| 1. |
- Alexander, Stephen P. H., et al.
(författare)
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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors
- 2023
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Ingår i: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. - : British pharmacological society. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at . G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 2. |
- Christopoulos, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein-coupled receptors.
- 2021
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Ingår i: British journal of pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1476-5381 .- 0007-1188. ; 178 Suppl 1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15538. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 3. |
- Dahlgren, Lars-Ove, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptions of learning among teachers and students in higher education. A Swedish-Polish comparative study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Anthology of Social and Behavioural Sciences. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. - 9185457736 - 8389786583 ; , s. 89-115
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The article presents conceptions of learning among students and teachers at two European universities, in Linköping (Sweden) and Gdansk (Poland). The research was conducted along the principles of phenomenography by two teams working simultaneously on their respective samples. The strategy of sampling and interviewing, as well as the rules of interpretation, were discussed and kept as similar as possible by both teams. In some cases a procedure of cross-interpretation was applied, another tested i.e. the categories identified by one team as possibly applicable to their own empirical material. The analysis of the Swedish material yielded three different categories describing the conceptions of learning among teachers and students: Learning as change, as completion, and as contextualisation. There is a potential conflict between teachers’ and students’ perspectives in that the students emphasise the relevance for the coming profession, while teachers hold a more academic conception of the nature of learning and the driving forces for learning. In the Polish sample, four categories of learning were discerned: learning as an instrument, as change, as acquisition of knowledge, and as a natural (biological) disposition. In the Polish material a clear distinction between two different milieus for learning, those of institutions and of “real life situations’, has been spotted as critical to the understanding of the nature of learning.The comparative analysis of the outcome of the phenomenographic analyses aims at identifying hypothetical factors of cultural difference that could have influenced both outcome spaces. However, this part merely sketches the issue. The present report is part of a broader project aiming at analysing the conceptions of learning, knowledge, teaching and assessment, and a more complete comparative analysis will only be possible after all the parts are presented.
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| 4. |
- Dahlgren, Sven-Olof, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Prosodic traits in speech produced by children with autism spectrum disorders – Perceptual and acoustic measurements
- 2018
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Ingår i: Autism & Developmental Language Impairments. - : SAGE Publications. - 2396-9415. ; 3, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Autism spectrum disorder has been associated with atypical voice characteristics and prosody. In the scientific literature, four different aspects of atypical speech production in autism spectrum disorder have been highlighted; voice quality together with the prosodic aspects pitch, duration and intensity. Studies of prosody in autism spectrum disorder have almost exclusively used perceptual methods. Recently, some studies have used acoustic analyses. In these studies, it has been pointed out that the acoustic differences found are not necessarily perceived as atypical by listeners, which is why it is important to let listeners evaluate perceptual correlates to acoustic findings. The aims of this study were to use both perceptual and acoustic analyses to study prosodic production in children with autism spectrum disorder and to examine if voice and speech characteristics could be used as clinical markers for autism spectrum disorder. Method: Eleven children within normal range of intelligence diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and 11 children with typical development participated. Every child was recorded telling a story elicited with the expression, reception and recall of narrative instrument. Excerpts of one minute were extracted from the audio files creating the material underlying the perceptual ratings and in the acoustic analysis. An evaluation procedure, partly based on a standardized voice evaluation procedure developed for clinical practice in Sweden, was designed for the perceptual judgments and analysis. To capture critical prosodic variables, aspects of prosody based on characteristic features of Swedish prosody, prosodic features known to cause Swedish children with language impairment particular problems and current research of prosodic impairments in children with autism, were used as rating variables. The acoustic analysis was based on the four variables fundamental frequency (fo) average, fo range, fo variation and speech rate, together with the language production-related variable number of words per utterance. Results: In the acoustic analysis, no differences were found with regards to fo-related variables or speech rate. However, the children in the autism spectrum disorder-group produced significantly more words per utterance than the typically developing children. The perceptual analysis showed no differences between the groups. Only three children with autism spectrum disorder were correctly identified as such. The narrative ability of these children, according to scores on the narrative assessment profile, was poorer than that of the other eight children. They were also more atypical in fluency and in speech rate. Given the small sample, the results should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions and implications: The only difference in prosodic production discovered in the acoustic analysis, namely that children with autism spectrum disorder used more words per utterance than the children in the comparison group, was not detected in the perceptual assessment. This implies that it was not perceived as atypical by expert listeners. The results indicate difficulties in using voice and speech characteristics as markers of autism spectrum disorder in clinical settings. The correct identification of some of the children as having autism spectrum disorder or not also indicates that some children with autism spectrum disorder have a prosodic production sufficiently ‘atypical’ in combination with a limited ability to tell stories to be perceived.
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| 5. |
- Dahlgren, Sven-Olof, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of mind in Children with Severe Speech and Physical Impairments
- 2010
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Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. ; 31, s. 617-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of a person's ability to understand other's thoughts and feelings, so called "theory of mind" (ToM), is subject to study. Children with communicative disabilities have exhibited problems in this respect, highlighting the role of language in the development of ToM. In this study, ToM was studied in children with cerebral palsy and severe speech impairments. Two tasks, differently dependent on verbal abilities, were used. The results were compared to those of a mental age matched group. The groups differed significantly on the verbally dependent task while difference in performance did not reach significance on the less verbally dependent one. The results are discussed in terms of a delayed development of ToM in children with severe speech and physical impairments, dependent on verbal abilities.
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| 6. |
- Dahlgren Sandberg, Annika, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Early linguistic experiences and development of theory of mind in children with severe speech and physical impairments
- 2006
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Theory of mind (ToM) refers to our ability to attribute thoughts, beliefs and feelings to ourselves and to other people, and to our understanding that our actions are governed by these thoughts, beliefs and feelings. This ability is crucial in social interaction and communication. The question of how to explain the development of ToM is still unsettled. Early exposure to communication is one possible prerequisite. If this is the case, then one would expect development of ToM to be affected in children with different communicative impairments. In accordance with this expectation, recent studies have in fact shown that deaf children without early exposure to sign language (Peterson & Siegal, 1999) have difficulties in solving tasks requiring a ToM. Other examples are children with developmental language delay. From this perspective, the development of theory of mind in children with severe speech and physical impairments (SSPI) is most interesting, considering the problems experienced by children with SSPI within the area of early social experience and communication. Methods: In three studies 14, 6 and 16 participants with severe speech and physical impairments participated. Also participating was a group of children, matched to the focus group for mental and linguistic age. They were presented a range of tasks to track the development of ToM: pretend play, perceptual tasks, 1st and 2nd order false belief tasks (so called Change of location tasks) and an Unexpected content task. Results: Findings from our research suggest that the children have difficulties solving the ToM-tasks, but that they follow a normal pattern of development with severe delay compared to children without disability. Conclusions: There are different possible explanations to the childrens early failure to solve ToM-tasks: 1.Limited linguistic and conversational competence 2.Memory problems 3.Lack of experiences, e.g. pretend play 4.Lack of opportunities to take other persons perspectives The ability to take someone elses perspective is crucial in social interaction and communication. Interpersonal communication enhances this ability. It is therefore important not only to provide children with SSPI with appropriate and sufficient communication aids, such as Bliss for example, but also to provide experiences and the tools with which to use communication aids in an efficient manner. References: Peterson, C. C., & Siegal, M. (1999). Representing Inner Worlds: Theory of mind in Autistic, Deaf, and Normal Hearing Children. Psychological Science, 10, 126-129.
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| 7. |
- Jones, Douglas, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-isotope approach to evaluate the potential of great cormorant eggs for contaminant monitoring
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contaminant monitoring in biota is important for determining environmental status and to detect or prioritize action on hazardous substances. Predators higher up a food chain are often used for monitoring of contaminants that bioaccumulate. However, it is not always possible to find higher predators that are both abundant and have a wide distribution for national or international contaminant monitoring. Great cormorants (Phalocrocorax carbo) are a widespread and increasingly common top predator of fish in fresh, brackish and salt water. We evaluate the suitability of great cormorant eggs as a matrix for contaminant monitoring by using stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. Despite the fact that cormorants are migratory, egg isotope values showed a significant separation between five breeding colonies in Sweden (1 fresh water lake, 3 Baltic sites and 1 marine site). This high degree of separation indicates that eggs are primarily produced using local resources (not stored body resources) and that contaminants (mercury concentrations in this study) measured in eggs likely reflect levels in fish prey caught close to the breeding area. Compound specific stable isotope analysis was used to estimate cormorant trophic position (TP) and concentrations of mercury in eggs were positively related to TP. The results show that a multi-isotope approach, combined with good ecological diet knowledge allow for meaningful and comparative interpretation of mercury concentrations in biota and that great cormorant eggs appear a suitable matrix to measure locally derived and maternally transferred contaminants.
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| 8. |
- Kronstrand, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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A Cluster of Deaths Involving 5-(2-Aminopropyl)Indole(5-IT)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Toxicology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy F. - 0146-4760 .- 1945-2403. ; 37:8, s. 542-546
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During 2012, the designer drug 5-(2-aminopropyl)indole emerged in Sweden, and became available at different web sites under the name 5-IT or 5-API. This compound is an indole derivative and a positional isomer of alpha-methyltryptamine. In this paper, we report the pathology and toxicology from 15 deaths involving 5-IT. Routine postmortem toxicology was performed in femoral blood, using a targeted screening for pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse with liquid chromatography time-of-flight technology, and positive results were quantified using chromatographic techniques. For 5-IT, a new method was developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. In 11 cases, intoxication was the cause of death. Two cases were signed out as causa ignota, and they were considered to be natural deaths. All determinations of 5-IT were performed in femoral blood and the concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 18.6 mg/g. Two cases had 5-IT as the only drug identified, while the others presented with other psychotropic drugs or medications in the blood as well. Shortly after this series of deaths, 5-IT was scheduled as a hazardous substance according to the regulation Certain Goods Dangerous to Health on 18 September 2012 prohibiting the handling and selling of the drug. Since then, no positive cases have been found.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Serrander, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Particles binding β2-integrins mediate intracellular production of oxidative metabolites in human neutrophils independently of phagocytosis
- 1999
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research. - 0167-4889 .- 1879-2596. ; 1452:2, s. 133-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complement-opsonised particles are readily ingested by human neutrophils through a complement receptor-mediated process leading to phagolysosome fusion and production of oxidative metabolites. To investigate the complement receptor 3 (CR3)-associated signal system involved, cells were challenged with protein A-positive, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus to which antibodies with specificity for the subunits of the β2-integrins, i.e. anti-CD11b (the α subunit of CR3) and anti-CD18 (the β subunit of CR3), were bound through their Fc moiety. Despite not being ingested by the neutrophils, the surface associated anti-CD18- and anti-CD11b-coated particles were able to activate the neutrophil NADPH-oxidase. Also anti-CD11a- (the α subunit of LFA-1) and to a lesser extent anti-CD11c- (the α subunit of CR4) coated particles were able to trigger the NADPH-oxidase. The NADPH-oxidase was activated without extracellular release of reactive oxygen species. The activity was inhibited by cytochalasin B, suggesting a necessary role for the cytoskeleton in the signalling pathway that activates the oxidase. We show that particle-mediated cross-linking of β2-integrins on the neutrophil surface initiates a signalling cascade, involving cytoskeletal rearrangements, leading to an activation of the NADPH-oxidase without phagosome formation or extracellular release of reactive oxygen species.
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| 11. |
- Wikström, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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An Accidental Fatal Intoxication with Methoxetamine
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Toxicology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0146-4760 .- 1945-2403. ; 37:1, s. 43-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports an unintentional death involving the administration of methoxetamine [2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)-cyclohexanone] and offers some reference values from living drug abusers. Methoxetamine is a new recreational drug with a similar structure to ketamine. The deceased was a 26-year-old male with a history of drug abuse; he was found lying on the floor in his apartment. Several red-line plastic bags were found, one of which was labeled 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)-cyclohexanone and another labeled Haze. In four cases from living subjects with unknown doses, concentrations of methoxetamine were found from 0.13 to 0.49 g/g. In three of the cases, the blood samples also contained natural or synthetic cannabinoids. In the autopsy case, a considerably higher concentration of methoxetamine, 8.6 g/g, was found in femoral blood. In addition, tetrahydrocannabinol and the three different synthetic cannabinoids AM-694, AM-2201, and JWH-018, were present in femoral blood. The circumstances and the high femoral blood concentration of methoxetamine point toward an unintentional, acute fatal intoxication with methoxetamine, although the presence of the three synthetic cannabinoids may have contributed to the death.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Abrandt Dahlgren, Madeleine, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and cultural conditions of higher education
- 2010
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Ingår i: Students as Journeymen Between Cultures of Higher Education and Work. - Saarbrücken, Germany : Lambert Academic Publishing. - 9783838394626
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The book reports on a longitudinal European resesrch project aiming at understanding how the transition between higher education and work life is experienced by the students. Informants are selected from a variety of study programs such as Psychology, Political science, Engineering and Law. The students are interviewed at the end of their studies and later after about one and a half year of work life experience. The aim is to describe and understand in what ways the studies have prepared the students for work life. The results indicate great differences between programs and also between the participating universities located in Sweden, Norway, Poland and Germany.
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| 14. |
- Afrell, Maria, 1953-
(författare)
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Att leva med en kropp som värker : samtal med fysioterapeuten
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aim: Physiotherapists in primary care meet, assess and treat patients with long-standing benign musculoskeletal pain. As a clinical condition, long-standing pain is common but nonetheless it is quite complex. The aim of this thesis has been, from a bodily existential perspective, to investigate and conceptualise the experience of living with longstanding benign musculoskeletal pain, and from there, to work out a method for conversation and assessment within non-specialised physiotherapy.Methods: Our first study was an interview study where we applied a phenomenological approach and investigated the ways individuals suffering from long-standing pain experienced their body and their illness. Four aspects of body experience were described, and based on these aspects, four typologies of attitudes to pain were distinguished. In the second study, we made two group interviews with six physiotherapists about their experiences of using, in their clinical work, questions from the interview guide in study I that had given particularly rich responses. Transcripts were analysed using phenomenography. In the third study, patients’ verbal responses to the key questions, directed to them by physiotherapists in clinical situations, were investigated, and the four aspects of body experience from study I formed the concepts of a deductive analysis. In study IV, finally, the key questions and typologies were tried by a larger group (31), and their experiences and the possible applicability of the method were studied by qualitative content analysis combined with the counting of codes.Results: We created four typologies of attitudes to long-standing pain: “Surrendering to one’s fate”, “Accepting by an active process of change”, “Balancing between hope and resignation” and “Rejecting the body”. These typologies, in turn, were based on four aspects of body experience: “The body as an aspect of identity”. “Body reliance”, “Body awareness”, and “Ways of understanding pain”. In study II, by the aid of key questions, patient and physiotherapist managed to have a conversation on bodily existential matters. The physiotherapist learnt to know the patient as a person, a process appeared to be initiated in the patient, and their relation changed. The patient was willing to talk about her body in pain, and had the words to do this. In study III, the key questions opened ways to reflections on body, existence, and biography. The four aspects of body experience were central to the patients’ descriptions. In study IV, the participating physiotherapists reported by large positive experiences from applying key questions and typologies. The patients reflected, emotions were evoked, and the relation and the communication often improved. The typologies helped in giving a comprehensive perspective of the patient’s problem, and to grasp where in the process of rehabilitation the patient was to be found.Conclusions: The method, seven key questions combined with the tentative frame of interpretation of the answers, seemed to be easily applied by interested physiotherapists in non-specialised practice. The application of the method addresses the need of developing the professional role of the physiotherapist. The challenge is to face the whole person, who is her lived body as well as her identity crisis, carried by emotions such as grief and anger. This may inspire the use of the full potential of the physiotherapist’s professional role in the clinical encounter.
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| 15. |
- Backman, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Monthlong Intubated Patient with Life-Threatening COVID-19 and Cerebral Microbleeds Suffers Only Mild Cognitive Sequelae at 8-Month Follow-up : A Case Report
- 2022
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Ingår i: Archives of clinical neuropsychology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0887-6177 .- 1873-5843. ; 37:2, s. 531-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To elaborate on possible cognitive sequelae related to COVID-19, associated cerebrovascular injuries as well as the general consequences from intensive care. COVID-19 is known to have several, serious CNS-related consequences, but neuropsychological studies of severe COVID-19 are still rare.Methods: M., a 45-year-old man, who survived a severe COVID-19 disease course including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), cerebral microbleeds, and 35 days of mechanical ventilation, is described. We elaborate on M’s recovery and rehabilitation process from onset to the 8-month follow-up. The cognitive functions were evaluated with a comprehensive screening battery at 4 weeks after extubation and at the 8-month follow-up.Results: Following extubation, M. was delirious, reported visual hallucinations, and had severe sleeping difficulties. At about 3 months after COVID-19 onset, M. showed mild to moderate deficits on tests measuring processing speed, working memory, and attention. At assessments at 8 months, M. performed better, with results above average on tests measuring learning, memory, word fluency, and visuospatial functions. Minor deficits were still found regarding logical reasoning, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. There were no lingering psychiatric symptoms. While M. had returned to a part-time job, he was not able to resume previous work-tasks.Conclusion: This case-study demonstrates possible cognitive deficits after severe COVID-19 and emphasizes the need of a neuropsychological follow-up, with tests sensitive to minor deficits. The main findings of this report provide some support that the long-term prognosis for cognition in severe COVID-19 may be hopeful.
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| 16. |
- Berglund, Anna, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Våldsutsatta kvinnor- samhällets ansvar
- 2014. - 3
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Ingår i: Lärobok, tredje upplagan, framtagen av Nationellt centrum för kvinnofrid, Uppsala universitet. - Uppsala : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144094441
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bignert, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Marine Biota, 2015
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environmental toxicants examined in this report can be classified into five groups – heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, brominated flame retardants, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and perfluorinated compounds. Each of these contaminants have been examined from various sites for up to six different fish species, in blue mussels, and in guillemot eggs, for varying lengths of time. The following summary examines overall trends, spatial and temporal, for the five groups.Condition and Fat ContentCondition and fat content in different species tended to follow the same pattern at the same sites, with a few exceptions. Most of the fish species generally displayed a decreasing trend in both condition and fat content at most sites examined. Exceptions to this were increases in condition factor seen in cod liver at Fladen, perch muscle at Kvädöfjärden, and for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. Also, an increase in fat content was seen during the most recent ten years for herring at Ängskärsklubb in spring. There were also some sites where no log linear trends were seen.Heavy MetalsDue to a change in methods for metal analysis (not mercury) in 2004, values between 2003 and 2007 should be interpreted with care. From 2009 metals are analyzed at ACES, Stockholm University.Generally, higher mercury concentrations are found in the Bothnian Bay, but also from one station in the Northern parts of Baltic Proper, compared to other parts of the Swedish coastline. The time series show varying concentrations over the study period. The longer time series in guillemot egg and spring-caught herring from the southern Bothnian Sea and southern Baltic Proper show significant decreases of mercury. On the other hand, increasing concentrations are seen in e.g., cod muscle, but the concentrations are fairly low compared to measured concentrations in perch from fresh water and coastal sites. In most cases, the mercury concentrations are above the EQSbiota of 20 ng/g wet weight.Lead is generally decreasing over the study period (in time series of sufficient length), supposedly due to the elimination of lead in gasoline. The highest concentrations are seen in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. Elevated lead concentrations between 2003 and 2007 (e.g. Harufjärden) should be viewed with caution (see above regarding change in analysis methods). Lead concentrations are below the suggested target level at all stations.Cadmium concentrations show varying non-linear trends over the monitored period. It is worth noting that despite several measures taken to reduce discharges of cadmium, generally the most recent concentrations are similar to concentrations measured 30 yearsago in the longer time series. Cadmium concentrations in herring and perch are all below the suggested target level of 160 μg/kg wet weight.The reported nickel concentrations show no consistent decreasing trends. Some series begin with two elevated values that exert a strong leverage effect on the regression line and may give a false impression of decreasing trends. Chromium generally shows decreasing concentrations, possibly explained by a shift in analytical method. The essential trace metals, copper and zinc, show no consistent trends during the monitored period.Generally higher concentrations of arsenic and silver are found along the west coast compared to other parts of the Sweadish coast line. However for silver a few stations in the Bothnian Sea and Bothnian Bay show comparable concentrations to the west coast stations.Chlorinated CompoundsGenerally, a decreasing concentrations were observed for all compounds (DDT’s, PCB’s, HCH’s, HCB) in all species examined, with a few exceptions, such as no change in TCDD-equivalents being seen in herring muscle (except at Änskärsklubb where very high concentrations at the beginning of the sampling period were seen and also at the west coast station Fladen). The longer time-series in guillemot also show a marked decrease in TCDD-equivalents from the start in the late 1960s until about 1985 from where no change occurred for many years, however, during the most recent ten years a decrease in the concentration is seen. Concentrations of DDE and CB-118 are for some species and sites still above their respective target levels.The chlorinated compounds generally show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Sea and/or Baltic Proper when compared to the Bothnian Bay and the Swedish west coast.Brominated Flame RetardantsElevated levels of HBCDD are seen in sites from the Baltic Proper, while the investigated PBDEs show higher concentrations in the Bothnian Bay. In addition, lower concentrations of all investigated PBDEs and HBCDD are seen on the Swedish west coast compared to the east coast. Temporally, significant increases in BDE-47, -99 and -100 have been seen in guillemot eggs since the late 1960s until the early 1990s, where concentrations then began to show decreases. Also, the concentration of HBCDD in guillemot eggs shows a decrease during the most recent ten years. For fish and blue mussels, BDE-47, -99, and -153 decreased at some sites and showed no trend at other sites. The concentration of HBCDD in fish and blue mussels showed inconsistent trends. The concentration of HBCDD is below the EQSbiota of 167 μg/kg wet weight for all fish species from all areas, while the concentration of BDE-47 alone is above the EQSbiota for sumPBDE of 0.0085 ng/g wet weight.PAHsOnly blue mussels have been examined for spatial differences in PAH concentrations. Concentration of ΣPAH was found to be higher from Kvädöfjärden in the Baltic Proper compared to stations at the West coast, but individual PAHs showed varying spatial patterns. Over time, acenaphthalene was rarely found above the detection limit. Significant decreasing trends were observed for ΣPAH, chrysene, fluoranthene and pyrene at Fjällbacka; for naphthalene at Kvädöfjärden; and for pyrene at Fladen.All time series where concentrations of various PAHs were compared with the target value based on OSPAR Ecological Assessment Criteria, or EC Environmental Quality Standards were below the target value.PFASsPFHxS and PFOS show a similar spatial pattern, but PFOS concentrations were approximately 25 times higher than PFHxS levels. The distribution of PFOS is quite homogenous along the Swedish coast but with somewhat higher concentrations in the Baltic Proper. PFOS concentrations in guillemot eggs are about 100-200 times higher than in herring liver. An overall increasing concentration of PFOS in guillemot eggs has been observed throughout the whole time period, however, during the most recent ten years, a change of direction is detected. The longer herring time series from Harufjärden, Landsort, and Utlängan show increasing concentrations for PFOS and most carboxylates. For FOSA, on the other hand, decreasing concentrations are seen during the most recent ten years.Organotin compoundsThe majority of the analysed tinorganic compounds showed concentrations below LOQ. However TBT and DPhT showed concentrations above LOQ at all stations with highest reported concentrations in fish from Örefjärden in the northern part of Bothnian Sea.
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| 19. |
- Bolyos, Elinor, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of process water through non-chemical methods: Removal of heavy metals and organic material
- 2001
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Linköping University, in collaboration with Ribea AB, has been studying the removal of heavy metals and organic matter from process water. Specifically, the product water from a metal-polishing company in Gamleby had Zn, Cu and particulate levels that were in excess of allowable limits. The objective of the work was to develop a process for removal of these metals and the particulates without the use of chemicals and to design and install an on-site facility for larger-scale tests. Additionally, a further goal was to generalise the findings such that metals and organic matter could be removed from other process waters.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Boström, Elisabeth Almer, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Salivary resistin reflects local inflammation in Sjögrens syndrome
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 35:10, s. 2005-2011
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of resistin in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and its relation to local inflammation. METHODS: Blood and saliva were collected from 37 patients with pSS (duration of symptoms 12.6+/-1 yrs) and 32 healthy controls. Expression of resistin in salivary glands was visualized immunohistologically, and levels of resistin were detected by ELISA. Levels of resistin were evaluated at baseline and following oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment (50 mg/day). The effect of DHEA treatment on the secretion of resistin was assessed in vitro in human leukocytes after challenge with insulin and lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS: Levels of resistin in saliva were significantly higher in patients with pSS than in controls, while circulating levels of resistin were similar in both groups. Resistin was expressed in the epithelial cells of striated ducts and in the lymphocytic foci. Resistin levels in saliva were related to the intensity of inflammation in the minor salivary glands of pSS patients. No changes of the levels of resistin in blood or saliva were observed during DHEA treatment. Exposure of naive leukocytes to DHEA in vitro induced significant expression of resistin compared to nonstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p=0.031). CONCLUSION: We showed that levels of resistin are upregulated locally in the salivary glands of patients with pSS; and that the levels of resistin correspond to the intensity of lymphocytic inflammation in patients with pSS. We suggest that resistin is expressed in the salivary glands of patients with pSS and may be a driving factor of local inflammation.
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| 22. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Kunskapsunderlag om möjliga icke-torskfiskerelaterade åtgärder för att torskbestånd ska bevaras och återhämta sig i svenska vatten
- 2020
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Torsk (Gadus morhua) är en viktig art för marina ekosystem i Sverige, där den har en strukturerande och reglerande funktion i relation till andra arter. Torsken har under historiens gång även spelat en viktig roll för samhället i Sverige inom dess nuvarande gränsers område (Bohuslän har t.ex. inte alltid tillhört Sverige), som en målart för fiske. Samtliga torskbestånd som återfinns i havsområdena runt Sverige har nu dålig status och det internationella havsforskningsrådet ICES rekommenderar låg eller ingen fångst, beroende på bestånd. Utöver riktat fiske påverkas dock torsken av en rad andra faktorer som exempelvis bifångster i annat fiske, syrebrist, klimatförändringar, predatorer, parasiter, bottenpåverkan av trålning, förlust av uppväxtmiljöer, födobrist, tiaminbrist och giftiga ämnen. Denna rapport diskuterar möjligheter att skydda och bevara torsken på sätt som kan komplettera begränsningar i det riktade torskfisket. Torskens situation är komplex och rapporten är därför skriven utifrån ett ekosystemperspektiv för att möjliggöra en bredare ansats i förvaltningen av torskbestånd i svenska vatten, där alla relevanta påverkansfaktorer bör beaktas. Det bör poängteras att denna rapport inte har gjort någon ny utredning av påverkansfaktorernas effekter, utan har istället gjort en litteratursammanställning och en kvalitativ analys. Vi har ändå valt att lyfta fram vissa åtgärder som särskilt potentiellt betydelsefulla - en samlad kvalitativ expertbedömning som rangordnar olika åtgärders effektivitet för återuppbyggnad per bestånd, se avsnitt 6 i rapporten.
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| 23. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Which factors can affect the productivity and dynamics of cod stocks in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 223
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stocks of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat and Skagerrak (N. Europe) have been strongly exploited for decades bringing them into an enduringly depleted status. Scientific cod stock related advice for targeted and mixed fisheries is provided on an annual basis by the International Council for Exploration of the Sea. This advice forms a basis for ministerial decisions on, e.g., the total allowable catch and management plans. Despite measures to reduce fishing-induced mortality of cod, such as catch and effort restrictions, increased gear selectivity, closed areas and seasons, clear signs of recovery are yet to be seen. Thus, traditional advice for the management of these stocks may have to be complemented by advice on supporting measures focusing on other pressures hampering the recovery of cod. The present study elaborates on potential supportive measures for cod stock recovery in the Baltic Sea, Kattegat, and Skagerrak (including local populations where applicable), based on current knowledge. The list of measures presented here is the outcome of in-depth discussions on the state-of-the-art knowledge, among cod experts and further with stakeholders with the aim to follow principles of ecosystem-based fisheries management. Following the identification of different pressures on and prerequisites for the separate stocks, the listed measures differ between stocks and include cod bycatch mortality reduction, alterations in fisheries affecting food sources for cod, restocking, protection of juvenile habitats, and reduced predation. The literature review and the list of measures are intended to provide decision-support for managers and policymakers aiming to provide conditions for the cod stocks to recover.
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| 24. |
- Brännström, Inger, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
-
Co-operation, participation and conflicts faced in public health : lessons learned from a long-term prevention programme in Sweden
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Health Education Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1153 .- 1465-3648. ; 9:3, s. 317-329
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive community-based programme for prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes was established in 1985 in a small municipality in northern Sweden. A cross-sectional survey to the general public was performed and semi-structured open-ended interviews were taken of actors at different levels. Notes from official records were also included in the study. The aim was to describe and discuss some factors that promote or constrain community participation in health programmes. The results generally confirmed that the right of definition concerning the health programme mainly remained with the health professionals. Community participation was mainly defined by the actors based on the medical and health planning approach and, thereby, as a means to transform health policy plans into reality by transmitting health knowledge and increasing consciousness among the citizens of the need for changing lifestyles. However, participation as a means of identifying problems and demonstrating power relationships and as elements in promoting local democracy was hardly represented among the actors at all. Overall, the CVD health programme was characterized by consensus between the actors. Despite this, debates and arguments about interpretations, social interests, personal conflicts and ideological constraints were observed. However, a majority of the public wanted the CVD preventive programme to continue.
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| 25. |
- Cano-Cebrian, Maria-Jose, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemotherapeutics Combined with Luminal Irritants : Effects on Small-Intestinal Mannitol Permeability and Villus Length in Rats
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 23:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemotherapy causes intestinal mucositis, which includes villous atrophy and altered mucosal barrier function. However, there is an uncertainty regarding how the reduced small-intestinal surface area affects the mucosal permeability of the small marker probe mannitol (MW 188), and how the mucosa responds to luminal irritants after chemotherapy. The aims in this study were to determine (i) the relationship between chemotherapy-induced villus atrophy and the intestinal permeability of mannitol and (ii) how the mucosa regulate this permeability in response to luminal ethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). This was investigated by treating rats with a single intraperitoneal dose of doxorubicin, irinotecan, or 5-fluorouracil. After 72 h, jejunum was single-pass perfused and mannitol permeability determined at baseline and after 15 min luminal exposure to 15% ethanol or 5 mg/mL SDS. Tissue samples for morphological analyses were sampled from the perfused segment. All three chemotherapeutics caused a similar 30% reduction in villus length. Mannitol permeability increased with irinotecan (1.3-fold) and 5-fluorouracil (2.5-fold) and was reduced with doxorubicin (0.5-fold), suggesting that it is not epithelial surface area alone that regulates intestinal permeability to mannitol. There was no additional increase in mannitol permeability induced by luminal ethanol or SDS in the chemotherapy-treated rats compared to controls, which may be related to the relatively high basal permeability of mannitol compared to other common low-permeability probes. We therefore suggest that future studies should focus on elucidating the complex interplay between chemotherapy in combination with luminal irritants on the intestinal permeability of other probes.
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| 26. |
- Chaplin, John, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
When Do Short Children Realize They Are Short? : Prepubertal Short Children's Perception of Height during 24 Months of Catch-Up Growth Hormone Treatment
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 77:4, s. 241-249
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To examine perceived height during the first 24 months of growth hormone (GH) treatment in short prepubertal children. Methods: Ninety-nine 3- to 11-year-old short prepubertal children with either isolated GH deficiency (n = 32) or idiopathic short stature (n = 67) participated in a 24-month randomized trial of individualized or fixed-dose GH treatment. Children's and parents' responses to three perceived height measures: relative height (Silhouette Apperception Test), sense of height (VAS short/tall), and judgment of appropriate height (yes/no) were compared to measured height. Results: Children and parents overestimated height at start (72%, 54%) and at 24 months (52%, 30%). Short children described themselves as tall until 8.2 years (girls) and 9 years (boys). Prior to treatment, 38% of children described their height as appropriate and at 3 months, 63%. Mother's height, parental sense of the child's tallness and age explained more variance in children's sense of tallness (34%) than measured height (0%). Conclusion: Short children and parents overestimate height; a pivotal age exists for comparative height judgments. Even a small gain in height may be enough for the child to feel an appropriate age-related height has been reached and to no longer feel short.
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| 27. |
- Dahlberg, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A new chemiluminescence paradox: selective inhibition of isoluminol-amplified activity in phagocytes by peptides from annexin AI.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Luminescence : the journal of biological and chemical luminescence. - : Wiley. - 1522-7243. ; 23:3, s. 139-43
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemiluminescence systems enhanced by either isoluminol or luminol in combination with a peroxidase are sensitive methods for the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by phagocyte NADPH oxidase. The two amplifying substrates are structurally very similar, differing only in the position of the amino group in the aromatic ring of the molecules. This difference renders isoluminol a less lipophilic molecule that is less permeable to biological membranes. The use of isoluminol is consequently restricted to studies dealing with the secretion of oxygen metabolites. In this study we show that synthetic peptides derived from the N-terminal domain of the calcium-regulated protein annexin AI interfere with the detection of radicals in an isoluminol-amplified, but not in a luminol-amplified, system. The annexin AI-derived peptides reduce the light output with isoluminol excited by superoxide and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine- and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated cells, as well as by hydrogen peroxide and HRP. The precise mechanism for the inhibition is not known. The results presented strongly suggest that a reduced cellular response detected with isoluminol-amplified chemiluminescence should be confirmed with an alternative technique to determine release of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Dahlgren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical Simulations of Nanogel Synthesis Using Pulsed Electron Beam
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Macromolecular Theory and Simulations. - : Wiley. - 1022-1344 .- 1521-3919. ; 29:1, s. 1900046-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, a new method for numerical simulation of the radiation chemistry of aqueous polymer solutions exposed to a sequence of electron pulses is presented. The numerical simulations are based on a deterministic approach encompassing the conventional homogeneous radiation chemistry of water as well as the chemistry of polymer radicals. The multitude of possible reactions in the macromolecular system is handled by allowing for a large number of macromolecular species. The speciation of macromolecular species is done to account for variations in molecular weight, number of alkyl radicals per chain, number of peroxyl radicals per chain, number of oxyl radicals per chain, and number of internal loops. As benchmarking, previously published results from a series of experiments on pulsed irradiation of aqueous poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) solutions are used. The numerical simulations clearly show that the pulsed nature of the radiation must be accounted for. The simulations qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed impact of initial gas saturation (air and N2O) and polymer concentration on the molecular chain length upon irradiation. The formation of double bonds as a function of dose as well as the impact of effective dose rate on the final chain length are also qualitatively reproduced in the simulations.
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| 31. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of Rat Intestinal Injury with a Drug Combination of Melatonin and Misoprostol
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 21:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A healthy intestinal barrier prevents uptake of allergens and toxins, whereas intestinal permeability increases following chemotherapy and in many gastrointestinal and systemic diseases and disorders. Currently, there are no approved drugs that target and repair the intestinal epithelial barrier while there is a medical need for such treatment in gastrointestinal and related conditions. The objective of this single-pass intestinal perfusion study in rats was to investigate the preventive cytoprotective effect of three mucosal protective drugs-melatonin, misoprostol, and teduglutide-with different mechanisms of action on an acute jejunal injury induced by exposing the intestine for 15 min to the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The effect was evaluated by monitoring intestinal clearance of Cr-51-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetate and intestinal histology before, during, and after luminal exposure to SDS. Our results showed that separate pharmacological pretreatments with luminal misoprostol and melatonin reduced acute SDS-induced intestinal injury by 47% and 58%, respectively, while their use in combination abolished this injury. This data supports further development of drug combinations for oral treatments of conditions and disorders related to a dysregulated or compromised mucosal epithelial barrier.
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| 32. |
- Dahlgren, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Regional Intestinal Drug Permeability and Effects of Permeation Enhancers in Rat
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI. - 1999-4923. ; 12:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sufficient colonic absorption is necessary for all systemically acting drugs in dosage forms that release the drug in the large intestine. Preclinically, colonic absorption is often investigated using the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model. This model can determine intestinal permeability based on luminal drug disappearance, as well as the effect of permeation enhancers on drug permeability. However, it is uncertain how accurate the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model predicts regional intestinal permeability and absorption in human. There is also a shortage of systematic in vivo investigations of the direct effect of permeation enhancers in the small and large intestine. In this rat single-pass intestinal perfusion study, the jejunal and colonic permeability of two low permeability drugs (atenolol and enalaprilat) and two high-permeability ones (ketoprofen and metoprolol) was determined based on plasma appearance. These values were compared to already available corresponding human data from a study conducted in our lab. The colonic effect of four permeation enhancers-sodium dodecyl sulfate, chitosan, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and caprate-on drug permeability and transport of chromium EDTA (an established clinical marker for intestinal barrier integrity) was determined. There was no difference in jejunal and colonic permeability determined from plasma appearance data of any of the four model drugs. This questions the validity of the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model for predicting human regional intestinal permeability. It was also shown that the effect of permeation enhancers on drug permeability in the colon was similar to previously reported data from the rat jejunum, whereas the transport of chromium EDTA was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the colon than in jejunum. Therefore, the use of permeation enhancers for increasing colonic drug permeability has greater risks than potential medical rewards, as indicated by the higher permeation of chromium EDTA compared to the drugs.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Dahlgren, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between gray-sided voles (Clethrionomys rufucanus) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), their main winter food plant
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 152:3, s. 525-532
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared the abundance, population structure and palatability of bilberry ramets on vole-free islands, islands with voles but no predators (predator-free islands) and mainland sites with both voles and predators. As expected, bilberry biomass was strongly correlated with the herbivory pressure exerted by the voles, since it was significantly lower on the mainland, and much (>80%) lower on the predator-free islands, than on the vole-free islands. However, another finding, which conflicts with hypotheses postulating that herbivory generally induces plant defenses, was that voles preferred ramets from predator-free islands. Bilberry plants were fairly tolerant to grazing since they compensated for some of the lost tissue by producing more new ramets. This response should promote stability in the plant–herbivore interaction by reducing the impact of past grazing on current food production and thus minimizing time delays in the interactions that could potentially generate population cycles.
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| 35. |
- Dahlgren, Johan P., et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinear relationships between vital rates and state variables in demographic models
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0012-9658 .- 1939-9170. ; 92:5, s. 1181-1187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To accurately estimate population dynamics and viability, structured population models account for among-individual differences in demographic parameters that are related to individual state. In the widely used matrix models, such differences are incorporated in terms of discrete state categories, whereas integral projection models (IPMs) use continuous state variables to avoid artificial classes. In IPMs, and sometimes also in matrix models, parameterization is based on regressions that do not always model nonlinear relationships between demographic parameters and state variables. We stress the importance of testing for nonlinearity and propose using restricted cubic splines in order to allow for a wide variety of relationships in regressions and demographic models. For the plant Borderea pyrenaica, we found that vital rate relationships with size and age were nonlinear and that the parameterization method had large effects on predicted population growth rates, lambda (linear IPM, 0.95; nonlinear IPMs, 1.00; matrix model, 0.96). Our results suggest that restricted cubic spline models are more reliable than linear or polynomial models. Because even weak nonlinearity in relationships between vital rates and state variables can have large effects on model predictions, we suggest that restricted cubic regression splines should be considered for parameterizing models of population dynamics whenever linearity cannot be assumed.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Dahlgren Sandberg, Annika, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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An analysis of reading and spelling abilities in children who use AAC: understanding a continuum of competence
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Augmentative and Alternative Communication. - 0743-4618. ; 26:3, s. 191-202
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The over-representation of reading and spelling difficulties in children with complex communication needs has been well documented. However, most of the studies reported have indicated that at least some children using Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) can achieve and demonstrate effective literacy skills, highlighting the heterogeneity of this group. This paper presents findings from a cross-linguistic study of 14 Swedish and 14 Irish children with cerebral palsy who use AAC, outlining their performance on a range of phonological awareness, reading and spelling tasks developed for the purposes of the study. All participants were referred to the study as functioning in the average range of intellectual ability. Of the 28 participants, 8 were classified as good readers, on the basis of their success on tasks involving connected text, while 10 presented with single word reading skills, and 10 were categorized as non-readers. This paper explores the similarities and differences within and across these groups, in terms of associated skills and experiences. While analyses of group data suggest some common abilities and difficulties, exploration of individual profiles highlights the heterogeneity of the profiles of the participants, suggesting a need for detailed individual assessment and interventions.
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| 41. |
- Dahlgren Sandberg, Annika, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Communication and development of theory of mind in children with severe speech and physical impairment
- 2004
-
Ingår i: In Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Conference of ISAAC, the International Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication. Natal, Brazil, CD-ROM.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from research on deaf children, who have acquired a sign language late in life, have revealed difficulties in the development of theory of mind, highlighting the role of communication in this development. From this perspective, the development of theory of mind in children with severe speech and physical impairments (SSPI) is most interesting. Findings from our research suggest that the children follow a normal pattern of development but with severe delay compared to children without disability. These results will be discussed in terms of early social and communicative experience as well as in terms of verbal ability and memory capacity.
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| 42. |
- Decker, Ralph, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Decreased GH dose after the catch-up growth period maintains metabolic outcome in short prepubertal children with and without classic GH deficiency
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Clinical endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 77:3, s. 407-15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Few studies have evaluated metabolic outcomes following growth hormone (GH) treatment in short prepubertal children during different periods of growth. Previously, we found that individualized GH dosing in the catch-up period reduced the variation in fasting insulin levels by 34% compared with those receiving a standard GH dose. We hypothesized that the GH dose required to maintain beneficial metabolic effects is lower during the prepubertal growth phase after an earlier catch-up growth period. DESIGN: Short prepubertal children with isolated GH deficiency or idiopathic short stature were randomized to individualized GH treatment (range, 17-100 mug/kg/day) or a standard dose in a preceding 2-year study. After achieving near mid-parental height(SDS) (,) children receiving an individualized dose were randomized to either a 50% reduced individualized dose (RID, n=28) or an unchanged individualized dose (UID, n=37) for 2 years. The dose remained unchanged in 33 children initially randomized to receive a standard dose (FIX, 43 mug/kg/day).We evaluated whether the variations in metabolic parameters measured during maintenance growth diminished in RID compared with UID or FIX. RESULTS: We observed less variation in fasting insulin levels (-50%), insulin sensitivity as assessed by homeostasis model assessment (-55.1%), lean soft tissue (-27.8%) and bone mineral content (-31.3%) in RID compared with UID (all p<0.05), but no differences compared with FIX. CONCLUSIONS: Continued individualized GH treatment after the catch-up growth period is safe and reduces hyperinsulinism. Individualized GH dose can be reduced once the desired height(SDS) is achieved to avoid overtreatment in terms of metabolic outcome.
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| 43. |
- Decker, Ralph, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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GH dose reduction maintains normal prepubertal height velocity after initial catch up growth in short children.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 104:3, s. 835-844
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- GH responsiveness guides GH dosing during the catch-up growth (CUG) period; however, little is known regarding GH dosing during the prepubertal maintenance treatment period.To evaluate if standard deviation score (SDS) channel parallel growth with normal height velocity can be maintained following CUG by reducing GH dose by 50% in children receiving doses individualized based on estimated GH-responsiveness during the catch-up period.and settings: Prepubertal children (n=98; 72 boys) receiving GH during CUG (GH-deficient (n=33); non-GH-deficient (n=65)), were randomized after 2-3 years to either a 50% reduced individualized (GHRID; n=27; 20 boys) or unchanged individualized dose (GHUID; n=38; 27 boys). Another 33 children (25 boys) continued on a standard weight-based dose, 43 µg/kg/day (GHFIX).The primary endpoint was the proportion of children with ΔheightSDS within ±0.3 at 1 year after GH-dose reduction, versus two control groups: GHUID and GHFIX. The hypothesis was that heightSDS could be maintained within ±0.3 with a reduced individualized GH dose.For the intention-to-treat population at 1 year, 85% of the GHRIDgroup maintained ΔheightSDS within ±0.3 versus 41% in the GHUIDgroup, p=0.0055 and 48% in the GHFIXgroup, p=0.0047. ΔIGF-ISDS in the GHRIDgroup was (mean±SD) -0.75±1.0 at 3 months, p=0.003 and at 1 year -0.72±1.2, compared to the GHUIDgroup 0.15±1.2, p=0.005, and for the GHFIXgroup 0.05±1.0, p=0.02.Channel parallel growth, i.e. normal height velocity, and IGFSDS levels within ±2 were maintained after completed CUG using a 50% lower individualized dose than used during the CUG period.
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| 44. |
- Decker, Ralph, 1968, et al.
(författare)
-
Individualized GH treatment reduces the variation in insulin levels and in body composition during the maintenance growth phase in prepubertal children
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Horm Res Paediatr. - 9783805598354 ; 2011:76 (suppl)
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies have evaluated the metabolic outcomes of growth hormone (GH) treatment in prepubertal short children during different growth phases. We have studied individualized GH treatment in the catch-up growth phase and found a reduction in variation of fasting insulin levels by 34% compared to unchanged standard dose. Thereafter, GH-treated children appear to need lower GH doses to maintain SDscore channel-parallel growth. The individualized approach using prediction models for estimation of GH responsiveness has the advantage of narrowing the range of growth response around mid-parental heights, avoiding too low or high GH doses. Methods: Short prepubertal children with either isolated GHD or ISS participated in a 2-year randomized trial of either individualized GH treatment (range, 17–100 μg/kg/day) or a unchanged (USD) standard dose. After achieving near mid-parental height, children with individualized dosage were randomized to either reduced individualized dose (RID, n=28) (i.e. 50% decreased dose) or unchanged individualized dose (UID, n=37) for 2 more years. The 33 children randomized to the USD (43 μg/kg/day) at start of treatment remained unchanged. Objective and hypotheses: To evaluate if bisection of the reduced individualized GH dose (RID) diminishes the variation in the metabolic parameters measured during maintenance growth compared to reduced individualized GH dose. Hypothesis: Reduction of GH dosage reduces the range of metabolic outcomes without decreasing growth velocity during the maintenance growth phase. Results: : We observed a narrower variation in fasting insulin levels (-50%) and in insulin sensitivity as assessed by homoeostasis model assessment, HOMA (-55.1%), lean soft tissue, LST (-27.8%) and bone mineral content, BMC (-31.3%), in RID compared to UID (p<0.05).
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| 45. |
- Dellenmark-Blom, Maria, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Family screening for neurodevelopmental problems and its associations with child cognitive function enable tailored treatment for childhood obesity
- 2024
-
Ingår i: ACTA PAEDIATRICA. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children with obesity, and investigate associations to cognitive functions as well as parents' self-reported neurodevelopmental problems. Methods: Eighty children were included at two outpatient obesity clinics in Sweden 2018-2019. Of these, 50 children without previously diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders were screened, and so were their parents. Children who screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems were referred to a specialised psychiatry unit for further diagnosis. Test results of cognitive functioning were compared with the norm and between study groups by neurodevelopmental diagnoses. Results: Of the screened families, 17/50 children were diagnosed by the psychiatric unit with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 15/82 parents screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems. Having a mother who screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems was associated with child ADHD (p < 0.05). The children's full-scale intelligence quotient (92.86 +/- 12.01, p < 0.001) and working memory index (90.62 +/- 12.17, p < 0.001) were lower than the norm. Working memory index was lower in children with ADHD compared to without ADHD: 84.76 +/- 9.58 versus 94.09 +/- 12.29 (p <= 0.01). Executive constraints were associated with verbal deviances. Conclusion: Increased awareness is needed about the overlap between neurodevelopmental problems and obesity in obesity clinics.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Dellenmark-Blom, Maria, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Neurodevelopmental disorders in children seeking obesity treatment- associations with intellectual ability and psychiatric conditions
- 2024
-
Ingår i: FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY. - 1664-0640. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive deficits are commonly seen in children with obesity; however, little is known about the overlap between these conditions. This study aimed to examine the undiagnosed and diagnosed frequency of NDDs and explore its association with psychiatric conditions and general intellectual ability (IQ) in children presenting for obesity treatment.Methods In this observational study at two outpatient obesity clinics during 2018-2019, 80 children (8-17 years) were consecutively recruited, and screened for NDD unless already diagnosed with an NDD. A psychiatric unit evaluated children who screened positive for NDD. Diagnoses and clinical background factors were collected from medical records. IQ was assessed with the Weschler Intelligence Scales and internalizing symptoms were assessed using the Beck Youth Inventories. Associations between background factors, IQ and internalizing symptoms were explored in relation to having an NDD or not.Results We found that 47/80 children had at least one NDD. Children with a diagnosed NDD before study start (n = 30) had significantly more comorbidities than children diagnosed after the study screening (n = 17) (P = .01). Greater cognitive impairment was seen in children with NDD compared with children without an NDD (P = .01). Also, 33/73 participants self-reported substantial internalizing symptoms. At follow-up, 21/79 participants, in addition to NDD, had been diagnosed with another psychiatric disorder. Ten of these were children that had been diagnosed with an NDD before study start.Conclusion The overlap between NDD, cognitive deficits and psychiatric conditions in children with obesity is an important consideration for clinical practice. Screening for these conditions may be necessary when providing targeted interventions.
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- Eklöf, Johan, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of grazing intensity and frequency for physiological responses of the tropical seagrass Thalassia hemprichii
- 2008
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Ingår i: Aquatic Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3770. ; 89, s. 337-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seagrass grazing is an intrinsic disturbance in primarily tropical and subtropical areas. While there is a general parabolic response in seagrass growth to grazing intensity, there is less knowledge on the role of grazing frequency, as well as potential interactions between grazing intensity and frequency. This study experimentally investigated physiological responses in Thalassia hemprichii to simulated (leaf cutting) grazing regimes with different intensities (25% vs. 75%) and frequencies (I times vs. 3 times) over 35 days in Chwaka Bay (Zanzibar, Tanzania). The results showed that the two high-intensity treatments (75% removal) had 37-41% lower growth rate than the low-intensity/low-frequency treatment, and rhizome sugar and starch content were both affected in a similar way. A 36% lower starch content in the simulated low-intensity/high-frequency regime (25% x 3) compared to the one of low-intensity/low-frequency (25% x I) also shows an interaction between grazing intensity and frequency. This suggests that high-intensity (and to some extent frequency) grazing regimes, in comparison to low-intensity regimes, could negatively affect T. hemprichii growth, energy reserves, and thereby the ability to deal with additional stress like light limitation or grazing. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 50. |
- Ekvall, S., et al.
(författare)
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Mutation in NRAS in familial Noonan syndrome - case report and review of the literature
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bmc Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Noonan syndrome (NS), a heterogeneous developmental disorder associated with variable clinical expression including short stature, congenital heart defect, unusual pectus deformity and typical facial features, is caused by activating mutations in genes involved in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. Case presentation: Here, we present a clinical and molecular characterization of a small family with Noonan syndrome. Comprehensive mutation analysis of NF1, PTPN11, SOS1, CBL, BRAF, RAF1, SHOC2, MAP2K2, MAP2K1, SPRED1, NRAS, HRAS and KRAS was performed using targeted next-generation sequencing. The result revealed a recurrent mutation in NRAS, c.179G > A (p.G60E), in the index patient. This mutation was inherited from the index patient's father, who also showed signs of NS. Conclusions: We describe clinical features in this family and review the literature for genotype-phenotype correlations for NS patients with mutations in NRAS. Neither of affected individuals in this family presented with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), which together with previously published results suggest that the risk for NS individuals with a germline NRAS mutation developing JMML is not different from the proportion seen in other NS cases. Interestingly, 50 % of NS individuals with an NRAS mutation (including our family) present with lentigines and/or Cafe-au-lait spots. This demonstrates a predisposition to hyperpigmented lesions in NRAS-positive NS individuals. In addition, the affected father in our family presented with a hearing deficit since birth, which together with lentigines are two characteristics of NS with multiple lentigines (previously LEOPARD syndrome), supporting the difficulties in diagnosing individuals with RASopathies correctly. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity observed in RASopathies is a challenge for genetic testing. However, next-generation sequencing technology, which allows screening of a large number of genes simultaneously, will facilitate an early and accurate diagnosis of patients with RASopathies.
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