals, especially repeat offenders and many of them left the state. The rate of homicides in the state has decreased by 50%. Many repeat offenders remained in California and continued to commit new crimes. Before Three-strikes was enacted, it was very uncommon for forensic psychiatrists to see criminals malingering symptoms of mental illness in any but the most serious of cases of murder or rape. Since the implementation of the new law, it has been found malingering to be much more common. Hundreds of patients at state mental hospitals fake insanity to avoid prison, costing taxpayers far more than the cost of incarceration in a prison. The most common types of malingers are discussed.
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25. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Developing courses in quantitative methods for undergraduate psychology students : teaching facilitated by experimental exercises with work-related elements
- 2016
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Ingår i: ViLär 2016, konferens 8-9 december 2016, Vänersborg. - Trollhättan : Högskolan Väst. - 9789187531460 - 9789187531477 ; , s. 3-4
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- University teachers need to develop and implement effective teaching methods when educating students who come to the university through “broadened recruitment”, that is, students with parents without higher education, and also older students who want to supplement their previous university education. These groups have, at least theoretically, more practical experiences and possible poorer study outcomes. University West tops the list of Swedish universities in the percentage of students with parents without higher education. In addition, during recent years, unemployment in the region around University West increased (by about 75%). This fact leads to a higher percentage of older students with work-related experience. These rapid changes have put us who teach methods and statistics before the question of how to teach more effectively, so that a high “throughput” can be maintained in combination with a constantly decreasing number of teaching hours. Broadening participation and high throughput: how can we make it happen? This study was an attempt to implement “learning by doing”, an activity-based teaching method where theory, practice, reflection and action are combined. In their learning of experimental methods and statistics, students at University West were expected to integrate their past and present working skills in an experiment that simulated two work-related situations (applying for employment as a manager, and applying for leave of absence from prison). In a three-group experiment, an attempt was made to manipulate the applicant’s degree of empathy, which was then measured with the IRI scale. Collected data were used in statistics education, and results were discussed with students. In subsequent knowledge tests, the proportion of the grade “fail” was low. Course evaluations reflected a high degree of student satisfaction. Therefore, the use of “learning by doing” in the teaching of statistics, which is normally considered to be difficult to understand and apply, is recommended in order to increase motivation to learn statistics.
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26. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Differences between severely conduct-disordered juvenile males and normal juvenile males: the study of personality traits
- 1999
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 26:5, s. 827-845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality traits among a group of 47 severely conduct-disordered (C-D) juvenile males from four Swedish national correctional institutions for serious offences were studied. The Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-I), including an impulsivity scale from the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy (IVE) inventory, and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales (SSS) form V, were administered to the C-D juveniles. The scores from the KSP for this group were compared to scores from a presentative group of 82 normal juvenile male subjects from the Swedish longitudinal research program Individual Development and Adaptation (IDA). Pearson product-moment correlations were calculated between the KSP scales and scales from the EPQ-I, and between the SSS and scales from the EPQ-I and KSP inventories. The C-D juveniles displayed notably higher scores than the mean normal scores on psychopathy-related personality scales. The present results are consistent with earlier findings concerning personality dimensions in adult criminal psychopaths: high scores on impulsivity and sensation seeking, and low scores on conformity reflected in low socialization and high psychoticism.
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27. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Different Personality Patterns in Non-Socialized (Juvenile Delinquents) and Socialized (Air Force Pilot Recruits) Sensation Seekers
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Personality. - : SAGE Publications. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 15, s. 239-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young delinquents are known to be sensation seekers. Not all sensation seekers become delinquents: many engage in socially accepted activities, such as mountaineering or parachute jumping. The present study compares 47 juvenile delinquents (mean age 17 years) with 18 Swedish air force pilot recruits (mean age 23 years) and 19 conscripts (mean age 18 years) as a control group. Sensation-seeking behaviour, impulsiveness, and psychiatric/psychological vulnerability were measured by the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales (SSS), the Karolinska Scales of Personality, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Two separate multivariate analyses of variance were performed, followed up by stepdown analyses to identify those personality scale scores that contributed uniquely. In order to clarify the relationships, the pooled within-group correlations among scales were computed. Juvenile delinquents and pilot recruits were both high in sensation seeking, but on different subscales. Delinquents were high in impulsiveness, somatic anxiety, and extraversion–sociability, and low in socialization, suggesting psychiatric/psychological vulnerability. The findings may have implications for the treatment of juvenile delinquents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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28. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
-
“Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde?” : Abuse of potent benzodiazepines, exemplified by flunitrazepam, in mentally disordered male offenders
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Flunitrazepam (FZ) is an example of a sedative-hypnotic benzodiazepine whose pharmacokinetic properties include a rapid onset of action and an intermediate duration of action. It has a high affinity to central benzodiazepine receptors and affects them profoundly. These properties, and its profile of activity, increase the probability of abuse by those who have access to it. Known side effects of FZ are abuse and amnesia. FZ is widely abused and it has become a drug of choice among opioid abusers, as a club drug, and as a classic “date-rape” drug. FZ is often involved in fatal intoxication. It is therefore expected that FZ abuse is common in serious offenders. I have studied the reasons for FZ abuse and mapped the prevalence of the abuse, with the objective of studying the personalities and the background factors of the abusers, and of drawing some conclusions about assessment procedures of FZ abuse and the position of FZ in society.The participants in the studies summarised here were fifty-six juvenile delinquents from Swedish youth correctional institutions, aged 14-20 years, and sixty non-psychotic male offenders referred for a forensic psychiatric evaluation (FPE), aged 16-35 years. The participants answered questions regarding their abuse, and this enabled us to understand why they abused just FZ (and not another substance). The participants also completed a number of self-reported inventories, which enabled us to obtain measures of personality traits. They were also rated for psychopathy. Five forensic psychiatric cases of FZ abusers were studied in more detail. Furthermore, the forensic psychiatric participants’ psychiatric diagnoses, and both groups’ crime-related measures, were obtained from their files.About 40% of the juvenile delinquents and 30% of the offenders referred for a forensic psychiatric evaluation abused FZ. The main reason for the FZ abuse was to change a perception of reality and to obtain an increased feeling of power and self-esteem, a feeling that everything was possible. Both samples of offenders differed from the normal population in many personality traits, suggesting that the participants possessed a high level of vulnerability for developing mental disorders, but only a few differences in personality traits were found between FZ abusers and non-FZ abusers. The juvenile delinquent FZ abusers had higher scores than non-FZ abusers in the verbal aggression and sensation-seeking boredom susceptibility scales. In the juvenile sample, FZ abuse was associated with the abuse of amphetamines and/or cocaine, cannabis, and opiates, and with childhood psychological/psychiatrical contact, with living in a metropolitan housing area, and with recidivism into crimes leading to care in a juvenile correctional institution. In this sample, FZ abuse was also associated with weapons offences and narcotics-related crimes. In the forensic psychiatric sample, FZ abuse was significantly associated with previous admission to an FPE, and convictions for robbery, for weapons-related offences, for narcotics-related offences and for theft. The results show that FZ is more common in offenders who score high on Facet 4 (Antisocial) in the Hare psychopathy model, and that FZ abuse has high correlation with Item 20 (Criminal versatility). All of the FZ abusers reported side effects from FZ that resulted in the brutality of their violent acts and anterograde amnesia. FZ abusers, when intoxicated with FZ, had a reduced capacity for both empathy and anticipatory anxiety, in contrast to their “daily” behaviour and “ordinary” (i.e., without the influence of the FZ) personality characteristics. They were not characterised by classic characteristics of psychopathy, such as lack of empathy. This may indicate that FZ induces psychopathic-like state-dependant (FZ intoxication) traits, and temporary dissociate states (“Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde”?).In conclusion, FZ abuse is common in the population of young offenders with mental disorders, and FZ is often used for nonmedical purposes. The practical implications of these conclusions are that clinicians and those who develop or manage therapeutic programs should be aware of FZ abuse when choosing the most effective treatment for male offenders. General practitioners who prescribe potent sedative compounds should be aware of their possible adverse effects. The availability of FZ should be limited further, because FZ is frequently abused in vulnerable male offenders, and because FZ has serious adverse mental health-related effects and is related to robbery and weapons‑related crimes.
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29. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional Leadership in Relation to Task Performance, Work Engagement, and Perceived Stress
- 2019
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Ingår i: Working for the greater good. - Turin.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To describe and explore emotional leadership meta-resources based on traits (self-esteem, emotional intelligence, leadership intelligence, empathy, Big Six, narcissism) and coping resources (e.g. cognitive), using Hobfoll’s motivational Conservation of Resources (COR). Our hypothesis was that leadership resources would be positively related to work engagement and negatively to perceived stress.Methodology: Participants (N = 344) were leaders aged between 23 and 65 years (M = 49, SD = 8.6; 58% women) who completed an online questionnaire including measures of common traits and coping resources. Work engagement was measured by Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9; Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004), and stress by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10; Cohen & Williamson, 1988). We used an exploratory factor analysis approach to describe and structure our data, and structural equation modelling (SEM) to test whether an emotional leadership meta-resource factor would be positively related to work engagement and negatively to perceived stress.Results: The investigated traits and resources could be described along four broad emotional leadership resource factors: (1) Externalizing; (2) Moral goodness; (3) Destrudo; (4) Rational mastery. As expected, the emotional leadership meta-resource factor showed a strong convergence (~.80) with both work engagement (positively) and perceived stress (negatively). Research/Practical Implications: The results imply that organizations may strengthen work engagement and reduce stress by recruiting leaders possessing valuable emotional leadership resources.Originality/Value: Our study is the first to describe emotional leadership resources based on traits linked with work engagement and perceived stress in a novel fashion (meta-traits, based on structural trait analysis).
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30. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evolutionary benefits of personality traits when facing workplace bullying
- 2021
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Facing workplace bullying negatively affects physical and mental health, and consequently quality of life and well-being. Personality traits that can help an individual survive and reproduce entail more benefits than costs. Building on two evolutionary theories, Life History Theory and Costly Signaling Theory, this study aims to provide novel insights into how and why personality traits are associated with facing workplace bullying and health-related quality of life. A heterogeneous group of 324 employees in Sweden provided data on workplace bullying, perceived health-related quality of life, and personality traits, controlling for sex and age. We found that openness (HEXACO model) and Machiavellianism (Dark Triad model) served as moderators. Employees with high values of these traits experienced significantly less affected health-related quality of life when facing workplace bullying. Our results indicate evolutionary origins of the personality traits openness and Machia-vellianism. A new finding is that possessing, exhibiting, and maintaining traits reflecting a more creative and competitive interpersonal style increases an employee’s ability to survive aversive environments.
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31. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the factor structure and the validityof the abbreviated Basic and Earning Self-Esteem Scales
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nordic Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1901-2276 .- 1904-0016. ; 65:3, s. 242-258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The original longer versions (Forsman & Johnson, 1996) and abbreviated versions of the Basic and Earning Self-Esteem Scales have been used in clinical and non-clinical settings, but little is known about the factor structure and the validity of these scales in their abbreviated forms. The original longer versions of the scales comprise several dimensions, but both abbreviated versions of the scales have been interpreted as if they were 1D. The abbreviated versions of the Basic and Earning Self-Esteem Scales have been translated into Polish from Swedish and administered to 175 students (103 female; mean age = 22.7 years, SD = 3.3 years) studying management at the Gdansk University of Technology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the factor structure and the validity of the abbreviated versions of the scales. We were also interested in the differences between women and men. Exploratory factor analyses identified one dimension of the Basic Self-Esteem Scale, compatible with Rosenberg’s et al. (1995) and Rogers’ (1951) concepts. We identified two components (High Ambition and Others’ Appraisal) of the Earning Self-Esteem Scale, similar to the original longer version. Convergent and discriminant validity proved to be theoretically solid. The abbreviated versions of the Basic and Earning Self-Esteem Scales are appended. Further research on these scales involving other groups is needed, as is further development of these self-esteem scales for adults. Evidence of the derived factors’ internal consistency and of the convergent and discriminant validity suggests that the factor structure and the reliability of the abbreviated versions of psychological tools need to be investigated.
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32. |
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33. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Finns det ett samband mellan impulsivitet och psykopati hos kriminella män?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Tema: AUTISMSPEKTRUMSTÖRNINGAR, ADHD, GENETIK, ÖVRIGT.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bakgrund: Personer med psykopati beskrivs ofta som känslokalla, utan empati OCH impulsiva. MEN de kan ägna mycket energi åt att manipulera andra för att uppnå sina mål, oavsett om han eller hon är kriminell person eller ”succéfull” ledare. Detaljerade planer står i kontrast till impulsivitet. Impulsivitet kännetecknas av handlingar utan föregående planering. Viss andel av kriminellt belastade psykopater har en relativt ”normal” personlighetsprofil – liknande ”succéfull psykopat”. Poythress och Hall (2011) föreslagit revidering av det teoretiska antagandet att psykopater är impulsiva. Snowden och Gray (2011) fann inga signifikanta samband mellan PCL-R total och självskattad impulsivitet. Positiva samband fanns mellan PCL-R Facett 3 (Livsstil), 4 (Antisocial) och impulsivitet.Hypoteser: (1) Högre impulsivitet förväntas inte ha signifikanta samband med högre poäng i psykopati PCL-R total; (2) Högre impulsivitet förväntas ha samband med högre poäng i psykopati Facett 3 och 4.Metod: Studien omfattar en grupp rättspsykiatriskt undersökta män (N = 60) som rekryterats på frivillig basis vid Avdelningen för Rättspsykiatri i Stockholm (Huddinge enheten). För att mäta psykopati användes Psychopathy Checklist-revised (PCL-R). Att mäta ADHD användes ett instrument som är avsett till retrospektiva skattningar av ADHD med hjälp av journaldata. Impulsivitet mättes med hjälp av etablerade impulsivitetsskalor.Resultat: Det fanns inga signifikanta samband mellan PCL-R total och impulsivitet. Det fanns inte heller några signifikanta samband mellan Facett 3 resp. Facett 4 och impulsivitet. Signifikant samband fanns mellan PCL-R Facett 4 och ADHD total (r = .29, p = .023) respektive ADHD ouppmärksamhet (r = .32, p = .013).Fortsatt forskning: Kan ADHD vara moderator genom att ha en interaktionseffekt med impulsivitet?
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34. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Flunitrazepam abuse and personality characteristics inmale forensic psychiatric patients
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - Goettingen : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 103:1, s. 27-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty male non-psychotic forensic psychiatric patients, aged 16-35 years, were studied after they completed their ordinary forensic psychiatric assessment (FPA). The prevalence of flunitrazepam (FZ) abuse was investigated by using both structured and in-depth interviews with the objective of studying the relationship between the abuse and personality traits. The patient’s characteristics, DSM-IV disorders, and actual sentences were obtained by studying their files. In order to obtain measures on their personality traits, self-report inventories were administered to the patients. Eighteen out of 60 patients were FZ abusers, but only 4 of them received a diagnosis related to the FZ abuse during the ordinary FPA. In almost all cases, however, indications of the FZ abuse were found in the files. No differences in personality traits were found between the groups. The frequency of previous admissions to an FPA and actual sentences of robbery, weapons offenses, narcotic-related offenses, and other crimes, such as theft, among the FZ abusers deviated significantly from forensic non-FZ abusers. Therefore, the FZ abuse per se might be more responsible for their tendency to commit crimes characterized by danger and thrill-seeking, such as robbery, weapons offences, and theft, than personality. The most important conclusion is that assessment of FZ abuse is needed in forensic psychiatry.
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35. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Flunitrazepam intake in male offenders
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 66:2, s. 131-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The abuse of flunitrazepam (FZ) compounds is worldwide, and several studies have reflected on the consequences with regard to violence, aggression and criminal lifestyle of FZ users. Criminals take high doses of FZ or some other benzodiazepines to "calm down" before the planned crime. There is support from earlier studies that most likely, all benzodiazepines may increase aggression in vulnerable males. Chronic intake of high doses of FZ increases aggression in male rats. Because psychopathy involves aggression, we have examined whether psychopathy as well as any of the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle and Antisocial) are related to different substance use disorders, with the focus on FZ. We have also examined the relationship between each PCL-R item and FZ use. Participants were 114 male offenders aged 14-35 years, all of whom were convicted for severe, predominantly violent, offences. Substance use, including FZ, was not more common in those who scored high in psychopathy. Use of FZ was more common in offenders who scored high in Facet 4 (Antisocial) of the PCL-R (odds ratio = 4.30, 95% CI 1.86-9.94). Only one of the PCL-R items, "Criminal versatility", was significantly associated with FZ use (odds ratio = 3.7). It may be concluded that intake of FZ has a specific relationship to only one of the facets and not to psychopathy per se. ; The findings have also important theoretical implications because Facet 4 is not a key factor of the construct of psychopathy. Clinical implications of the article: We have used the new two-factor and four-facet theoretical model of psychopathy in the young offender population, many of them with one or more substance use disorders. The present results suggest that antisocial behavior defined by Facet 4 (poor behavioral control, early behavior problems, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release and criminal versatility) in the studied subjects is more typical for FZ users than it is for non-FZ users. This may have implications for assessment and treatment. Clinicians should be aware that criminals with high scores on Facet 4 have a more than fourfold odds of being a FZ user. This conclusion has an important clinical implication because FZ abuse is very common and is not always the focus of a forensic psychiatric assessment. ;
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36. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) abuse in combination with alcohol causes premeditated, grievous violence in male juvenile offenders
- 1999
-
Ingår i: The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. - Bloomfield, CT, USA. - 1093-6793 .- 1943-3662. ; 27:1, s. 83-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on 19 juvenile offenders who were frequently intoxicated by flunitrazepam (FZ), almost exclusively under the brand name Rohypnol. Street names for Rohypnol tablets are Rophies, Ropies, Roofies, Ropes, Roches, Rochas, Rochas Dos, Rophs, Ropers, Ribs, R-25, Roach-2s, Trip and Fall, Remember All, Mind Erasers, Forget Pills, and the Date Rape Drug. An overdose of FZ gives an increased feeling of power and self-esteem, reduces fear and insecurity, and provides the belief that everything is possible. FZ is also associated with loss of episodic memory and with impulsive violence, particularly when combined with alcohol. The subjects were taken from a subpopulation of 47 male juvenile offenders from Swedish national correctional institutions. Background information for subjects was obtained by in-depth interviewing and personality inventories including the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scales, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Karolinska Scales of Personality. Data concerning previous criminal offenses was obtained from the Swedish National Police Board. Almost all of the FZ abusers had been previously sentenced for serious violent offenses. Our data suggest that FZ abused by psychiatrically vulnerable subjects (i.e., with high scores on boredom susceptibility and verbal aggression) poses a serious hazard both to the abusers as well as the community. Our results support the finding that FZ should be classified as a Schedule I drug (i.e., a drug similar to heavy narcotics).
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37. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Forskning hand i hand med praktiken : Betydelsen av känslan av sammanhang för olika copingresurser i stressituationer hos poliser i yttre tjänst
- 2012
-
Ingår i: SALUS 2012 Den goda arbetsplatsen - hållbart arbetsliv.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbete och dess villkor är för det mesta betydelsefullt. Den goda arbetsplatsen strävar efter att medarbetare utvecklar copingresurser som kan användas i stressituationer. Samtliga poliser som arbetar i yttre tjänst som har ordningsverksamhet som uppgift måste ha en utbildning i bastaktik där det bl. a ingår stresshantering och ett kommunikativt förhållningssätt. Polisyrket karakteriseras av en hög grad av psykosocial stress. I studien deltog 101 poliser (29 kvinnor) i yttre tjänst som har ordningsverksamhet som uppgift. Svensk version (Ekecrantz & Norman, 1991) av Coping Resourse Inventory (Marting & Hammer, 1988, 2004) användes för att mäta copingresurser och svensk version av Sense of Coherence Scale, SOC (Antonovsky, 1993) användes för att mäta känslan av sammanhang. Resultaten visade bl a att SOC total och begriplighet predicerade variationen i kognitiva resurser; SOC total predicerade variationen i emotionella resurser; hanterbarhet predicerade variationen i sociala, andligt/filosofiska, fysiska och totala resurser till att klara stress. Svenska poliser i yttre tjänst som har ordningsverksamhet i sin tjänst har hög känsla av sammanhang. De har relativt höga totala resurser till att klara stress.
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38. |
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39. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Hur kan ett arbetsintegrerat lärande (AIL) synliggöras inom ämnet psykologi?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: ViLär 2016, konferens 8-9 december 2016, Vänersborg. - Trollhättan. - 9789187531460 - 9789187531477 ; , s. 1-2
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syfte med denna presentation är att tydliggöra hur vi inom ämnet psykologi synliggör AIL, genom att beskriva resultaten från genomförda studier inom ett samverkansprojekt med aktörer från arbetslivet och akademin. Resultat från detta projekt ledde till ett nyligen avslutat verifieringsprojekt, finansierat av Innovations Kontor Väst, Chalmers. Båda projekten kommer att presenteras. Exempel ges på hur dessa psykologiska forskningsprojekt kunnat bidra till implementeringen av AIL i psykologiundervisning.Syfte med projektet ”Studier om en ny svensk ledarskapsmodell som bygger på teorin om ledarintelligens” var att utveckla en praktiskt tillämpbar ledarskapsmodell som bygger på Ronthys teori (2006, 2013) om ledarskapets intelligens. Detta gjordes genom att validera teorin bland chefer och ledare i ett samarbete mellan forskare inom akademin och externa aktörer (organisationer och företag). Teorin är sprungen ur Ronthys erfarenheter av att undervisa och att handleda omkring 4 000 chefer i utvecklingssamtal.Ett flertal examensarbeten har skrivits inom projektet, och några har resulterat i konferenspresentationer och i vetenskapliga publikationer. Genom sitt deltagande i projektet får våra studenter kontakter med ansvariga i kommuner, företag och organisationer, och ökar därigenom sina möjligheter att bli anställda. De får även bättre förståelse av arbetslivets villkor och kan på ett djupare sätt diskutera sina resultat, och får därmed bättre studieresultat. Genom examensarbeten bedrivs en reflexionsdrivande undervisning, där studenter lär sig vad det kan innebära att vara chef eller ledare i ett arbetsliv som är i förändring. Allt detta kräver eftertanke: ”Vem är jag?”, ”Vad vill jag jobba med?”. Studenterna får även en närmare relation till yrken och verksamheter utanför akademin, samt utvecklar sin yrkeskompetens genom att reflektera kring användningen av testmetodik.Slutsatsen är att AIL kan synliggöras i såväl psykologisk forskning som undervisning på samma sätt som AIL synliggörs i andra ämnen, exempelvis pedagogik eller informatik.
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40. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
"I Dislike my Body, I am Unhappy, But my Parents are not Disappointed in Me" : Self-Esteem in Young Women with Dyslexia
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Applied Psychological Research Journal. - Coventry University : Conventry University. - 2057-570X. ; 1:1, s. 50-58
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strong self-esteem is related to good psychological health. Dyslexia has a negative effect on self-esteem, but this effect depends on support levels at home and/or school. Women with dyslexia are an under investigated group, and it has been suggested that female dyslexics should be given special attention from teachers with a view to improving their self-esteem. This paper set out to compare levels of self-esteem in women with dyslexia and normative women, and to investigate relationships between dyslexic problems and self-esteem. It was hypothesized that women with dyslexia would have a weaker self-esteem. We have assessed dyslexia, using a Swedish battery of standardised pedagogical, IQ, and neuropsychological tests, and the self-esteem of twelve young women (mean age 19 years; range 16-30), using a Swedish questionnaire that distinguishes between different dimensions of self-esteem (physical characteristics, talents and gifts, psychological health, relationships with parents and family, and relationships with others). Comparative (t-tests) and correlational (Pearson’s correlations and stepwise multiple regression analyses) statistical methods were performed. The study subjects had a weaker self-esteem than that of a normative sample of females (N = 313) in all dimensions, except for the dimension of relationships with parents and family. Spelling ability was related to “Physical characteristics” (negative) and to “Relations with parents and family” (positive). Moreover, speed of reading was related to “Psychological health” (positive). The use of questionnaires that distinguish between different dimensions of self-esteem and a larger sample is recommended in future studies.
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41. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Icke-intagna i fängelse är idag mindre målmedvetna (conscientiousness) och mindre vänliga (agreeableness) änintagna på svenska kriminalvårdsanstalter med säkerhetsklass I
- 2014
-
Ingår i: GRASP 2014 - Oberoende i flocken? Inkludering och exkludering som sociala processer.. - Linköping.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aktuella studier visar att i det alltmer individualistiska samhället kultiveras mindre trevliga egenskaper som kan leda till uteslutning av andra. Exempelvis, graden av empati, har under de senaste decennierna minskat. Tidigare forskning visat att intagna i fängelse hade lägre grad av målmedvetenhet (eller samvetsgrannhet, eng. conscientiousness) och vänlighet (eng. agreeableness), än icke-intagna. En person med låg grad av målmedvetenhet är opålitlig, lat, vårdslös och försumlig. En person med låg grad av vänlighet är cynisk, oartig, misstänksam, konfliktbenägen och självisk. Det finns inga aktuella studier som har undersökt personlighetsegenskaperna enligt s.k. BigFive bland intagna i fängelse i en svensk kontext. Syfte var därför att undersöka om intagna på kriminalvårdsanstalt i Sverige (säkerhetsklass I) skiljer sig från icke-intagna i målmedvetenhet och vänlighet. BigFive mättes med hjälp av Goldbergs (1999) IPIP. Studie 1 visade att intagna (n = 46) hade högre grad av målmedvetenhet än studenter (n = 32) och lika hög grad av målmedvetenhet som vaktpersonal (n = 45). Studie 2 visade att intagna (44 kvinnor och 81 män) hade högre grad av målmedvetenhet än icke-intagna; specifikt hade intagna högre grad av dess två facetter ordningsamhet och självdisciplin än icke-intagna (78 kvinnor och 54 män). IPIP visade på goda psykometriska egenskaper och resultaten kontrollerades för graden av skönmålning. Betydelsen av resultaten kan diskuteras kring antagandet att varje person anpassar sina personlighetsdrag utifrån den sociokulturella kontext han eller hon lever i, även om dessa personlighetsdrag antas uteslutande ha sitt ursprung i en biologisk bas. Intagnas personlighet kunde ha påverkats till det positiva av olika program inom kriminalvården, medan icke-intagnas personlighet kunde ha påverkats till det negativa av det digitala samhället i en snabb förändring, där individen sätter sina egna behov framför andras, kanske genom att vara mer opålitlig och uteslutande.
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42. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Interrater Reliability of Psychopathy Checklist-Revised : Results on Multiple Analysis Levels for a Sample of Patients Undergoing Forensic Psychiatric Evaluation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - : SAGE Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 45:2, s. 234-263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scores from the Psychopathy ChecklistâRevised (PCL-R) are used to support decisions regarding personal liberty. In our study, performed in an applied forensic psychiatric setting, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for absolute agreement, single rater (ICCA1) were .89 for the total score, .82 for Factor 1, .88 for Factor 2, and .78 to .86 for the four facets. These results stand in contrast to lower reliabilities found in a majority of field studies. Disagreement among raters made a low contribution (0%-5%) to variability of scores on the total score, factor, and facet level. For individual items, ICCA1 varied from .38 to .94, with >.80 for seven of the 20 items. Items 17 (âMany short-term marital relationshipsâ) and 19 (âRevocation of conditional releaseâ) showed very low reliabilities (.38 and .43, respectively). The importance of knowledge about factors that can affect scoring of forensic instruments (e.g., education, training, experience, motivation, ratersâ personality, and quality of file data) is emphasized.
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43. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Job Demands, Engagement, and Turnover Intentions in Polish Nurses : The Role of Work-Family Interface
- 2018. - 1
-
Ingår i: Psychosocial job dimensions and distress/well-being. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 9782889454082 ; , s. 91-104
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Poland has lower ratios of employed registered nurses per 1,000 inhabitants than the EU average. Polish nurses work under miserable conditions without assisting personnel, and they reconcile their professional demands with responsibilities for their families; 96% of them are women.Rationale/Aims:This study uses Hobfoll's conservation of resources (CORs) theory to explain the role of various resources in the improvement of work conditions in the nursing profession. Work-family conflict (WFC) and family work conflict (FWC) threaten to deplete nurses' resources. This paper set out to (1) examine the extent to which perceived job demands (workload and interpersonal conflicts at work) and engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption) are associated with turnover intentions (the intention to leave the present workplace and the intention to leave the nursing profession); (2) attempt to determine whether levels of WFC and FWC moderate these associations.Design/Method:This study comprised 188 female registered nurses. The inclusion criterion was to live with a partner and/or have children.Results:WFC was moderately related to FWC. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that only high job demands and low vigor were significantly associated with turnover intentions. WFC was experienced more intensively than FWC. Job demands, vigor, dedication, and turnover intentions had a strong effect on WFC, while absorption had a strong effect on FWC. However, levels of WFC and FWC did not significantly moderate these associations.Originality/Conclusion:The study produces new knowledge by examining a constellation of job demands, work engagement and WFC, which reflect the management of personal resources. Results from such a constellation in nurses from countries with a post-transformational economic system have not previously been discussed in the light of COR theory. Most importantly, we conclude that WFC does not intensify turnover intentions.
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44. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Job Demands, Engagement, and Turnover Intentions in Polish Nurses : The Role of Work-Family Interface
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Poland has lower ratios of employed registered nurses per 1,000 inhabitants than the EU average. Polish nurses work under miserable conditions without assisting personnel, and they reconcile their professional demands with responsibilities for their families; 96% of them are women.Rationale/Aims: This study uses Hobfoll’s conservation of resources (CORs) theory to explain the role of various resources in the improvement of work conditions in the nursing profession. Work-family conflict (WFC) and family work conflict (FWC) threaten to deplete nurses’ resources. This paper set out to (1) examine the extent to which perceived job demands (workload and interpersonal conflicts at work) and engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption) are associated with turnover intentions (the intention to leave the present workplace and the intention to leave the nursing profession); (2) attempt to determine whether levels of WFC and FWC moderate these associations.Design/Method: This study comprised 188 female registered nurses. The inclusion criterion was to live with a partner and/or have children.Results: WFC was moderately related to FWC. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that only high job demands and low vigor were significantly associated with turnover intentions. WFC was experienced more intensively than FWC. Job demands, vigor, dedication, and turnover intentions had a strong effect on WFC, while absorption had a strong effect on FWC. However, levels of WFC and FWC did not significantly moderate these associations.Originality/Conclusion: The study produces new knowledge by examining a constellation of job demands, work engagement and WFC, which reflect the management of personal resources. Results from such a constellation in nurses from countries with a post-transformational economic system have not previously been discussed in the light of COR theory. Most importantly, we conclude that WFC does not intensify turnover intentions.
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45. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Lack of psychopathic character (Rorschach) in forensic psychiatric rapists
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 62:3, s. 176-185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research using Rorschach is sparse in rapists. The aim of this study of 10 violent male forensic psychiatric rapists was to describe them on a set of Rorschach variables, which are assumed to reflect psychopathic character, in order to increase our understanding of rapists. The participants were involved in a long-term psychodynamic sexual offender treatment program. They were previously assessed on dyslexia and ADHD, and the results showed an overrepresentation of these disorders in this sample. Compared with normative samples, the participants scored significantly lower on three of the Rorschach variables; Lambda, WSum6 and Afr. The participants did not meet criteria for psychopathic character. Although the generalization of the results from 10 rapists is severely limited, our results suggest helplessness in managing emotionally laden situations and hint at the problems experienced by this sample of forensic psychiatric rapists. Clinicians should be aware of the lack of psychopathic character in some rapists and that effective treatment programs should focus on training this type of rapists to be able to react appropriately to emotional stimuli.
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46. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Leading with a cool head and a warm heart : trait-based leadership resources linked to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Current Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 42, s. 29559-29580
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaders of today need to achieve well in terms of task performance, perceiving low stress, and having high levels of work engagement. One may ask whether trait-based leadership resource factors can be identified and how such resource factors might relate to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement. Our aim was to test the hypothesis, derived from Hobfoll’s motivational Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, that there are trait-based leadership resource factors, which are differentially correlated to the leaders’ task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement. Leaders (N = 344) aged from 23 to 65 years (M = 49, SD = 8.6; 58% women) completed an online questionnaire including measures of task performance, perceived stress, work engagement, personality traits, trait emotional intelligence, empathy, performance-related self-esteem, compassionate and rational leadership competence, and coping resources for stress. Using exploratory factor analysis, we identified four trait-based leadership resource factors. With Bonferroni adjustment, and controlling for sex, age, number of years in the current managerial position, self-deceptive enhancement, and impression management, only Rational Mastery was significantly positively correlated with task performance. Rational Mastery, Efficient Coping, and Modesty were negatively correlated with perceived stress, and all factors except Modesty, but including the fourth (Good-Heartedness) were positively correlated with work engagement. Organizations striving for sustainable work conditions should support trait-based leadership, which depends not only on a task-oriented resource such as rational mastery, but also on human-oriented resources such as efficient coping, modesty, and good-heartedness, all of them being differentially related to task performance, perceived stress, and work engagement.
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47. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Linking grandiose and vulnerable narcissism to managerial work performance, through the lens of core personality traits and social desirability
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While grandiose narcissism is well-studied, vulnerable narcissism remains largely unexplored in the workplace context. Our study aimed to compare grandiose and vulnerable narcissism among managers and people from the general population. Within the managerial sample, our objective was to examine how these traits diverge concerning core personality traits and socially desirable responses. Furthermore, we endeavored to explore their associations with individual managerial performance, encompassing task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). Involving a pool of managerial participants (N = 344), we found that compared to the general population, managers exhibited higher levels of grandiose narcissism and lower levels of vulnerable narcissism. While both narcissistic variants had a minimal correlation (r = .02) with each other, they differentially predicted work performance. Notably, grandiose narcissism did not significantly predict any work performance dimension, whereas vulnerable narcissism, along with neuroticism, predicted higher CWB and lower task performance. Conscientiousness emerged as the strongest predictor of task performance. This study suggests that organizations might not benefit from managers with vulnerable narcissism. Understanding these distinct narcissistic variants offers insights into their impacts on managerial performance in work settings.
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48. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance profiles (”happy performer”, ”enjoys life”, ”forced performer” or ”goes without”) in two cultures
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- •Syftet var att validera prestationsprofiler och att studera dessa profiler i två kulturellt olika populationer.•Teoretiskt ramverk och bakgrund. Enligt Johnson och Forsman (1995) kan en kombination av låga och höga värden av bas- respektive förvärvad självkänsla resultera i prestationsprofiler; glada presterare, livsnjutare, tvångspresterare eller försakare. Personer med dessa profiler är olika på typ A beteende, rädsla att förlora, prestationsbehov, neuroticism och extraversion, vilket är betydelsefullt för arbetslivet.•Summering av resultaten. Validering av prestationsprofiler gjordes bland 120 deltagare utbildade i Sverige i åldern 21 och 54 genom att studera samband mellan självskattning ”Så här är jag när jag presterar något” och prestationsprofilerna formade utifrån värden i bas- och förvärvad självkänsla (Dåderman, in preparation). Resultaten indikerade en god och rimlig samtidig validitet avseende profilerna. Jämförande studie bland 84 studenter från Högskolan Väst och 176 studenter från Gdansk University (Dåderman & Basinska, in preparation) visade på avsaknaden av signifikanta skillnader i dessa profiler.•Praktiska och teoretiska implikationer. I vårt mångkulturella samhälle, där i vissa sektorer arbetar en stor andel personer som inte är födda i Sverige, kan det vara intressant att studera dessa profiler, förutsatt att skalor är reliabla och valida i de olika populationerna. Man bör dock vara försiktig med generaliseringar då item som ingår i förvärvad självkänsla kan väga olika tungt i olika kulturer, vilket kan påverka skalans psykometriska egenskaper.
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49. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathic traits and lifestyle in flunitrazepam abusers
- 2005
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The abuse of flunitrazepam (FZ) compounds is world-wide. We have examined whether any of the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and Antisocial) (Hare, 2003) is related to different substance use disorders, with the focus on FZ abuse. Participants were 114 male offenders aged 14-35 years, all of whom were convicted for severe, predominantly violent, offences. Abuse of FZ was more common in offenders who scored high in Facet 4 (Antisocial) of the PCL-R (odds ratio = 4.30, 95% C.I. 1.86 - 9.94). Using all 20 PCL‑R items as individual predictors of being an FZ abuser, only one of the items, Item 20) (Criminal versatility) was significantly associated with FZ abuse (odds ratio = 3.72, 95% C.I. 1.85 - 7.50). We suggest that abuse of FZ is more common in offenders who score high in Facet 4, and that FZ abuse is significantly associated with Item 20. Our results show that clinicians and those who develop or manage therapeutic programs should be aware of FZ abuse when choosing the most effective treatment for young mentally disordered severe offenders.
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50. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychopathy Assessment with PCL-R has High Interrater Reliability if Conducted Without Bias
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scores of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) are used to support decisions regarding personal liberty. There is increasing concern about its interrater reliability in applied contexts, where low reliabilites have been obtained. We report a study in which 12 forensic psychiatric staff raters assessed 43 male offenders for psychopathy using the PCL-R. These ratings were compared with those obtained at a second occasion from separate interviews utilizing similar file data by an independent researcher, experienced as an expert for the defense. Intraclass correlation coefficients were high; .89 for the PCL-R total scale, .82 for Factor 1, and .38 – .94 for individual items. These results stand in contrast to the considerably lower reliabilities found in recent field studies, mainly conducted within adversary judicial systems. In such contexts, ratings may be biased. Interrater reliability of PCL-R is likely be increased if raters utilize similar data.
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