| 1. |
- Ericsson, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical validation of a novel automated cell-free DNA screening assay for trisomies 21, 13, and 18 in maternal plasma.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Prenatal diagnosis. - : Wiley. - 1097-0223 .- 0197-3851. ; 39:11, s. 1011-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate clinical performance of a new automated cell-free (cf)DNA assay in maternal plasma screening for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, and to determine fetal sex.Maternal plasma samples from 1200 singleton pregnancies were analyzed with a new non-sequencing cfDNA method, which is based on imaging and counting specific chromosome targets. Reference outcomes were determined by either cytogenetic testing, of amniotic fluid or chorionic villi, or clinical examination of neonates.The samples examined included 158 fetal aneuploidies. Sensitivity was 100% (112/112) for trisomy 21, 89% (32/36) for trisomy 18, and 100% (10/10) for trisomy 13. The respective specificities were 100%, 99.5%, and 99.9%. There were five first pass failures (0.4%), all in unaffected pregnancies. Sex classification was performed on 979 of the samples and 99.6% (975/979) provided a concordant result.The new automated cfDNA assay has high sensitivity and specificity for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 and accurate classification of fetal sex, while maintaining a low failure rate. The study demonstrated that cfDNA testing can be simplified and automated to reduce cost and thereby enabling wider population-based screening.
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| 2. |
- Bergemalm, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Inflammation in Preclinical Ulcerative Colitis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : AGA Institute. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 161:5, s. 1526-1539.e9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Preclinical ulcerative colitis is poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the preclinical systemic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, using a comprehensive set of proteins.Methods: We obtained plasma samples biobanked from individuals who developed ulcerative colitis later in life (n = 72) and matched healthy controls (n = 140) within a population-based screening cohort. We measured 92 proteins related to inflammation using a proximity extension assay. The biologic relevance of these findings was validated in an inception cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 101) and healthy controls (n = 50). To examine the influence of genetic and environmental factors on these markers, a cohort of healthy twin siblings of patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 41) and matched healthy controls (n = 37) were explored.Results: Six proteins (MMP10, CXCL9, CCL11, SLAMF1, CXCL11 and MCP-1) were up-regulated (P < .05) in preclinical ulcerative colitis compared with controls based on both univariate and multivariable models. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses identified several potential key regulators, including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, oncostatin M, nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6, and interleukin-4. For validation, we built a multivariable model to predict disease in the inception cohort. The model discriminated treatment-naïve patients with ulcerative colitis from controls with leave-one-out cross-validation (area under the curve = 0.92). Consistently, MMP10, CXCL9, CXCL11, and MCP-1, but not CCL11 and SLAMF1, were significantly up-regulated among the healthy twin siblings, even though their relative abundances seemed higher in incident ulcerative colitis.Conclusions: A set of inflammatory proteins are up-regulated several years before a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. These proteins were highly predictive of an ulcerative colitis diagnosis, and some seemed to be up-regulated already at exposure to genetic and environmental risk factors.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Edenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Referensområden som verktyg för viltförvaltningsunderlag
- 2019
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Ingår i: Fakta. Skog. - 1400-7789.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Referensområden är områden där vi följer populationer av älg och andra viltarter, samt förändringar i landskapet, mer intensivt.Referensområden är viktiga för att utveckla övervakningsmetoder och skaffa sig bra kunskap om hur systemet fungerar, för utbildning, samt som demonstrationsområden.Referensområden förväntas bli en viktig komponent i den nya ekosystembaserade viltförvaltningen.Slaktvikter, reproduktionsdata, åldersstruktur, älgtäthet, fodermängder, betestryck och skogsskador är exempel på data som är relevanta att samla in i referensområden för den nya älgförvaltningens behov.SLU har flera områden och försöksparker som kan utvecklas till nationella referensområden.Fördjupad övervakning inom referensområden är ett viktigt komplement till förvaltningsinventeringar inom miljöanalys och viltövervakning.
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| 6. |
- Hofmeester, Tim, et al.
(författare)
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Övervakning av vissa mindre däggdjur : Metoder och pågående övervakning
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är grundläggande för all viltförvaltning att veta hur många individer det finns av olika arter, och hur antalen förändras över tid. Sådan information samlas in genom olika former av inventeringsmetoder inom ramen för viltövervakningen. Naturvårdsverket har givit Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) i uppdrag att ta fram en kunskapsöversikt över befintliga övervakningsmetoder och -system för de mindre däggdjursarter som jagas under allmän jakttid, samt de främmande arterna mink och vildkanin. Därutöver omfattar uppdraget även smågnagare, i och med deras betydelse för viktiga processer i ekosystemen. Rapporten utgör en del i ett pågående arbete att utreda möjligheterna för en integrerad viltövervakning i framtiden. Med undantag för smågnagare saknas riktade övervakningsprogram för arterna som tas upp i rapporten. Därmed baseras dagens kunskap främst på data från Artportalen samt avskjutningsstatistik, i bägge fallen insamlade genom frivilliga insatser med begränsade möjligheter till kvalitetssäkring. Andra data än antal individer som observerats, fångats eller fällts saknas i huvudsak. Genom att data från olika förvaltningsprojekt på lokal och regional skala också läggs in i Artportalen kan befintliga data både från allmänheten och den offentliga förvaltningen samlas och analyseras på ett enhetligt sätt. Så sker redan till viss del, men det finns möjligheter att utöka samordningen av insamlade data. Nya metoder erbjuder helt nya möjligheter att samla in kvalitetssäkrade data både för förekomst och för olika beteenden, dels genom kontrollerade övervakningsprogram dels genom bilder från allmänheten. Utvecklingen av viltkameror som tar bilder automatiskt när djur visar sig är på väg att revolutionera viltövervakningen. Det gäller särskilt djur som är nattaktiva eller svåra att följa av andra skäl. På motsvarande vis innebär möjligheten att ta bilder genom tubkikare att observationer kan kvalitetssäkras. Även utvecklingen av miljö-DNA som övervakningsmetod erbjuder nya möjligheter i framtiden. Parallellt med den tekniska utvecklingen tas allt mer komplexa statistiska metoder fram, som kan kombinera datakällor för att öka både precision och noggrannhet av populationsskattningar. Ny teknik och nya analysmetoder erbjuder en stor potential till förbättrad viltövervakning på kostnadseffektiva sätt. Dessa metoder behöver dock fortfarande kvalitetssäkras genom att jämföras med mer traditionella metoder, samt kalibreras för att möjliggöra att bygga vidare på befintliga tidsserier. Sammantaget är det tydligt att det idag saknas helhetsgrepp för övervakningen av mindre däggdjur. Samtidigt erbjuder ny teknik och nya metoder helt nya möjligheter att övervaka arter med olika ekologi kostnadseffektivt. Därmed möjliggörs en integrerad viltövervakning på ett helt nytt sätt.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andree, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge Products from Close-To-Practice Research
- 2024
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Ingår i: Round table presentation at the NERA-conference, 6-8 March, Malmö University.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ‘Close-to-practice research’ has received increased attention across the Nordic countries. Following the British Education Research Association (BERA), the notion of ‘close-to-practice research’ is used to refer to educational research that is based on problems in practice, often involves researchers working in partnership with practitioners in schools and addresses issues of relevance to practitioners. This roundtable focuses on how close-to-practice research can contribute to the knowledge base of the teaching profession by bringing together perspectives from didactics, school improvement and educational policy. More specifically, the interest is directed toward what characterizes the knowledge produced through practice-based research that may have significance for teachers' professional knowledge base and practice. The roundtable conversation builds on a previous analysis of what kinds of knowledge products are generated in didactic close-to-practice research where teachers and researchers work together within the research environment Stockholm Teaching & Learning Studies. As a result of this analysis a typology of knowledge products was proposed including: (i) descriptions of knowing, (ii) teaching design, (iii) didactic examples and (iv) methodological tools. It has been proposed that additional knowledge products may be developed, such as artifacts to be used in teaching (e.g. lesson plans, visual representations). The roundtable will include the following points of discussion: 1) a brief presentation of the typology, 2) challenging and developing the typology of knowledge products proposed by previous research by investigating different cases of close-to-practice research from traditions of action research and practice-developing research within subject-didactics, and 3) discussing how the notion of knowledge products may contribute to advancing the conversation on cumulativity in the field of educational research in general, and in relation to syntheses of close-to-practice research in particular. The participants will be engaged in conversations on the desirability and feasibility of striving towards cumulativity.
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| 9. |
- Birgegård, Gunnar, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of beta globin mRNA as an early marker of haemoglobin response to epoetin treatment
- 2007
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 24:3, s. 318-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approximately 60% of anaemic cancer patients respond to epoetin treatment. An early marker of response would be valuable in order to avoid ineffective treatment. We have previously shown that beta globin mRNA increases rapidly after epoetin beta treatment of healthy controls. In the present study we have evaluated whether a change of this marker during the first 2 weeks of epoetin treatment could predict later Hb response in anaemic cancer patients. Twenty cancer patients with Hb <11 g/dl received epoetin beta (NeoRecormon®) 10,000 IU three times weekly during 6 weeks. Hb, reticulocytes and β-globin mRNA were followed. The latter was measured quantitatively using PCR via the 5′ nuclease assay. Eleven patients responded with a Hb increase of >1 g/dl, nine were nonresponders. All responders increased in β-globin mRNA within 2 weeks, mean 7.7× base-line. With a cut-off of an increase of 3× base-line value, we obtained a specificity of 45% and a sensitivity of 91% for the prediction of a later increase of Hb >1 g/dl. With a cut-off of 4× base-line, the specificity increased to 66%, but the sensitivity decreased to 82%. Beta globin mRNA increases before Hb in all responding patients. However, some non-responding patients also show an increase, and there is a trade-off between specificity and sensitivity as the cut-off level is set at different levels. Compared to reticulocyte count, β-globin mRNA is more reliable in the individual patient, but the clinical usefulness of the assay needs to be evaluated in further studies.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Dahl, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Ekosystemtjänsternas bidrag till god urban livsmiljö
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ekosystemtjänster uppmärksammas alltmer som ett viktigt inslag för en hållbar utveckling av städer och samhällen. Dessa handlar inte bara om ett miljö- och biodiversitetsperspektiv, utan också om hur ekosystemen bidrar till människans livsmiljö och stadens attraktivitet, samt de praktiska och rekreativa nyttor som befintlig och anlagd natur kan skapa i den byggda miljön.Denna rapport har tillkommit på Naturvårdsverkets initiativ, vilka också delvis har finansierat den. Arbetet har sammanfallit med ett opinionsbildande projekt, projektlett av Tankesmedjan Movium ochfinansierat av Vinnova, kallat Påverkansplattform för urbana ekosystemtjänster. Båda dessa aktiviteterhar efterfrågat kartläggning av nuläget och redovisningar av lärande exempel, varför vi har valt att arbeta integrerat med aktiviteterna. I rapporten har vi försökt att kombinera generella reflektioner med konkreta exempel. Vi har också valt att hämta lärdomar från såväl praktik som akademi och har bjudit in några av de ledande forskarna från Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet att utifrån sin forskningshorisont kommentera sådant som vi tycker oss kunna konstatera i praktiken. Det kan i något fall bli motsägelsefullt, men så är också frågan kring ekosystemtjänster i urban miljö komplext beskaffad. Som alla komplext beskaffade frågor hyser den därmed inneboende målkonflikter, åtminstone på ett generellt och övergripande plan.I rapporten konstaterar vi att det är viktigt och grundläggande att ekosystemtjänster behandlas som en tillgång för livsmiljöer i staden, och därmed också för arbetet med att planera, gestalta, anlägga och förvalta dessa miljöer. Utgångspunkten för ett sådant arbete behöver vara platsernas förutsättningar och de förväntningar som vi har på dessa miljöer. Möjligen kan det uppfattas som lite motsägelsefullt för en rapport med namnet ”Ekosystemtjänsteras bidrag till en god urban livsmiljö”, men vi är övertygande om att utgångspunkten för arbetet med ekosystemtjänster bör inte vara ekosystemtjänsterna själva, snarare en ökad platsspecifik kunskap och en ökad tydlighet kring samhällets uttalade målsättningar. Varför inleder vi med ett sådant påstående? Jo, för att påminna om att ekosystemtjänsterna utgår från oss människor och tjänsterna svarar mot våra behov. Det är alltså en slags konsumtion av tjänster som vi pratar om och som i all hållbar konsumtion handlar det om att balansera mellan tillgång och efterfrågan. Vi menar alltså att det inte alltid handlar om att maximera uttaget av en viss ekosystemtjänst, utan det handlar snarare om vilket behov som vi har identifierat på en viss plats eller i ett visst sammanhang samt hur ekosystemtjänsterna kan levererar på den platsen utifrån identifierade behov. Det är måhända en hårfin perspektivförskjutning, men vi menar att tar vi inte med oss detta synsätt in i diskussionen om ekosystemtjänster så befarar vi att vi får ett oönskat överutnyttjande av naturens ”gratistjänster”.Det pågår mycket lovvärt arbete i landet för att hitta system och verktyg som strävar efter att finna helhetssyn och mångfunktionalitet i ekosystemtjänsterna. Det finns dock en risk att verktyg blir väl generella när man försöker att fånga upp alla aspekter av hur man kan arbeta med ekosystemtjänsterna. Då riskerar implementeringsglappen också att bli för stora när generella verktyg ska appliceras på en specifik plats. Att istället lära av hur andra har gjort och ta del av varandras erfarenheter kan då vara ett värdefullt komplement och Naturvårdsverket har därför bett Tankesmedjan Movium att ta fram denna exempelsamling. Vår förhoppning är att denna rapport ska hjälpa stadsbyggnadsprocessens olika aktörer och skeden att förstå nyttan med urban natur och att ta in ekosystemtjänsterna i befintliga arbetssätt och processer.
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| 12. |
- Dahl, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of melting of some slags in the Al2O3-CaO-MgO-SiO2 quaternary system
- 2006
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 46:4, s. 614-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of slag compositions in the Al2O 3-CaO-MgO-SiO2 quaternary system was investigated. The Al2O3, CaO, and SiO2 oxide powders were calcinated at 1073 K for 24 hours before being mixed in an agate mortar. The oxide mixtures were further pressed into small pellets and sealed in a glass bottle. A horizontal platinum furnace and platinum crucibles were used and each slag composition was investigated four times to confirm the reproductibility of the process. Efforts were made to carry out the experiments with identical quenching speed. The slags were quenched from 1793 K to examine the liquidity of the slag samples at lower temperatures. It was revealed that the quenched samples were multi-phase mixtures instead of melting at the experimental temperature under the influence of the phase diagrams.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Dahl, Fredrik, 1968
(författare)
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Exemplifying aesthetic experiencing as a tool for learning and teaching in vocational educational practices
- 2023
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Ingår i: Paper presentation at the NERA conference, 15-17 March 2023, Oslo Metropolitan University.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research topic/aim. This study focuses on aesthetic experiencing as a tool for learning and teaching in vocational educational practices. Some examples from an upper secondary building- and construction programme in Sweden will be presented. This action research study is part of an ongoing doctoral student project aiming to deepen the understanding of how student learning is made possible, or hindered, in different educational practices where developing tacit knowledge is aimed. Theoretical framework. In 2002 Wickman and Östman developed the practical epistemology analysis (PEA) based on Dewey’s pragmatism and Wittgensteinian language games. Here learning is regarded as a situated social phenomenon observable as a change in discourse, that is, the transformation of habits such as talk, actions, and language use directed towards specific learning aims (Östman & Wickman, 2014). Also, the concepts of organizing purposes and aesthetic experiencing are used in describing and understanding what is going on in educational practices (Wickman, 2006; Johansson & Wickman, 2018). Methodology/research design. Action research (McNiff, 2013; Rönnerman, 2012) is the methodological starting point for the study. Video observations will be used for collecting empirical data. Excerpts are used for video-stimulated dialogues (Haglund, 2003). The purpose is to explore collaborative reflections with students and teachers who are discussing suggestions, plans, and negotiating actions when aiming for the improvement of educational practice. Expected results/findings. PEA and accompanying concepts have primarily been used to study science education. This study put the theory to work in a different context analyzing learning and teaching in vocational educational practice, potentially making the importance of tacit knowledge more visible. Relevance to Nordic educational research . The outcome will be relevant for research in pedagogical work, didactics, teacher education, and educational practice. It will also contribute to the practice-based research community interested in actively engaging students and teachers in improving educational practice through action research, especially in upper-secondary vocational education. References. Haglund, B. (2003). Stimulated recall – Några anteckningar om en metod att generera data. Pedagogisk Forskning i Sverige, 8(3), 145-157. https://open.lnu.se/index.php/PFS/article/view/1188 Johansson, A., & Wickman, P.-O. (2018). The use of organizing purposes in science instruction as a scaffolding mechanism to support progressions: A study of talk in two primary science classrooms. Research in Science & Technological Education, 36(1), 1–16. McNiff, J. (2013). Action research: principles and practice. 3. ed. Routledge. Rönnerman, K. (2012). Vad är aktionsforskning? I K. Rönnerman (Ed.), Aktionsforskning i praktiken: förskola och skola på vetenskaplig grund. 2. ed. (p. 21–40). Studentlitteratur. Wickman, P.-O. (2006). Aesthetic experience in science education: learning and meaning-making as situated talk and action. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Wickman, P.-O., & Östman, L. (2002). Learning as discourse change: A sociocultural mechanism. Science Education, 86, 601–623. Östman, L., & Wickman, P. (2014). A Pragmatic Approach on Epistemology, Teaching, and Learning. Science Education, 98(3), 375-382.
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| 15. |
- Dahl, Fredrik
(författare)
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Individual and Temporal Variation in Habitat Association of an Alien Carnivore at Its Invasion Front
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gathering information on how invasive species utilize the habitat is important, in order to better aim actions to reduce their negative impact. We studied habitat use and selection of 55 GPS-marked raccoon dogs (30 males, 25 females) at their invasion front in Northern Sweden, with particular focus on differences between males and females, between movement states, and between seasons and times of the day. Daily movement pattern was used to classify GPS-locations into dispersing and settled. We focused on both anthropogenic and natural landscape characteristics. Since we did not have any a priori knowledge about the spatial scale of raccoon dog habitat selection, we first assessed how landscape characteristics of random points changed with distance from the GPS-location they were paired to. Because changes in habitat use became less pronounced at approximately 5 km for all variables, we focused on habitat use at two spatial scales: fine (500 m) and coarse (5 km). Habitat selection was strongest at the coarse scale, and reflected the results found for habitat use. Raccoon dogs selected agricultural areas and wetlands, lower altitudes, and shallow slopes, and avoided forests, open natural areas, and areas close to water and roads. There were no differences in habitat selection between males and females, or between movement states. This lack of sexual segregation increases the probability of encountering potential mates during dispersal, and therefore the likelihood for reproduction in new areas. The seasonal and diurnal pattern of habitat use may provide guidance for where and when to aim management efforts.
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| 16. |
- Dahl, Fredrik
(författare)
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Lack of sex-specific movement patterns in an alien species at its invasion front - consequences for invasion speed
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 6, s. 5570-5584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient targeting of actions to reduce the spread of invasive alien species relies on understanding the spatial, temporal, and individual variation of movement, in particular related to dispersal. Such patterns may differ between individuals at the invasion front compared to individuals in established and dense populations due to differences in environmental and ecological conditions such as abundance of conspecifics or sex-specific dispersal affecting the encounter rate of potential mates. We assessed seasonal and diurnal variation in movement pattern (step length and turning angle) of adult male and female raccoon dog at their invasion front in northern Sweden using data from Global Positioning System (GPS)-marked adult individuals and assessed whether male and female raccoon dog differed in their movement behavior. There were few consistent sex differences in movement. The rate of dispersal was rather similar over the months, suggesting that both male and female raccoon dog disperse during most of the year, but with higher speed during spring and summer. There were diurnal movement patterns in both sexes with more directional and faster movement during the dark hours. However, the short summer nights may limit such movement patterns, and long-distance displacement was best explained by fine-scale movement patterns from 18:00 to 05:00, rather than by movement patterns only from twilight and night. Simulation of dispersing raccoon dogs suggested a higher frequency of male-female encounters that were further away from the source population for the empirical data compared to a scenario with sex differences in movement pattern. The lack of sex differences in movement pattern at the invasion front results in an increased likelihood for reproductive events far from the source population. Animals outside the source population should be considered potential reproducing individuals, and a high effort to capture such individuals is needed throughout the year to prevent further spread.
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| 17. |
- Dahl, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Multigene amplification and massively parallel sequencing for cancer mutation discovery
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 104:22, s. 9387-9392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a procedure for massively parallel resequencing of multiple human genes by combining a highly multiplexed and target-specific amplification process with a high-throughput parallel sequencing technology. The amplification process is based on oligonucleotide constructs, called selectors, that guide the circularization of specific DNA target regions. Subsequently, the circularized target sequences are amplified in multiplex and analyzed by using a highly parallel sequencing-by-synthesis technology. As a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate parallel resequencing of 10 cancer genes covering 177 exons with average sequence coverage per sample of 93%. Seven cancer cell lines and one normal genomic DNA sample were studied with multiple mutations and polymorphisms identified among the 10 genes. Mutations and polymorphisms in the TP53 gene were confirmed by traditional sequencing.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Dahl, Fredrik
(författare)
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Nest predation by raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides in the archipelago of northern Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Biological Invasions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1387-3547 .- 1573-1464. ; 21, s. 743-755
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The raccoon dog is a medium sized canid native to East-Asia. It was introduced to the western Soviet Union during the first half of the twentieth century, and has since then spread to, and established in, many European countries where it now is considered invasive. Raccoon dogs are suspected to have negative impacts on biodiversity, for example through nest predation, but empirical evidence is scarce. In this study we used GPS monitoring combined with camera traps on both artificial and natural nests to find out: (1) if raccoon dogs find and scavenge eggs from artificial nests, (2) if the scavenging from raccoon dogs is additive or compensatory to the scavenging from native species, and, (3) if raccoon dogs actively scare brooding birds off their nests and prey on their eggs. We found that raccoon dogs effectively located artificial nests and scavenged their eggs. There was a significantly higher scavenging frequency on experiment islands with both raccoon dogs and native scavengers, than on control islands with only native scavengers. There was no difference in native scavenging frequency on islands with versus without a raccoon dog, suggesting an additive effect from the raccoon dog on top of the native scavenging. GPS-tracked raccoon dogs moved intensively in the archipelago during the bird breeding season, swimming long distances to reach new islands if needed. Raccoon dogs that arrived on islands with natural nests actively scared brooding hens, up to the size of graylag goose, off their nests and preyed on their eggs. Raccoon dogs preyed on all the eggs they found, but discarded the egg shells. Not consuming the egg shells consequently leads to few visible traces of eggs in their stomachs or faeces, which in turn may explain why egg predation by raccoon dogs has been largely overlooked in previous studies. We discuss the potential impact of raccoon dogs on biodiversity, in the light of our new findings, and conclude that the raccoon dog may have a much larger effect on the breeding success of ground nesting sea birds than what has so far been the predominating view in the scientific literature.
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| 20. |
- Dahl, Fredrik, 1968
(författare)
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Olika lärandeprogressioner – elevers praktiska epistemologier inom yrkesämnen jämfört med övriga skolämnen i gymnasial yrkesutbildning
- 2022
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Ingår i: Paper presentation at the NORDYRK conference, 1-3 June 2022, Linköping university.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Framing. Omkring 10 % av eleverna lämnade gymnasieskolan utan examen läsåret 20/21 (Skolverket, 2021). Vägen till fortsatta studier eller tryggad etablering på arbetsmarknaden blir då längre och en ung människas möjliga livsval begränsas. Förhållandet väcker intresse för hur lärande och undervisning gestaltas i olika ämnen, och hur undervisning skulle kunna utvecklas för att ytterligare gynna elevers lärande. Föreliggande studie sätter gymnasieskolans yrkesprogram i fokus. Att delta i undervisning i olika ämnen innebär att delta i olika undervisningspraktiker (jfr. Lindberg, 2003). Det leder till olika utfall. Exempelvis lyckas elever på Bygg- och anläggningsprogrammet bättre i yrkesämnen som bygg- och anläggning än i skolämnen som samhällskunskap (Skolverket, 2021). Studiens kunskapsintresse är hur lärande i olika ämnen på yrkesprogrammen görs möjligt eller hindras och utgår från elevers handlingar, röster och reflektioner. I undervisningspraktikens samspel utvecklas och vävs elevers deltagande och meningsskapande samman till praktiska epistemologier. Dessa länkas i kontinuerliga lärandeprogressioner som ramas in av organiserande syften, estetiska erfarenheter samt lärares riktningsgivare (Almqvist m.fl., 2008; Johansson & Wickman, 2018; Lidar m.fl., 2006; Lundqvist m.fl., 2012; Wickman, 2006). Syftet är att studera likheter och skillnader mellan olika undervisningspraktiker genom analys av praktiska epistemologier (PEA) observerbara som diskursiva förändringar (Wickman & Östman, 2002; Östman & Wickman, 2014). Methodology/Method. Aktionsforskning utgör avhandlingsarbetets metodologiska ansats (Rönnerman, 2012). Här redogörs för inledande studie som är i fasen observera -> planera. Aktionen kommer bestå av samverkan med elever kring hur undervisning eller personliga val kan förändras för att nå förbättrat lärande. Två elevgrupper studeras genom videofilmning av undervisningen i olika ämnen och följs upp med video-stimulated recall (Haglund, 2003). Elevers samtal, användning av artefakter, reflektion över handlingar och undervisning undersöks för att komma åt hur praktiska epistemologier utvecklas och sammanlänkar närliggande och övergripande syften. Särskilt intresse får lärandeprogressioner som avbryts (Hamza, 2013), vilket i förlängningen kan hindra eleven att nå läroplanens kunskapskrav. Outcomes. Tidigare forskning behandlar ofta undervisning där elevers lärandeprogressioner och lärares didaktiska handlingar i naturvetenskapliga skolämnen stått i fokus. I studien prövas teorin om elevers praktiska epistemologier i nytt sammanhang inom gymnasieskolans yrkesprogram. Utgångspunkt tas i gymnasieelevers röster, handlingar och reflektioner utan att dessa först tolkas av lärare. Forskningsfälten didaktik och pedagogiskt arbete tillförs därmed kunskap om elevers möjliggjorda eller hindrade deltagande och meningsskapande i olika undervisningspraktiker, vilket också kan gynna elevers lärande och lärares undervisningsutveckling. Studiens resultat kan stimulera dialog om elevers lärande i lokala yrkesutbildningspraktiker, men har också relevans för andra utbildningsanordnare, lärare och lärarutbildning. References. Almqvist, J., Kronlid, D., Quennerstedt, M., Öhman, J., Öhman, M. & Östman, L. (2008). Pragmatiska studier av meningsskapande. Utbildning Och Demokrati, 17(3), 11-24. Haglund, B. (2003). Stimulated recall Några anteckningar om en metod att generera data. Pedagogisk Forskning i Sverige, 8(3), 145-157. Hamza, K. (2013). Distractions in the School Science Laboratory. Research in Science Education, 43(4), 1477–1499. Johansson, A.-M., & Wickman, P.-O. (2011). A pragmatist approach to learning progressions. I B. Hudson & M. A. Meyer. (Red.), Beyond fragmentation: Didactics, learning and teaching (s. 47–59). Barbara Budrich Publishers. Johansson, A., & Wickman, P.-O. (2018). The use of organising purposes in science instruction as a scaffolding mechanism to support progressions: A study of talk in two primary science classrooms. Research in Science & Technological Education, 36(1), 1–16. Lidar, M., Lundqvist, E., & Östman, L. (2006). Teaching and learning in the science classroom: The interplay between teachers' epistemological moves and students' practical epistemology. Science Education (Salem, Mass.), 90(1), 148-163. Lindberg, V. (2003). Yrkesutbildning i omvandling: en studie av lärandepraktiker och kunskapstransformationer. Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Univ., 2003. Stockholm. Lundqvist, E., Almqvist, J., & Östman, L. (2012). Institutional traditions in teachers’ manners of teaching. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 7(1), 111-127. Rönnerman, K. (2012). Vad är aktionsforskning? I K. Rönnerman (Red.), Aktionsforskning i praktiken: förskola och skola på vetenskaplig grund. 2. uppl. (s. 21–40). Lund: Studentlitteratur. Skolverket. (2021). Skolutveckling › Statistik › Sveriges Officiella Statistik, statistik på riksnivå. 1 Wickman, P.-O. (2006). Aesthetic experience in science education: learning and meaning-making as situated talk and action. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Wickman, P.-O., & Östman, L. (2002). Learning as discourse change: A sociocultural mechanism. Science Education, 86, 601–623. Östman, L., & Wickman, P. (2014). A Pragmatic Approach on Epistemology, Teaching, and Learning. Science Education 98(3), 375-382.
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| 21. |
- Dahl, Fredrik, 1968
(författare)
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Organiserande syften – ett förändrat sätt att förstå undervisningspraktiker på gymnasieskolans Bygg- och anläggningsprogram?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Paper presentation at the NORDYRK conference, 7-9 June 2023, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL), Campus Bergen.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vad är det som gör att elevers lärande fortsätter utvecklas i undervisningspraktikerna på gymnasieskolans Bygg- och anläggningsprogram? Vad är det lärare gör tillsammans med eleverna som får detta att ske? Studiens syfte är att bättre förstå detta förhållande. För ändamålet används teorin om praktiska epistemologier som utvecklats av Wickman och Östman (2002) med utgångspunkt i Deweys pragmatism och Wittgensteins språkspel. Lärande ses då som ett socialt situerat fenomen och kan studeras som diskursiv förändring av tal och handlingar hos elever som deltar i undervisningspraktiken och skapar nya erfarenheter. Lärandet riktas mot specifika mål med hjälp av så kallade organiserande syften (Johansson & Wickman, 2011; 2018; Östman & Wickman, 2014). Organiserande syften består av närliggande respektive övergripande syften. Eftersom lärarens övergripande syfte med undervisningen kan vara svårt för elever att förstå, behövs elevorienterade närliggande syften för att elever ska kunna delta på meningsfullt sätt och knyta samman tidigare erfarenheter med det som sker i nya situationer. Då byggs en kontinuerlig lärandeprogression som kan fortgå (Johansson & Wickman, 2011; 2018). Teorin om praktiska epistemologier, organiserande syften och lärandeprogression har främst använts vid studier av undervisning i naturvetenskapliga skolämnen. Ytterligare ett syfte med doktorandprojektet är att pröva teorin i nytt sammanhang – yrkesämnesundervisning. Methods / Methodology. Doktorandprojektet följer skolförlagd undervisning i kursen Bygg- och anläggning 2 genom deltagande observation och intervjuer våren 2023. Undervisningen leds av fem yrkeslärare inom träarbete, måleri samt mureri och plattsättning. De 27 elever som deltar i fallstudien går första året på utbildningen. Lärarna bedriver ett lokalt utvecklingsarbete om handlag och fackspråk under tiden som doktorandprojektet pågår. Intervjuerna genomförs som dialoger först med elevgrupper och sedan lärare utifrån stimulated recall-metodik (jfr. Haglund, 2003). Doktoranden har valt bildmaterial eller utdrag ur fältanteckningar som stimulans för dialog och reflektion. Metodologisk utgångspunkt är aktionsforskning där cykeln planera – agera – observera – reflektera följs (Rönnerman, 2012; McNiff, 2013). Results / Expected outcomes. Tidigare forskning där Wickman och Östmans teori om praktiska epistemologier använts handlar främst om undervisning i naturvetenskapliga skolämnen. I doktorandprojektet prövas teorin i nytt sammanhang där fokus är undervisning i yrkesämnen på Bygg- och anläggningsprogrammet. Genom att undersöka hur organiserande syften hänger samman med gymnasieelevers handlingar och reflektioner i förhållande till lärares didaktiska val och handlingar kan studien bidra med ett nytt perspektiv på och ny kunskap om undervisningspraktiker inom yrkesutbildningar. Berörda forskningsfält är didaktik och pedagogiskt arbete. Studiens resultat kan lokalt bidra till att lärares undervisning och elevers lärande utvecklas, men har även relevans för andra yrkesutbildningsanordnare samt lärarutbildningen. Referenser. Haglund, B. (2003). Stimulated recall – Några anteckningar om en metod att generera data. Pedagogisk Forskning i Sverige, 8(3), 145–157. https://open.lnu.se/index.php/PFS/article/view/1188 Johansson, A.-M., & Wickman, P.-O. (2011). A pragmatist approach to learning progressions. I B. Hudson & M. A. Meyer. (Red.), Beyond fragmentation: Didactics, learning and teaching (s. 47–59). Barbara Budrich Publishers. Johansson, A., & Wickman, P.-O. (2018). The use of organising purposes in science instruction as a scaffolding mechanism to support progressions: A study of talk in two primary science classrooms. Research in Science & Technological Education, 36(1), 1–16. McNiff, J. (2013). Action research: principles and practice. 3. ed. Routledge. Rönnerman, K. (2012). Vad är aktionsforskning? I K. Rönnerman (Red.), Aktionsforskning i praktiken: förskola och skola på vetenskaplig grund. 2. uppl. (s. 21–40). Studentlitteratur. Wickman, P.-O., & Östman, L. (2002). Learning as discourse change: A sociocultural mechanism. Science Education, 86, 601–623. Östman, L., & Wickman, P. (2014). A Pragmatic Approach on Epistemology, Teaching, and Learning. Science Education, 98(3), 375-382.
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| 22. |
- Dahl, Fredrik, 1977-
(författare)
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Selector Technology : For Multiplex DNA Analysis
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A majority of methods for identifying sequences in the human genome involve target sequence amplification through PCR. This work presents novel methods for amplifying circularized DNA and presents solutions for some major limitations of PCR. We have developed a novel method to amplify circularized DNA molecules based on a serial rolling-circle replication reaction, called circle to circle amplification (C2CA). Amplified DNA circles can be detected in array-based analyses or in real-time using molecular beacons. The amplification mechanism allows higher precision in quantification than in exponential amplification methods like PCR, and more products can be generated than in PCR. A major limitation of PCR is that amplification artifacts arise when large numbers of specific primer pairs are simultaneously added to a reaction. We have developed a solution to this problem that enables multiplex PCR amplification of specific target sequences without producing amplification artifacts. The procedure is based on oligonucleotide constructs, called selectors. The selectors identify defined target nucleic acid sequences, and they act as ligation templates to direct circularization of these targets. The selectors contain a general primer-pair motif that allows the circularized targets to be amplified in multiplex using a universal PCR primer pair. We also developed a computer program, PieceMaker, that finds an optimal design of selector probes for a given selector application. We demonstrate the method by performing a 96-plex PCR of specific DNA sequences with high success-rate and reproducibility.
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| 23. |
- Dahl, Fredrik, 1968
(författare)
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Teacher’s use of metaphors and aesthetic experiences as epistemological moves in vocational education
- 2024
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Ingår i: Paper presentation at the NORDYRK conference, 3-5 June 2024, University of Iceland.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Framing. Vocational didactics is an emergent research field (Wyszynska Johansson & Andersson, 2024) where there is a need for a deepened understanding of what happens in vocational educational practice when teachers and students interact and develop experience of specific objects of vocational learning (Kilbrink et al., 2022). The present case study is part of an ongoing Ph.D. project that focuses on upper secondary vocational education and training in Sweden (USVET). Five teachers and 30 first-year students were engaged together with a doctoral student in an action research project (see Carr & Kemmis, 1986) aiming to improve school-based educational practice in Building and Construction courses. The theoretical framework and, thus, the following analysis are based on Dewey’s pragmatism and Wittgenstein’s language games through a theory called practical epistemological analysis (PEA) developed by Wickman and Östman (2002). Here, learning is understood as an ongoing sociocultural phenomenon manifested as changes in discourse and student habits that can be studied as they happen, in effect, as learning in action. Methods or methodology. Video observations and interviews with students and teachers were performed during on-site visits to school-based lessons in building and construction. Data represents different vocational specializations such as carpentry, masonry, and painting. The analysis is guided by two questions: What epistemological moves (Lidar et al., 2006) do teachers use to elicit vocational knowledge when student learning progression is lingering? How do students respond to this interaction? Video recordings were analyzed, focusing on changes in educational practice, for example, situations where students need to ask a teacher or classmate for help. These sequences were then discussed with teachers in video-stimulated reflection dialogues. Results or expected outcomes. When teachers use metaphors and offer aesthetic experiences as epistemological moves (Lidar et al., 2009), students are provided opportunities to continue their learning progression. Preliminary, these moves elicit tacit vocational knowledge in situations where the human senses are essential, for example, when repetition is needed to develop a feeling for handling tools. The analytical framework (PEA) has successfully been used in science education. Here, it is tried in a new context, complementing earlier research in USVET, expanding the understanding of what happens in educational practice when the content, or specific object of learning, is vocational knowledge and skills. References. Carr, W., & Kemmis, S. (1986). Becoming critical: Education, knowledge and action research. Falmer Press. Kilbrink, N., Axelsson, J., & Asplund, S.-B. (2022). Defining critical aspects in interaction: examples from a learning study on welding based on CAVTA. International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 11(5), 16–29. Lidar, M., Lundqvist, E., & Östman, L. (2006). Teaching and learning in the science classroom: The interplay between teachers' epistemological moves and students' practical epistemology. Science Education, 90(1), 148–163. Wickman, P.-O., & Östman, L. (2002). Learning as discourse change: A sociocultural mechanism. Science Education, 86, 601–623.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Dahl, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear and Adaptive Observers for Perspective Dynamic Systems
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings American Control Conference. - : IEEE. - 0743-1619. - 9781424409884 ; , s. 2230-2235
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of 3D structure and motion from 2D images in computer vision systems can be performed using a dynamic system, often referred to as a perspective dynamic system. This paper presents a novel parametrization of the nonlinear perspective dynamic system, from which different estimators for rigid body structure as well as motion can be derived in a straightforward manner. The parametrization allows a structure estimator to be formulated as a nonlinear observer which estimates 3D position, assuming knowledge of angular and linear velocities. The observer performance is demonstrated using simulation examples, where it is also shown how a time scaling parameter can be used to tune the transient response. The parametrization also allows a motion estimator to be formulated as an adaptive observer, estimating angular velocity and 3D position assuming knowledge of the linear velocity. This is demonstrated by deriving an estimator and illustrating its performance in a simulation example. The presented investigations and simulations indicate that the parametrization has a potential for future development of estimators for structure as well as motion in perspective dynamic systems, and for the investigation of similarities and differences in comparison to discrete, projective geometry based, methods.
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| 27. |
- Dahl, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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On Observer Error Linearization for Perspective Dynamic Systems
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings American Control Conference. - : IEEE. - 1424409888
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- State estimation in perspective dynamic systems can be performed using different kinds of nonlinear observers. In this paper we investigate observer error linearization for perspective dynamic systems, where the goal is to find a coordinate transformation that results in a system for which a linear observer can be constructed. We present preliminary results in this direction, showing that such linearizing coordinate transformations indeed exist, subject to certain constraints on the angular and linear velocities. Specifically, it is shown that in many situations a linearizing coordinate transformation can be found only when additional states are added to the original system. This results in what is referred to as dynamic observer error linearization. Our investigations further provide additional insight into observability issues for perspective dynamic systems by showing how an observability condition can be interpreted in terms of the focus of expansion, and how the condition is related to the derivation of appropriate coordinate transformations.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Dahl, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Structure and Motion Estimation in Perspective Systems using a Dynamic Vision Parametrization
- 2007
-
Ingår i: 2007 European Control Conference (ECC). - : European Control Society. - 9783952417386
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estimation of 3D structure and motion from 2D images in computer vision systems can be performed using a nonlinear dynamic system, often referred to as a perspective dynamic system. In this paper we describe how a specific parametrization of the perspective dynamic system can be utilized when formulating estimation problems for structure and motion. The parametrization allows for a single estimation problem formulation which is applicable to structure estimation as well as motion estimation. The parameters to be estimated appear explicitly in the resulting dynamic system, and available partial knowledge of parameters can be taken into account in a straightforward manner. The problem formulation allows estimators for structure and motion to be derived using available methods from nonlinear and adaptive control. We demonstrate how estimators for structure and motion can be constructed based on the parametrization, and illustrate the estimation performance by simulations. In this way, it is demonstrated how a nonlinear observer can be used for motion estimation as well as recovery of three-dimensional position in a monocular vision system, using measurements from two-dimensional images.
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| 30. |
- Dahl, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding Association Between Logged Vehicle Data and Vehicle Marketing Parameters : Using Clustering and Rule-Based Machine Learning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 3rd International Conference on Information Management and Management Science, IMMS 2020. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450375467 ; , s. 13-22
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trucks are designed, configured and marketed for various working environments. There lies a concern whether trucks are used as intended by the manufacturer, as usage may impact the longevity, efficiency and productivity of the trucks. In this paper we propose a framework that aims to extract costumers' vehicle behaviours from Logged Vehicle Data (LVD) in order to evaluate whether they align with vehicle configurations, so-called Global Transport Application (GTA) parameters. Gaussian mixture model (GMM)s are employed to cluster and classify various vehicle behaviors from the LVD. Rule-based machine learning (RBML) was applied on the clusters to examine whether vehicle behaviors follow the GTA configuration. Particularly, we propose an approach based on studying associations that is able to extract insights on whether the trucks are used as intended. Experimental results shown that while for the vast majority of the trucks' behaviors seemingly follows their GTA configuration, there are also interesting outliers that warrant further analysis. © 2020 ACM.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Ericson, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Färre svenskar lämnar asfaltsdjungeln : En vanlig uppfattning är att svensken med sitt starka engagemang för naturen har stort intresse av att vara i skog och mark
- 2009
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Ingår i: Miljötrender. Nyheter och resultat från SLU. - Uppsala : SLU. - 1403-4743. ; :3, s. 3-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Varje år genomför SLU-forskare en brevundersökning till ett representativt urval av den svenska befolkningen i åldern 16 – 65 år för att se om vår inställning till djur, natur och val av friluftsaktiviteter har förändrats1. År 1980 sa 92 procent av den svenska befolkningen att de var mycket eller ganska intresserade av att vara i ”skog och mark”. Förra året sa 82 procent av svenskarna samma sak. Det är en nedgång med tio procent på knappt trettio år, men fortfarande är en stor majoritet av svenskarna mentalt nära skog och mark. Hela 86 procent av de tillfrågade tycker att skyddade naturområden är avstressande miljöer.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Heyden, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Recursive Structure and Motion Estimation based on Hybrid Matching Constraints
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Image Analysis. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540730392 - 9783540730408
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Motion estimation has traditionally been approached either from a pure discrete point of view, using multi-view tensors, or from a pure continuous point of view, using optical flow. This paper builds upon a novel framework of hybrid matching constraints for motion estimation, combining the advantages of both discrete and continuous methods. We will derive both bifocal and trifocal hybrid constraints and use them together with a structure estimate based on filtering techniques. A feedback from the structure estimate will be used to further refine the motion estimate. This gives a complete iterative structure and motion estimation scheme. Its performance will be demonstrated in simulated experiments.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Isaksson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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MLGA--a rapid and cost-efficient assay for gene copy-number analysis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 35:17, s. e115-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural variation is an important cause of genetic variation. Whole genome analysis techniques can efficiently identify copy-number variable regions but there is a need for targeted methods, to verify and accurately size variable regions, and to diagnose large sample cohorts. We have developed a technique based on multiplex amplification of size-coded selectively circularized genomic fragments, which is robust, cheaper and more rapid than current multiplex targeted copy-number assays.
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| 37. |
- Kårehed, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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IFN-gamma-induced upregulation of Fc gamma-receptor-I during activation of monocytic cells requires the PKR and NF kappa B pathways
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-5890 .- 1872-9142. ; 44:4, s. 615-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interferon (IFN)-gamma is a potent activator of macrophages, increasing the cells capacity to perform specific functions during inflammation and immune response. In this report we use IFN-gamma-induced upregulation of the high affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI/CD64) in the human monocytic cell line U-937 as a model for monocytic activation. We show that upregulation of Fc gamma RI is dependent on signals mediated by the dsRNA-dependent kinase PKR, and the transcription factor NF kappa B. silencing of PKR expression by siRNA or inhibition of PKR by 2-aminopurine (2-AP) potently blocks the IFN-gamma-induced transcriptional activation of the Fc gamma RI promoter. We find that the serine 727 phosphorylation of Stat1, required for full IFN-gamma-induced Fc gamma RI promoter activity, is dependent on PKR. We further show that IFN-gamma induction of Fc gamma RI upregulation is dependent on the NF kappa B pathway, as evidenced by inhibition of NF kappa B using a phosphorylation defective I kappa B alpha (S32A/S36A) mutant, or inhibiting the IKB-kinase (IKK) by treatment with BMS345541. Our results suggest that IFN-gamma-induced increase of Fc gamma RI expression requires the integration of two signalling events: PKR-dependent Stat1 serine 727 phosphorylation, and activation of NF kappa B.
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| 38. |
- Landegren, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular tools for a molecular medicine : analyzing genes, transcripts and proteins using padlock and proximity probes
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Recognition. - : Wiley. - 0952-3499 .- 1099-1352. ; 17:3, s. 194-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Procedures and reagents are needed to specifically detect all the macromolecules that are being identified in the course of genome projects. We discuss how this challenge may be met using a set of ligation-based reagents termed padlock probes and proximity ligation probes. These probes include elements with affinity for specific nucleic acid and protein molecules, respectively, along with unique identifier DNA sequence elements that encode the identity of the recognized target molecules. The information content of DNA strands that form in the detection reactions are recorded after amplification, allowing the recognized target molecules to be identified. The procedures permit highly specific solution-phase or localized analyses of large sets of target molecules as required in future molecular analyses.
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| 39. |
- Landegren, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Padlock and proximity probes for in situ and array-based analyses : tools for the post genomic era
- 2003
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Ingår i: Comparative and functional genomics. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1531-6912 .- 1532-6268. ; 4:5, s. 525-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Highly specific high-throughput assays will be required to take full advantage of the accumulating information about the macromolecular composition of cells and tissues, in order to characterize biological systems in health and disease. We discuss the general problem of detection specificity and present the approach our group has taken, involving the reformatting of analogue biological information to digital reporter segments of genetic information via a series of DNA ligation assays. The assays enable extensive, coordinated analyses of the numbers and locations of genes, transcripts and protein.
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| 40. |
- Lindgren, Fredrik, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Copper release rate needed to inhibit fouling on the west coast of Sweden and control of copper release using zinc oxide
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biofouling. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 34:4, s. 453-463
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How zinc oxide influences copper release has been tested and the lowest release rate of copper from various combinations of copper and zinc in a paint matrix evaluated, whilst still deterring macrofouling, including barnacles and bryozoans. Copper (I) oxide was added to a generic AF paint in 0, 8.5, 11.7 or 16.3 wt% copper oxide in combination with 0, 10 or 20 wt% zinc oxide and applied on PMMA panels. The results show that zinc influences the release rate of copper. When 10 and 20 wt% zinc was added, the total amount of copper released significantly increased by on average 32 and 47% respectively. All treatments that included copper were successful in deterring macrofouling, including the treatment with the lowest average Cu release rate, ie 4.68gcm(-2)day(-1).
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| 41. |
- Lindqvist, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Affect-Focused Psychodynamic Internet-Based Therapy for Adolescent Depression : Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Internet Research. - Toronto, ON, Canada : JMIR Publications Inc.. - 1438-8871. ; 22:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adolescent depression is one of the largest health issues in the world and there is a pressing need for effective and accessible treatments.Objective: This trial examines whether affect-focused internet-based psychodynamic therapy (IPDT) with therapist support is more effective than an internet-based supportive control condition on reducing depression in adolescents.Methods: The trial included 76 adolescents (61/76, 80% female; mean age 16.6 years), self-referred via an open access website and fulfilling criteria for major depressive disorder. Adolescents were randomized to 8 weeks of IPDT (38/76, 50%) or supportive control (38/76, 50%). The primary outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms, measured with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology for Adolescents (QIDS-A17-SR). Secondary outcomes were anxiety severity, emotion regulation, self-compassion, and an additional depression measure. Assessments were made at baseline, postassessment, and at 6 months follow-up, in addition to weekly assessments of the primary outcome measure as well as emotion regulation during treatment.Results: IPDT was significantly more effective than the control condition in reducing depression (d=0.82, P=.01), the result of which was corroborated by the second depression measure (d=0.80, P<.001). IPDT was also significantly more effective in reducing anxiety (d=0.78, P<.001) and increasing emotion regulation (d=0.97, P<.001) and self-compassion (d=0.65, P=.003). Significantly more patients in the IPDT group compared to the control group met criteria for response (56% vs 21%, respectively) and remission (35% vs 8%, respectively). Results on depression and anxiety symptoms were stable at 6 months follow-up. On average, participants completed 5.8 (SD 2.4) of the 8 modules.Conclusions: IPDT may be an effective intervention to reduce adolescent depression. Further research is needed, including comparisons with other treatments.Trial Registration: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 16206254; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN16206254
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| 42. |
- Livheim, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A quasi-experimental, multicenter study of acceptance and commitment therapy for antisocial youth in residential care
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 16, s. 119-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of youth in residential care may be a challenging task for most providers because comorbid problems are common and general psychosocial functioning is low. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is found to be the most effective treatment but results in only rather small improvements. Hence, there is potential to improve treatment approaches. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) could be one such approach. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness and feasibility of a brief trans diagnostic ACT group intervention for youth with comorbid problems in residential care. We also wanted to see whether increased psychological flexibility (PF) mediated potential positive outcomes, and to test the intervention under real-world conditions in residential care when delivered by less-specialized staff. With a quasi-experimental design, 69 youth (mean age 17.3 years) received Treatment-As-Usual (TAU), and 91 youth received TAU with an additional 12 h of ACT in a group setting (TAU + ACT). Follow-ups were conducted two weeks, 1 month, 6 months and 18 months after baseline. Intention-to-Treat (ITT) analyses showed statistically significant improvements 18 months after baseline, measured by the interaction of treatment and time for the primary outcomes of, anxiety [ACT * Months = -0.885 (0.445), p < 0.05, d = 0.34], depression [ACT * Months = -1.058 (0.526), p < 0.05, d = 0.39] and psychological flexibility [ACT * Months = -0.970 (0.413), p < 0.05; ACT * Months(2) = 0.053 (0.023), p < 0.05; d = 0.44] in TAU + ACT youth compared to TAU alone. Regarding secondary outcomes 6 months after baseline, the TAU + ACT group showed a significant decrease in anger, disruptive behavior, and increased self-concept, with small to medium effect sizes. We also observed that psychological flexibility mediated the decrease in the primary outcome of decreased anxiety. ACT in group format may be of help in promoting various positive outcomes for youth in residential care when added to treatment as usual. Increasing PF is a promising process variable that can be targeted to increase the effectiveness of interventions for this population.
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| 43. |
- Livheim, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth : A psychological measure of psychological inflexibility in youth
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-1447. ; 5:2, s. 103-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Consistent with the theory underlying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a construct termed psychological inflexibility has been suggested. There are few validated measures of psychological inflexibility for children and adolescents. One such validated instrument is the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). The results from a single study have not so far been replicated for youth.Objective: The aim of this study is to test psychometric characteristics for Swedish versions of the AFQ-Y17 and AFQ-Y8. The participants were recruited from an on-going study within institutional care for young people (12-20 years) with psychosocial problems.Findings: In this study of a sample of 159 Swedish adolescents (15-20 years of age) with psychosocial problems, the full 17-item scale was used, and analyses of the 8 items that constitute the short version (AFQ-Y8) were conducted later. The short version showed better psychometric properties than the full 17-item scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine factor solutions. The better fit for AFQ-Y8 was indicated by three of the most common measures of model fit: the comparative fit index (CFI) value exceeded .95 (the recommended cut-off value), the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) was below 08 (the recommended cut-off value), and the value of the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) was below the recommended .05 for the AFQ-Y8 scale, which the AFQ-Y17 scale failed to attain.Conclusions: This study supports the reliability, convergent validity and generalizability of both AFQ-Y17 and the shorter version AFQ-Y8. With regards to validity, both versions related in a theoretically consistent way with other psychological constructs. AFQ-Y8 was well represented by a single factor structure, while AFQ-Y17 showed a less good fit to a single factor structure. Overall, the AFQ-Y17 and AFQ-Y8 may be valuable clinical tools in reflecting changes in psychological inflexibility among adolescents. However, since the shorter version, AFQ-Y8, had psychometric properties that were at least as robust as the full 17-item scale, the shorter version is recommended for use among adolescents. (C) 2016 Association for Contextual Behavioral Science.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Mechler, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based psychodynamic versus cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with depression : study protocol for a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (the ERiCA study)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6215. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adolescent depression is a common mental health problem and there is an urgent need for effective and accessible treatments. Internet-based interventions solve many obstacles for seeking and receiving treatment, thus increasing access to effective treatments. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) for adolescent depression has demonstrated efficacy in previous trials. In order to broaden the range of evidence-based treatments for young people, we evaluated a newly developed affect-focused Internet-based psychodynamic treatment (IPDT) in a previous study with promising results. The purpose of the planned study is to evaluate the efficacy of IPDT for adolescent depression in a non-inferiority trial, comparing it to ICBT.Methods: The study will employ a parallel randomized non-inferiority design (ratio 1:1; n = 270). Eligible participants are adolescents 15–19 years suffering from depression. The primary hypothesis is that IPDT will be non-inferior to ICBT in reducing depressive symptoms from pre-treatment to end of treatment. Secondary research questions include comparing outcomes of IPDT and ICBT regarding anxiety symptoms, emotion regulation and self-compassion. Additional data will be collected to evaluate cost-effectiveness as well as investigating predictors, moderators and mediators of outcome. In addition, we will examine long-term outcome up to 1 year after end of treatment. Diagnostic interviews with MINI 7.0 will be used to establish primary diagnosis of depression as well as ruling out any exclusion criteria. Both treatments consist of eight modules over 10 weeks, complemented with therapist support through text messages and weekly chat sessions. Primary outcome measure is the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology in Adolescents Self-Rated (QIDS-A17-SR). Primary outcome will be analysed using data from all participants entering the study using a multilevel growth curve strategy based on the weekly measurements of QIDS-A17-SR. The non-inferiority margin is defined as d = 0.30.Discussion: This trial will demonstrate whether IPDT is non-inferior to ICBT in the treatment of adolescent depression. The study might therefore broaden the range of evidence-based treatment alternatives for young people struggling with depression. Further analyses of data from this trial may increase our knowledge about “what works for whom” and the pathways of change for two distinct types of interventions.Trial registration: ISRCTN12552584, Registered on 13 August 2019.
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| 46. |
- Mechler, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Therapist-guided internet-based psychodynamic therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescent depression in Sweden : a randomised, clinical, non-inferiority trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Lancet Digital Health. - : Elsevier. - 2589-7500. ; 4:8, s. e594-e603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent and associated with lifelong adversity. Evidence-based treatments exist, but accessible treatment alternatives are needed. We aimed to compare internet-based psychodynamictherapy (IPDT) with an established evidence-based treatment (internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy [ICBT]) for the treatment of adolescents with depression.Methods: In this randomised, clinical trial, we tested whether IPDT was non-inferior to ICBT in the treatment of adolescent MDD. Eligible participants were 15–19 years old, presenting with a primary diagnosis of MDD according to DSM-5. Participants were recruited nationwide in Sweden through advertisements on social media, as well as contacts with junior and senior high schools, youth associations, social workers, and health-care providers. Adolescents who scored 9 or higher on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology for Adolescents (QIDS-A17-SR) in an initial online screening were contacted by telephone for a diagnostic assessment using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Participants were randomly assigned to ICBT or IPDT. Both interventions comprised eight self-help modules delivered over 10 weeks on a secure online platform. The primary outcome was change in depression severity measured weekly by the QIDS-A17-SR. Primary analyses were based on an intention-to-treat sample including all participants randomly assigned. A non-inferiority margin of Cohen's d=0·30 was predefined. The study is registered at ISRCTN, ISRCTN12552584.Findings: Between Aug 19, 2019, and Oct 7, 2020, 996 young people completed screening; 516 (52%) were contacted for a diagnostic interview. 272 participants were eligible and randomly assigned to ICBT (n=136) or IPDT (n=136). In the ICBT group, 51 (38%) of 136 participants were classified as remitted, and 54 (40%) of 136 participants were classified as remitted in the IPDT group. Within-group effects were large (ICBT: within-group d=1·75, 95% CI 1·49 to 2·01; IPDT: within-group d=1·93, 1·67 to 2·20; both p<0·0001). No statistically significant treatment difference was found in the intention-to-treat analysis. Non-inferiority for IPDT was shown for the estimated change in depression during treatment (d=–0·18, 90% CI –0·49 to 0·13; p=0·34). All secondary outcomes showed non-significant between-group differences.Interpretation: IPDT was non-inferior to ICBT in terms of change in depression for the treatment of adolescents with MDD. This finding increases the range of accessible and effective treatment alternatives for adolescents with depression.
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| 47. |
- Mechler, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Therapist-guided internet-based psychodynamic therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescent depression in Sweden : a randomised, clinical, non-inferiority trial
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Digital Health. - : Elsevier. - 2589-7500. ; 4:8, s. E594-E603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent and associated with lifelong adversity. Evidence-based treatments exist, but accessible treatment alternatives are needed. We aimed to compare internet-based psychodynamic therapy (IPDT) with an established evidence-based treatment (internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy [ICBT]) for the treatment of adolescents with depression. Methods In this randomised, clinical trial, we tested whether IPDT was non-inferior to ICBT in the treatment of adolescent MDD. Eligible participants were 15-19 years old, presenting with a primary diagnosis of MDD according to DSM-5. Participants were recruited nationwide in Sweden through advertisements on social media, as well as contacts with junior and senior high schools, youth associations, social workers, and health-care providers. Adolescents who scored 9 or higher on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology for Adolescents (QIDS-A17-SR) in an initial online screening were contacted by telephone for a diagnostic assessment using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Participants were randomly assigned to ICBT or IPDT. Both interventions comprised eight self-help modules delivered over 10 weeks on a secure online platform. The primary outcome was change in depression severity measured weekly by the QIDS-A17-SR. Primary analyses were based on an intention -to-treat sample including all participants randomly assigned. A non-inferiority margin of Cohen's d=0.30 was predefined. The study is registered at ISRCTN, ISRCTN12552584. Findings Between Aug 19, 2019, and Oct 7, 2020, 996 young people completed screening; 516 (52%) were contacted for a diagnostic interview. 272 participants were eligible and randomly assigned to ICBT (n=136) or IPDT (n=136). In the ICBT group, 51 (38%) of 136 participants were classified as remitted, and 54 (40%) of 136 participants were classified as remitted in the IPDT group. Within-group effects were large (ICBT: within-group d=1.75, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.01; IPDT: within-group d=1.93, 1.67 to 2.20; both p<0.0001). No statistically significant treatment difference was found in the intention-to-treat analysis. Non-inferiority for IPDT was shown for the estimated change in depression during treatment (d=-0.18, 90% CI -0.49 to 0.13; p=0.34). All secondary outcomes showed non-significant between-group differences. Interpretation IPDT was non-inferior to ICBT in terms of change in depression for the treatment of adolescents with MDD. This finding increases the range of accessible and effective treatment alternatives for adolescents with depression. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time monitoring of rolling-circle amplification using a modified molecular beacon design
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 30:14, s. e66-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a method to monitor rolling-circle replication of circular oligonucleotides in dual-color and in real-time using molecular beacons. The method can be used to study the kinetics of the polymerization reaction and to amplify and quantify circularized oligonucleotide probes in a rolling-circle amplification (RCA) reaction. Modified molecular beacons were made of 2'-O-Me-RNA to prevent 3' exonucleolytic degradation by the polymerase used. Moreover, the complement of one of the stem sequences of the molecular beacon was included in the RCA products to avoid fluorescence quenching due to inter-molecular hybridization of neighboring molecular beacons hybridizing to the concatemeric polymerization product. The method allows highly accurate quantification of circularized DNA over a broad concentration range by relating the signal from the test DNA circle to an internal reference DNA circle reporting in a distinct fluorescence color.
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