| 1. |
- Andersson, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Keystroke Logging with Eye Tracking
- 2006
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Ingår i: Writing and Digital Media. - 1572-6304. - 0080448631 ; 17, s. 166-172
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes the successful development of a new methodology for studying on-line writing. The text-logging tool ScriptLog has been combined with the eyetracking technology iView X HED HT, in order to enhance the study of the interplay between writing, monitoring and revision. Data on the distribution of visual attention during writing help determining to what extent pauses are used for monitoring. The complexity of the experimental settings, and the expertise needed for interpreting the eye-tracking data make this a method suitable mainly for laboratory settings. The chapter also introduces an analysis tool that merges data from ScriptLog and iView and thus helps the researcher to organise and analyse the vast amount of data produced.
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| 2. |
- Bjerg, Anders, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in pollen sensitization in Swedish adults and protective effect of keeping animals in childhood
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 46:10, s. 1328-1336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To date, most studies of the "allergy epidemic" have been based on self-reported data. There is still limited knowledge on time trends in allergic sensitization, especially among adults.OBJECTIVE: To study allergic sensitization, its risk factors, and time trends in prevalence.METHODS: Within West Sweden Asthma Study (WSAS) a population-based sample of 788 adults (17-60y) underwent skin prick tests (SPT) for 11 aeroallergens 2009-2012. Specific IgE was analyzed in 750 of the participants. Those aged 20-46y (n=379) were compared with the European Community Respiratory Health Survey sample aged 20-46y from the same area (n=591) in 1991-1992.RESULTS: Among those aged 20-46y the prevalence of positive SPT to pollen increased; timothy from 17.1% to 29.0% (p<0.001) and birch from 15.6% to 23.7% (p=0.002) between 1991-1992 and 2009-2012. Measurements of specific IgE confirmed these increases. Prevalence of sensitization to all other tested allergens was unchanged. In the full WSAS sample aged 17-60y any positive SPT was seen in 41.9%, and the dominating sensitizers were pollen (34.3%), animals (22.8%) and mites (12.6%). Pollen sensitization was strongly associated with rhinitis, whereas indoor allergens were more associated with asthma. Growing up with livestock or furred pets decreased the risk of sensitization, adjusted odds ratio 0.53 (0.28-0.995) and 0.68 (0.47-0.98) respectively.CONCLUSION: Pollen sensitization has increased in Swedish adults since the early 1990's, while the prevalence of sensitization to other allergens has remained unchanged. This is one plausible explanation for the increase in rhinitis 1990-2008 in Swedish adults, during which time the prevalence of asthma, which is more associated with perennial allergens, was stable. Contact with animals in childhood seems to reduce the risk of sensitization well into adulthood. One major factor contributing to the rise in pollen allergy is a significant increase in levels of birch and grass pollen over the past three decades.
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| 3. |
- Carling, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Regeringen bör erkänna älvdalska
- 2021
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Ingår i: Språktidningen. - 1654-5028. ; :2021-04-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
- Chen, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Reversible and Irreversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracers Using a "Tail Switching" Strategy on a Piperazinyl Azetidine Skeleton
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 62:7, s. 3336-3353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a senile hydrolase that degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the endocannabinoid system (eCB). Selective inhibition of MAGL has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of diverse pathological conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Herein, we disclose a novel array of reversible and irreversible MAGL inhibitors by means of "tail switching" on a piperazinyl azetidine scaffold. We developed a lead irreversible-binding MAGL inhibitor 8 and reversible-binding compounds 17 and 37, which are amenable for radiolabeling with C-11 or F-18. [C-11]8 ([C-11]MAGL-2-11) exhibited high brain uptake and excellent binding specificity in the brain toward MAGL. Reversible radioligands [C-11]17 ([C-11]PAD) and [F-18]37 ([F-18]MAGL-4-11) also demonstrated excellent in vivo binding specificity toward MAGL in peripheral organs. This work may pave the way for the development of MAGL-targeted positron emission tomography tracers with tunability in reversible and irreversible binding mechanisms.
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| 5. |
- Dahl, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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11C-Acetylation of Amines with [11C]Methyl Iodide with Bis(cyclopentadienyldicarbonyliron) as the CO Source
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : Wiley. - 1434-193X .- 1099-0690. ; :38, s. 5785-5788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe herein a novel approach for the direct 11C-acetylation of amines. The carbonylative protocol is palladium-mediated, uses bis(cyclopentadienyldicarbonyliron) as the CO source, and [11C]methyl iodide or [11C]methyl iodide-D3 as a radioactive precursor. A set of functionalized primary and secondary amines was 11C-labelled in radiochemical yields ranging from 7–85 %. The potential use of this method for positron emission tomography radiotracer production was additionally demonstrated by the radiosynthesis of [11C]lacosamide, [11C]melatonine, and [11C]acecainide in 44–55 % RCY.
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| 6. |
- Dahl, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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C-11-Carbonylation through in Situ Generated C-11-Benzoyl Chlorides with Tetrabutylammonium Chloride as Chloride Source
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1434-193X .- 1099-0690. ; :18, s. 2648-2651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aromatic C-11-containing acids, amides, esters, and aldehydes were obtained through a novel C-11-carbonylative reaction. In the two-step process, aryl iodides are first reacted with (CO)-C-11 and tetrabutylammonium chloride in a palladium-mediated reaction to yield C-11-benzoyl chlorides in situ. The crude mixture is then further treated with either a hydroxide, amine, alcohol, or a hydride in a second vial to furnish the final C-11-carbonyl product. The monodentate ligand tri-tert-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate was proven to be crucial for obtaining high radiochemical yields (RCY). A wide range of C-11-containing carbonyl compounds were successfully radiolabeled in moderate to excellent RCYs, ranging from 41-93%. The synthetic retinoic acid tamibarotene was obtained in a RCY of 89%, whereas the Boc-protected procainamide was labelled in 68% RCY, which is a significantly increase (2-3 fold) in RCY compared to other published methods.
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| 7. |
- Dahl, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Good manufacturing procedure production of [18 F]SynVesT-1, a radioligand for in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 1099-1344 .- 0362-4803. ; 65:12, s. 315-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- [18 F]SynVesT-1 (also known as [18 F]SDM-8 or [18 F]MNI-1126) is a potent and selective synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2A) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. In order to fulfill the increasing clinical demand of an 18 F-labeled SV2A PET ligand, we have developed a fully automated procedure to provide a sterile and pyrogen-free good manufacturing procedure (GMP)-compliant product of [18 F]SynVesT-1 suitable for clinical studies in humans. [18 F]SynVesT-1 is synthesized via a rapid copper-mediated radiofluorination protocol. The procedure was developed and established on a commercially available module, TracerMaker (ScanSys Laboratorieteknik ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark), a synthesis platform originally developed to conduct carbon-11 radiochemistry. From ~130GBq (end-of-bombardment), our newly developed procedure enabled us to prepare [18 F]SynVesT-1 in an isolated radioactivity yield of 14,220±800MBq (n=3), which corresponds to a radiochemical yield (RCY) of 19.5±0.5%. The radiochemical purity (RCP) and enantiomeric purity of each of the final formulated batches exceeded 98%. The overall synthesis time was 90min and the molar activity was 330±60GBq/μmol (8.9±1.6Ci/μmol). The produced [18 F]SynVesT-1 was stable over 8h at room temperature and is suitable for in vivo PET imaging studies in human subjects.
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| 8. |
- Dahl, Kenneth
(författare)
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Methodological advancements in microfluidic and carbonylation PET radiochemistry
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Along with the progress of PET as a powerful imaging tool in medicine, there has been increasing demand for new labeling methods. The main aim of this PhD dissertation was to develop novel labeling methodologies using the positron emitter carbon-11. Advancements within the field of palladium-mediated carbonylation reaction are discussed in the first part of the thesis. Paper I describes the development of a Pd-ligand complex where [11C]carbon monoxide (11CO) is efficiently trapped and incorporated as a part of the CO- insertion procedure. The consequent carbonylation reaction proceeds smoothly in good and reproducible yields using aryl halides or triflates as substrates. As a proof of concept, the utility of the protocol was applied to the synthesis of a candidate radioligand for the histamine type-3 receptor. The same protocol was further improved using microwave heating in paper II. An improved yield was observed in the 11C-aminocarbonylation of electron deficient aryl halides and even allowing for the use of an aryl chloride as substrate. Moreover, high yields for hydroxy- and alkoxycarbonylation were obtained when efficient microwave-energy absorbent nucleophiles, such as water and alcohol, were utilized as co-solvents. In paper III, an efficient and convenient carbonylative approach for the direct synthesis of 11C-labeled aryl methyl ketones from aryl halides is presented, employing [11C]methyl iodide (11CH3I) as the radioactive precursor under Co2(CO)8-mediated conditions. A total of ten model (hetero)aryl methyl ketones were obtained in a 22-63% decay-corrected radiochemical yield, based on radioactivity in the solution at the end of synthesis. The increasing demand of rapid labeling procedures has stimulated the development of emerging technologies such as microfluidics for more flexible and efficient radioligand supply. To this end, in the second part of the thesis, microfluidic-assisted radiochemistry was evaluated for the labeling with fluorine-18 and carbon-11. Firstly, in paper IV, a commercially available microfluidic (MF) platform was evaluated using the two-step preparation of 18F-fluorobenzyl amines via a reductive amination reaction. The microfluidic apparatus allowed for rapid parameter optimization and was also applied preparatively to produce adequate radioactivities for PET applications. Finally, in paper V, a novel gas-liquid segmented microfluidic platform was developed. The large gas-to-liquid interfacial area generated by the segmented approach facilitated the 11CO insertion even while less reactive Pd-ligand species were applied. The Pd- mediated 11C-carbonylation reaction proceeded smoothly on this platform and good to excellent radiochemical yields were observed. Twelve compounds were successfully radiolabeled in a RCY range of 41-99%, including the well establiched D2 receptor radioligands [11C]raclopride and [11C]FLB 457.
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| 9. |
- Dods, Robert, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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From Macrocrystals to Microcrystals: A Strategy for Membrane Protein Serial Crystallography.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-4186 .- 0969-2126. ; 25:9, s. 1461-1468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serial protein crystallography was developed at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and is now also being applied at storage ring facilities. Robust strategies for the growth and optimization of microcrystals are needed to advance the field. Here we illustrate a generic strategy for recovering high-density homogeneous samples of microcrystals starting from conditions known to yield large (macro) crystals of the photosynthetic reaction center of Blastochloris viridis (RCvir). We first crushed these crystals prior to multiple rounds of microseeding. Each cycle of microseeding facilitated improvements in the RCvir serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) structure from 3.3-Å to 2.4-Å resolution. This approach may allow known crystallization conditions for other proteins to be adapted to exploit novel scientific opportunities created by serial crystallography.
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| 10. |
- Dods, Robert, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrafast structural changes within a photosynthetic reaction centre.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 589:7841, s. 310-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photosynthetic reaction centres harvest the energy content of sunlight by transporting electrons across an energy-transducing biological membrane. Here we use time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography1 using an X-ray free-electron laser2 to observe light-induced structural changes in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Blastochloris viridis on a timescale of picoseconds. Structural perturbations first occur at the special pair of chlorophyll molecules of the photosynthetic reaction centre that are photo-oxidized by light. Electron transfer to the menaquinone acceptor on the opposite side of the membrane induces a movement of this cofactor together with lower amplitude protein rearrangements. These observations reveal how proteins use conformational dynamics to stabilize the charge-separation steps of electron-transfer reactions.
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| 11. |
- Jacksén, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Capillary electrophoresis separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry characterization of bovine serum albumin fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugates
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 878:15-16, s. 1125-1134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A protocol using enzymatic digestion, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) for the investigation of the binding of the fluorescent contact allergen fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to the 66 kDa large protein bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model system for protein-hapten binding in the skin, is presented. Mass spectra of BSA-FITC digestions, using trypsin and chymotrypsin, respectively, provided sequence coverage of 97%. To investigate the number of FITC-bound peptides using CE-LIF separation, three different buffer salts at four different pH levels were evaluated. The use of 20 mM sodium citrate pH 6.5 as well as 20 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.5 or pH 7.5 as background electrolyte revealed high numbers of peptides with at least one bound FITC. The effect of the electrolyte counter ion on MALDI-MS was investigated and was found to have effect on the MALDI spectra signal-to-noise (S/N) at 50 mM but not at 10 m M. Of the 60 theoretical FITC-binding sites in BSA this MALDI-MS protocol presents 30 defined. 28 possible and 2 non-binding sites for FITC. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Kristiansen, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of nurses' opinion of client behaviour and level of social functioning on the amount of time they spend with clients
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1351-0126 .- 1365-2850. ; 12:6, s. 719-727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of nurses' opinion of client behaviour and level of social functioning on the amount of time they spend with clients For people afflicted with different kinds of psychiatric disorder, suffering is a common denominator. The time the nurses spend with psychiatric clients may mirror their attitudes towards and feelings for these clients. The aim of this study was to investigate the connections between the time spent together and the nurses' opinion of client behaviour and social functioning in community-based psychiatry. In this quantitative study, 29 clients were assessed by 30 nurses, who answered the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). At the same time, 11,200 non-participant observations of clients were registered using the Patient Activity Classification (PAC) to investigate how they spent their time at two psychiatric group dwellings. The PAC instrument revealed that clients spent an average of 60.8% of time alone, while only 20% of their daily time was spent with the nurses. Based on a factor analysis, indices were made by setting cut-off points for the PANSS and the GAF scores, and four small groups of clients were generated: a relatively high level of social functioning and a low degree of psychiatric symptoms (A); a relatively high level of social functioning and a high degree of psychiatric symptoms (B); a low level of social functioning and a low degree of psychiatric symptoms (C); and, finally, a low level of social functioning and a high degree of psychiatric symptoms (D). The clients judged as having a low level of social functioning in combination with high degrees of psychiatric symptoms, that is, the most vulnerable and dependent individuals, receive less staff attention (18%) and are the clients who spend the most time alone (71.4%). It might be possible to interpret the results of this study in the light of a process of dehumanization.
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| 13. |
- Kårehed, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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IFN-gamma-induced upregulation of Fc gamma-receptor-I during activation of monocytic cells requires the PKR and NF kappa B pathways
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0161-5890 .- 1872-9142. ; 44:4, s. 615-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interferon (IFN)-gamma is a potent activator of macrophages, increasing the cells capacity to perform specific functions during inflammation and immune response. In this report we use IFN-gamma-induced upregulation of the high affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI/CD64) in the human monocytic cell line U-937 as a model for monocytic activation. We show that upregulation of Fc gamma RI is dependent on signals mediated by the dsRNA-dependent kinase PKR, and the transcription factor NF kappa B. silencing of PKR expression by siRNA or inhibition of PKR by 2-aminopurine (2-AP) potently blocks the IFN-gamma-induced transcriptional activation of the Fc gamma RI promoter. We find that the serine 727 phosphorylation of Stat1, required for full IFN-gamma-induced Fc gamma RI promoter activity, is dependent on PKR. We further show that IFN-gamma induction of Fc gamma RI upregulation is dependent on the NF kappa B pathway, as evidenced by inhibition of NF kappa B using a phosphorylation defective I kappa B alpha (S32A/S36A) mutant, or inhibiting the IKB-kinase (IKK) by treatment with BMS345541. Our results suggest that IFN-gamma-induced increase of Fc gamma RI expression requires the integration of two signalling events: PKR-dependent Stat1 serine 727 phosphorylation, and activation of NF kappa B.
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| 14. |
- Løkkegaard, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Greenland and Canadian Arctic ice temperature profiles database
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 17:9, s. 3829-3845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we present a compilation of 95 ice temperature profiles from 85 boreholes from the Greenland ice sheet and peripheral ice caps, as well as local ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Profiles from only 31 boreholes (36 %) were previously available in open-access data repositories. The remaining 54 borehole profiles (64 %) are being made digitally available here for the first time. These newly available profiles, which are associated with pre-2010 boreholes, have been submitted by community members or digitized from published graphics and/or data tables. All 95 profiles are now made available in both absolute (meters) and normalized (0 to 1 ice thickness) depth scales and are accompanied by extensive metadata. These metadata include a transparent description of data provenance. The ice temperature profiles span 70 years, with the earliest profile being from 1950 at Camp VI, West Greenland. To highlight the value of this database in evaluating ice flow simulations, we compare the ice temperature profiles from the Greenland ice sheet with an ice flow simulation by the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). We find a cold bias in modeled near-surface ice temperatures within the ablation area, a warm bias in modeled basal ice temperatures at inland cold-bedded sites, and an apparent underestimation of deformational heating in high-strain settings. These biases provide process level insight on simulated ice temperatures.
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| 15. |
- Norbergh, Karl-Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Nurses' attitudes towards people with dementia : the semantic differential technique
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-7330 .- 1477-0989. ; 13:3, s. 264-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One important aspect of the nurse-patient relationship is the nurses' attitudes towards their patients. Nurses' attitudes towards people with dementia have been studied from a wide range of approaches, but few of them have focused on the structure in nurses' attitudes. This study aimed to identify a structure in licensed practical nurses' attitudes towards people with dementia. Twenty-one group dwelling units for people with dementia at eleven nursing homes participated in the study. In all, 1,577 assessments of 178 patients were sent out to 181 respondents and 1,237 answers were returned. The semantic differential technique was used. The scale has 57 bipolar pairs of adjectives, which estimate an unknown number of dimensions of nurses' attitudes towards an identified patient. The assessments were analysed using entropy-based measures of association combined with structural plots. The analysis revealed four dimensions. These four dimensions related to licensed practical nurses' opinion of the patients; from an ethical and aesthetic dimension; their ability to understand; their ability to experience; their ability for social interaction. The study indicates that, on the positive to negative attitude continuum, attitudes fall at the positive to neutral end of the continuum. This is an important finding due to the personhood perspective. From this perspective, it is reasonable to assume that with a more positive attitude to people with dementia, the prerequisites for person-centred care will improve.
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| 16. |
- Rahman, Obaidur, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of ([C-11]carbonyl)raclopride and a comparison with ([C-11]methyl)raclopride in a monkey PET study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 42:11, s. 893-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The selective dopamine D-2 receptor antagonist raclopride is usually labeled with carbon-11 using [C-11]methyl iodide or [C-11]methyl triflate for use in the quantification of dopamine D-2 receptors in human brain. The aim of this work was to label raclopride at the carbonyl position using [C-11]carbon monoxide chemistry and to compare ([C-11]carbonyl)raclopride with ([C-11]methyl)raclopride in non-human primate (NHP) using PET with regard to quantitative outcome measurement, metabolism of the labeled tracers and protein binding. Methods: Palladium-mediated carbonylation using [C-11]carbon monoxide, 4,6-dichloro-2-iodo-3-methoxyphenol and (S)-(-)-2-aminomethyl-1-ethylpyrrolidine was applied in the synthesis of ([C-11]carbonyl)raclopride. The reaction was performed at atmospheric pressure using xantphos as supporting phosphine ligand and palladium (pi-cinnamyl) chloride dimer as the palladium source. ([C-11]Methyl)raclopride was prepared by a previously published method. In the PET study, two female cynomolgus monkeys were used under gas anesthesia of sevoflurane. A dynamic PET measurement was performed for 63 min with an HRRT PET camera after intravenous injection of ([C-11]carbonyl)raclopride and ([C-11]methyl)raclopride, respectively, during the same day. The order of injection of the two PET radioligands was changed between the two monkeys. The venous blood sample for measurement of protein binding was taken 3 min prior to the PET scan. Binding potential (BPND) of the putamen and caudate was calculated with SRTM using the cerebellum as a reference region. Results: The target compound ([C-11]carbonyl)raclopride was obtained with 50 +/- 5% decay corrected radiochemical yield and 95% radiochemical purity. The trapping efficiency (TE) of [C-11]carbon monoxide was 65 +/- 5% and the specific radioactivity of the final product was 34 +/- 1 GBq/mu mol after a 50 min of synthesis time. The radiochemical yield of ([C-11]methyl)raclopride was in the same range as published previously i.e. 50-60% and specific radioactivity of those two batches which were used in the present PET study were 192 GBq/mu mol and 638 GBq/mu mol respectively after a synthesis time of 32 min. In monkey PET studies, the percentage difference of BPND in putamen was <3% and that in caudate was <9% for the two radioligands. The plasma protein binding was 86.2 +/- 0.3% and 85.7 +/- 0.6% for ([C-11]carbonyl)raclopride and ([C-11]methyl)raclopride, respectively. The radiometabolite pattern was similar for both radioligands. Conclusion: Raclopride was C-11-labeled at the carbonyl position using a palladium-mediated [C-11]carbonylation reaction. A comparison between ([C-11]carbonyl)raclopride and ([C-11]merhyl)raclopride with regard to quantitative PET outcome measurements, metabolism of radioligands and protein binding in monkey was performed. The monkey PET study with ([C-11]carbonyl)raclopride showed similar results as for ([C-11]methyl)raclopride. The PET studies were performed on 2 subjects.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Roslin, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Reaction of 11C‐benzoyl chlorides with metalloid reagents: 11C‐labeling of benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, and phenylketones from [11C]CO
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals. - : Wiley. - 0362-4803 .- 1099-1344. ; 61:5, s. 447-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we describe the carbonâ€11 (11C, t1/2 = 20.4 minutes) labeling of benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, and ketones using an efficient 2-€step synthesis in which 11C-€carbon monoxide is used in an initial palladium-€mediated reaction to produce 11C-€benzoyl chloride as a key intermediate. In the second step, the obtained 11C-€benzoyl chloride is further treated with a metalloid reagent to furnish the final 11C-€labeled product. Benzyl alcohols were obtained in moderated to high nonâ€isolated radiochemical yields (RCY, 35%-90%) with lithium aluminum hydride or lithium aluminum deuteride as metalloid reagent. Changing the metalloid reagent to either tributyltin hydride or sodium borohydride, allowed for the reliable syntheses of 11C-€benzaldehydes in RCYs ranging from 58% to 95%. Finally, sodium tetraphenylborate were utilized to obtain 11C-€phenyl ketones in high RCYs (77%-95%). The developed method provides a new and efficient route to 3 different classes of compounds starting from aryl iodides or aryl bromides.
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| 19. |
- Silins, Ilvars, et al.
(författare)
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Chlamydia trachomatis infection and persistence of human papillomavirus.
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 116:1, s. 110-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence is the major cause of cervical cancer, but most HPV infections will not persist and risk factors for HPV persistence are not well known. Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis infection seems to also be associated with cervical cancer. We investigated whether C. trachomatis infection is a risk factor for HPV persistence. In a cohort of 12,527 women participating in a population-based HPV screening trial in Sweden, 6,418 women completed testing for HPV DNA by general primer PCR and typing by reverse dot blot hybridization. On average 19 months later, 303 women that had been HPV-positive and had normal cytology at enrollment completed a new HPV test. Environmental exposures were assessed by an 87-itern questionnaire. Previous sexually transmitted infections were also investigated by serology. At follow-up, 44% of the women were positive for the same type of HPV DNA as at enrollment. Persistence correlated with length of follow-up (p < 0.01) and condom use seemed to protect against HPV persistence (p < 0.05). The most significant risk factor for persistent presence of HPV DNA was self-reported history of previous C. trachomatis infection (relative risk in multivariate model = 2.09; 95% confidence interval = 1.05-4.18). We conclude that persistence of oncogenic HPV infections is more likely among women with a previous C. trachomatis infection.
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