| 1. |
- Dahlgren, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Trophic transfer of naturally produced brominated aromatic compounds in a Baltic Sea food chain
- 2016
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 144, s. 1597-1604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brominated aromatic compounds (BACs) are widely distributed in the marine environment. Some of these compounds are highly toxic, such as certain hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs). In addition to anthropogenic emissions through use of BACs as e.g. flame retardants, BACs are natural products formed by marine organisms such as algae, sponges, and cyanobacteria. Little is known of the transfer of BACs from natural producers and further up in the trophic food chain. In this study it was observed that total sum of methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) and OH-PBDEs increased in concentration from the filamentous red alga Ceramium tenuicorne, via Gammarus sp. and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to perch (Perca fluviatilis). The MeO-PBDEs, which were expected to bioaccumulate, increased in concentration accordingly up to perch, where the levels suddenly dropped dramatically. The opposite pattern was observed for OH-PBDEs, where the concentration exhibited a general trend of decline up the food web, but increased in perch, indicating metabolic demethylation of MeO-PBDEs. Debromination was also indicated to occur when progressing through the food chain resulting in high levels of tetra-brominated MeO-PBDE and OH-PBDE congeners in fish, while some penta- and hexa-brominated congeners were observed to be the dominant products in the alga. As it has been shown that OH-PBDEs are potent disruptors of oxidative phosphorylation and that mixtures of different congener may act synergistically in terms of this toxic mode of action, the high levels of OH-PBDEs detected in perch in this study warrants further investigation into potential effects of these compounds on Baltic wildlife, and monitoring of their levels.
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| 2. |
- Betten, Åsa, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Oxygen radical-induced natural killer cell dysfunction: role of myeloperoxidase and regulation by serotonin
- 2004
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Ingår i: J Leukoc Biol. ; 75:6, s. 1111-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural killer (NK) cells are functionally suppressed and induced to apoptosis by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). These inhibitory events are reversed by the biogenic amine serotonin. MPs generate hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), which is processed further by myeloperoxidase (MPO) to even more toxic compounds. Earlier studies suggest that serotonin scavenges MP-derived oxygen radicals generated by the MPO-H(2)O(2) system. These findings led us to explore the capability of MPO-deficient MPs to induce NK cell dysfunction. We show that MPs recovered from subjects with MPO deficiency trigger inhibition of NK cells. In addition, MPs recovered from healthy subjects conveyed suppression of NK cells in the presence of the MPO inhibitor ceruloplasmin. We conclude that ROS-dependent inhibition of NK cell function is unrestricted by the availability of MPO-derived oxygen radicals and that the protecting properties of serotonin may operate in the absence of functional MPO. Our data suggest a complex mechanism of MP-induced NK cell inhibition, which comprises the generation of interchangeable oxygen radicals.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota, 2015
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups – heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants have been examined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and in guillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overall trends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the same sites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trend in both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increases in condition factor seen in cod liver at Fladen, perch muscle at Kvädöfjärden, and for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. Also, an increase in fat content was seen during the most recent ten years for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. There were also some sites where no log linear trends were seen.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not mercury) in 2004, values between 2003 and 2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ACES, Stockholm University.Generally, higher mercury concentrations are found in the Bothnian Bay, but also from one station in the Northern parts of Baltic Proper, compared to other parts of the Swedish coastline. The time series show varying concentrations over the study period. The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southern Bothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. On the other hand, increasing concentrations are seen in e.g., cod muscle, but the concentrations are fairly low compared to measured concentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. In most cases, the mercury concentrations are above the EQSbiota of 20 ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length), supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. The highest concentrations are seen in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. Elevated lead concentrations between 2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see above regarding change in analysis methods). Lead concentrations are below the suggested target level at all stations.Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It is worth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium, generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series. Cadmium concentrations in herring and perch are all below the suggested target level of 160 μg/kg wet weight.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series begin with two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and may give a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing concentrations, possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper and zinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.Generally higher concentrations of arsenic and silver are found along the west coast compared to other parts of the Sweadish coast line. However for silver a few stations in the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay show comparable concentrations to the west coast stations.Chlorinated CompoundsGenerally, a decreasing concentrations were observed for all compounds (DDT’s, PCB’s, HCH’s, HCB) in all species examined, with a few exceptions, such as no change in TCDD-equivalents being seen in herring muscle (except at Änskärsklubb where very high concentrations at the beginning of the sampling period were seen and also at the west coast station Fladen). The longer time-series in guillemot also show a marked decrease in TCDD-equivalents from the start in the late 1960s until about 1985 from where no change occurred for many years, however, during the most recent ten years a decrease in the concentration is seen. Concentrations of DDE and CB-118 are for some species and sites still above their respective target levels.The chlorinated compounds generally show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Sea and/or Baltic Proper when compared to the Bothnian Bay and the Swedish west coast.Brominated Flame RetardantsElevated levels of HBCDD are seen in sites from the Baltic Proper, while the investigated PBDEs show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Bay. In addition, lower concentrations of all investigated PBDEs and HBCDD are seen on the Swedish west coast compared to the east coast. Temporally, significant increases in BDE-47, -99 and -100 have been seen in guillemot eggs since the late 1960s until the early 1990s, where concentrations then began to show decreases. Also, the concentration of HBCDD in guillemot eggs shows a decrease during the most recent ten years. For fish and blue mussels, BDE-47, -99, and -153 decreased at some sites and showed no trend at other sites. The concentration of HBCDD in fish and blue mussels showed inconsistent trends. The concentration of HBCDD is below the EQSbiota of 167 μg/kg wet weight for all fish species from all areas, while the concentration of BDE-47 alone is above the EQSbiota for sumPBDE of 0.0085 ng/g wet weight.PAHsOnly blue mussels have been examined for spatial differences in PAH concentrations. Concentration of ΣPAH was found to be higher from Kvädöfjärden in the Baltic Proper compared to stations at the West coast, but individual PAHs showed varying spatial patterns. Over time, acenaphthalene was rarely found above the detection limit. Significant decreasing trends were observed for ΣPAH, chrysene, fluoranthene and pyrene at Fjällbacka; for naphthalene at Kvädöfjärden; and for pyrene at Fladen.All time series where concentrations of various PAHs were compared with the target value based on OSPAR Ecological Assessment Criteria, or EC Environmental Quality Standards were below the target value.PFASsPFHxS and PFOS show a similar spatial pattern, but PFOS concentrations were approximately 25 times higher than PFHxS levels. The distribution of PFOS is quite homogenous along the Swedish coast but with somewhat higher concentrations in the Baltic Proper. PFOS concentrations in guillemot eggs are about 100-200 times higher than in herring liver. An overall increasing concentration of PFOS in guillemot eggs has been observed throughout the whole time period, however, during the most recent ten years, a change of direction is detected. The longer herring time series from Harufjärden, Landsort, and Utlängan show increasing concentrations for PFOS and most carboxylates. For FOSA, on the other hand, decreasing concentrations are seen during the most recent ten years.Organotin compoundsThe majority of the analysed tinorganic compounds showed concentrations below LOQ. However TBT and DPhT showed concentrations above LOQ at all stations with highest reported concentrations in fish from Örefjärden in the northern part of Bothnian Sea.
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| 5. |
- Björklund, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing a speech-to-text pipeline on the MICO platform
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- MICO is an open-source platform for cross-media analysis, querying, and recommendation. It is the major outcome of the European research project Media in Context, and has been contributed to by academic and industrial partners from Germany, Austria, Sweden, Italy, and the UK. A central idea is to group sets of related media objects into multimodal content items, and to process and store these as logical units. The platform is designed to be easy to extend and adapt, and this makes it a useful building block for a diverse set of multimedia applications. To promote the platform and demonstrate its potential, we describe our work on a Kaldi-based speech-recognition pipeline.
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| 6. |
- Boalt, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium, lead, and mercury concentrations in whole-fish, liver, and muscle of herring (Clupea harengus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis)
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Monitoring of metal concentrations in fish is commonly conducted using samples of fish liver or muscle. This becomes problematic when these values are used for environmental status evaluations regarding chemical pollution, as many of the thresholds evaluating environmental status are designed to evaluate concentrations in whole-fish.In this study, concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in herring and perch are compared between liver, muscle, and whole-fish. The aim is to create conversion factors that can be used to convert metal concentrations between tissues and organs.Mercury and cadmium were detected in all analyzed organs and tissues, whereas lead concentrations were below the level of quantification for most muscle and liver samples. In general, there was a strong relationship between liver and muscle concentrations and concentrations in whole-fish, indicating that creation of conversion factors between tissues and organs is suitable.The resulting conversion factor between whole-fish and liver concentrations for cadmium was 0.1 and 0.16 for herring and perch, respectively. The conversion factor between whole-fish and liver concentrations for mercury was 0.52 and 1.66 for herring and perch, respectively, while for whole-fish and muscle concentrations for mercury, the conversion factor was 0.86 and 0.74 for herring and perch. As there was no significant relationship between liver and whole-fish concentrations for lead, a conversion is not appropriate. Conversion factors levels differed significantly between herring and perch, indicating that species-specific conversion factors are necessary.
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| 7. |
- Bohlin, Inka, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting bilberry and cowberry yields using airborne laser scanning and other auxiliary data combined with National Forest Inventory field plot data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 502
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing availability of wall-to-wall remote sensing datasets in combination with accurate field data enables the mapping of different ecosystem services more accurately and over larger areas than before. The provision of wild berries is an essential ecosystem service, and berries are the most used non-wood forest products in Nordic countries. The aim of the study was to 1) develop general prediction models for bilberry and cowberry yield based on metrics derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data and other existing wall-to-wall data and 2) to identify laser-based structural features of forests that can be linked to locations of the highest berry yields. We used the indirect approach where the correlation between forest structure described by the ALS data and the berry yields are utilized. Berry data collected in the Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI) 2007–2016 were used for training the models and ALS data from 2009 to 2014 from the national ALS campaign of Sweden. Berry yields were modelled using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs), and forest structural differences were demonstrated in histograms of presence/absence data. The ALS-based canopy cover was an important variable both in bilberry and cowberry models. Other significant variables were ALS-based height variance, shrub cover, height above sea level, slope, soil wetness and terrain ruggedness, satellite-based species-specific volume and percentage, seasonality of temperature and precipitation and annual precipitation, inventory year, soil type and land use class. In addition, the time difference between the inventory day and the Julian day when berries were expected to be ripe showed a 1.5% decrease for bilberry and a 1.1% decrease for cowberry yield per day during the season. The highest bilberry yield was identified in forests with a canopy cover of 50% and the highest cowberry yield in forests with a canopy cover close to zero. The canopy height of 15 m reflected the highest bilberry yield, whereas a canopy height close to 0 m resulted in the highest cowberry yield. The shrub cover was close to zero both with highest bilberry and cowberry yields. This is the first study combining ALS metrics with other wall-to-wall variables and NFI field data to model bilberry and cowberry yields. Prediction models can be used to produce maps showing the most potential locations for berry picking. Further, the models may, in the future, be imported into forest planning systems to obtain stand-level prognoses of berry yield development under different forest management strategies.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bylund, Johan, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Cytochalasin B triggers a novel pertussis toxin sensitive pathway in TNF-alpha primed neutrophils
- 2004
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Ingår i: BMC cell biology. - 1471-2121. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cytochalasin B does not directly activate the oxygen-radical-producing NADPH oxidase activity of neutrophils but transfers desensitized G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) into an active signaling state by uncoupling GCPR from the cytoskeleton. The receptor uncoupling results in respiratory burst activity when signals generated by reactivated formyl peptide receptors trigger the NADPH-oxidase to produce superoxide anions. RESULTS: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) primes neutrophils for subsequent activation by cytochalasin B. Pretreatment with TNF-alpha induced mobilization of receptor-storing neutrophil organelles, suggesting that receptor up-regulation significantly contributes to the response, but the receptor mobilization was not sufficient for induction of the cytochalasin B sensitive state. The TNF-alpha primed state resembled that of the desensitized non-signaling state of agonist-occupied neutrophil formyl peptide receptors. The fact that the TNF-alpha primed, cytochalasin B-triggered activation process was pertussis toxin sensitive suggests that the activation process involves a GPCR. Based on desensitization experiments the unidentified receptor was found to be distinct from the C5a receptor as well as the formyl peptide receptor family members FPR and FPRL1. Based on the fact the occupied and desensitized receptors for interleukin-8 and platelet activating factor could not be reactivated by cytochalasin B, also these could be excluded as receptor candidates involved in the TNF-alpha primed state. CONCLUSIONS: The TNF-alpha-induced priming signals could possibly trigger a release of an endogenous GPCR-agonist, amplifying the response to the receptor-uncoupling effect of cytochalasin B. However, no such substance could be found, suggesting that TNF-alpha can transfer G-protein coupled receptors to a signaling state independently of agonist binding.
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| 10. |
- Dahlgren, Angelica, et al.
(författare)
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Do Alcohol-dependent individuals with DRD2 A1 allele have an increased risk of relapse? A pilot study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 46:5, s. 509-513
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The TaqIA polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene has been extensively studied in relation to alcoholism, and the TaqI A1 allele appears to be over-represented in alcohol-dependent individuals. In a recent study, this allele has also been associated with a highly increased mortality rate in alcohol-dependent individuals. In the present study, we investigated whether the TaqI A1 allele of the DRD2 gene region was associated with a higher relapse rate in alcohol-dependent individuals. Methods: Adult women (n = 10) and men (n = 40) with a diagnosis of alcohol-dependence were recruited from two Swedish 12-step treatment units for alcoholism. Subjects were genotyped for the TaqIA polymorphism. On average, 11/2 year after the end of the treatment program, subjects were re-interviewed by using the alcohol-related items from the Addiction Severity Index follow-up version. Results: Thirty-three (66%) subjects self-reported relapse and 17 (34%) abstinence during the follow-up period. Thirty-sex percent (18/50) were carriers of the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene region, and 64% (32/50) were non-carriers. Among the carriers of the A1 allele, 89% (16/18) reported relapse in contrast to 53% (17/32) in the non-carriers (P = 0.01; odds ratio = 7.1). Conclusion: The present study is, to our knowledge, the first report of an association between the TaqI A1 allele and a substantially increased relapse rate. It should be emphasized that the number of subjects is relatively small, and this investigation should therefore be considered as a pilot study. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Dahlgren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av metodik för åldersbestämningav sill och strömming
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resultaten från två olika metoder för åldersbestämning av fisk mha otoliter respektive fjällöverensstämmer väl. I 84 % av fallen skiljer sig den uppskattade åldern mellan de tvåmetoderna inte mer än ett år. Skillnaderna i åldersbestämningen mellan de två metoderna blirtydligare då fiskens ålder överstiger sex år. Ju äldre fisk desto lägre ålder skattas frånbedömning av fjäll. En slutsats som dras från den här studien är att fördelarna medåldersbestämning från fjäll överväger eventuella problem som uppmärksammats vidbestämning av ålder på äldre individer.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Frisk, U., et al.
(författare)
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The Odin satellite - I. Radiometer design and test
- 2003
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402:3, s. L27-L34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sub-millimetre and Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) is the main instrument on the Swedish, Canadian, Finnish and French spacecraft Odin. It consists of a 1.1 metre diameter telescope with four tuneable heterodyne receivers covering the ranges 486-504 GHz and 541-581 GHz, and one fixed at 118.75 GHz together with backends that provide spectral resolution from 150 kHz to 1 MHz. This Letter describes the Odin radiometer, its operation and performance with the data processing and calibration described in Paper II.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gustavsson, Martin G. H., et al.
(författare)
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Revenue Management for Electric Road Systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proc. EVS32.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric Road Systems (ERS) is a technology area that has the potential to significantly reduce fossil fuel dependency, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce air pollution, reduce noise in urban environments, and increase energy efficiency in the transport sector. ERS deployed in commercial operation will need to charge for the use of infrastructure, electric energy and potentially other services. An ERS revenue management solution need to handle use cases with multiple actors, roles and commercial relationships. In addition, the future revenue management solutions should be interoperable and independent of business models in order to flexibly meet the needs of new situations for emerging ERS.
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| 17. |
- Hellstrand, Kristoffer, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Alleviating oxidative stress in cancer immunotherapy: a role for histamine?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England). - 1357-0560. ; 17:4, s. 258-69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin-2 is a remarkable activator of lymphocytes with anti-neoplastic properties such as T-cells or natural killer cells, but tumor regression only rarely occurs in interleukin-2-treated cancer patients. In this review, we focus on interactions between monocytes/macrophages and T-cells/natural killer-cells, and in particular the role of such interactions for the outcome of cancer immunotherapy with interleukin-2. We propose that interleukin-2 therapy should be supplemented with compounds that alleviate toxicity inflicted by monocyte/macrophage-derived reactive oxygen metabolites within and around tumors. The hypothesis is founded on data demonstrating that (i) functions of intratumoral lymphocytes in many human malignant tumors are inhibited by reactive oxygen metabolites, generated by neighboring monocytes/macrophages, (ii) interleukin-2 only weakly activates T-cells or natural killer cells in an environment of oxidative stress, and (iii) inhibitors of the formation of reactive oxygen metabolites or scavengers of reactive oxygen metabolites synergize with interleukin-2 to activate these lymphocyte subsets. We also review the preclinical background to the use of histamine dihydrochloride, an inhibitor of reactive oxygen metabolite formation in monocytes/macrophages, as a supplement to cancer immunotherapy with interleukin-2.
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| 18. |
- Holdfeldt, André, et al.
(författare)
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The lipidated peptidomimetic Lau-[(S)-Aoc]-(Lys-βNphe)6-NH2 is a novel formyl peptide receptor 2 agonist that activates both human and mouse neutrophil NADPH-oxidase.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of biological chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 291, s. 19888-19899
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutrophils expressing formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) play key roles in host defense, immune regulation, and in resolution of inflammation. Consequently, the search for FPR2-specific modulators has attracted much attention due to its therapeutic potential. Earlier described agonists for this receptor display potent activity for the human receptor (FPR2) but low activity for the mouse receptor orthologue (Fpr2), rendering them inapplicable in murine models of human disease. Here we describe a novel FPR2 agonist, the proteolytically stable α-peptide/β-peptoid hybrid Lau-[(S)-Aoc]-(Lys-βNphe)6-NH2 (F2M2), showing comparable potency in activating human and mouse neutrophils by inducing a rise in intracellular calcium and assembly of the superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase. The FPR2/Fpr2 agonist contains a headgroup of 2-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc) residue acylated with lauric acid (C12 fatty acid), which is linked to a peptide/peptoid repeat (Lys-βNphe)6-NH2). Both the fatty acid moiety and the (S)-Aoc residue were required for FPR2/Fpr2 activation. This type of proteolytically stable FPR2-specific peptidomimetics may serve as valuable tools for future analysis of FPR2 signaling as well as for development of prophylactic immunomodulatory therapy. This novel class of cross-species FPR2/Fpr2 agonists should enable translation of results obtained with mouse neutrophils (and disease models) into enhanced understanding of human inflammatory and immune diseases.
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| 19. |
- Jones, Douglas, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-isotope approach to evaluate the potential of great cormorant eggs for contaminant monitoring
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contaminant monitoring in biota is important for determining environmental status and to detect or prioritize action on hazardous substances. Predators higher up a food chain are often used for monitoring of contaminants that bioaccumulate. However, it is not always possible to find higher predators that are both abundant and have a wide distribution for national or international contaminant monitoring. Great cormorants (Phalocrocorax carbo) are a widespread and increasingly common top predator of fish in fresh, brackish and salt water. We evaluate the suitability of great cormorant eggs as a matrix for contaminant monitoring by using stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. Despite the fact that cormorants are migratory, egg isotope values showed a significant separation between five breeding colonies in Sweden (1 fresh water lake, 3 Baltic sites and 1 marine site). This high degree of separation indicates that eggs are primarily produced using local resources (not stored body resources) and that contaminants (mercury concentrations in this study) measured in eggs likely reflect levels in fish prey caught close to the breeding area. Compound specific stable isotope analysis was used to estimate cormorant trophic position (TP) and concentrations of mercury in eggs were positively related to TP. The results show that a multi-isotope approach, combined with good ecological diet knowledge allow for meaningful and comparative interpretation of mercury concentrations in biota and that great cormorant eggs appear a suitable matrix to measure locally derived and maternally transferred contaminants.
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| 20. |
- Kronstrand, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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A Cluster of Deaths Involving 5-(2-Aminopropyl)Indole(5-IT)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Toxicology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy F. - 0146-4760 .- 1945-2403. ; 37:8, s. 542-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During 2012, the designer drug 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole emerged in Sweden, and became available at different web sites under the name 5-IT or 5-API. This compound is an indole derivative and a positional isomer of alpha-methyltryptamine. In this paper, we report the pathology and toxicology from 15 deaths involving 5-IT. Routine postmortem toxicology was performed in femoral blood, using a targeted screening for pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse with liquid chromatography time-of-flight technology, and positive results were quantified using chromatographic techniques. For 5-IT, a new method was developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. In 11 cases, intoxication was the cause of death. Two cases were signed out as causa ignota, and they were considered to be natural deaths. All determinations of 5-IT were performed in femoral blood and the concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 18.6 mg/g. Two cases had 5-IT as the only drug identified, while the others presented with other psychotropic drugs or medications in the blood as well. Shortly after this series of deaths, 5-IT was scheduled as a hazardous substance according to the regulation Certain Goods Dangerous to Health on 18 September 2012 prohibiting the handling and selling of the drug. Since then, no positive cases have been found.
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| 21. |
- Kullenberg, Fredrik
(författare)
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Anthracyclines : Toxicity and chemotherapy-induced mucositis
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anthracyclines belong to a class of cytostatic compounds that are commonly used to treat various types of cancers, including lymphoma, breast cancer and primary liver cancer. The aim of this thesis was to study how two anthracyclines, doxorubicin and idarubicin, induced cytotoxicity in tumor cells, as well as their off-target effect on the gastrointestinal system. In Paper I, we exposed four different cancer cell lines to various concentrations of doxorubicin in two different formulations, and measured the cell viability and how much doxorubicin was taken up by the cells. We found that the cell lines differed in their uptake and sensitivity, and that the most resistant cell line had an intracellular exposure of doxorubicin that was about 100 times lower when compared to the more sensitive cell lines. To study the off-target gastrointestinal toxicity, we dosed rats with doxorubicin and studied how chemotherapy-induced mucositis developed during seven days in Paper II. The main effect parameter was intestinal villus atrophy, which was most severe after three days. This was preceded by an increased cell death and decreased proliferation in the crypts, which occurred within the first day after doxorubicin exposure. To study how different cytostatic drugs affected chemotherapy-induced mucositis, and to what extent they caused diarrhea, rats were dosed with one of six different chemotherapies, including doxorubicin and idarubicin, in Paper III. All selected chemotherapies caused similar villus atrophy three days after dosing, but only a third, including idarubicin, caused clear diarrhea. In paper IV the objective was to treat or prevent idarubicin-induced mucositis and diarrhea, by using the anti-inflammatory drugs anakinra and/or dexamethasone. Anakinra alone stopped the diarrhea, while the combination of anakinra and dexamethasone prevented villus atrophy. These positive effects encourage further investigations into the use of anakinra and dexamethasone as supportive therapies for chemotherapy-induced mucositis and diarrhea.The overall long-term impact of the different studies in this thesis is to increase the specific anti-tumoral effect of chemotherapies, while also alleviating the adverse effects. This would improve quality-of-life and treatment outcomes of cancer patients.
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| 22. |
- Larson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Putting ’fika’ at the top of the agenda – Research and industrial opportunities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Presented at Stockholm Gastronomy Conference, Tore Wretman Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, November 23-25, 2023. - Stockholm.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Fika’, the Swedish definition of a causal break, the coffee or tea with pastries and the inclusive meeting point for friends, relatives, colleagues, or business partners signify a central part of everyday life in Sweden. Fika takes many different forms – most of us have fika multiple times a day. The practice of doing fika reaches well beyond the food and beverage consumption that may be what comes first to mind. Relationships are formed, personal and business decisions are made, all in the context of a relaxed atmosphere – the basic intention with fika.The idea of fika has reached beyond the Swedish borders. It has become an increasingly known cultural concept in other countries. Therefore, fika is often used by Swedish companies not only to consider the positive work atmosphere but also in their branding efforts. Fika is also used in destination marketing to attract tourists. We can therefore talk about fika from a social, tourism, and business point of view, and the culinary aspects seem almost endless. Yet there is surprisingly little about fika from a research point of view. We believe that fika has a vast potential to create more positive values and industrial opportunities than it currently does but to achieve that we need more knowledge about fika.How can research facilitate industrial opportunities? This question sets the agenda for what we want to explore. How does interdisciplinary research enhance knowledge of fika in such a way that it can lead to positive spin-offs for the industry? A consortium of researchers from different fields, together with representatives from the industry, are currently aiming to explore these questions.
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| 23. |
- Larsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
-
Molecular oxygen in the rho Ophiuchi cloud
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Astronomy & Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 466:3, s. 5-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Molecular oxygen, O2, has been expected historically to be an abundant component of the chemical species in molecular clouds and, as such, an important coolant of the dense interstellar medium. However, a number of attempts from both ground and from space have failed to detect O2 emission.Aims: The work described here uses heterodyne spectroscopy from space to search for molecular oxygen in the interstellar medium. Methods: The Odin satellite carries a 1.1 m sub-millimeter dish and a dedicated 119 GHz receiver for the ground state line of O2. Starting in 2002, the star forming molecular cloud core ρ Oph A was observed with Odin for 34 days during several observing runs.Results: We detect a spectral line at v_LSR =+3.5 km s-1 with Δ v_FWHM=1.5 km s-1, parameters which are also common to other species associated with ρ Oph A. This feature is identified as the O2 (NJ = 11 - 1_0) transition at 118 750.343 MHz.Conclusions: The abundance of molecular oxygen, relative to H{2} , is 5 × 10-8 averaged over the Odin beam. This abundance is consistently lower than previously reported upper limits.Based on observations with Odin, a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes) and Centre National d'Étude Spatiale (CNES). The Swedish Space Corporation has been the industrial prime contractor and also is operating the satellite. Appendix A is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Nilsonne, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
-
”Sluta betala för att få publicera forskning”
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2023-03-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vetenskapliga tidskrifter som gömmer sina forskningsresultat bakom betalväggar har spelat ut sin roll. Nu har vi chansen att få 500 miljoner mer till forskning – bara genom att säga nej till tidskrifterna, skriver debattörer.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Nyberg, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
-
Monitoring of POPs in human milk from Stockholm and Gothenburg, 1972-2015 : Updated version – 2017-09-01
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dr. Koidu Norén, vid Karolinska Institutet, initierade övervakning av human hälsa i Sverige när hon började samla in och analysera organiska föroreningar i modersmjölk från Stockholmsområdet redan 1967. Sedan 1972 har de prover som samlats in lagrats frusna för retrospektiv analys av miljöföroreningar. År 1997 överfördes denna mjölksamling till miljöprovbanken vid Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm som då även tog över ansvaret för insamlingen i Stockholmsområdet, via Modersmjölkcentralen på Södersjukhuset. Modersmjölk har även samlats in i Göteborg sedan 2007 via Modersmjölkcentralen/Arbets- och miljömedicinska institutionen på Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset.I denna rapport sammanfattas den nationella övervakning av modersmjölk med avseende på persistenta organiska miljögifter, som utförts sedan 1972 från Stockholm och Göteborg och som finansierats av Naturvårdsverket. Syftet med studien kan sammanfattas enligt följande: • Undersöka halter av klorerade ämnen (PCBer, DDTer, HCHer, HCB, dioxiner och furaner), bromerade flamskyddsmedel (PBDEer, HBCDD och DBE-DBCH) samt perfluorerade ämnen (PFASs) i modersmjölk från Stockholm och Göteborg.• Utvärdera långsiktiga tidstrender i Stockholm (1972-2014) och Göteborg (2007-2015).• Undersöka skillnader i mönster av samansättningen av de övervakade ämnena mellan Stockholm och Göteborg. • Undersöka om variationen på individnivå gällande PFASs skiljer sig mellan Stockholm och Göteborg 2012. Fetthalt Modersmjölk från Stockholm uppvisade generellt en uppåtgående trend i fetthalt under hela övervakningsperioden (1972-2014), även om en nedåtgående trend observerades under den senaste tioårsperioden. En förändring av analysmetod 2011 kan emellertid ha påverkat utvecklingen under den senaste tioårsperioden. En ökning i fetthalt indikerades i modersmjölk från Göteborg (2007-2015). Fetthalten var något högre i modersmjölk från Göteborg 2015 jämfört med modermjölk från Stockholm 2014 (4.0 respektive 3.4 %). Fetthalter som rapporterats i andra studier är ligger i nivå med de fetthalter som rapporterats i denna studie.PCBer Halterna av samtliga kongener som uppmätts, d.v.s. CB-180, CB-153, CB-138 och CB-118 minskade över tid (7-11 % per år) i modersmjölk från både Stockholm och Göteborg, med undantag för CB-28 för vilken ingen trend kunde detekteras. De minskande halterna över tid stämmer väl överens med temporala trender som rapporterats i modersmjölk från Uppsala (7 % per år) (1996-2012) samt i japansk modersmjölk (7.5 % per år). Koncentrationerna av de uppmätta kongenerna var jämförbara mellan Stockholm och Göteborg och låg även på liknande nivåer som i modersmjölk från Uppsala. I jämförelse med andra europeiska länder var koncentrationerna av CB-153 (som är den kongenern som generellt sett förekommer i 8högst halter i modersmjölk) lägre än i övriga Europa. Inga signifikanta skillnader detekterades gällande PCB-kongenermönster mellan Stockholm och Göteborg.DDTer, HCHer och HCB Koncentrationerna av DDE, DDT och HCB i modersmjölk från Stockholm (1972-2014) minskade över hela övervakningsperioden (7-11 % per år) vilket även halterna av DDE och DDT i modersmjölk från Göteborg (2007-2015) gjort under den senaste tioårsperioden (7 och 12 % per år). Tidstrender för DDE i modersmjölk från Uppsala (1996-2012) och Japan uppvisar minskande halter i samma storleksordning (7.4 och 9.1 % per år). Även halterna av HCB i modersmjölk från Uppsala minskar (5.9 % per år). Koncentrationerna av DDE, DDT samt β-HCH var något högre i Stockholm än i Göteborg, medan HCB halterna var något högre i modersmjölk från Göteborg. Koncentrationerna av DDE, HCB och β-HCH låg i nivå med koncentrationer uppmätta i modersmjölk från Uppsala, men låg i det lägre spannet av koncentrationer rapporterade från andra europeiska länder. Ingen signifikant skillnad i mönster observerades för DDE-, DDT-, HCB- och β-HCH i modersmjölk mellan Stockholm och Göteborg. PCDDer/PCDFer och dl-PCBer Koncentrationerna av ΣPCDDer, ΣPCDFer, Σdl-PCBer och ΣPCDDer + PCDFer + dl-PCBer i modersmjölk från Stockholm (1972-2014) och Göteborg (2007-2015) minskade sett över hela övervakningsperioden (5.6-6.5 % per år). Under den senaste tioårsperioden har dock inga signifikanta minskningar observerats i modersmjölk från Stockholm. En tänkbar förklaring till detta skulle kunna vara att det skett ett byte i analyslaboratorium 2012 vilket kan ha påverkat möjligheten att upptäcka trender. Halterna i modersmjölk från Uppsala (1996-2012) minskade i samma storleksordning som i Stockholm och Göteborg sett över hela tidsperioden. Koncentrationerna av ΣPCDDer, ΣPCDFer, Σdl-PCBer och ΣPCDDer + PCDFer + dl-PCBer var jämförbara mellan Stockholm och Göteborg och även jämförbara med koncentrationer uppmätta i modersmjölk från Uppsala. I jämförelse med andra europeiska länder låg de i det lägre spannet. Ingen signifikant skillnad i mönster observerades för ΣPCDDer, ΣPCDFer, Σdl-PCBer mellan Stockholm och Göteborg. PBDEer och HBCDD Koncentrationerna av BDE-47, BDE-99 och BDE-100 i modersmjölk från Göteborg minskade 2007-2015 (18-21 % per år). I kontrast till detta observerades inga signifikanta log-linjära tidstrender i modersmjölk från Stockholm, varken över hela tidsperioden eller under den senaste tioårsperioden. Dock var koncentrationerna av BDE-47, BDE-99 och BDE-100 i de två proven från 2013 (Stockholm) avsevärt högre än koncentrationerna omkringliggande år vilket påverkar möjligheten att upptäcka trender under den senaste tioårsperioden. Bytet av analyslaboratorium 2010 kan också ha påverkat möjligheten att detektera trender. Den minskning av BDE koncentrationer som rapporterats i modersmjölk från Göteborg i denna studie är i samma storleksordning som den förändring som rapporterats i modersmjölk från Uppsala (1996-2012) (5-10 % per år). Koncentrationerna av samtliga bromerade flamskyddsmedel rapporterade här (d.v.s. BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153 och HBCDD) var högre i Stockholm än i Göteborg. Koncentrationer uppmätta i modersmjölk från Uppsala var högre än i Göteborg men lägre än i Stockholm, med undantag för HBCDD där halterna i Uppsalamjölken även var högre än i Stockholmsmjölken. I jämförelse med andra europeiska länder låg halterna av BDE-47 i Stockholmsmjölken i jämförbar nivå, medan HBCDD halterna i modersmjölk från både Stockholm och Göteborg låg lägre. Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad i mönstret för BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153 och HBCDD mellan Stockholm och Göteborg. 9PFAS Koncentrationerna av PFDA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFTriDA och PFUDA i modersmjölk från Stockholm ökade signifikant under hela övervakningsperioden (1972-2014), medan PFOA-koncentrationerna minskade. Koncentrationen av PFNA och PFDA ökade även i blodprover från ammande kvinnor i Uppsala (1996-2010). I modersmjölk från Göteborg upptäcktes signifikanta nedåtgående trender (2007-2015) för PFDoDA, PFHxS och PFOA, och det var även fallet för PFOS i Stockholm under den senaste tioårsperioden. Inga generella skillnader i koncentration observerades mellan Stockholm and Göteborg. I jämförelse med modersmjölk från andra länder över hela världen var halterna av PFOS och PFOA jämförbara, men i det lägre spannet, vilket även var fallet i jämförelse med koncentrationer i modersmjölk från Uppsala (2004). Ingen signifikant skillnad i mönster observerades för PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, PFUDA och PFTriDA mellan Stockholm och Göteborg. Den individuella variationen 2012 var störst för PFTeDA i modersmjölk från både Stockholm och Göteborg. PFOA, PFUA och PFNA uppvisade den lägsta individuella variationen. FOSA uppvisade en signifikant skillnad i individuell variation mellan modersmjölk från Stockholm och Göteborg, vilket skulle kunna indikera en skillnad i kontaminering. Dock uppmättes det ingen signifikant skillnad för kvarvarande PFAS.
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| 28. |
- Nydén, Agneta, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Adults with Asperger syndrome with and without a cognitive profile associated with “non-verbal learning disability.” A brief report
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1750-9467. ; 4:4, s. 612-618
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asperger syndrome (AS) and non-verbal learning disability (NLD) are both characterized by impairments in motor coordination, visuo-perceptual abilities, pragmatics and comprehension of language and social understanding. NLD is also defined as a learning disorder affecting functions in the right cerebral hemisphere. The present study investigates if individuals with AS and a cognitive profile consistent with NLD (i.e. verbal IQ > performance IQ) would also have other problems inherent in NLD, visual memory and attention, reading/writing ability and arithmetic in the presence of preserved verbal memory and attention. Forty-four individuals with AS were assessed with a battery of neuropsychological tests. Reading/writing and arithmetic abilities were investigated. Education and global social adaptive levels were studied. Very few AS participants, even though with NLD cognitive profile showed problems with any of the neurocognitive abilities or academic achievements. However, all had poor global social adaptive functioning and few had paid employment, regardless of their cognitive profile. The present study suggests that AS and NLD are two different conditions even though some individuals in both groups have the verbal IQ > performance IQ profile that has been proposed to be typical of both AS and NLD.
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| 29. |
- Pellmé, Sara, 1975, et al.
(författare)
-
Localization of human neutrophil interleukin-8 (CXCL-8) to organelle(s) distinct from the classical granules and secretory vesicles
- 2006
-
Ingår i: J Leukoc Biol. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). ; 79, s. 564-573
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mature human neutrophils contain small amounts of interleukin-8 [CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL-8)], which upon proinflammatory activation, increases significantly. It has been suggested that the CXCL-8 content of resting human neutrophils is stored in the secretory vesicles. Here, we have used a fractionation technique, which allows isolation of these vesicles, and we find that CXCL-8 neither colocalizes with the secretory vesicles nor with markers of any of the classical neutrophil granules. To increase resolution in the system, we induced CXCL-8 production by lipopolysaccharide. After 8 h of stimulation, CXCL-8 was visualized within the cell using immunoelectron microscopy. The images revealed CXCL-8-containing stuctures resembling neutrophil granules, and these were distinct from all known neutrophil organelles, as shown by double immunostaining. Further, the CXCL-8 organelle was present in nonstimulated neutrophil cytoplasts, entities lacking all other known granules and secretory vesicles. Upon fractionation of the cytoplasts, CXCL-8 was found to partly cofractionate with calnexin, a marker for endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Thus, part of CXCL-8 may be localized to the ER or ER-like structures in the neutrophil.
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| 30. |
- Skovbakke, Sarah Line, et al.
(författare)
-
Combining Elements from Two Antagonists of Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Generates More Potent Peptidomimetic Antagonists.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of medicinal chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-4804 .- 0022-2623. ; 60:16, s. 6991-6997
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural optimization of a peptidomimetic antagonist of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) was explored by an approach involving combination of elements from the two most potent FPR2 antagonists described: a Rhodamine B-conjugated 10-residue gelsonin-derived peptide (i.e., PBP10, RhB-QRLFQVKGRR-OH) and the palmitoylated α-peptide/β-peptoid hybrid Pam-(Lys-βNspe)6-NH2. This generated an array of hybrid compounds from which a new subclass of receptor-selective antagonists was identified. The most potent representatives displayed activity in the low nanomolar range. The resulting stable and potent FPR2-selective antagonists (i.e., RhB-(Lys-βNphe)n-NH2; n = 4-6) are expected to become valuable tools in further elucidation of the physiological role of FPR2 in health and disease.
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| 31. |
- Skovbakke, Sarah Line, et al.
(författare)
-
The peptidomimetic Lau-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2 antagonizes formyl peptide receptor 2 expressed in mouse neutrophils.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Biochemical pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2968 .- 0006-2952. ; 119, s. 56-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formyl peptide receptor (FPR) gene family has a complex evolutionary history and comprises eight murine members but only three human representatives. To enable translation of results obtained in mouse models of human diseases, more comprehensive knowledge of the pharmacological similarities/differences between the human and murine FPR family members is required. Compared to FPR1 and FPR2 expressed by human neutrophils, very little is known about agonist/antagonist recognition patterns for their murine orthologues, but now we have identified two potent and selective formylated peptide agonists (fMIFL and PSMα2) for Fpr1 and Fpr2, respectively. These peptides were used to determine the inhibition profile of a set of antagonists with known specificities for the two FPRs in relation to the corresponding murine receptors. Some of the most potent and selective antagonists for the human receptors proved to be devoid of effect on their murine orthologues as determined by their inability to inhibit superoxide release from murine neutrophils upon stimulation with receptor-specific agonists. The Boc-FLFLF peptide was found to be a selective antagonist for Fpr1, whereas the lipidated peptidomimetic Lau-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2 and the hexapeptide WRW4 were identified as Fpr2-selective antagonists.
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| 32. |
- Skovbakke, Sarah Line, et al.
(författare)
-
The proteolytically stable peptidomimetic Pam-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2 selectively inhibits human neutrophil activation via formyl peptide receptor 2.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Biochemical pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2968 .- 0006-2952. ; 93:2, s. 182-195
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immunomodulatory host defense peptides (HDPs) are considered to be lead compounds for novel anti-sepsis and anti-inflammatory agents. However, development of drugs based on HDPs has been hampered by problems with toxicity and low bioavailability due to in vivo proteolysis. Here, a subclass of proteolytically stable HDP mimics consisting of lipidated α-peptide/β-peptoid oligomers was investigated for their effect on neutrophil function. The most promising compound, Pam-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2, was shown to inhibit formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonist-induced neutrophil granule mobilization and release of reactive oxygen species. The potency of Pam-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2 was comparable to that of PBP10, the most potent FPR2-selective inhibitor known. The immunomodulatory effects of structural analogs of Pam-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2 emphasized the importance of both the lipid and peptidomimetic parts. By using imaging flow cytometry in primary neutrophils and FPR-transfected cell lines, we found that a fluorescently labeled analog of Pam-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2 interacted selectively with FPR2. Furthermore, the interaction between Pam-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2 and FPR2 was found to prevent binding of the FPR2-specific activating peptide agonist Cy5-WKYMWM, while the binding of an FPR1-selective agonist was not inhibited. To our knowledge, Pam-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2 is the first HDP mimic found to inhibit activation of human neutrophils via direct interaction with FPR2. Hence, we consider Pam-(Lys-βNSpe)6-NH2 to be a convenient tool in the further dissection of the role of FPR2 in inflammation and homeostasis as well as for investigation of the importance of neutrophil stimulation in anti-infective therapy involving HDPs.
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| 33. |
- Stenberg, Henrik
(författare)
-
Att bli konstnär : Om identitet, subjektivitet och konstnärskap i det senmoderna samhället
- 2002
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation explore young peoples will to become artists. A group of artstudents have been interviewed and severel questions are raised. How do the students perceive their artistry and their role as artists? In what way is artistic creation meaningful to them? What does the relationship between the individual project of becoming an artist and their societal participation look like? As artists they examine different phenomena subjectively and they sometimes exceed personal and social boundaries. What may this look like and how may it be understod? In order to understand and interpret the art students’ work and reasons to become artists sociologically, I use Anthony Giddens analysis of the late-modern society and and the late-modern identity. Giddens creates a sociological understanding of the individual in society rather than an understanding of specific social groups. An understanding, which is well suited to highlight, the frequently individual life projects, created by the art students. However, Giddens theory is broad and opens for critisism. The art students, give their views of society and of themselves, which are not always in agreement with Giddens’ theory and therefore create different thoughts about the late-modern identity. When I develop Giddens’ theory, it is through an interaction between Giddens, the artstudents and other theories, between which I create a dialogue about identity, the exceedeing of social boundaries and the role of subjecticity in the late modern society.
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| 34. |
- Thomassen Hestetun, Jon, et al.
(författare)
-
Significant taxon sampling gaps in DNA databases limit the operational use of marine macrofauna metabarcoding
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Marine Biodiversity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-1616 .- 1867-1624. ; 50
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Significant effort is spent on monitoring of benthic ecosystems through government funding or indirectly as a cost of business, and metabarcoding of environmental DNA samples has been suggested as a possible complement or alternative to current morphological methods to assess biodiversity. In metabarcoding, a public sequence database is typically used to match barcodes to species identity, but these databases are naturally incomplete. The North Sea oil and gas industry conducts large-scale environmental monitoring programs in one of the most heavily sampled marine areas worldwide and could therefore be consid- ered a “best-case scenario” for macrofaunal metabarcoding. As a test case, we investigated the database coverage of two common metabarcoding markers, mitochondrial COI and the ribosomal rRNA 18S gene, for a complete list of 1802 macrofauna taxa reported from the North Sea monitoring region IV. For COI, species level barcode coverage was 50.4% in GenBank and 42.4% for public sequences in BOLD. For 18S, species level coverage was 36.4% in GenBank and 27.1% in SILVA. To see whether rare species were underrepresented, we investigated the most commonly reported species as a separate dataset but found only minor coverage increases. We conclude that compared to global figures, barcode coverage is high for this area, but that a significant effort remains to fill barcode databases to levels that would make metabarcoding operational as a taxonomic tool, including for the most common macrofaunal taxa.
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| 35. |
- Ågren, Henrik, 1968-
(författare)
-
Tidigmodern tid : Den sociala tidens roll i fyra lokalsamhällen 1650-1730
- 1998
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation examines how time-reckoning was used in Swedish courts in the early modem period. The theoretical foundation is that the need for people to coordinate in time becomes more important the larger and more complicated the social context is. Therefore, it is more important that one part in a communication is clear in its indication of time the less the other part shares its everyday life. A time-indication is formed by the situation of both sender and receiver, within the context of a society's system of measuring time.During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, contacts between local communities and central state institutions intensified through the state's increasing demands of influence over local authorities.Thereby, a situation arose in which it became more important for ordinary courts to be careful in theirrecord keeping with, among other things, time-reckoning. Terms for time are also formed by the context in which they are reckoned. As life is different in different types of local communities, there are also differences in the use of time in different courts. Therefore, the empirical study is a comparison of the Lagunda district court, the Uppsala city courts, and the Sala mining court, circa 1650 and circa 1730. Lagunda represents a rural environment, while Uppsala represents a preindustrial urban area. Sala silver mine is included in the study as an industrial environment. Also, the city courts of Sala have been studied to gain perspective on the comparison between Uppsala and Sala silver mine.The results show that both the chronological differences and differences in areas of investigation were important. During the 1730's, all courts were considerably more careful in time-reckoning than they had been in the 1650's. Also, the similarities between the areas were greater, which must be seen as a result of the fact that time-reckoning primarily was made for the sake of the central institution towhich the records were to be sent. The more interactive the state, the greater the precision of courtrecords and uniformity of local communities. The time-indications used are thus more a reflection ofthe need for understanding in communication between separate institutions than of organisation in thelocal community.The manifest differences between the areas are that while time in Lagunda and at Sala silver mine in different ways reflected the areas' economic foundation, time-reckoning in the towns was of a more varied nature. The results for the towns of Sala and Uppsala are more similar than those of the townof Sala and Sala silver mine, although the selection of people was practically the same at the mine andin the town. This indicates that the environment and the type of court played a greater role in deter-mining which results we obtain, than did the people's own concept of time. However, there were somesimilarities between the town of Sala and the silver mine. Therefore, one cannot rule out that the results also reflect peoples' relation to time, irrespective of the situation they are in.
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