| 1. |
- Aboagye, Emmanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Individual preferences for physical exercise as secondary prevention for non-specific low back pain : a discrete choice experiment
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library science. - 1932-6203. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exercise is effective in improving non-specific low back pain (LBP). Certain components of physical exercise, such as the type, intensity and frequency of exercise, are likely to influence participation among working adults with non-specific LBP, but the value and relative importance of these components remain unknown. The study's aim was to examine such specific components and their influence on individual preferences for exercise for secondary prevention of non-specific LBP among working adults. Methods: In a discrete choice experiment, working individuals with non-specific LBP answered a webbased questionnaire. Each respondent was given ten pairs of hypothetical exercise programs and asked to choose one option from each pair. The choices comprised six attributes of exercise (i.e., type of training, design, intensity, frequency, proximity and incentives), each with either three or four levels. A conditional logit regression that reflected the random utility model was used to analyze the responses. Results: The final study population consisted of 112 participants. The participants' preferred exercise option was aerobic (i.e., cardiovascular) rather than strength training, group exercise with trainer supervision, rather than individual or unsupervised exercise. They also preferred high intensity exercise performed at least once or twice per week. The most popular types of incentive were exercise during working hours and a wellness allowance rather than coupons for sports goods. The results show that the relative value of some attribute levels differed between young adults (age <= 44 years) and older adults (age <= 45 years) in terms of the level of trainer supervision required, exercise intensity, travel time to exercise location and financial incentives. For active study participants, exercise frequency (i.e., twice per week, 1.15; CI: 0.25; 2.06) influenced choice of exercise. For individuals with more than one child, travel time (i.e., 20 minutes, - 0.55; CI: 0.65; 3.26) was also an influential attribute for choice of exercise, showing that people with children at home preferred to exercise close to home. Conclusions: This study adds to our knowledge about what types of exercise working adults with back pain are most likely to participate in. The exercise should be a cardiovascular type of training carried out in a group with trainer supervision. It should also be of high intensity and preferably performed twice per week during working hours. Coupons for sports goods do not appear to motivate physical activity among workers with LBP. The findings of the study could have a substantial impact on the planning and development of exercise provision and promotion strategies to improve non-specific LBP. Providers and employers may be able to improve participation in exercise programs for adults with non-specific LBP by focusing on the exercise components which are the most attractive. This in turn would improve satisfaction and adherence to exercise interventions aimed at preventing recurrent non-specific LBP.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota, 2015
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups – heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants have been examined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and in guillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overall trends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the same sites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trend in both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increases in condition factor seen in cod liver at Fladen, perch muscle at Kvädöfjärden, and for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. Also, an increase in fat content was seen during the most recent ten years for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. There were also some sites where no log linear trends were seen.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not mercury) in 2004, values between 2003 and 2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ACES, Stockholm University.Generally, higher mercury concentrations are found in the Bothnian Bay, but also from one station in the Northern parts of Baltic Proper, compared to other parts of the Swedish coastline. The time series show varying concentrations over the study period. The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southern Bothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. On the other hand, increasing concentrations are seen in e.g., cod muscle, but the concentrations are fairly low compared to measured concentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. In most cases, the mercury concentrations are above the EQSbiota of 20 ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length), supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. The highest concentrations are seen in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. Elevated lead concentrations between 2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see above regarding change in analysis methods). Lead concentrations are below the suggested target level at all stations.Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It is worth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium, generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series. Cadmium concentrations in herring and perch are all below the suggested target level of 160 μg/kg wet weight.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series begin with two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and may give a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing concentrations, possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper and zinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.Generally higher concentrations of arsenic and silver are found along the west coast compared to other parts of the Sweadish coast line. However for silver a few stations in the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay show comparable concentrations to the west coast stations.Chlorinated CompoundsGenerally, a decreasing concentrations were observed for all compounds (DDT’s, PCB’s, HCH’s, HCB) in all species examined, with a few exceptions, such as no change in TCDD-equivalents being seen in herring muscle (except at Änskärsklubb where very high concentrations at the beginning of the sampling period were seen and also at the west coast station Fladen). The longer time-series in guillemot also show a marked decrease in TCDD-equivalents from the start in the late 1960s until about 1985 from where no change occurred for many years, however, during the most recent ten years a decrease in the concentration is seen. Concentrations of DDE and CB-118 are for some species and sites still above their respective target levels.The chlorinated compounds generally show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Sea and/or Baltic Proper when compared to the Bothnian Bay and the Swedish west coast.Brominated Flame RetardantsElevated levels of HBCDD are seen in sites from the Baltic Proper, while the investigated PBDEs show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Bay. In addition, lower concentrations of all investigated PBDEs and HBCDD are seen on the Swedish west coast compared to the east coast. Temporally, significant increases in BDE-47, -99 and -100 have been seen in guillemot eggs since the late 1960s until the early 1990s, where concentrations then began to show decreases. Also, the concentration of HBCDD in guillemot eggs shows a decrease during the most recent ten years. For fish and blue mussels, BDE-47, -99, and -153 decreased at some sites and showed no trend at other sites. The concentration of HBCDD in fish and blue mussels showed inconsistent trends. The concentration of HBCDD is below the EQSbiota of 167 μg/kg wet weight for all fish species from all areas, while the concentration of BDE-47 alone is above the EQSbiota for sumPBDE of 0.0085 ng/g wet weight.PAHsOnly blue mussels have been examined for spatial differences in PAH concentrations. Concentration of ΣPAH was found to be higher from Kvädöfjärden in the Baltic Proper compared to stations at the West coast, but individual PAHs showed varying spatial patterns. Over time, acenaphthalene was rarely found above the detection limit. Significant decreasing trends were observed for ΣPAH, chrysene, fluoranthene and pyrene at Fjällbacka; for naphthalene at Kvädöfjärden; and for pyrene at Fladen.All time series where concentrations of various PAHs were compared with the target value based on OSPAR Ecological Assessment Criteria, or EC Environmental Quality Standards were below the target value.PFASsPFHxS and PFOS show a similar spatial pattern, but PFOS concentrations were approximately 25 times higher than PFHxS levels. The distribution of PFOS is quite homogenous along the Swedish coast but with somewhat higher concentrations in the Baltic Proper. PFOS concentrations in guillemot eggs are about 100-200 times higher than in herring liver. An overall increasing concentration of PFOS in guillemot eggs has been observed throughout the whole time period, however, during the most recent ten years, a change of direction is detected. The longer herring time series from Harufjärden, Landsort, and Utlängan show increasing concentrations for PFOS and most carboxylates. For FOSA, on the other hand, decreasing concentrations are seen during the most recent ten years.Organotin compoundsThe majority of the analysed tinorganic compounds showed concentrations below LOQ. However TBT and DPhT showed concentrations above LOQ at all stations with highest reported concentrations in fish from Örefjärden in the northern part of Bothnian Sea.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Christiansen, Ditte M., 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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High-resolution data are necessary to understand the effects of climate on plant population dynamics of a forest herb
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ecology. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 105:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate is assumed to strongly influence species distribution and abundance. Although the performance of many organisms is influenced by the climate in their immediate proximity, the climate data used to model their distributions often have a coarse spatial resolution. This is problematic because the local climate experienced by individuals might deviate substantially from the regional average. This problem is likely to be particularly important for sessile organisms like plants and in environments where small-scale variation in climate is large. To quantify the effect of local temperature on vital rates and population growth rates, we used temperature values measured at the local scale (in situ logger measures) and integral projection models with demographic data from 37 populations of the forest herb Lathyrus vernus across a wide latitudinal gradient in Sweden. To assess how the spatial resolution of temperature data influences assessments of climate effects, we compared effects from models using local data with models using regionally aggregated temperature data at several spatial resolutions (≥1 km). Using local temperature data, we found that spring frost reduced the asymptotic population growth rate in the first of two annual transitions and influenced survival in both transitions. Only one of the four regional estimates showed a similar negative effect of spring frost on population growth rate. Our results for a perennial forest herb show that analyses using regionally aggregated data often fail to identify the effects of climate on population dynamics. This emphasizes the importance of using organism-relevant estimates of climate when examining effects on individual performance and population dynamics, as well as when modeling species distributions. For sessile organisms that experience the environment over small spatial scales, this will require climate data at high spatial resolutions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dahlgren, Malin
(författare)
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Breast Cancer Biomarkers with Clinical Relevance Identified by Massively-parallel DNA and RNA Sequencing
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Women have a 10% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, and the disease has surpassed lung cancer as the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer in the world. Breast cancer originates in the epithelial cells of the mammary gland and tumor cells have undergone a series of genetic and phenotypic changes that confer tumor promoting properties.Genomic rearrangement is a common phenomenon in cancer, involving breakage and dysfunctional repair of chromosomes. With the aim to characterize such variants and their progression from primary to metastatic disease, we performed whole-genome sequencing of paired primary tumors and metastases (study I) and paired contralateral breast cancers (CBC) (study II). Metastasis rearrangement profiles bore a remarkable resemblance to the respective primary tumors (median 89% shared), indicating that the rearrangements were early events in tumor development, remaining stable throughout progression. Our study on CBC (study II) subsequently allowed us to identify 1 in 10 tumor pairs that likely represented metastatic spread rather than a new primary tumor (76% of rearrangements shared). One of the risk factors for breast cancer is high exposure to estrogens; signaling via estrogen receptor (ER) α is considered the most important driver for the 75% of tumors expressing this marker. Mutations in the gene for ERα are known to be common in endocrine therapy-refractory breast cancer and confer resistance to standard anti-hormonal treatment. In study III, we interrogated RNA-seq data from 3217 primary breast tumors from the SCAN-B initiative and found that 1% of tumors were positive for one of the mutations at surgery. For those patients that received adjuvant endocrine therapy, the mutations were associated to worse overall and relapse-free survival. In study IV, we further explored the SCAN-B dataset to investigate the phenotypic properties and prognosis associated to high expression of the much less well studied ERβ. We discovered that this receptor was not abundantly expressed, with 1/3 of tumors entirely negative. Further, we saw that patients with high levels of ERβ mRNA had slightly improved overall survival and that the expression of ERβ was associated to expression of genes involved in immune cell activation.In summary, we have employed sequencing technology to study breast cancer patient material to identify and assess the validity of genomic and transcriptomic changes that may both be of value as potential biomarkers, and in elucidating biological mechanisms that drive or suppress breast cancer progression.
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| 9. |
- Dahlgren, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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CITED1 as a marker of favourable outcome in anti-endocrine treated, estrogen-receptor positive, lymph-node negative breast cancer.
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Research Notes. - 1756-0500. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate CITED1 as a potential biomarker of anti-endocrine response and breast cancer recurrence, given its previously determined role in mediating estrogen-dependant transcription. The study is a continuation of earlier work establishing the role of CITED1 in mammary gland development.Results: CITED1 mRNA is associated with estrogen-receptor positivity and selectively expressed in the GOBO dataset of cell lines and tumours representing the luminal-molecular subtype. In patients treated with tamoxifen, higher CITED1 correlated with better outcome, suggesting a role in anti-estrogen response. The effect was particularly evident in the subset of estrogen-receptor positive, lymph-node negative (ER+/LN-) patients although noticeable divergence of the groups was apparent only after five years. Tissue microarray (TMA) analysis further validated the association of CITED1 protein, by immunohistochemistry, with favourable outcome in ER+, tamoxifen-treated patients. Although we also found a favourable response to anti-endocrine treatment in a larger TCGA dataset, the tamoxifen-specific effect was not replicated. Finally, MCF7 cells overexpressing CITED1 showed selective amplification of AREG but not TGFα suggesting that maintenance of specific ERα-CITED1 mediated transcription is important for the long-term response to anti-endocrine therapy. These findings together confirm the proposed mechanism of action of CITED1 and support its potential use as a prognostic biomarker.
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| 10. |
- Dahlgren, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Preexisting Somatic Mutations of Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ESR1) in Early-Stage Primary Breast Cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: JNCI Cancer Spectrum. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2515-5091. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than three-quarters of primary breast cancers are positive for estrogen receptor alpha (ER; encoded by the gene ESR1), the most important factor for directing anti-estrogenic endocrine therapy (ET). Recently, mutations in ESR1 were identified as acquired mechanisms of resistance to ET, found in 12% to 55% of metastatic breast cancers treated previously with ET. We analyzed 3217 population-based invasive primary (nonmetastatic) breast cancers (within the SCAN-B study, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02306096), sampled from initial diagnosis prior to any treatment, for the presence of ESR1 mutations using RNA sequencing. Mutations were verified by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction on tumor and normal DNA. Patient outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimation and a series of 2-factor Cox regression multivariable analyses. We identified ESR1 resistance mutations in 30 tumors (0.9%), of which 29 were ER positive (1.1%). In ET-treated disease, presence of ESR1 mutation was associated with poor relapse-free survival and overall survival (2-sided log-rank test P < .001 and P = .008, respectively), with hazard ratios of 3.00 (95% confidence interval = 1.56 to 5.88) and 2.51 (95% confidence interval = 1.24 to 5.07), respectively, which remained statistically significant when adjusted for other prognostic factors. These population-based results indicate that ESR1 mutations at diagnosis of primary breast cancer occur in about 1% of women and identify for the first time in the adjuvant setting that such preexisting mutations are associated to eventual resistance to standard hormone therapy. If replicated, tumor ESR1 screening should be considered in ER-positive primary breast cancer, and for patients with mutated disease, ER degraders such as fulvestrant or other therapeutic options may be considered as more appropriate.
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| 11. |
- Dalal, Hina, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical associations of ESR2 (estrogen receptor beta) expression across thousands of primary breast tumors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα, encoded by ESR1) is a well-characterized transcription factor expressed in more than 75% of breast tumors and is the key biomarker to direct endocrine therapies. On the other hand, much less is known about estrogen receptor beta (ERβ, encoded by ESR2) and its importance in cancer. Previous studies had some disagreement, however most reports suggested a more favorable prognosis for patients with high ESR2 expression. To add further clarity to ESR2 in breast cancer, we interrogated a large population-based cohort of primary breast tumors (n = 3207) from the SCAN-B study. RNA-seq shows ESR2 is expressed at low levels overall with a slight inverse correlation to ESR1 expression (Spearman R = -0.18, p = 2.2e-16), and highest ESR2 expression in the basal- and normal-like PAM50 subtypes. ESR2-high tumors had favorable overall survival (p = 0.006), particularly in subgroups receiving endocrine therapy (p = 0.03) and in triple-negative breast cancer (p = 0.01). These results were generally robust in multivariable analyses accounting for patient age, tumor size, node status, and grade. Gene modules consistent with immune response were associated to ESR2-high tumors. Taken together, our results indicate that ESR2 is generally expressed at low levels in breast cancer but associated with improved overall survival and may be related to immune response modulation.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Malin, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Social capital, gender and educational level : impact on self-rated health
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Open Public Health Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1874-9445. ; 3, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Social capital has been recognized as one important social determinant for health, but we still have limited knowledge about how it can be used to explain inequality in health. This study investigated the links between individual social capital and self-rated health by gender and educational level, and analyzed if access to social capital might explain the observed disparities in self-rated health between men and women and different educational groups. Study design: A cross-sectional survey in Northern Sweden. Methods: A social capital questionnaire was constructed and mailed to 15 000 randomly selected individuals. Different forms of structural and cognitive social capital were measured. Self-rated health was used as the outcome measure. Crude and adjusted OR and 95% CI were calculated for good selfrated health and access to each form of social capital. Multivariate regression was used to analyze how sociodemographic factors and access to social capital might influence differences in self-rated health by gender and educational level. Results: Access to almost each form of social capital significantly increased the odds for good self-rated health for all groups. A higher education significantly increased the odds for access to each form of social capital, and being a man significantly increased the odds for having access to some forms of social capital. The health advantage for higher educated and men partly decreased when controlling for access to social capital. Conclusions: Access to social capital can partly explain the observed health inequality between men and women and different educational groups. Strengthening social capital might be one way of tackling health inequality. It is important to consider the structural conditions that create unequal opportunities for different groups to access social capital.
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| 15. |
- Eriksson, Malin, 1969-
(författare)
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Social capital, health and community action : implications for health promotion
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background; The overwhelming increase in studies about social capital and health occurring since 1995 indicates a renewed interest in the social determinants of health and a call for a more explicit use of theory in public health and epidemiology. The links between social capital and health are still not clear and the meanings of different forms of individual and collective social capital and their implications for health promotion needs further exploration. The overall aims of this thesis are to explore the relationship between social capital and health and to contribute to the theoretical framework of the role of social capital for health and health promotion.Methods; Data from a social capital survey were used to investigate the associations between individual social capital and self-rated health for men and women and different educational groups. Survey data were also analyzed to determine the association between collective social capital and self-rated health for men and women. A qualitative case study in a small community with observed high levels of civic engagement formed the basis for exploring the role of social capital for community action. Data from the same study were utilized for a grounded theory situational analysis of the social mechanisms leading to social capital mobilization.Main findings; Access to individual social capital increases the odds for good self-rated health equally for men and women and different educational groups. However, the likelihood of having access to social capital differs between groups. The results indicate a positive association between collective social capital and self-rated health for women but not for men. Results from the qualitative case study illustrate how social capital in local communities can facilitate collective actions for public good but may also increase social inequality. Mobilizing social capital in local communities requires identification of community issues that call for action, a fighting spirit from trusted local leaders, “know-how” from creative entrepreneurs, and broad legitimacy and support in the community.Conclusions; This thesis supports the idea that individual social capital is health-enhancing and that strengthening individual social capital can be considered one important health promotion strategy. Collective social capital may have a positive effect on self-rated health for women but not for men and therefore mobilizing collective social capital might be more health-enhancing for women. Collective social capital may have indirect positive effects on health for all by facilitating the ability of communities to solve collective health problems. However, mobilizing social capital in local communities requires an awareness of the risk for increased social inequality.
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| 16. |
- Eriksson, Malin, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the role of social capital for health promotion beyond Putnam : a qualitative case study from northern Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Social theory and health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1477-8211 .- 1477-822X. ; 7:4, s. 318-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social capital is believed to improve the capacity of communities to work together for solving collective health problems. The present study was conducted in a community in northern Sweden where citizens through collective actions managed to build an association-driven health center. The aims were to describe the community's existing social capital in order to explore how Putnam's theories could contribute to an understanding of the observed high civic engagement and to discuss how other theoretical perspectives might add to an understanding of the role of social capital for health promotion. A qualitative case study was performed and the analysis followed a grounded theory approach. In accordance with Putnam, inherited social capital and high participation in existing associations were found to be important for uniting people. Beyond these, other aspects such as effective information channels, strong leaders and high social control were also significant and better understood by adding Coleman's and Bourdieu's views of social capital. If social capital is to be used for the purposes of health promotion the risk of increased social inequality as an unintended consequence needs to be considered. An awareness of how specific contextual conditions affect the building and mobilizing of social capital is also crucial.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Fäldt, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of human neutrophils by mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Clinical and experimental immunology. - 0009-9104. ; 118:2, s. 253-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids (PGLs) and phagocytes was studied. Human neutrophils were allowed to interact with each of four purified mycobacterial PGLs and the neutrophil production of reactive oxygen metabolites was followed kinetically by luminol-/isoluminol-amplified chemiluminescence. The PGLs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium kansasii, respectively, were shown to stimulate the production of oxygen metabolites, while PGLs from Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, respectively, were unable to induce an oxidative response. Periodate treatment of the M. tuberculosis PGL decreased the production of oxygen radicals, showing the importance of the PGL carbohydrate moiety for the interaction. The activation, however, could not be inhibited by rhamnose or fucose, indicating a complex interaction which probably involves more than one saccharide unit. This is in line with the fact that the activating PGLs from M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii contain tri- and tetrasaccharides, respectively, while the nonactivating PGLs from M. marinum and M. bovis BCG each contain a monosaccharide. The complement receptor 3 (CR3) has earlier been shown to be of importance for the phagocyte binding of mycobacteria, but did not appear to be involved in the activation of neutrophils by PGLs. The subcellular localization of the reactive oxygen metabolites formed was related to the way in which the glycolipids were presented to the cells.
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| 19. |
- Fäldt, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Priming of human neutrophils by mycobacterial lipoarabinomannans: role of granule mobilisation.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Microbes and infection. - 1286-4579. ; 3:13, s. 1101-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipoarabinomannans (LAMs) from mycobacteria were investigated concerning their effect on human neutrophils. Two types of LAM, the mannose-capped ManLAM from the virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the mannose-lacking AraLAM from a rapidly growing mycobacterial strain were used. Neither AraLAM nor ManLAM induced any significant direct activation of the NADPH-oxidase. Both LAMs, however, primed the neutrophils so that subsequent stimulation with the peptide chemoattractants fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLF), Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-DMet (WKYMVm) and the mammalian lactose-binding lectin galectin-3 resulted in a markedly enhanced oxidative response. The LAM-induced priming was accompanied by an increased exposure of complement receptors 1 and 3 as well as the formyl peptide receptor on the neutrophil surface, suggesting that the enhanced oxidative response could be due to upregulation of receptors on the cell surface as a result of granule mobilisation. Since LAM-primed neutrophils released 65% of the cell content of gelatinase but showed no increased release of vitamin B(12)-binding protein, mobilisation of the gelatinase granules rather than the specific granules is concluded to be responsible for the priming effects. This is in agreement with the subcellular localisation of receptors for fMLF, WKYMVm, as well as galectin-3, which are stored in the secretory vesicles and gelatinase granules. The priming effect appeared very similar to that of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, and since no differences in activity could be detected between AraLAM and ManLAM, we hypothesize that the lipid anchor of the LAM is responsible for the priming effects.
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| 20. |
- Fäldt, Jenny, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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The phagocyte chemiluminescence paradox: luminol can act as an inhibitor of neutrophil NADPH-oxidase activity.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence. - 1522-7235. ; 14:3, s. 153-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemiluminescence system amplified by luminol or isoluminol is a sensitive and widely used method for determination of respiratory burst products generated by the NADPH-oxidase in phagocytes. The present study shows that luminol, but not isoluminol, can inhibit the release of oxygen metabolites generated by human neutrophil NADPH-oxidase. The difference in structure between luminol and isoluminol (rendering luminol more lipophilic than isoluminol, and thereby membrane-permeable), is suggested to determine indirectly whether or not the molecule is inhibitory. Luminol was shown to have an increased inhibitory effect after preincubation of neutrophils on a surface of aggregated IgG, suggesting that the cells can be transferred from a 'luminol-insensitive' to a 'luminol-sensitive' state. Since luminol had no inhibitory effect in a cell-free NADPH-oxidase system, it is likely that it interferes with the signal transduction pathway, leading to assembly and/or activation of the oxidase. As a consequence of the present results, showing that luminol but not isoluminol can inhibit NADPH-oxidase activity, we suggest that isoluminol is used in future studies of superoxide anion release from phagocytes.
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| 21. |
- Karlsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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"Tolerosomes” are produced by intestinal epithelial cells
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. ; 31, s. 2892-2900
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of immunological tolerance to orally fed antigens depends on the sampling, processing and transportation events followed in the intestinal epithelium. We present here a description of a ’’tolerosome’’: a supra-molecular, exosome-like structure assembled in and released from the small intestinal epithelial cell. The tolerosome is a e 40 nm large vesicular structure that carries MHC class II (MHC II) with bound antigenic peptides sampled from the gut lumen. Tolerosomes isolated from serum shortly after antigen feeding or from an in vitro pulsed intestinal epithelial cell line are fully capable of inducing antigen specific tolerance in naive recipient animals. Purified tolerosomes represent a structure by which fed antigens can be efficiently presented to the immune system. Removal of the tolerosomes from serum by ultracentrifugation or absorption of MHC II results in abrogated tolerance development.
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Malin, 1973-
(författare)
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Att förklara människan : Diskurser i populärvetenskapliga TV-program
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The principle aim of the study is to describe, analyze and problemize the ways in which television science documentaries (within a public service context) discursively represent scientific theories, research results and conclusions about the origins of human nature and the causes of human behavior. The study covers 25 programs broadcasted by SVT and UR during a period of four years,2002-2005 , and 12 additional programs are used as a basis for discussion. Most of the programs included in the study are productions purchased mainly from BBC Science. Thus, managing editors, producers and presenters were interviewed for the purpose of illuminating quality judgements and purchasing criteria. A five stage-model of critical discourse analysis has inspired the method which emphasizes the network of communicative practices in which the media text and representation are embedded. That includes media genre, production and narrative conventions as well as the wider historical, social and political/ideological context and discourse practices of which the issues represented are a part. The critical discourse analysis has been complemented by ideas about different documentary modes of representation or basic ways of organizing documentary texts in relation to certain recurrent features or conventions. In the analysis these modes have been applied to understand the degree of transparency and editorial presence and visibility in the science documentaries. The importance of the discourses presented is related to their more applied meanings. When certain descriptions, explanations and understandings of alleged human “basics” gain priority, it may affect the possibilities to define and handle very concrete social issues in a way that is inconsistent with this fundamental perspective. Thus, the ideological function of the science documentaries (as public service-program and educational media) deserves serious attention.
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| 23. |
- Olbers, Torsten, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Two-year outcome of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents with severe obesity: results from a Swedish Nationwide Study (AMOS)
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5497 .- 0307-0565. ; 36:11, s. 1388-1395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: The prevalence of obesity among adolescents has increased and we lack effective treatments. OBJECTIVE: To determine if gastric bypass is safe and effective for an unselected cohort of adolescents with morbid obesity in specialized health care. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS: Intervention study for 81 adolescents (13-18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) range 36-69 kg m(-2) undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery in a university hospital setting in Sweden between April 2006 and May 2009. For weight change comparisons, we identified an adult group undergoing gastric bypass surgery (n = 81) and an adolescent group (n = 81) receiving conventional care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Two-year outcome regarding BMI in all groups, and metabolic risk factors and quality of life in the adolescent surgery group. RESULTS: Two-year follow-up rate was 100% in both surgery groups and 73% in the adolescent comparison group. In adolescents undergoing surgery, BMI was 45.5 +/- 6.1 (mean +/- s.d.) at baseline and 30.2 (confidence interval 29.1-31.3) after 2 years (P<0.001) corresponding to a 32% weight loss and a 76% loss of excess BMI. The 2-year weight loss was 31% in adult surgery patients, whereas 3% weight gain was seen in conventionally treated adolescents. At baseline, hyperinsulinemia (>20 m Ul(-1)) was present in 70% of the adolescent surgery patients, which was reduced to 0% at 1 year and 3% at 2 years. Other cardiovascular risk factors were also improved. Two-thirds of adolescents undergoing surgery had a history of psychopathology. Nevertheless, the treatment was generally well tolerated and, overall, quality of life increased significantly. Adverse events were seen in 33% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents with severe obesity demonstrated similar weight loss as adults following gastric bypass surgery yet demonstrating high prevalence of psychopathology at baseline. There were associated benefits for health and quality of life. Surgical and psychological challenges during follow-up require careful attention. International Journal of Obesity (2012) 36, 1388-1395; doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.160; published online 25 September 2012
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| 24. |
- Olsson, Eleonor, et al.
(författare)
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Serial monitoring of circulating tumor DNA in patients with primary breast cancer for detection of occult metastatic disease.
- 2015
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Ingår i: EMBO Molecular Medicine. - : EMBO. - 1757-4684 .- 1757-4676. ; 7:8, s. 1034-1047
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metastatic breast cancer is usually diagnosed after becoming symptomatic, at which point it is rarely curable. Cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) contains tumor-specific chromosomal rearrangements that may be interrogated in blood plasma. We evaluated serial monitoring of ctDNA for earlier detection of metastasis in a retrospective study of 20 patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer and long follow-up. Using an approach combining low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of primary tumors and quantification of tumor-specific rearrangements in plasma by droplet digital PCR, we identify for the first time that ctDNA monitoring is highly accurate for postsurgical discrimination between patients with (93%) and without (100%) eventual clinically detected recurrence. ctDNA-based detection preceded clinical detection of metastasis in 86% of patients with an average lead time of 11 months (range 0-37 months), whereas patients with long-term disease-free survival had undetectable ctDNA postoperatively. ctDNA quantity was predictive of poor survival. These findings establish the rationale for larger validation studies in early breast cancer to evaluate ctDNA as a monitoring tool for early metastasis detection, therapy modification, and to aid in avoidance of overtreatment.
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| 25. |
- Tang, Man-Hung Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Remarkable similarities of chromosomal rearrangements between primary human breast cancers and matched distant metastases as revealed by whole-genome sequencing.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 6:35, s. 37169-37184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better understand and characterize chromosomal structural variation during breast cancer progression, we enumerated chromosomal rearrangements for 11 patients by performing low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of 11 primary breast tumors and their 13 matched distant metastases. The tumor genomes harbored a median of 85 (range 18-404) rearrangements per tumor, with a median of 82 (26-310) in primaries compared to 87 (18-404) in distant metastases. Concordance between paired tumors from the same patient was high with a median of 89% of rearrangements shared (range 61-100%), whereas little overlap was found when comparing all possible pairings of tumors from different patients (median 3%). The tumors exhibited diverse genomic patterns of rearrangements: some carried events distributed throughout the genome while others had events mostly within densely clustered chromothripsis-like foci at a few chromosomal locations. Irrespectively, the patterns were highly conserved between the primary tumor and metastases from the same patient. Rearrangements occurred more frequently in genic areas than expected by chance and among the genes affected there was significant enrichment for cancer-associated genes including disruption of TP53, RB1, PTEN, and ESR1, likely contributing to tumor development. Our findings are most consistent with chromosomal rearrangements being early events in breast cancer progression that remain stable during the development from primary tumor to distant metastasis.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Wallner-Hahn, Sieglind, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Food security and ecosystem service generation of seagrass-associated small-scale fisheries : the case of southwest Madagascar
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Small-scale fisheries play globally a crucial role for food security and poverty alleviation. This is particularly true in developing countries, where people often are to a high extent depending on the resources their surrounding ecosystems have to offer. Many small-scale fisheries around the world are however under pressure, and in the need of better management. A seascape approach including all habitats has been emphasized for marine small-scale fisheries. This study is based on interviews with fishers and investigates the importance of seagrass beds for small-scale fishery households and their food security of in southwestern Madagascar. The three specific aims of this study were to: i) analyze if seagrass-associated fish contributes to subsistence and/or economy of local fishing households, ii) identify and compare seagrass ecosystem goods and services valued by local people in a rural and an urban setting and iii) analyze links between local people and seagrasses in terms of local ecological knowledge, use and traditions. The results show that seagrasses are the most important fishing habitats for most fishers, seagrass-associated fish species are both the most important and most commonly fished species, and seagrass derived fish and invertebrates are highly important daily sources of animal protein. The highest valued seagrass ecosystem goods and services are the provision of fishing grounds and the provision of food and income for the communities in general. These findings illustrate that seagrasses contribute both through subsistence and income generation to food security and wellbeing of coastal people in southwestern Madagascar. Therefore, there is a need to consider seagrass ecosystems in management of small-scale fisheries, to build more resilient small-scale fisheries which can sustain food security for future generations.
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| 28. |
- Wallner-Hahn, Sieglind, et al.
(författare)
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Linking seagrass ecosystem services to food security : The example of southwestern Madagascar's small-scale fisheries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale fisheries (SSF) are crucial for food security and poverty alleviation. Many SSF are however under pressure, and in need of better management paying special attention to the key seascape ecosystems which are supporting them. This study investigates the importance of seagrass beds for SSF households and their food security in southwestern Madagascar. The specific aims of this study were to: i) analyze if and how seagrassassociated fish contributes to subsistence and/or the economy of local fishing households, ii) identify and compare seagrass ecosystem goods and services valued by local fishers in a rural and an urban setting, and iii) analyze links between local people and seagrasses in terms of local ecological knowledge, use and traditions. The results showed that seagrasses were the most important fishing habitats for most fishers. Seagrass-associated fish species were both the economically most important and most commonly fished species, and are a major source of protein in the region. Further, seagrass-derived sea urchins are important complements to local people's diets. The findings illustrate that seagrasses contribute both through subsistence and income generation to food security and wellbeing of coastal people in southwestern Madagascar. This highlights the need to consider seagrass ecosystems in management towards sustainable SSF and their ability to sustain food security for future generations.
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