| 1. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Hänsynsuppföljning - grunder
- 2012
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Gruppens förslag I rapporten presenteras de ställningstaganden och förslag som gruppen hittills kommit fram till, samt bakgrund och motiv för dessa. I rapporten presenteras också några viktiga frågor där gruppen ännu inte har något färdigt förslag. Avsikten är att rapporten ska underlätta kommunikationen med övriga arbetsgrupper inom Dialog om miljöhänsyn och vara en grund för uppföljningsgruppens fortsatta arbete. Syftet med förslagen är att förbättra den uppföljning av miljöhänsyn vid avverkning och under föryngringsarbetet som Skogsstyrelsen ansvarar för och för de uppföljningar som skogsbruket gör. Gruppen för uppföljning föreslår Skogsstyrelsens ledning att: Uttrycket hänsynsuppföljning används istället för Polytax vid myndighetens uppföljning av miljöhänsyn vid skogliga åtgärder. Syftet med uppföljningen ändras från att utvärdera tagen miljöhänsyn vid föryngringsavverkning genom att relatera den till lagen i taxering till att ge statistik som är användbar vid utvärderingar av de skogspolitiska (miljö)målen och miljömålen. Uppföljningen ska också vara användbar i efterföljande lärande hos markägaren för att åstadkomma förbättrat hänsynstagande. Begreppet LIT, Lagen I Taxering, utgår. Uppföljningen ska vara bättre faktabaserad än Polytax. Data som samlas in i fält ska i så stor utsträckning som möjligt vara mätbara kvantiteter och i övrigt vara bedömda kvaliteter med tydliga bedömningsgrunder. Utvärdering görs i huvudsak separat efter uppföljningen, åtskiljd från uppföljningen. Eventuella värderande inslag i uppföljningen ska vara lättförståeliga och transparenta och helst göras efter att fältdata är insamlat. Föreskrifter och allmänna råd till 30 § SvL och andra relevanta regelverk används för att få konkreta variabler att följa upp men det är viktigt att uppföljningen hålls isär från den rättsliga tillsynen. Uppföljningens resultat ska även vara användbara i lärandeprocessen, för att åstadkomma förbättrat hänsynstagande och vid behov ge incitament för att anpassa/ förändra regler och rekommendationer. Som en del i att stärka lärandet bör Skogsstyrelsen arbeta fram ett konkret förslag på hur rådgivning i ökad grad kan bygga på underlag från hänsynsuppföljningen. Skogsstyrelsen inrättar ett externt användarråd för uppföljningar inom området skogliga miljömål. Stärka kvalitetssäkringen i uppföljningen genom att kvalitetssäkringen sker efter en fastställd metod, integreras med verksamhetsstyrningen i stort och tillförsäkras nödvändiga resurser. I kvalitetssäkring ingår att regelbundet genomföra kontrolltaxeringar samt oberoende utvärderingar gentemot uppföljningens syfte. Statistiken ska ha "tillräcklig kvalitet" (officiella statistikens begrepp) och uppgift om tillförlitligheten ska följa med resultaten. Personcertifiering av nyckelbiotopskompetens bör senare övervägas. Gruppen föreslår skogsbruket att: Ta fram jämförbara uppföljningssystem som direkt kan nyttjas som underlag tillsammans med Skogsstyrelsens system. Regelbundet följa upp planering av avverkningar och utförda avverkningar. Öppet redovisa resultat av uppföljningarna.
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| 2. |
- Ahrné, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Tillstånd och trender för arter och deras livsmiljöer – rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015
- 2015
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- 2015 års upplaga av den svenska rödlistan är den fjärde i ordningen. Den är baserad på IUCN:s rödlistningskriterier och revideras vart femte år. I rödlistan bedöms risken som enskilda arter av djur, växter och svampar löper att försvinna från Sverige. Bedömningen utförs av ArtDatabankens medarbetare i samverkan med över 100 externa experter, indelade i 14 expertkommittéer för olika organismgrupper. Under arbetet med 2015 års rödlista har tillstånd och trender bedömts för 21 600 arter och 1 318 lägre taxa (apomiktiska arter, underarter och varieteter), sammanlagt ca 22 900 taxa. Av de bedömda arterna klassificerades 2 029 som hotade (kategorierna CR, EN och VU) och 4 273 som rödlistade (inkluderar även kategorierna NT, RE och DD). Förhållandet mellan antalet rödlistade och antalet bedömda arter ar 19,8 %, vilket är ungefär samma värde som 2010 och 2005. I denna rapport jämförs antalet och andelen rödlistade arter mellan olika organismgrupper, biotoper, substrat och påverkansfaktorer. Texten ar indelad i en allmän del och åtta kapitel inriktade på olika landskapstyper. Landskapstyperna utgör en grov indelning av landets miljöer enligt följande kategorier: Skog, Jordbrukslandskap, Urbana miljöer, Fjäll, Våtmarker, Sötvatten, Havsstränder och Havsmiljöer. Skogen och jordbrukslandskapet är de artrikaste landskapstyperna med 1 800 respektive 1 400 arter som har en stark anknytning dit, och ytterligare flera hundra arter som förekommer där mer sporadiskt. De faktorer som påverkar flest rödlistade arter i Sverige är skogsavverkning och igenväxning, som båda utgör ett hot mot vardera ca 30 % av de rödlistade arterna. Avverkning minskar arealen av skog där naturliga strukturer och naturlig dynamik upprätthålls, och den orsakar därmed förlust av livsmiljöer. Igenväxning orsakas av ett antal faktorer, bland annat upphörande hävd (bete och slåtter), gödsling, trädplantering och brist på naturliga störningsregimer som t.ex. regelbundna översvämningar kring vattendrag och sjöar. Andra viktiga påverkansfaktorer är fiske, torrläggning av våtmarker, tillbakagång hos värdarter (främst alm och ask som drabbats av invasiva svampsjukdomar), klimatförändringar och konkurrens från invasiva arter. IUCN:s rödlisteindex beräknas för ett urval av de bedömda organismgrupperna. Rödlisteindex visar att skillnaderna mellan rödlistorna från 2000, 2005, 2010 och 2015 är små. Ett par undantag finns dock. Groddjur och stora däggdjur har fått en något förbättrad situation sedan 2000. Totalt förefaller det ändå som att trycket mot Sveriges artstock har förblivit relativt konstant under de senaste 15 åren.
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| 3. |
- Angelstam, Per, et al.
(author)
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Evidence-Based Knowledge Versus Negotiated Indicators for Assessment of Ecological Sustainability : The Swedish Forest Stewardship Council Standard as a Case Study
- 2013
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In: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 42:2, s. 229-240
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Assessing ecological sustainability involves monitoring of indicators and comparison of their states with performance targets that are deemed sustainable. First, a normative model was developed centered on evidence-based knowledge about (a) forest composition, structure, and function at multiple scales, and (b) performance targets derived by quantifying the habitat amount in naturally dynamic forests, and as required for presence of populations of specialized focal species. Second, we compared the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification standards' ecological indicators from 1998 and 2010 in Sweden to the normative model using a Specific, Measurable, Accurate, Realistic, and Timebound (SMART) indicator approach. Indicator variables and targets for riparian and aquatic ecosystems were clearly under-represented compared to terrestrial ones. FSC's ecological indicators expanded over time from composition and structure towards function, and from finer to coarser spatial scales. However, SMART indicators were few. Moreover, they poorly reflected quantitative evidence-based knowledge, a consequence of the fact that forest certification mirrors the outcome of a complex social negotiation process.
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| 4. |
- Jonmarker, Sandra, et al.
(author)
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Effects of 12 mg vs. 6 mg dexamethasone on thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with critical COVID-19-a post hoc analysis of the randomized, blinded COVID STEROID 2 trial
- 2023
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In: Annals of Intensive Care. - : SPRINGER. - 2110-5820. ; 13:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundThromboembolism is more common in patients with critical COVID-19 than in other critically ill patients, and inflammation has been proposed as a possible mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate if 12 mg vs. 6 mg dexamethasone daily reduced the composite outcome of death or thromboembolism in patients with critical COVID-19.MethodsUsing additional data on thromboembolism and bleeding we did a post hoc analysis of Swedish and Danish intensive care unit patients enrolled in the blinded randomized COVID STEROID 2 trial comparing 12 mg vs. 6 mg dexamethasone daily for up to 10 days. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of death or thromboembolism during intensive care. Secondary outcomes were thromboembolism, major bleeding, and any bleeding during intensive care.ResultsWe included 357 patients. Whilst in intensive care, 53 patients (29%) in the 12 mg group and 53 patients (30%) in the 6 mg group met the primary outcome with an unadjusted absolute risk difference of - 0.5% (95% CI - 10 to 9.5%, p = 1.00) and an adjusted OR of 0.93 (CI 95% 0.58 to 1.49, p = 0.77). We found no firm evidence of differences in any of the secondary outcomes.ConclusionsAmong patients with critical COVID-19, 12 mg vs. 6 mg dexamethasone daily did not result in a statistically significant difference in the composite outcome of death or thromboembolism. However, uncertainty remains due to the limited number of patients.
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| 5. |
- Kolnes, Anders Jensen, et al.
(author)
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TGFBR3L is associated with gonadotropin production in non-functioning gonadotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumours
- 2023
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In: Pituitary. - : Springer. - 1386-341X .- 1573-7403. ; 26:2, s. 227-236
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose Transforming growth factor-beta receptor 3-like (TGFBR3L) is a pituitary enriched membrane protein selectively detected in gonadotroph cells. TGFBR3L is named after transforming growth factor-beta receptor 3 (TGFBR3), an inhibin A co-receptor in mice, due to sequence identity to the C-terminal region. We aimed to characterize TGFBR3L detection in a well-characterized, prospectively collected cohort of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PitNETs) and correlate it to clinical data.Methods 144 patients operated for clinically NF-PitNETs were included. Clinical, radiological and biochemical data were recorded. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for FSH beta and LH beta was scored using the immunoreactive score (IRS), TGFBR3L and TGFBR3 were scored by the percentage of positive stained cells.Results TGFBR3L staining was selectively present in 52% of gonadotroph tumours. TGFBR3L was associated to IRS of LH beta (median 2 [IQR 0-3] in TGFBR3L negative and median 6 [IQR 3-9] in TGFBR3L positive tumours, p < 0.001), but not to the IRS of FSH beta (p = 0.32). The presence of TGFBR3L was negatively associated with plasma gonadotropin concentrations in males (P-FSH median 5.5 IU/L [IQR 2.9-9.6] and median 3.0 [IQR 1.8-5.6] in TGFBR3L negative and positive tumours respectively, p = 0.008) and P-LH (median 2.8 IU/L [IQR 1.9-3.7] and median 1.8 [IQR 1.1-3.0] in TGFBR3L negative and positive tumours respectively, p = 0.03). TGFBR3 stained positive in 22% (n = 25) of gonadotroph tumours with no correlation to TGFBR3L.Conclusion TGFBR3L was selectively detected in half (52%) of gonadotroph NF-PitNETs. The association to LH beta staining and plasma gonadotropins suggests that TGFBR3L may be involved in hormone production in gonadotroph NF-PitNETs.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Patient-specific brain arteries molded as a flexible phantom model using 3D printed water-soluble resin
- 2022
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In: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 12
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Visualizing medical images from patients as physical 3D models (phantom models) have many roles in the medical field, from education to preclinical preparation and clinical research. However, current phantom models are generally generic, expensive, and time-consuming to fabricate. Thus, there is a need for a cost- and time-efficient pipeline from medical imaging to patient-specific phantom models. In this work, we present a method for creating complex 3D sacrificial molds using an off-the-shelf water-soluble resin and a low-cost desktop 3D printer. This enables us to recreate parts of the cerebral arterial tree as a full-scale phantom model (10×6×410×6×4 cm) in transparent silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) from computed tomography angiography images (CTA). We analyzed the model with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compared it with the patient data. The results show good agreement and smooth surfaces for the arteries. We also evaluate our method by looking at its capability to reproduce 1 mm channels and sharp corners. We found that round shapes are well reproduced, whereas sharp features show some divergence. Our method can fabricate a patient-specific phantom model with less than 2 h of total labor time and at a low fabrication cost.
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| 7. |
- Ottosson, Elisabet, et al.
(author)
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Diverse ecological roles within fungal communities in decomposing logs of Picea abies
- 2015
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In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 91:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fungal communities in Norway spruce (Picea abies) logs in two forests in Sweden were investigated by 454-sequence analyses and by examining the ecological roles of the detected taxa. We also investigated the relationship between fruit bodies and mycelia in wood and whether community assembly was affected by how the dead wood was formed. Fungal communities were highly variable in terms of phylogenetic composition and ecological roles: 1910 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected; 21% were identified to species level. In total, 58% of the OTUs were ascomycetes and 31% basidiomycetes. Of the 231 337 reads, 38% were ascomycetes and 60% basidiomycetes. Ecological roles were assigned to 35% of the OTUs, accounting for 62% of the reads. Wood-decaying fungi were the most common group; however, other saprotrophic, mycorrhizal, lichenized, parasitic and endophytic fungi were also common. Fungal communities in logs formed by stem breakage were different to those in logs originating from butt breakage or uprooting. DNA of specific species was detected in logs many years after the last recorded fungal fruiting. Combining taxonomic identification with knowledge of ecological roles may provide valuable insights into properties of fungal communities; however, precise ecological information about many fungal species is still lacking.
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| 8. |
- Ali, Abdulemir, et al.
(author)
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Dissatisfied patients after total knee arthroplasty
- 2014
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In: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 85:3, s. 229-233
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and purpose - In 2003, an enquiry by the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR) 2-7 years after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revealed patients who were dissatisfied with the outcome of their surgery but who had not been revised. 6 years later, we examined the dissatisfied patients in one Swedish county and a matched group of very satisfied patients. Patients and methods - 118 TKAs in 114 patients, all of whom had had their surgery between 1996 and 2001, were examined in 2009-2010. 55 patients (with 58 TKAs) had stated in 2003 that they were dissatisfied with their knees and 59 (with 60 TKAs) had stated that they were very satisfied with their knees. The patients were examined clinically and radiographically, and performed functional tests consisting of the 6-minute walk and chair-stand test. All the patients filled out a visual analog scale (VAS, 0-100 mm) regarding knee pain and also the Hospital and Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD). Results - Mean VAS score for knee pain differed by 30 mm in favor of the very satisfied group (p < 0.001). 23 of the 55 patients in the dissatisfied group and 6 of 59 patients in the very satisfied group suffered from anxiety and/or depression (p = 0.001). Mean range of motion was 11 degrees better in the very satisfied group (p < 0.001). The groups were similar with regard to clinical examination, physical performance testing, and radiography. Interpretation - The patients who reported poor response after TKA continued to be unhappy after 8-13 years, as demonstrated by VAS pain and HAD, despite the absence of a discernible objective reason for revision.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Annersten, Magdalena, et al.
(author)
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Structured diabetes education in Sweden : a national inquiry involving 583 nurses working with diabetes patients in hospitals and primary care facilities.
- 2006
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In: Practical Diabetes International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1357-8170 .- 1528-252X. ; 23:3, s. 138-141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The overall goals for the treatment of diabetes are to prevent acute and long-term complications and maintain a good quality of life. The St Vincent Declaration and the Swedish National Guidelines for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus describe patient education in self-treatment as a prerequisite for the achievement of these goals. This survey aimed to evaluate the presence of structured patient education (in advance planned education), its organisation, staffing and goals, and the results in out-patient diabetes care in Sweden.A questionnaire consisting of 35 open and closed questions was mailed to 1250 diabetes educated nurses working in hospitals and primary health care in the entire country.Responses were received from 583 (47%) nurses. Structured diabetes patient education was performed by 486 nurses. It was usually organised by nurses and performed in co-operation with doctors (55%), dietitians (38%), chiropodists (36%), and social workers (9%). The sessions took place individually at pre-scheduled visits (80%), or as group education (26%). Fifty-one percent described explicit goals for the education, most commonly: general knowledge about diabetes, improved metabolic control and increased safety. The structured education was evaluated by 51% of which the HbA[1]c level at the next scheduled visit was the most frequently used evaluation method (44%), followed by home monitored blood glucose values (37%) and a structured evaluation form (17%). The goals had been achieved to a great or quite great extent by 67% of the responding nurses.To the extent that structured patient education takes place, nurses are usually responsible for its performance. It takes place individually as well as in groups. Many nurses lack evident goals for the education and sufficient evaluation methods.It was concluded that there is confusion about the content of structured education vs information activity.
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| 13. |
- Bergenfelz, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Impact of autofluorescence for detection of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy on postoperative parathyroid hormone levels: parallel multicentre randomized clinical trial
- 2023
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In: The British journal of surgery. - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 110:12, s. 1824-1833
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Techniques for autofluorescence have been introduced to visualize the parathyroid glands during surgery and to reduce hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy. METHODS: This parallel multicentre RCT investigated the use of Fluobeam® LX to visualize the parathyroid glands by autofluorescence during total thyroidectomy compared with no use. There was no restriction on the indication for surgery. Patients were randomized 1 : 1 and were blinded to the group allocation. The hypothesis was that autofluorescence enables identification and protection of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy. The primary endpoint was the rate of low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels the day after surgery. RESULTS: Some 535 patients were randomized, and 486 patients received an intervention according to the study protocol, 246 in the Fluobeam® LX group and 240 in the control group. Some 64 patients (26.0 per cent) in the Fluobeam® LX group and 77 (32.1 per cent) in the control group had low levels of PTH after thyroidectomy (P = 0.141; relative risk (RR) 0.81, 95 per cent c.i. 0.61 to 1.07). Subanalysis of 174 patients undergoing central lymph node clearance showed that 15 of 82 (18 per cent) in the Fluobeam® LX group and 31 of 92 (33 per cent) in the control group had low levels of PTH on postoperative day 1 (P = 0.021; RR 0.54, 0.31 to 0.93). More parathyroid glands were identified during operation in patients who had surgery with Fluobeam® LX, and fewer parathyroid glands in the surgical specimen on definitive histopathology. No specific harm related to the use of Fluobeam® LX was reported. CONCLUSION: The use of autofluorescence during thyroidectomy did not reduce the rate of low PTH levels on postoperative day 1 in the whole group of patients. It did, however, reduce the rate in a subgroup of patients.
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| 14. |
- Bobbio, Emanuele, et al.
(author)
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Diagnosis, management, and outcome of cardiac sarcoidosis and giant cell myocarditis: a Swedish single center experience.
- 2022
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In: BMC cardiovascular disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261. ; 22
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) and giant cell myocarditis (GCM) are rare diseases that share some similarities, but also display different clinical and histopathological features. We aimed to compare the demographics, clinical presentation, and outcome of patients diagnosed with CS or GCM.We compared the clinical data and outcome of all adult patients with CS (n=71) or GCM (n=21) diagnosed at our center between 1991 and 2020.The median (interquartile range) follow-up time for patients with CS and GCM was 33.5 [6.5-60.9] and 2.98 [0.6-40.9] months, respectively. In the entire cohort, heart failure (HF) was the most common presenting manifestation (31%), followed by ventricular arrhythmias (25%). At presentation, a left ventricular ejection fraction of<50% was found in 54% of the CS compared to 86% of the GCM patients (P=0.014), while corresponding proportions for right ventricular dysfunction were 24% and 52% (P=0.026), respectively. Advanced HF (NYHA≥IIIB) was less common in CS (31%) than in GCM (76%). CS patients displayed significantly lower circulating levels of natriuretic peptides (P<0.001) and troponins (P=0.014). Eighteen percent of patients with CS included in the survival analysis reached the composite endpoint of death or heart transplantation (HTx) compared to 68% of patients with GCM (P<0.001).GCM has a more fulminant clinical course than CS with severe biventricular failure, higher levels of circulating biomarkers and an increased need for HTx. The histopathologic diagnosis remained key determinant even after adjustment for markers of cardiac dysfunction.
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| 15. |
- Bokarewa, Maria, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Cystatin C binds serum amyloid A, downregulating its cytokine-generating properties
- 2007
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In: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X. ; 34:6, s. 1293-1301
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. To assess the interaction between cystatin C (CysC) and serum amyloid A protein (SAA). Methods. Levels of CysC and SAA and antibodies against these proteins were assessed in the paired blood and synovial fluid (SF) samples of 90 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Age and sex matched individuals having normal iohexol clearance (n = 90) and SF following joint trauma (n = 40) were used as controls. In vitro experiments included assessment of interaction between CysC and SAA by ELISA and the influence of CysC on SAA functions. Results. A pilot screening for cystatins C, E, and F in blood and SF of patients with RA found CysC to be by far the predominant extracellular cystatin. Circulating CysC levels were significantly lower in patients with RA compared to the matched controls (0.81 +/- 0.03 vs 1.01 +/- 0.03 mg/l; p = 0.05). These low CysC levels could not be explained by the presence of anti-CysC antibodies in patients with RA. In contrast, concentrations of CysC that accumulated in the inflamed SF were significantly greater in patients with erosive RA (1.66 +/- 0.08 mg/l) compared to nonerosive RA (1.36 +/- 0.06 mg/l; p = 0.003) and controls (1.18 +/- 0.03 mg/l; p = 0.043). In vitro studies showed direct binding of CysC to SAA. CysC/SAA binding impaired proinflammatory effects of SAA, reducing its ability to trigger expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion. Our study shows a relative deficiency of circulating CysC during systemic inflammation in RA. Physical interaction between CysC and the acute-phase protein SAA (1) provides an explanation for CysC deficiency; and (2) suggests that CysC is regulating inflammatory responses. We hypothesize that decreased systemic CysC levels predispose to accelerated atherosclerosis and development of amyloidosis in patients with RA.
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| 16. |
- Bremer, Anders, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Balancing Between Closeness and Distance : Emergency medical services personnel’s experiences of caring for families at out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and deaths
- 2012
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In: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 1049-023X .- 1945-1938. ; 27:1, s. 42-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a lethal health problem thataffects between 236,000 and 325,000 people in the United States each year. As resuscitationattempts are unsuccessful in 70-98% of OHCA cases, Emergency Medical Services(EMS) personnel often face the needs of bereaved family members.Problem: Decisions to continue or terminate resuscitation at OHCA are influenced byfactors other than patient clinical characteristics, such as EMS personnel’s knowledge,attitudes, and beliefs regarding family emotional preparedness. However, there is littleresearch exploring how EMS personnel care for bereaved family members, or how theyare affected by family dynamics and the emotional contexts. The aim of this study is toanalyze EMS personnel’s experiences of caring for families when patients suffer cardiacarrest and sudden death.Methods: The study is based on a hermeneutic lifeworld approach. Qualitative interviewswere conducted with 10 EMS personnel from an EMS agency in southern Sweden.Results: The EMS personnel interviewed felt responsible for both patient care and familycare, and sometimes failed to prioritize these responsibilities as a result of their ownperceptions, feelings and reactions. Moving from patient care to family care implied amovement from well-structured guidance to a situational response, where the personnelwere forced to balance between interpretive reasoning and a more direct emotionalresponse, at their own discretion. With such affective responses in decision-making, thepersonnel risked erroneous conclusions and care relationships with elements of dishonesty,misguided benevolence and false hopes. The ability to recognize and respond to people’sexistential questions and needs was essential. It was dependent on the EMS personnel’sbalance between closeness and distance, and on their courage in facing the emotionalexpressions of the families, as well as the personnel’s own vulnerability. The presence offamily members placed great demands on mobility (moving from patient care to familycare) in the decision-making process, invoking a need for ethical competence.Conclusion: Ethical caring competence is needed in the care of bereaved family membersto avoid additional suffering. Opportunities to reflect on these situations within a frameworkof care ethics, continuous moral education, and clinical ethics training are needed.Support in dealing with personal discomfort and clear guidelines on family support couldbenefit EMS personnel.Bremer A, Dahlberg K, Sandman
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| 17. |
- Bremer, Anders, 1957-, et al.
(author)
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Experiencing Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : Significant Others’ Lifeworld Perspective
- 2009
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In: Qualitative Health Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 19:10, s. 1407-1420
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When patients suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA), significant others find themselves with no choice about being there. Afterwards they are often left with unanswered questions about the life-threatening circumstances, or the patient’s death, the emergency treatment and future needs. When it is unclear how the care, and the event itself will affect significant others’ well being, prehospital emergency personnel face ethical decisions. This study describes the experiences of significant others present at OHCA, focusing on ethical aspects and values. Using a lifeworld phenomenological approach, seven significant others were interviewed. The essence of the phenomenon of OHCA can be stated as: Unreality in the reality; Overwhelming responsibility; Inadequacy and limitation; Hope and hopelessness; Ethical considerations; Insecurity about the future; Trembling of life. These study findings show how significant others’ sense of unreality, inadequacy, and overwhelming responsibility at OHCA can threaten values deemed important for a good life.
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| 18. |
- Bremer, Anders, 1957-
(author)
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När livet skakas om : patienters och närståendes erfarenheter av hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus
- 2008
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- I Europa vårdar ambulanspersonal årligen cirka 300 000 människor med hjärtstopp. Ungefär en av tio överlever. Tidigare forskning har inte i någon större utsträckning berört hur överlevande patienter och närstående mår efteråt eller vilka etiska aspekter och problem som möter ambulanspersonal i dessa situationer. Med hjälp av en reflekterande livsvärldsansats är syftet med denna licentiatavhandling att beskriva vad det innebär att överleva hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus respektive närvara vid en nära persons hjärtstopp. Med utgångspunkt i det empiriska resultatet är syftet att belysa och diskutera etiska aspekter och problem av betydelse för ambulanspersonals vårdande ur ett normativt perspektiv.Avhandlingens empiriska resultat visar hur ogripbart det är att drabbas av hjärtstopp och hur uppvaknandet ur medvetslösheten innebär vilsenhet och kontrollförlust genom den minneslucka som tillfogats. Att överleva innebär därför ett sökande efter sammanhang så att situationen kan ges mening och förklaring till tankar, känslor och upplevelser. Känslan av sammanhang nås via andra människors berättelser tillsammans med egna minnen. I det fortsatta livet finns existentiell rädsla och otrygghet där den egna identiteten och meningen i livet omvärderas i takt med en växande insikt om hur den egna kroppen påverkats av hjärtstoppet. Ibland upplevs kroppen som begränsad vilket skapar otrygghet och rädsla. I det fortsatta livet kan det finnas skuldkänslor för det inträffade likväl som att hjärtstoppet ses som en opåverkbar händelse. Men det finns även tacksamhet och glädje över välbefinnande och trygghet i ett förändrat liv där vardagliga sysslor ger tillvaron en viss stadga. Det passerade livshotet införlivas i ett liv där mänskliga relationer blivit än viktigare värden i ett gott liv.Närvaro vid en nära persons hjärtstopp omkullkastar känslan av kontroll. Allt upplevs overkligt, tiden tycks stanna upp och samtidigt är verkligheten extremt påtaglig. Förvåning övergår snabbt till ett kaos av tankar och känslor där panik, chock och fruktan griper tag. Verkligheten innebär ett överväldigande och ensamt ansvar där närstående känner sig otillräckliga. Väntan på professionell hjälp känns lång och det är en befriande känsla då ambulanspersonal anländer och övertar ansvaret. Samtidigt väcks hopp om att patienten ska överleva. För närstående är allt kaotiskt, ångestfyllt och omtumlande då de kastas mellan hopp och misströstan för att slutligen få ett overkligt och ogripbart besked om den nära personens överlevnad eller död. Livets grundvalar skakas om och uppmärksammar livets skörhet och att inget kan tas för givet. Efter händelsen finns obesvarade frågor och oro som riskerar att leda till ensamhet i sorg eller i en oro för den överlevandes framtid. Oavsett vilket, riskerar ensamheten att leda till uppoffring av egna och viktiga behov.I ett gott beslut balanseras etiska normer att rädda liv, rätten till värdig/god död, autonomiprincipen samt att göra gott och inte skada. Den övergripande normen vid hjärtstopp är att rädda liv. Att i det akuta skedet avgöra om patienten räddas till ett acceptabelt liv är svårt. Det empiriska resultatet ger dock stöd för att återupplivning bör göras vid behandlingsbara hjärtstopp samtidigt som resultatet visar hur svårt det är att dra en gräns för vad ett acceptabelt liv är. Undantagsvis är det goda beslutet att avstå från eller avbryta återupplivning, exempelvis vid förekomst av ett giltigt förhandsdirektiv. En värdig/god död är då det primära. Ett utökat etiskt ansvar för ambulanssjuksköterskor kan vara att de ges beslutsrätt för avbrytande av återupplivning. Ett annat ansvar handlar om möjligheten att främja ett gott liv för överlevande genom att efteråt bidra med kunskap som kan skapa förlorade sammanhang. Ansvaret för närstående kan innebära att meningslös återupplivning inte görs ”för deras skull” utan att deras behov möts på bättre sätt.
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| 19. |
- Bremer, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
To survive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest : a search for meaning and coherence
- 2009
-
In: Qualitative Health Research. - : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 19:3, s. 323-338
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The primary responsibility of prehospital emergency personnel at out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) is to provide lifesaving care. Ethical considerations, decisions, and actions should be based in the patient's beliefs about health and well-being. In this article, we describe patients' experiences of surviving OHCA. By using a phenomenological approach, we focus on how OHCA influences patients' well-being over time. Nine survivors were interviewed. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is described as a sudden and elusive threat, an awakening in perplexity, and the memory gap as a loss of coherence. Survival means a search for coherence with distressing and joyful understanding, as well as existential insecurity exposed by feelings of vulnerability. Well-being is found through a sense of coherence and meaning in life. The study findings show survivors' emotional needs and a potential for prehospital emergency personnel to support them as they try to make sense of what has happened to them.
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| 20. |
- Bremer, Anders, 1957-, et al.
(author)
-
To Survive Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : A Search for Meaning and Coherence
- 2009
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In: Qualitative Health Research. - Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. - 1049-7323 .- 1552-7557. ; 19:3, s. 323-338
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The primary responsibility of prehospital emergency personnel at out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) is to provide lifesaving care. Ethical considerations, decisions, and actions should be based in the patient’s beliefs about health and well-being. In this article, we describe patients’ experiences of surviving OHCA. By using a phenomenological approach, we focus on how OHCA influences patients’ well-being over time. Nine survivors were interviewed. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is described as a sudden and elusive threat, an awakening in perplexity, and the memory gap as a loss of coherence. Survival means a search for coherence with distressing and joyful understanding, as well as existential insecurity exposed by feelings of vulnerability. Well-being is found through a sense of coherence and meaning in life. The study findings show survivors’ emotional needs and a potential for prehospital emergency personnel to support them as they try to make sense of what has happened to them.
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| 21. |
- Bremer, Anders, 1957-
(author)
-
Vid existensens gräns : Etiskt vårdande och professionellt ansvar vid hjärtstopp utanför sjukhus
- 2012
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Aim: To describe and interpret patients’, family members’ and ambulance personnel’s experiences with regard to survival, attendance, and caring at cardiac arrests and deaths, and to analyze ethical conflicts that arise in relation to families and how the personnel’s ethical competence can affect caring and the ability to handle ethical problems.Method: The three interview studies were guided by a reflective lifeworld approach grounded in phenomenology and analyzed by searching for the essence of the phenomenon in two studies and by attaining a main interpretation in one study. In the fourth study, the general approach was supplemented by “reflective equilibrium” that guided the ethical analysis.Results: The survivors are striving towards a good life by means of efforts to reach meaning and coherence, facing existential fear and insecurity as well as gratitude and the joy of life. Family members lose everyday control through feelings of unreality, inadequacy and overwhelming responsibility. Ambulance personnel’s care mediates hope and despair until the announcement of survival or death. After the event, family members risk involuntary loneliness and anxiety about the future. For the ambulance personnel, caring for families involves a need for mobility in decision making, forcing the personnel to balance their own perceptions, feelings and reactions against interpretative reasoning. To base decision making on emotional reactions creates the risk of erroneous conclusions and a care relationship with elements of dishonesty, misdirected benevolence and false hopes. Identification with family members can promote recognition of and response to their existential needs, but also frustrate meeting family members emotions’ and handling one’s own vulnerability and inadequacy. It was found that futile cardiopulmonary resuscitation, administered to patients for the benefit of family members, is not an acceptable moral practice, due both to norms of not deliberately treating persons as mere means and to norms of taking care of families.Conclusions: Ethical conflicts exist when it comes to conveying realistic hope, relief from guilt, participation, responsibility for decision making, and fairness in the professional role. Ambulance personnel need support to enhance ethical caring competence and to deal with personal discomfort, as well as clear guidelines on family support.
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| 22. |
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Codex and Code : Aestethcis, Language and Politics in an Age of Digital Media, NORLIT 2009, Stockholm, August 6-9, 2009
- 2010
-
Editorial collection (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The conference Codex and Code: Aesthetics, Language and Politics in an Age of Digital Media (NorLit 2009)was held at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, August 6–9, 2009. The conference was organized by the Nordic Association for Comparative Literature (NorLit); the Department of Culture and Communication, Linköping University; the School of Computer Science and Communication, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH); the Department of Comparative Literature, Stockholm University; the Department of Culture and Communication, Södertörn University College; and the Department of Comparative Literature, Uppsala University. The aim of the conference was to develop the study of Comparative Literature through Nordic collaboration both in its own discipline and in Modern Language and Cultural studies. As the title for the conference suggests, the principal question for the conference was the challenge that the study of literature encounters in an age of digitalization and globalization. It was our aim to encourage discussion of how literary studies respond to the ongoing changes in media and technology, politics and economy. Many have argued that the Humanities currently are in a state of crisis. We believe that the discipline seldom has found itself in such an interesting and fruitful historical moment. Several of these questions have surfaced during earlier media system changes, in particular during Romanticism and Modernism, which provided the conference with an historical frame. The conference Codex and Code also addressed questions of authenticity and originality, identity and gender, literary genres and reading practices, media and materiality, culture and popular culture, language and history, world literature, work aesthetics, translations, and canon formation. The conference Codex and Code wanted to stimulate interdisciplinary scholarly research of the literary in a broad sense. The conference was open to scholars in Comparative Literature and in Classical and Modern Languages, Aesthetics, Media and Communication studies, Film and Theatre studies, Philosophy and adjacent disciplines. The conference was organized around a number of thematic sessions in which researchers and scholars presented and discussed papers. The conference has received generous financial support from the Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation, Magnus Bergwall foundation, Granholms foundation, Linköping University, School of Computer Science and Communication, Royal Institute of Technology, Svenska litteratursällskapet; the Swedish Academy, Swedish Science Council, and Vitterhetsakademien.
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| 23. |
-
Codex and Code: Aestethcis, Language and Politics in an Age of Digital Media : NORLIT 2009, Stockholm, August 6-9, 2009
- 2010
-
Editorial proceedings (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the conference was to develop the study of Comparative Literature through Nordic collaboration both in its own discipline and in Modern Language and Cultural studies. As the title for the conference suggests, the principal question for the conference was the challenge that the study of literature encounters in an age of digitalization and globalization. It was our aim to encourage discussion of how literary studies respond to the ongoing changes in media and technology, politics and economy. Many have argued that the Humanities currently are in a state of crisis. We believe that the discipline seldom has found itself in such an interesting and fruitful historical moment. Several of these questions have surfaced duringearlier media system changes, in particular during Romanticism and Modernism, which provided the conference with an historical frame. The conference Codex and Code also addressed questions of authenticity and originality, identity and gender, literary genres and reading practices, media and materiality, culture and popular culture, language and history, world literature, work aesthetics, translations, and canon formation.
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| 24. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
786 svampar på 2015 års rödlista
- 2015
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In: Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift. - 1653-0357. ; 36, s. 91-97-
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- A new Swedish Red List was published April 28th 2015 by the Swedish Species Information Centre in which 786 species of fungi are listed. Compared to the previous Red List published in 2010, 11 species have been down-listed, 51 species have been added and 35 species have changed names or taxonomic rank, thus the list has increased by 41. The changes are mainly due to increased knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution, not to changes in the sta-tus of the species. Here, the members of the Species Specialist Group for Fungi 2011 – 2015 summarize the results of the red listing.
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| 25. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(author)
-
A fungal perspective on conservation biology
- 2015
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In: Conservation Biology. - : Wiley. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 29, s. 61-68
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hitherto fungi have rarely been considered in conservation biology, but this is changing as the field moves from addressing single species issues to an integrative ecosystem-based approach. The current emphasis on biodiversity as a provider of ecosystem services throws the spotlight on the vast diversity of fungi, their crucial roles in terrestrial ecosystems, and the benefits of considering fungi in concert with animals and plants. We reviewed the role of fungi in ecosystems and composed an overview of the current state of conservation of fungi. There are 5 areas in which fungi can be readily integrated into conservation: as providers of habitats and processes important for other organisms; as indicators of desired or undesired trends in ecosystem functioning; as indicators of habitats of conservation value; as providers of powerful links between human societies and the natural world because of their value as food, medicine, and biotechnological tools; and as sources of novel tools and approaches for conservation of megadiverse organism groups. We hope conservation professionals will value the potential of fungi, engage mycologists in their work, and appreciate the crucial role of fungi in nature. Una Perspectiva Micotica de la Biologia de la ConservacionResumen Hasta el momento, los hongos rara vez han sido considerados dentro de la Biologia de la Conservacion, pero esto esta cambiando conforme la disciplina cambia su enfoque en problemas de especies individuales hacia una estrategia integrada basada en los ecosistemas. El enfasis actual en la biodiversidad como proveedor de servicios ambientales enfoca la atencion en la amplia diversidad de hongos, sus papeles cruciales en los ecosistemas terrestres y los beneficios de considerar a los hongos en sintonia con las plantas y los animales. Revisamos el papel de los hongos en los ecosistemas y elaboramos un resumen del estado actual de su conservacion. Hay cinco areas en las cuales los hongos pueden integrarse inmediatamente en la conservacion: como proveedores de habitats y procesos importantes para otros organismos; como indicadores de tendencias deseadas o indeseadas en el funcionamiento del ecosistema; como indicadores de habitats con valor de conservacion; como proveedores de enlaces fuertes entre las sociedades humanas y el mundo natural debido a sus valores como alimento, medicinas y herramientas biotecnologicas; y como una fuente de herramientas y estrategias novedosas para la conservacion de grupos megadiversos de organismos. Esperamos que los profesionales de la conservacion valoren el potencial de los hongos, integren a los micologos en su trabajo y aprecien el papel crucial de los hongos en la naturaleza.
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| 26. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(author)
-
Applying IUCN red-listing criteria for assessing and reporting on the conservation status of fungal species
- 2011
-
In: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 4, s. 147-162
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With its strict criteria, required documentation and coverage of all groups of multicellular organisms, the red-listing system of IUCN is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. The aim of red-listing sensu IUCN is to evaluate the risk of extinction of a species using a comparable, revisable, transparent and objective assessment method. The evaluation estimates the potential change in the species' population size over time, aiming to infer extinction risk. Both extremely rare species and more common ones experiencing ongoing decline may be at risk of extinction. Red-listing is an assessment of conservation status, directing awareness and providing a scientific basis for management and decision-making. The IUCN criteria were originally designed for global assessments. However, they can be, and are, commonly applied at the national or regional level. This paper summarizes the basic aspects and usefulness of red-listing in a mycological context, and suggests methods for fungal red-listing that are applicable to most fungal groups, even with limited information on the species being considered. The suggested methods are based on the accumulated experience of national fungal red-listing throughout the world, coupled with recently published research on fungal diversity, distributions, and population biology. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(author)
-
Conservation of fungi
- 2018
-
In: State of the Worlds Fungi 2018. ; , s. 70-77
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 29. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Den nya rödlistan har 746 svampar
- 2010
-
In: Svensk mykologisk tidskrift. - 1653-0357. ; 31:2, s. 37-47
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The new Red List that was recently presented by the Swedish Species Information Centre (Gärdenfors 2010) includes 746 species of fungi considered to be threatened. Compared to the previous Red List published in 2005, 36 species have been down-listed whereas 150 species have been added, thus the list has increased by 114. The changes are above all due to increased knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution. In the present paper members of the Species Specialist Group for Fungi 2006-2010 summarize the background and results of the red-listing process and present the habitats in which the red-listed species occur.
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| 30. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Den nya Rödlistan har 746 svampar
- 2010
-
In: Svensk mykologisk tidskrift. - 0280-5057. ; 31, s. 37-47
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Den 28 april i år presenterade ArtDatabanken en ny rödlista och med den en reviderad och upp-daterad lista över hotade svampar i Sverige (Gärdenfors 2010). Det är den femte rödlistan för svampar som tagits fram sedan 1990, eller den sjätte om man räknar med listan över hotade svampar i skog från 1984 (tab. 1). Nu är 746 svamparter rödlistade. Antalet rödlistade arter har gradvis ökat sedan de första listorna. I jämförelse med den senaste från 2005 (632 arter) har 36 arter avförts och 150 arter tillkommit (fig. 1). Förändringarna är framförallt en följd av förbättrat kunskapsläge om arternas taxonomi, ekologi, förekomst och utbredning i landet och beror alltså inte på förändringar av det verkliga tillståndet för arterna. Inte minst har alla observationer och ekologiska uppgifter som SMF:s medlemmar under årens lopp bidragit med varit ytterst värdefulla. Vi sammanfattar här resultatet och presenterar i vilka miljöer de rödlistade arterna finns, lite om vilka åtgärder som behövs för att förbättra deras situation samt vad rödlistning innebär och hur arbetet att ta fram rödlistan har gått till.
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| 31. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(author)
-
Developing a comprehensive strategy for fungal conservation in Europe: current status and future needs
- 2010
-
In: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 3, s. 50-64
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We review the state of fungal conservation in Europe. Despite a large public interest in fungi, they are often insufficiently considered in the conservation initiatives of most countries and not adequately heeded in international biodiversity agreements. We attribute this to the generally low profile of fungi among conservation stakeholders and decision makers together with limited efforts of mycological scientists to put mycological knowledge into a conservation context. Recent advances in mycological knowledge, taxonomy, distribution, ecology and threats now categorically enable fungi to be included within national and European conservation agendas. 33 European countries have produced fungal Red-Lists reporting the status of macrofungi and these are official in 20 countries. These lists indicate that at least 10% of European larger fungi are threatened, mainly due to changing land use and nitrogen deposition. Fungal biodiversity may benefit from many general conservation efforts, but many specific fungus values are also overlooked. We advocate increased interaction between scientists and conservation coordinators and practitioners, greater promotion of fungi and their conservation and ecosystem service values by mycologists, the production of a European fungal Red-List and the need to integrate fungi with animals and plants in conservation issues. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(author)
-
Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the North American Arctic
- 2012
-
In: Ecosphere. - 2150-8925. ; 3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) form symbioses with a few plant species that comprise a large fraction of the arctic vegetation. Despite their importance, the identity, abundance and distribution of EMF in the Arctic, as well as the key drivers controlling their community composition are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the diversity and structure of EMF communities across a bioclimatic gradient spanning much of the North American Arctic. We collected roots from two principal arctic ectomycorrhizal host plants, Salix arctica and Dryas integrifolia, typically growing intermingled, at 23 locations stratified across the five bioclimatic subzones of the Arctic. DNA was extracted from ectomycorrhizal root tips and the ITS region was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. A total of 242 fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were documented, with 203 OTUs belonging to the Basidiomycota and 39 to the Ascomycota, exceeding the number of previously morphologically described EMF in the Arctic. EMF communities were dominated by a few common and species-rich families such as Thelephoraceae, Inocybaceae, Sebacinaceae, Cortinariaceae, and Pyronemataceae. Both host plants showed similar species richness, with 176 OTUs on Salix arctica and 154 OTUs on Dryas integrifolia. Host plant identity did not affect EMF community composition. The ten most abundant OTUs had a wide geographic distribution throughout the Arctic, and were also found in boreal, temperate and Mediterranean regions, where they were associated with a variety of hosts. Species richness did not decline with increasing latitude. However, EMF community structure changed gradually across the bioclimatic gradient with the greatest similarity between neighboring bioclimatic subzones and locations. EMF community structure was correlated with environmental factors at a regional scale, corresponding to a complex of glaciation history, geology, soil properties, plant productivity and climate. This is the first large-scale study of EMF communities across all five bioclimatic subzones of the North American Arctic, accompanied by an extensive set of environmental factors analyzed to date. While our study provides baseline data to assess shifts of plant and fungi distribution in response to climate change, it also suggests that with ongoing climate warming, EMF community composition may be affected by northward shifts of some taxa.Read More: http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES12-00217.1
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| 33. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Effects of ecological continuity on species richness and composition in forests and woodlands: A review
- 2014
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In: Écoscience. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1195-6860 .- 2376-7626. ; 21, s. 34-45
-
Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Forests and woodlands with a long, uninterrupted presence (continuity) are often associated with high biodiversity and many habitat specialist species. But the mechanisms by which, and the scales in time and space at which, populations are dependent on continuity remain debated. We examine the spatial and temporal scales at which occurrences of plants, fungi, and invertebrates are affected by continuity and consider whether they are restricted by time for colonization (continuity per se) or by habitat formation times. We give improved definitions of landscape and local levels of continuity anti evaluate the empirical literature with respect to these. By critically examining the reported effects of continuity on the occurrence of species in forests and woodlands, we explore the mechanisms behind the patterns at local and landscape scales. We conclude that many species are dispersal-limited in the current fragmented landscapes and occur mainly in landscapes with surplus continuity, meaning that the availability of habitats was greater in the past than it is currently. Our review indicates that local continuity per se is important at least for many forest herbs and for certain species of epiphytic lichens, insects, and land snails, but to a lesser extent for fungi. Several studies show that landscape-level continuity affects the current occurrence of species, in particular for vascular plants, but also for particular lichen, bryophyte, and invertebrate species. For continuity-dependent species, a successful conservation strategy should include both extending the period of habitat duration in relict patches and promoting habitat formation in the immediate surroundings of potential source patches. Conservation strategies need to acknowledge the continuity dependence of many species. Research on how to shorten habitat formation times by forest restoration is an urgent priority.
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| 34. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(author)
-
Hyggesfritt eller kalhyggesbruk? : en flerbottnad diskussion
- 2017
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In: Biodiverse. - 1401-5064. ; 22, s. 20-21
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Skogens olika värden uppmärksammas alltmer. Det är inte längre bara timmer- och massaproduktion som är i blickfånget utan även biologisk mångfald, biobränsle, renskötsel, rekreation och friluftsliv och ekosystemtjänster. Debatten om det bästa sättet att bruka och sköta skogen har stundtals varit hård. Nu växer insikten om att olika skötselmetoder an komplettera varandra för att förverkliga olika mål.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Dahlberg, Anna-Karin, et al.
(author)
-
Anthropogenic and naturally produced brominated substances in Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) from two sites in the Baltic Sea
- 2016
-
In: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 144, s. 2408-2414
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the eutrophicated Baltic Sea, several naturally produced hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been found in marine biota. OH-PBDEs are toxic to adult and developing zebrafish and shown to be potent disruptors of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Disturbed OXPHOS can result in altered energy metabolism and weight loss. In herring, the concentration of OH-PBDEs (i.e. 2'-OH-BDE68 and 6-OH-BDE47) has increased during the period 1980-2010 in the Baltic Proper. Over the same time period, the condition and fat content in Baltic herring have decreased. Given the toxicity and increasing trends of OH-PBDEs in Baltic herring it is important to further assess the exposure to OH-PBDEs in Baltic herring. In this study, the concentrations of OH-PBDEs and related brominated substances i.e. polybrominated phenols (PBPs), polybrominated anisoles (PBAs), methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in herring sampled in the northern Baltic Proper (Asko, n = 12) and the southern Bothnian Sea (Angskarsklubb, n = 12). The geometric mean (GM) concentrations (ng/g l.w.) at Asko and Angskarsklubb were; Sigma(2)PBPs: 4.3 and 9.6, Sigma 2PBAs: 34 and 20, Sigma 6OH-PBDEs: 9.4 and 10, Sigma 7MeO-PBDEs: 42 and 150, Sigma 6PBDEs: 54 and 27, respectively. 6-OH-BDE47 dominated the OH-PBDE profile and comprised 87% (Asko) and 91% (Angskarsklubb) of the Sigma OH-PBDEs. At Angskarsklubb the mean concentration of Sigma MeO-PBDEs (150 ng/g l.w.) was 15 times higher than Sigma OH-PBDEs. As other fish species are known to metabolically transform MeO-PBDEs to OH-PBDEs, high levels of MeO-PBDEs can be of concern as a precursor for more toxic OH-PBDEs in herring and their roe.
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| 37. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Modelled impact of Norway spruce logging residue extraction on biodiversity in Sweden
- 2011
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In: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 41, s. 1220-1232
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Logging residues are increasingly being extracted for bioenergy purposes. This study estimates how extraction of fine woody debris (FWD) may affect the overall habitat availability for 577 species of wood-and bark-inhabiting basidiomycetes, beetles, and lichens in Sweden using Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) as their primary substrate. We combined modeling of (i) the amount of various types of woody debris available throughout a forest rotation in managed forests with (ii) a classification of each species' associations with different types of wood. In three different regions, we compared a scenario with no logging residue extraction with three different levels of extraction. Our results suggest that the extraction may cause a 35%-45% reduction in aboveground FWD and a more than 20% decline in the potential amount of substrate for about 50% of the species (affecting basidiomycetes and beetles more than lichens). The intensified forestry during the last century has, however, steadily increased the production of FWD. Furthermore, no red-listed species is primarily associated with logging residues of Norway spruce. Therefore, the current situation in Sweden with extraction of 70% of Norway spruce FWD on 50% of the clearcuts probably constitutes a minor contribution to the regional extinction risks.
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| 38. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Multi AP concepts for SCO traffic in a Bluetooth based Radio Infrastructure Network
- 2002
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we consider a radio infrastructure network (RIN), which consists of Bluetooth Access Points (APs) to provide services to ad hoc users. The RIN inherently supports both voice and data connectivity. Since Bluetooth offers the establishment of Synchronous Circuit-Oriented (SCO) traffic, the concept under study features a low-cost alternative to indoor cellular base stations. However, a single AP can serve a maximum of only three SCO channels and may not be capable of satisfying the voice traffic demands in hot spots. In order to offer more bandwidth in a location with high voice traffic, two or more APs may be placed in the same coverage area. Respective AP clusters will be denoted as Multi APs. Three Multi AP concepts for doing the SCO allocation are presented and discussed. Our findings show that employing Multi APs significantly reduces the blocking probability.
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| 39. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Multi AP Strategies for SCO Traffic in a Bluetooth based Wireless LAN
- 2003
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We consider a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) consisting of Bluetooth Access Points (APs). Thus, it inherently offers both ad-hoc voice and data connectivity. As Bluetooth supports Synchronous Circuit-Oriented (SCO) traffic, the concept under study features a low-cost alternative to indoor cellular base stations. Due to the limitation of only three available SCO channels per AP, several APs can be placed in the same coverage area to satisfy voice traffic demands in hot spots. Such AP clusters will be denoted as Multi AP. Three Multi AP strategies for handling the SCO allocation are presented and discussed in terms of signaling and mean time to connect. Our findings show that employing Multi APs significantly reduces the blocking probability. A simple dimensioning rule for the number of APs is given.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(author)
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New Data on Cortinarius funga (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Altaiskiy nature reserve and Gorno-Altaysk area (SW Siberia, Russia)
- 2019
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In: Mikologiâ i fitopatologiâ. - 0026-3648. ; 53, s. 325-341
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During an expedition in 2018 to Teletskoye Lake, Altaiskiy Nature Reserve and Gorno-Altaysk area (Altay Republic), 49 Cortinarius species were collected and documented, including ITS DNA sequencing of 32 samples. A total of 29 telamonioid species, 3 dermocyboid species, 6 anomaloid species, 6 phlegmacioid species, 3 myxacioid species and 2 species from other groups were found, of which 32 species are new to Altay and 14 species new to Russia. The Cortinarius funga of the Pinus – Betula – Abies forests of Altay is apparently very similar to that of boreal North Europe, and indicates a remarkable uniformity of the taiga from Scandinavia to western Siberia, with respect to fungal communities. Cortinarius privignipallens coll., C. subheterocyclus, C. nodosisporus appeared to be rare Eurasian species. A few undescribed species were also recorded, but since belonging to species complexes, they need further studies. Most of Cortinarius species (33) were found in Pinus sylvestris (Betula) mossy delta forests on sand/pebbles, whereas 9 species were found in the Pinus sibirica – Abies sibirica – Betula mixed tall herb slope forests. A few species were also found in the Alnus viridis subsp. fructicosa – Salix viminalis (Betula) riparian delta forest (3 taxa). Altogether 13 species were recorded in the calciphilous semi-open, partly grazed Betula pendula woodland around Gorno-Altaysk.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Dahlberg, Anders
(author)
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Reintroduction of threatened fungal species via inoculation
- 2016
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In: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 203, s. 120-124
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reintroduction of locally extinct species is increasingly applied as a conservation tool for re-establishing species within their historical ranges. Thus far, this option has however not been investigated for fungi other than lichens. A large fraction of wood-inhabiting fungal species have declined because of forest loss and fragmentation, in addition to a decrease in dead wood. Here, we show the results from an experiment carried out in southern Finland, which demonstrates that inoculation is an effective method for reintroducing threatened wood-inhabiting fungi. All selected red-listed fungal species successfully established in the inoculated logs as mycelia, and three out of the seven produced fruit-bodies. Success rate was greater when the strains were inoculated in early-decay logs, including species that usually fruit in late decay stages. Inoculation can provide an effective tool for reintroducing fungal species, as the source populations remain intact and it is possible to produce massive amounts of inoculation-units with relatively low cost. Reintroductions of fungi should however be preceded by a risk assessment of the species to be reintroduced, by using source populations from nearby localities, and they should be considered complementary to the primary target of increasing the amount of their habitat. Our results suggest that the reintroduction of threatened fungi via inoculation in combination with other conservation measures can have important bearings for forest conservation and restoration. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Svampar – Fungi
- 2010
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In: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2010 – The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. - 9789188506351 ; , s. 231-246
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 48. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Svampar Fungi
- 2020
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In: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2020. - 9789187853548 ; , s. 67-88
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 49. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Svampar Fungi
- 2015
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In: Rödlistade arter i Sverige 2015. - 9789187853104 ; , s. 53-71
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 50. |
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