| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hokken-Koelega, A. C. S., et al.
(författare)
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International Consensus Guideline on Small for Gestational Age: Etiology and Management From Infancy to Early Adulthood
- 2023
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Ingår i: Endocrine Reviews. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0163-769X .- 1945-7189. ; 44:3, s. 539-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This International Consensus Guideline was developed by experts in the field of small for gestational age (SGA) of 10 pediatric endocrine societies worldwide. A consensus meeting was held and 1300 articles formed the basis for discussions. All experts voted about the strengths of the recommendations. The guideline gives new and clinically relevant insights into the etiology of short stature after SGA birth, including novel knowledge about (epi)genetic causes. Further, it presents long-term consequences of SGA birth and also reviews new treatment options, including treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in addition to growth hormone (GH) treatment, as well as the metabolic and cardiovascular health of young adults born SGA after cessation of childhood GH treatment in comparison with appropriate control groups. To diagnose SGA, accurate anthropometry and use of national growth charts are recommended. Follow-up in early life is warranted and neurodevelopment evaluation in those at risk. Excessive postnatal weight gain should be avoided, as this is associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic health profile in adulthood. Children born SGA with persistent short stature < -2.5 SDS at age 2 years or < -2 SDS at 3 to 4 years of age, should be referred for diagnostic workup. In case of dysmorphic features, major malformations, microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or signs of skeletal dysplasia, genetic testing should be considered. Treatment with 0.033 to 0.067 mg GH/kg/day is recommended in case of persistent short stature at age of 3 to 4 years. Adding GnRHa treatment could be considered when short adult height is expected at pubertal onset. All young adults born SGA require counseling to adopt a healthy lifestyle.
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| 4. |
- van der Plas, F., et al.
(författare)
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Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 21:1, s. 31-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade-offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation/recreation. We found that trade-offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for win-win' forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8-49.8% below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests.
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| 5. |
- Akimov, D., et al.
(författare)
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Physics with WASA and PROMICE
- 1994
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Ingår i: Physics with GeV-particle beams, Juelich 1994. ; , s. 519-530
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Glover, AG, et al.
(författare)
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The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone
- 2016
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Ingår i: Research Ideas and Outcomes. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 2367-7163. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Recent years have seen a rapid increase in survey and sampling expeditions to the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) abyssal plain, a vast area of the central Pacific that is currently being actively explored for deep-sea minerals (ISA, 2016). Critical to the development of evidence-based environmental policy in the CCZ are data on the biogeography and connectivity of species at a CCZ-regional level. New information The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the CCZ was convened to support the integration and synthesis of data from European Union (EU) CCZ projects, supported by the EU Managing Impacts of Deep-Sea Resource Exploitation (MIDAS) and EU Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans (JPI Oceans) projects. The London Workshop had three clear goals: (1) To explore, review and synthesise the latest molecular biogeography and connectivity data from across recent CCZ cruises from both contractor and academia-funded projects; (2) To develop complementary and collaborative institutional and program-based academic publication plans to avoid duplication of effort and ensure maximum collaborative impact; (3) To plan a joint synthetic data publication highlighting key results from a range of planned molecular biogeography/connectivity publications. 32 participants attended the workshop at the Natural History Museum in London from 10-12 May 2016. Presentations and discussions are summarised in this report covering (1) overviews of current CCZ environmental projects, (2) policy and industry perspectives, (3) synthesis of DNA taxonomy and biogeography studies, (4) summaries of the latest population genetic studies, (5) summaries of the latest broader morphological context, (6) an overview of publication and proposal plans to maximise collaborative opportunities and finally a series of workshop recommendations.
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| 7. |
- Kambach, S., et al.
(författare)
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How do trees respond to species mixing in experimental compared to observational studies?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 9:19, s. 11254-11265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For decades, ecologists have investigated the effects of tree species diversity on tree productivity at different scales and with different approaches ranging from observational to experimental study designs. Using data from five European national forest inventories (16,773 plots), six tree species diversity experiments (584 plots), and six networks of comparative plots (169 plots), we tested whether tree species growth responses to species mixing are consistent and therefore transferrable between those different research approaches. Our results confirm the general positive effect of tree species mixing on species growth (16% on average) but we found no consistency in species-specific responses to mixing between any of the three approaches, even after restricting comparisons to only those plots that shared similar mixtures compositions and forest types. These findings highlight the necessity to consider results from different research approaches when selecting species mixtures that should maximize positive forest biodiversity and functioning relationships.
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| 8. |
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Highlights from the first year of Odin observations
- 2003
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402, s. L39-L46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Key Odin operational and instrumental features and highlights from our sub-millimetre and millimetre wave observations of H2O, H218O, NH3, 15NH3 and O2 are presented, with some insights into accompanying Odin Letters in this A&A issue. We focus on new results where Odin's high angular resolution, high frequency resolution, large spectrometer bandwidths, high sensitivity or/and frequency tuning capability are crucial: H2O mapping of the Orion KL, W3, DR21, S140 regions, and four comets; H2O observations of Galactic Centre sources, of shock enhanced H2O towards the SNR IC443, and of the candidate infall source IRAS 16293-2422; H218O detections in Orion KL and in comet Ikeya-Zhang; sub-mm detections of NH3 in Orion KL (outflow, ambient cloud and bar) and ρ Oph, and very recently, of 15NH3 in~Orion KL. Simultaneous sensitive searches for the 119 GHz line of O2 have resulted in very low abundance limits, which are difficult to accomodate in chemical models. We also demonstrate, by means of a quantitative comparison of Orion KL H2O results, that the Odin and SWAS observational data sets are very consistently calibrated. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB), the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the National Technology Agency of Finland (Tekes), and the Centre National d'études Spatiales (CNES, France). The Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) has been the prime industrial contractor, and is also responsible for the satellite operation from its Odin Mission Control Centre at SSC in Solna and its Odin Control Centre at ESRANGE near Kiruna in northern Sweden. See also the SNSB Odin web page: http://www.snsb.se/eng_odin_intro.shtml
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Wit, J M., et al.
(författare)
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Personalized Approach to Growth Hormone Treatment: Clinical Use of Growth Prediction Models
- 2013
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Ingår i: Hormone Research in Paediatrics. - : Karger. - 1663-2818 .- 1663-2826. ; 79:5, s. 257-270
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The goal of growth hormone (GH) treatment in a short child is to attain a fast catch-up growth toward the target height (TH) standard deviation score (SDS), followed by a maintenance phase, a proper pubertal height gain, and an adult height close to TH. The short-term response variable of GH treatment, first-year height velocity (HV) (cm/year or change in height SDS), can either be compared with GH response charts for diagnosis, age and gender, or with predicted HV based on prediction models. Three types of prediction models have been described: the Kabi International Growth Hormone Study models, the Gothenburg models and the Cologne model. With these models, 50-80% of the variance could be explained. When used prospectively, individualized dosing reduces the variation in growth response in comparison with a fixed dose per body weight. Insulin-like growth factor-I-based dose titration also led to a decrease in the variation. It is uncertain whether adding biochemical, genetic or proteomic markers may improve the accuracy of the prediction. Prediction models may lead to a more evidence-based approach to determine the GH dose regimen and may reduce the drug costs for GH treatment. There is a need for user-friendly software programs to make prediction models easily available in the clinic.
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| 11. |
- Bilger, R, et al.
(författare)
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CELSIUS as an eta factory
- 1997
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS A. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0375-9474. ; 626:1-2, s. 93C-96C
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The WASA project at the CELSIUS storage ring is being prepared for high-luminosity experiments to study rare decays of light mesons, in particular the eta meson. The CELSIUS ring together with the newly developed pellet target will serve as an efficient e
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| 12. |
- Boguszewski, M. C. S., et al.
(författare)
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Near-Adult Height After Growth Hormone Treatment in Children Born Prematurely-Data From KIGS
- 2020
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Ingår i: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Children born prematurely have been treated with growth hormone (GH), and a significant improvement in height during the first years of treatment has been described. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of prematurity on near-adult height (NAH) after GH treatment. DESIGN: KIGS (Pfizer International Growth Database) was queried for children born preterm treated with GH. SETTING: KIGS database. PATIENTS: A total of 586 children short in stature born preterm with various GH status and with available gestational age (GA), birth weight, and NAH, all treated with GH. INTERVENTION: GH treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: NAH. RESULTS: Values were expressed as median. From the 586 children included, 482 born appropriate for GA (AGA; median age 8.26 years) and 104 born small for gestational age (SGA) (median age 8.54 years); 66.6% of preterm AGA had GH peak < 7 microg/L during a provocation test, whereas only 8.6% of preterm SGA. Change in height standard deviation scores (SDS) from GH start to NAH after 8.04 years of GH treatment was 1.82 in preterm AGA. Respective values were 7.08 years and 1.08 SDS for preterm SGA (P < 0.001); 57% of the variability of the growth response to NAH could be explained, and the distance to parental height was the strongest predictor. No significant changes in height SDS were observed from puberty start to NAH. No correlation was found with GA. GH treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: GH treatment resulted in significant improvement in height in children born preterm, particularly during prepubertal years and for those with GH deficiency. The degree of prematurity did not influence the growth response.
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| 13. |
- Danise, S., et al.
(författare)
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Molluscs from a shallow-water whale-fall and their affinities with adjacent benthic communities on the Swedish west coast
- 2014
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Ingår i: Marine Biology Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-1000 .- 1745-1019. ; 10:1, s. 3-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a species-level study of molluscs associated with a 5-m long carcass of a minke whale at a depth of 125 m in the Kosterfjord (North Sea, Sweden). The whale-fall community was quantitatively compared with the community commonly living in the surrounding soft-bottom sediments. Five years after the deployment of the dead whale at the sea floor, the sediments around the carcass were dominated by the bivalve Thyasira sarsi, which is known to contain endosymbiotic sulphur-oxidizing bacteria, while background sediments were dominated by another thyasirid, T. equalis, less dependent on chemosynthesis for its nutrition. The Kosterfjord samples were further compared at the species level with mollusc abundance data derived from the literature, including samples from different marine settings of the west coast of Sweden (active methane seep, fjords, coastal and open marine environments). The results show high similarity between the Kosterfjord whale-fall community and the community that developed in one of the Swedish fjords (Gullmar Fjord) during hypoxic conditions. This study indicates that at shallow-water whale-falls, the sulphophilic stage of the ecological succession is characterized by generalist chemosynthetic bivalves commonly living in organic-rich, sulphidic environments.
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| 14. |
- Darvish, Bijan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Management of accidental dural puncture and post-dural puncture headache after labour : a Nordic survey
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : The Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Foundation. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 55:1, s. 46-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A major risk with epidural analgesia is accidental dural puncture (ADP), which may result in post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). This survey was conducted to explore the incidence of ADP, the policy for management of PDPH and the educational practices in epidural analgesia during labour in the Nordic countries.Methods: A postal questionnaire was sent to the anaesthesiologist responsible for Obstetric anaesthesia service in all maternity units (n=153) with questions relating to the year 2008.Results: The overall response rate was 93%. About 32% (22-47%) of parturients received epidural analgesia for labour. There were databases for registering obstetric epidural complications in 13% of Danish, 24% of Norwegian and Swedish, 43% of Finnish and 100% of hospitals in Iceland. The estimated incidence of ADP was 1% (n approximate to 900). Epidural blood patch (EBP) was performed in 86% (n approximate to 780) of the parturients. The most common time interval from diagnosis to performing EBP was 24-48 h. The success rate for EBP was > 75% in 67% (62-79%) of hospitals. The use of diagnostic CT/MRI before the first or the second EBP was exceptional. No major complication was reported. Teaching of epidurals was commonest (86%) in the non-obstetric population and 53% hospitals desired a formal training programme in obstetric analgesia.Conclusion: We found the incidence of ADP to be approximately 1%. EBP was the commonest method used for its management, and the success rate was high in most hospitals. Formal training in epidural analgesia was absent in most countries and trainees first performed it in the non-obstetric population.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Fowler, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental benefits of leaving offshore infrastructure in the ocean
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 1540-9295. ; 16:10, s. 571-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The removal of thousands of structures associated with oil and gas development from the world's oceans is well underway, yet the environmental impacts of this decommissioning practice remain unknown. Similar impacts will be associated with the eventual removal of offshore wind turbines. We conducted a global survey of environmental experts to guide best decommissioning practices in the North Sea, a region with a substantial removal burden. In contrast to current regulations, 94.7% of experts (36 out of 38) agreed that a more flexible case-by-case approach to decommissioning could benefit the North Sea environment. Partial removal options were considered to deliver better environmental outcomes than complete removal for platforms, but both approaches were equally supported for wind turbines. Key considerations identified for decommissioning were biodiversity enhancement, provision of reef habitat, and protection from bottom trawling, all of which are negatively affected by complete removal. We provide recommendations to guide the revision of offshore decommissioning policy, including a temporary suspension of obligatory removal.
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| 17. |
- Frisk, U., et al.
(författare)
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The Odin satellite - I. Radiometer design and test
- 2003
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 402:3, s. L27-L34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sub-millimetre and Millimetre Radiometer (SMR) is the main instrument on the Swedish, Canadian, Finnish and French spacecraft Odin. It consists of a 1.1 metre diameter telescope with four tuneable heterodyne receivers covering the ranges 486-504 GHz and 541-581 GHz, and one fixed at 118.75 GHz together with backends that provide spectral resolution from 150 kHz to 1 MHz. This Letter describes the Odin radiometer, its operation and performance with the data processing and calibration described in Paper II.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- LAGERKVIST, CI, et al.
(författare)
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PHYSICAL STUDIES OF ASTEROIDS .29. PHOTOMETRY AND ANALYSIS OF 27 ASTEROIDS
- 1995
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Ingår i: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES. - : EDITIONS PHYSIQUE. - 0365-0138. ; 113:1, s. 115-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper photometry and analysis of 27 asteroids are presented. For the asteroids 21 Lutetia, 23 Thalia, 250 Bettina and 135 Hertha spin vector determinations were made. For asteroid 99 Dike we derived a rotation period of 10.35 hours and for 1280 Ba
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| 20. |
- Lim, S. C., et al.
(författare)
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A new genus and species of abyssal sponge commonly encrusting polymetallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, East Pacific Ocean
- 2017
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Ingår i: Systematics and Biodiversity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-2000 .- 1478-0933. ; 15:6, s. 507-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the East Pacific is a vast region targeted for deep-sea mineral exploration, for which there are almost no published taxonomic data. Here we describe Plenaster craigi gen. nov. sp. nov. from depths of similar to 4000 m in the eastern CCZ polymetallic nodule province. Despite over 40 years of intense exploration in the area, we reveal that P. craigi sp. nov. is the most abundant sponge and the most common metazoan encrusting on nodules in our study area at the eastern CCZ. It has a mean abundance of 15.3 +/- 8.9 individuals per m 2 across 11 stations in a 30 x 30 km study site nested within the Singapore exploration area. The white encrusting sponge is filled with spheroxyasters with occasional styles protruding the surface. Plenaster craigi sp. nov. is morphologically similar to genera from three different families in two orders: Timea (Timeidae; Tethyida); Hemiasterella and Leptosastra (Hemiasterellidae; Tethyida); and Paratimea (Stelligeridae; Axinellida). However, based on the molecular (COI and 28S) phylogenetic trees generated in this study, P. craigi sp. nov. was located in the Order Axinellida and appeared to be distant to Timea, Hemiasterella, Leptosastra, and Paratimea. We propose a new genus for our material to be placed provisionally in the family Stelligeridae, as it is the only family in the order Axinellida whose members possess euasters. This provisional placement may change when sequences of the type specimens of these genera and advanced phylogenetic reconstruction methods become available in the future. However, we have shown clearly that Plenaster gen. nov. is unique and distinct from all currently known taxa. Plenaster craigi sp. nov. being an abundant metazoan encrusting on nodule and easily identified filter-feeding animal is a potentially indicator species for future mining impacts in the eastern CCZ, and possibly across the entire CCZ.
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| 21. |
- Schebb, N. H., et al.
(författare)
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Formation, Signaling and Occurrence of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators-What is the Evidence so far?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) such as lipoxins or resolvins usually involves arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO, ALOX5) and different types of arachidonic acid 12- and 15-lipoxygenating paralogues (15-LO1, ALOX15; 15-LO2, ALOX15B; 12-LO, ALOX12). Typically, SPMs are thought to be formed via consecutive steps of oxidation of polyenoic fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid. One hallmark of SPM formation is that reported levels of these lipid mediators are much lower than typical pro-inflammatory mediators including the monohydroxylated fatty acid derivatives (e.g., 5-HETE), leukotrienes or certain cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins. Thus, reliable detection and quantification of these metabolites is challenging. This paper is aimed at critically evaluating i) the proposed biosynthetic pathways of SPM formation, ii) the current knowledge on SPM receptors and their signaling cascades and iii) the analytical methods used to quantify these pro-resolving mediators in the context of their instability and their low concentrations. Based on current literature it can be concluded that i) there is at most, a low biosynthetic capacity for SPMs in human leukocytes. ii) The identity and the signaling of the proposed G-protein-coupled SPM receptors have not been supported by studies in knock-out mice and remain to be validated. iii) In humans, SPM levels were neither related to dietary supplementation with their omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors nor were they formed during the resolution phase of an evoked inflammatory response. iv) The reported low SPM levels cannot be reliably quantified by means of the most commonly reported methodology. Overall, these questions regarding formation, signaling and occurrence of SPMs challenge their role as endogenous mediators of the resolution of inflammation.
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| 22. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of bariatric surgery on cancer incidence in obese patients in Sweden (Swedish Obese Subjects Study): a prospective, controlled intervention trial.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The lancet oncology. - 1474-5488. ; 10:7, s. 653-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Intentional weight loss in the obese might protect against malignancy, but evidence is limited. To our knowledge, the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study is the first intervention trial in the obese population to provide prospective, controlled cancer-incidence data. METHODS: The SOS study started in 1987 and involved 2010 obese patients (body-mass index [BMI] >or=34 kg/m(2) in men, and >or=38 kg/m(2) in women) who underwent bariatric surgery and 2037 contemporaneously matched obese controls, who received conventional treatment. While the main endpoint of SOS was overall mortality, the main outcome of this exploratory report was cancer incidence until Dec 31, 2005. Cancer follow-up rate was 99.9% and the median follow-up time was 10.9 years (range 0-18.1 years). FINDINGS: Bariatric surgery resulted in a sustained mean weight reduction of 19.9 kg (SD 15.6 kg) over 10 years, whereas the mean weight change in controls was a gain of 1.3 kg (SD 13.7 kg). The number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=117) than in the control group (n=169; HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.85, p=0.0009). The sex-treatment interaction p value was 0.054. In women, the number of first-time cancers after inclusion was lower in the surgery group (n=79) than in the control group (n=130; HR 0.58, 0.44-0.77; p=0.0001), whereas there was no effect of surgery in men (38 in the surgery group vs 39 in the control group; HR 0.97, 0.62-1.52; p=0.90). Similar results were obtained after exclusion of all cancer cases during the first 3 years of the intervention. INTERPRETATION: Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced cancer incidence in obese women but not in obese men. FUNDING: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Swedish Federal Government under the LUA/ALF agreement, Hoffmann La Roche, Cederoths, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Ethicon Endosurgery.
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| 23. |
- Sjöström, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406. ; 357:8, s. 741-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased mortality. Weight loss improves cardiovascular risk factors, but no prospective interventional studies have reported whether weight loss decreases overall mortality. In fact, many observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased mortality. METHODS: The prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects study involved 4047 obese subjects. Of these subjects, 2010 underwent bariatric surgery (surgery group) and 2037 received conventional treatment (matched control group). We report on overall mortality during an average of 10.9 years of follow-up. At the time of the analysis (November 1, 2005), vital status was known for all but three subjects (follow-up rate, 99.9%). RESULTS: The average weight change in control subjects was less than +/-2% during the period of up to 15 years during which weights were recorded. Maximum weight losses in the surgical subgroups were observed after 1 to 2 years: gastric bypass, 32%; vertical-banded gastroplasty, 25%; and banding, 20%. After 10 years, the weight losses from baseline were stabilized at 25%, 16%, and 14%, respectively. There were 129 deaths in the control group and 101 deaths in the surgery group. The unadjusted overall hazard ratio was 0.76 in the surgery group (P=0.04), as compared with the control group, and the hazard ratio adjusted for sex, age, and risk factors was 0.71 (P=0.01). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (control group, 25 subjects; surgery group, 13 subjects) and cancer (control group, 47; surgery group, 29). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss and decreased overall mortality.
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| 24. |
- Abrandt Dahlgren, M., et al.
(författare)
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Why This Book?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Interprofessional Simulation in Health Care. Professional and Practice-based Learning, vol 26. Abrandt Dahlgren M., Rystedt H., Felländer-Tsai L., Nyström S. (eds). - Cham : Springer. - 2210-5549. - 9783030195410 ; , s. 3-8
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The introductory chapter provides a backdrop to and problematization of simulation as a pedagogical technology for interprofessional learning in health care education and practice. The chapter also discusses the relation to the changing views on professional learning and the current discourses on the increasing complexity of future health care. The dominating scientific, technical rationalities of professional practice as simply the application of theoretical knowledge, possessed by individuals, are being challenged. Recent theorizations of practice instead suggest alternative views of knowledge as being embodied and relational, intertwined with ethical reasoning and materiality. There is a global call for health care education reform and interprofessional learning to resolve patient safety issues. However, there is a lack of research with a particular view on interprofessional simulation, and hence a need of scrutiny and development the pedagogy for simulation practice. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 25. |
- Alexander, Stephen P. H., et al.
(författare)
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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: G protein-coupled receptors
- 2023
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Ingår i: BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY. - : British pharmacological society. - 0007-1188 .- 1476-5381. ; 180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at . G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 26. |
- Andersson, S.-O., et al.
(författare)
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The criteria nurses use in assessing acute trauma in military emergency care
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Accident and Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-2302 .- 1532-9267. ; 15:3, s. 148-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emergency medical care for seriously injured patients in war or warlike situations is highly important when it comes to soldiers' survival and morale. The Swedish Armed Forces sends nurses, who have limited experience of caring for injured personnel in the field, on a variety of international missions. The aim of this investigation was to identify the kind of criteria nurses rely on when assessing acute trauma and what factors are affecting the emergency care of injured soldiers. A phenomenographic research approach based on interviews was used. The database for the study consists of twelve nurses who served in Bosnia in 1994-1996. The criteria nurses rely on, when assessing acute trauma in emergency care, could be described in terms of domain-specific criteria such as a physiological, an anatomical, a causal and a holistic approach as well as contextual criteria such as being able to communicate, having a sense of belonging, the military environment, the conscript medical orderly and familiarity with health-caring activity. The present study shows that the specific contextual factors affecting emergency care in the field must also be practised before the nurse faces military emergency care situations. This calls for realistic exercises and training programs, where experience from civilian emergency care is interwoven with the knowledge specific to military medical care. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 27. |
- Anderung, C., et al.
(författare)
-
A Swedish subfossil find of a bowhead whale from the late Pleistocene: shore displacement, paleoecology in south-west Sweden and the identity of the Swedenborg whale (Balaena swedenborgii Liljeborg, 1867)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Historical Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-2963 .- 1029-2381. ; 26:1, s. 58-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedenborg whale Balaena swedenborgii Liljeborg, 1867, is a baleen whale species believed to have existed in the North Sea from the period when the inland ice melted around 13,000 before present (BP) until about 8000 years ago. The first bones attributed to this species were found in Sweden in 1705. When whale remains were discovered on the Swedish west coast during the extension work of a motorway extension, it was speculated that this could be a specimen of the extinct Swedenborg whale. The bones were found 72m above the present-day sea level embedded in glacial mud. Shelly remains of marine organisms were present in the deposit surrounding the whale-fall, and sediments with the associated specimens were therefore collected for further analyses. We applied radiocarbon dating, thin sectioning, morphological analyses, ancient DNA typing and analyses of the associated shelly assemblage in an interdisciplinary effort to understand the circumstances of this fossil whale-fall. Our results show that the whale is not the putative species B. swedenborgii, but a bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus. The results also indicate that the whale must have been rapidly covered by glacial sediments, highlighting the speed of the deglacial process in the area.
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| 28. |
- André, Carl, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Detecting population structure in a high gene-flow species, Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) : direct, simultaneous evaluation of neutral vs putatively selected loci
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Heredity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-067X .- 1365-2540. ; 106:2, s. 270-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many marine fish species, genetic population structure is typically weak because populations are large, evolutionarily young and have a high potential for gene flow. We tested whether genetic markers influenced by natural selection are more efficient than the presumed neutral genetic markers to detect population structure in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), a migratory pelagic species with large effective population sizes. We compared the spatial and temporal patterns of divergence and statistical power of three traditional genetic marker types, microsatellites, allozymes and mitochondrial DNA, with one microsatellite locus, Cpa112, previously shown to be influenced by divergent selection associated with salinity, and one locus located in the major histocompatibility complex class IIA (MHC-IIA) gene, using the same individuals across analyses. Samples were collected in 2002 and 2003 at two locations in the North Sea, one location in the Skagerrak and one location in the low-saline Baltic Sea. Levels of divergence for putatively neutral markers were generally low, with the exception of single outlier locus/sample combinations; microsatellites were the most statistically powerful markers under neutral expectations. We found no evidence of selection acting on the MHC locus. Cpa112, however, was highly divergent in the Baltic samples. Simulations addressing the statistical power for detecting population divergence showed that when using Cpa112 alone, compared with using eight presumed neutral microsatellite loci, sample sizes could be reduced by up to a tenth while still retaining high statistical power. Our results show that the loci influenced by selection can serve as powerful markers for detecting population structure in high gene-flow marine fish species.
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| 29. |
- Barrenäs, Marie-Louise, 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
The association between short stature and sensorineural hearing loss
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Hear Res. ; 205:1-2, s. 123-30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to test the Thrifty Phenotype Hypothesis on hearing, data from two cross-sectional studies on hearing were re-evaluated. The data sets comprised 500 18-year-old conscripts, and 483 noise-exposed male employees. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was over-represented among conscripts with a short stature (odds ratio=2.2) or hearing loss in the family (odds ration=4.2), but not among noise-exposed conscripts (odds ratio=0.9-1.3). Among noise-exposed short employees, hypertension and age exhibited a negative impact on high frequency hearing thresholds, while among tall employees hypertension had no effect on hearing and the influence of age was less pronounced (p<0.01 for body height; p<0.02 for age, hypertension and the interaction between body height and hypertension; p<0.05 for the interaction between body height and age). This suggests that mechanisms linked to fetal programming and growth retardation and/or insulin-like growth factor 1 levels during fetal life, such as a delayed cell cycle during the time window when the cochlea develops, may cause SNHL in adulthood.
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| 30. |
- Beamish, A. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in adipose tissue distribution and relation to cardiometabolic risk factors after Roux-en-Y in adolescents
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 1550-7289 .- 1878-7533. ; 19:10, s. 1154-1161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) among adolescents with obesity results in signif-icant weight loss; however, depot-specific changes have been understudied.Objective: We hypothesized that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) reduction in adolescents undergoing RYGB would be greater than other depots and associated with improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors.Setting: Three specialized treatment centers in Sweden. Methods: Fifty-nine adolescents underwent dual x-ray absorptiometry before surgery and at 1, 2, and 5 years after RYGB. Changes in body composition in multiple depots (total fat, lean body, gynoid fat, android fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and VAT) and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis and generalized estimating equations adjusting for age, sex, and baseline risk factor levels. Data are presented as percent change (95% CI) with regression models showing slopes and estimated P values.Results: At 1 year post-RYGB, a significant reduction was observed across all body composition measures (P , .001) with the greatest reduction observed in VAT (-65.1% [-68.7, -61.8]). From year 1 to 5 years post-RYGB, a regain was observed in all depots except lean body mass (1.2% [.3, 2.7], P 5 .105). A sex-specific difference in overall trajectories was only observed in lean body mass with males consistently having higher mean levels. Change in VAT at 1 year correlated with change in triglycerides (slope: .21 mg/dL/kg, P = .034) and fasting plasma insulin (slope: 44 pmol/L/kg, P = .027). Conclusions: Adiposity measures all decreased after RYGB but poorly predicted change in cardio-metabolic risk. Despite significant reductions at 1 year, a steady regain was observed out to 5 years, with values still well below baseline. Further research should consider control group comparison and extended follow-up.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Bjarnason, R, et al.
(författare)
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Leptin levels are strongly correlated with those of GH-binding protein in prepubertal children.
- 1997
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 137:1, s. 68-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There was a highly significant correlation between serum levels of leptin and those of GHBP, except in children with GHD. The possibility that leptin could mediate the effects of body fat mass on GH sensitivity, therefore, merits further investigation.
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| 34. |
- Björkman, Lena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
The Neutrophil Response Induced by an Agonist for Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (GPR43) Is Primed by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and by Receptor Uncoupling from the Cytoskeleton but Attenuated by Tissue Recruitment
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Biology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0270-7306 .- 1098-5549. ; 36:20, s. 2583-2595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ligands with improved potency and selectivity for free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2R) have become available, and we here characterize the neutrophil responses induced by one such agonist (Cmp1) and one antagonist (CATPB). Cmp1 triggered an increase in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+, and the neutrophils were then desensitized to Cmp1 and to acetate, a naturally occurring FFA2R agonist. The antagonist CATPB selectively inhibited responses induced by Cmp1 or acetate. The activated FFA2R induced superoxide anion secretion at a low level in naive blood neutrophils. This response was largely increased by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in a process associated with a recruitment of easily mobilizable granules, but neutrophils recruited to an aseptic inflammation in vivo were nonresponding. Superoxide production induced by Cmp1 was increased in latrunculin A-treated neutrophils, but no reactivation of desensitized FFA2R was induced by this drug, suggesting that the cytoskeleton is not directly involved in terminating the response. The functional and regulatory differences between the receptors that recognize short-chain fatty acids and formylated peptides, respectively, imply different roles of these receptors in the orchestration of inflammation and confirm the usefulness of a selective FFA2R agonist and antagonist as tools for the exploration of the precise role of the FFA2R.
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| 35. |
- Bolander Laksov, Klara, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing a Community of Practice around Teaching : a Case Study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Higher Education Research and Development. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0729-4360 .- 1469-8366. ; 27:2, s. 121-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is neither easy to change teacher thinking, nor is it easy to influence teaching practice by handing teachers the tools to do this in a course. It is suggested in this paper that it is not enough to let teachers who teach take a course on teaching in higher education. The process of influencing teachers' thinking should include working with the communities within which they practise. One way of doing this is to apply the theory of communities of practice to the academic department. Drawing from quantitative, as well as qualitative, data during one year, this case study describes the process of a collaborative project aimed at increasing the educational quality at a research-intensive department, and how what happened in the project seemed to contribute to the development of a community of practice to include teaching and learning.
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| 36. |
- Boustedt, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
A prospective study of perinatal and metabolic risk factors for early childhood caries
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 109:11, s. 2356-2361
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To study the relationship between early childhood caries and perinatal and metabolic risk factors in a cohort of preschool children. Methods The study population consisted of 208 children followed from birth to 6.5 years. We extracted the perinatal factors from medical records and questionnaires and assessed the occurrence of caries at the age of 5 years. Indicators of the metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting insulin, glucose and dyslipidaemia) were recorded at 6.5 years of age. Results Infants born moderately to late preterm and infants born small for gestational age were more likely to have early childhood caries at 5 years of age (relative risk 4.2 and 2.3, respectively; P < .05). The presence of metabolic risk factors according to the IDEFICS monitoring levels did not differ between children with or without caries but a statistically significant correlation was found between the fasting glucose values and the number of decayed or filled teeth (r = 0.18; P < .05). Conclusion Being born preterm or small for gestational age increased the risk of early childhood caries. Preschool children with caries had higher fasting glucose levels but no other signs of the metabolic syndrome.
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| 37. |
- Boustedt, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of mode of delivery, family and nursing determinants on early childhood caries development: a prospective cohort study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta Odontol Scand. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850. ; 76:8, s. 595-599
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Conflicting results exist regarding mode of delivery and caries. We investigated the influence of the mode of delivery and selected family- and nursing factors during the first 2 years of life on the prevalence of dental caries at 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 551 infants were invited to a prospective medical study with focus on growth and overweight prevention. The parents of 346 infants (179 boys and 167 girls) accepted this invitation and at the age of 2-years, 336 of them agreed to dental check-ups and salivary samplings. At the ages of three and five years, 302 (90%) and 292 children (87%) could be re-examined with respect to caries by one of two calibrated examiners. All stages of caries lesions were scored on tooth and surface level. Background maternal and nursing data were collected semiannually through validated questionnaires and interviews. RESULTS: The caries prevalence (initial + cavitated lesions) was 5.6% at 3 years of age and 18.9% at 5 years. The 5-year-olds delivered with caesarian section displayed a significantly elevated risk of having caries (relative risk [RR] 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-3.6; p < .05). Parental smoking and siblings with caries were the most influential family determinants (p < .05) while drinking juice to meals at 2 years of age (p < .05) was most outstanding among the nursing factors (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, the mode of delivery (caesarian section) had a significant impact on the risk of early childhood caries (ECC) but also other family and infant nursing determinants were related to the development of the disease.
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| 38. |
- Boustedt, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Is the mode of childbirth delivery linked to the prevalence of early childhood caries? A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2021
-
Ingår i: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1818-6300 .- 1996-9805. ; 22, s. 765-772
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The mode of childbirth delivery can influence the child’s future health and the aim of this study was to explore the association between the delivery mode and the prevalence of early childhood caries. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases up to September 15, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the papers for relevance, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to pool the prevalence of early childhood caries according to the mode of delivery. Results: The authors included 11 studies in the review, comprising 47,688 children with vaginal delivery and 10,994 with caesarean section (C-section). The publication years ranged from 1997 to 2020 and included birth cohorts, cross-sectional, register-based and case–control studies. We assessed three publications with low or moderate risk of bias. The median caries prevalence in the C-section group was 56.4% compared to 45.9% in the vaginal group and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The pooled overall odds ratio was 1.48 (95% CI 1.07–2.05) indicating a weak but statistically significant trend towards a higher caries occurrence among children delivered with C-section. The certainty of this finding was low due to heterogeneity and inconsistencies across the studies. Conclusion: We found a weak but inconsistent association between the mode of delivery and the prevalence of early childhood caries. Further studies based on representative, prospective cohorts reporting a standardized core outcome set are required to answer the research question with higher certainty. © 2021, The Author(s).
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| 39. |
- Boustedt, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Tooth brushing habits and prevalence of early childhood caries: a prospective cohort study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1818-6300 .- 1996-9805. ; 21, s. 155-159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study the relationship between the tooth-brushing habits during the preschool ages and caries prevalence at the age of 5 years and to investigate a possible association with the mode of delivery. METHODS: The study population consisted of 336 children that were orally examined at 2, 3 and 5 years. All stages of caries were scored on tooth and surface level. Data on tooth brushing behaviour were collected through semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: At 5 years, the attrition rate was 13.1%. The total caries prevalence (cavitated and non-cavitated lesions) was 18.9%. The vast majority of the parents assisted their child with the brushing and 98% used fluoride toothpaste. The relative risk (RR) for caries was significantly (p < 0.05) increased for "tooth brushing less than twice daily" at two (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.3, p < 0.01) and 3 years (RR 3.6, 95% CI 2.0-6.7; p < 0.001). Likewise, reporting "major/minor difficulties to perform tooth brushing" at 2 and 3 years was significantly related to caries development at the age of five (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.4, p < 0.05 and RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.3; p < 0.01). We found no significant association between the tooth brushing habits and the mode of delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Less than twice daily tooth-brushing and difficulties to perform the procedure during the first preschool years were significant determinants of caries prevalence at the age of 5 years. Health professionals should, therefore, give special attention and assist parents to improve and optimize their tooth brushing behaviour during the preschool years.
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| 40. |
- Bravo, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deep ocean comprises complex ecosystems made up of numerous community and habitat types that provide multiple services that benefit humans. As the industrialization of the deep sea proceeds, a standardized and robust set of methods and metrics need to be developed to monitor the baseline conditions and any anthropogenic and climate change-related impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services. Here, we review what we have learned from studies involving offshore-energy industries, including state-of-the-art technologies and strategies for obtaining reliable metrics of deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystem function. An approach that includes the detection and monitoring of ecosystem services, with open access to baseline data from multiple sectors, can help to improve our global capacity for the management of the deep ocean.
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| 41. |
- Bribiesca-Contreras, G., et al.
(författare)
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Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Zookeys. - : Pensoft Publishers. - 1313-2989 .- 1313-2970. ; :1113, s. 1-110
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing interest in the exploitation of deep-sea mineral deposits, particularly on the abyssal seafloor of the central Pacific Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), which is rich in polymetallic nodules. In order to effectively manage potential exploitation activities, a thorough understanding of the biodiversity, community structure, species ranges, connectivity, and ecosystem functions across a range of scales is needed. The benthic megafauna plays an important role in the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems and represents an important component of the biodiversity. While megafaunal surveys using video and still images have provided insight into CCZ biodiversity, the collection of faunal samples is needed to confirm are very rarely carried out. Using a Remotely Operated Vehicle, 55 specimens of benthic megafauna were-collected from seamounts and abyssal plains in three Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEI 1, APEI 4, and APEI 7) at 3100-5100 m depth in the western CCZ. Using both morphological and molecular evidence, 48 different morphotypes belonging to five phyla were found, only nine referrable to known species, and 39 species potentially new to science. This work highlights the need for detailed taxonomic studies incorporating genetic data, not only within the CCZ, but in other bathyal, abyssal, and hadal regions, as representative genetic reference libraries that could facilitate the generation of species inventories.
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| 42. |
- Christopoulos, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein-coupled receptors.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: British journal of pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 1476-5381 .- 0007-1188. ; 178 Suppl 1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15538. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Cosgrove, R., et al.
(författare)
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Radar detection of a localized 1.4 Hz pulsation in auroral plasma, simultaneous with pulsating optical emissions, during a substorm
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 28:10, s. 1961-1979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many pulsating phenomena are associated with the auroral substorm. It has been considered that some of these phenomena involve kilometer-scale Alfven waves coupling the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Electric field oscillations at the altitude of the ionosphere are a signature of such wave activity that could distinguish it from other sources of auroral particle precipitation, which may be simply tracers of magnetospheric activity. Therefore, a ground based diagnostic of kilometer-scale oscillating electric fields would be a valuable tool in the study of pulsations and the auroral substorm. In this study we attempt to develop such a tool in the Poker Flat incoherent scatter radar (PFISR). The central result is a statistically significant detection of a 1.4 Hz electric field oscillation associated with a similar oscillating optical emission, during the recovery phase of a substorm. The optical emissions also contain a bright, lower frequency (0.2 Hz) pulsation that does not show up in the radar backscatter. The fact that higher frequency oscillations are detected by the radar, whereas the bright, lower frequency optical pulsation is not detected by the radar, serves to strengthen a theoretical argument that the radar is sensitive to oscillating electric fields, but not to oscillating particle precipitation. Although it is difficult to make conclusions as to the physical mechanism, we do not find evidence for a plane-wave-like Alfven wave; the detected structure is evident in only two of five adjacent beams. We emphasize that this is a new application for ISR, and that corroborating results are needed.
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| 45. |
- Dahlgren, Claes, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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The lysosomal membrane glycoproteins Lamp-1 and Lamp-2 are present in mobilizable organelles, but are absent from the azurophil granules of human neutrophils.
- 1995
-
Ingår i: The Biochemical journal. - 0264-6021. ; 311 ( Pt 2), s. 667-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The subcellular localization of two members of a highly glycosylated protein group present in lysosomal membranes in most cells, the lysosome-associated membrane proteins 1 and 2 (Lamp-1 and Lamp-2), was examined in human neutrophil granulocytes. Antibodies that were raised against purified Lamp-1 adn Lamp-2 gave a distinct granular staining of the cytoplasm upon immunostaining of neutrophils. Subcellular fractionation was used to separate the azurophil and specific granules from a light-membrane fraction containing plasma membranes and secretory vesicles, and Western blotting was used to determine the presence of the Lamps in these fractions. The results show that Lamp-1 and Lamp-2 are present in the specific-granule-enriched fraction and in the light-membrane fraction, but not in the azurophil granules. Separation of secretory vesicles from plasma membranes disclosed that the light-membrane Lamps were present primarily in the secretory-vesicle-enriched fraction. During phagocytosis both Lamp-1 and Lamp-2 became markedly concentrated around the ingested particle and they both appear on the cell surface when the secretory organelles are mobilized.
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| 46. |
- Dahlgren, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Coexisting structures fromhigh- and low-energy precipitation in fine-scale aurora
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 42:5, s. 1290-1296
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-resolution multimonochromatic measurements of auroral emissions have revealed the first optical evidence of coexisting small-scale auroral features resulting from separate high- and low-energy populations of precipitating electrons on the same field line. The features exhibit completely separate motion and morphology. From emission ratios and ion chemistry modeling, the average energy and energy flux of the precipitation is estimated. The high-energy precipitation is found to form large pulsating patches of 0.1Hz with a 3Hz modulation, and nonpulsating coexisting discrete auroral filaments. The low-energy precipitation is observed simultaneously on the same field line as discrete filaments with no pulsation. The simultaneous structures do not interact, and they drift with different speeds in different directions. We suggest that the high- and low-energy electron populations are accelerated by separate mechanisms, at different distances from Earth. The small-scale structures could be caused by local instabilities above the ionosphere.
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| 47. |
- Dahlgren, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Electrodynamics and energy characteristics of aurora at high resolution by optical methods
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 121:6, s. 5966-5974
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Technological advances leading to improved sensitivity of optical detectors have revealed that aurora contains a richness of dynamic and thin filamentary structures, but the source of the structured emissions is not fully understood. In addition, high-resolution radar data have indicated that thin auroral arcs can be correlated with highly varying and large electric fields, but the detailed picture of the electrodynamics of auroral filaments is yet incomplete. The Auroral Structure and Kinetics (ASK) instrument is a state-of-the-art ground-based instrument designed to investigate these smallest auroral features at very high spatial and temporal resolution, by using three electron multiplying CCDs in parallel for three different narrow spectral regions. ASK is specifically designed to utilize a new optical technique to determine the ionospheric electric fields. By imaging the long-lived O+ line at 732 nm, the plasma flow in the region can be traced, and since the plasma motion is controlled by the electric field, the field strength and direction can be estimated at unprecedented resolution. The method is a powerful tool to investigate the detailed electrodynamics and current systems around the thin auroral filaments. The two other ASK cameras provide information on the precipitation by imaging prompt emissions, and the emission brightness ratio of the two emissions, together with ion chemistry modeling, is used to give information on the energy and energy flux of the precipitating electrons. In this paper, we discuss these measuring techniques and give a few examples of how they are used to reveal the nature and source of fine-scale structuring in the aurora.
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| 48. |
- Dahlgren, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy and flux variations across thin auroral arcs
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 29:10, s. 1699-1712
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two discrete auroral arc filaments, with widths of less than 1 km, have been analysed using multi-station, multi-monochromatic optical observations from small and medium field-of-view imagers and the EISCAT radar. The energy and flux of the precipitating electrons, volume emission rates and local electric fields in the ionosphere have been determined at high temporal (up to 30 Hz) and spatial (down to tens of metres) resolution. A new time-dependent inversion model is used to derive energy spectra from EISCAT electron density profiles. The energy and flux are also derived independently from optical emissions combined with ion-chemistry modelling, and a good agreement is found. A robust method to obtain detailed 2-D maps of the average energy and number flux of small scale aurora is presented. The arcs are stretched in the north-south direction, and the lowest energies are found on the western, leading edges of the arcs. The large ionospheric electric fields (250 mV m(-1)) found from tristatic radar measurements are evidence of strong currents associated with the region close to the optical arcs. The different data sets indicate that the arcs appear on the boundaries between regions with different average energy of diffuse precipitation, caused by pitch-angle scattering. The two thin arcs on these boundaries are found to be related to an increase in number flux (and thus increased energy flux) without an increase in energy.
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| 49. |
- Dahlgren, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
First direct optical observations of plasma flows using afterglow of O+ in discrete aurora
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-6826 .- 1879-1824. ; 71:2, s. 228-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Imaging of active structured aurora in the forbidden O+ ion line at 732.0 nm provides a possibility of direct observation of plasma drifts in the topside ionosphere. The metastable O+ P-2 state has a radiative lifetime of 5 s, so the oxygen ions can be detected after the precipitation creating them has ceased. The decay time of the O+ emission is studied and modelled with a time-dependent electron transport and ion chemistry model. Four examples are given of O+ afterglow observed with the multi-spectral imager, auroral structure and kinetics (ASK), which was located near Tromso, Norway, in 2006. Estimates are given of drift velocities resulting from the analysis of the afterglow motions. Bulk plasma velocities of 340 and 720 m/s directed eastwards were found for two afterglowing arc filaments, corresponding to southward electric fields of 18 and 40 mV/m, respectively.
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- Dahlgren, H., et al.
(författare)
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Monoenergetic high-energy electron precipitation in thin auroral filaments
- 2012
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 39:20, s. L20101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy distribution of the electron precipitation responsible for extremely narrow (70 m) and dynamic auroral filaments is found to be sharply peaked at around 8 keV. The events were captured with high resolution low-light optical imagers located near Tromso, Norway. The method uses imaging in two emissions which have different energy dependent responses to auroral electron precipitation. The key feature of the events was that no difference in the altitude of the two emissions was detected, nor any time-of-flight dispersion, thus leading to the conclusion that the filaments were caused by monoenergetic precipitation. Comparisons with an electron transport and ion chemistry model show that the high energy filaments were embedded in a region of lower energy precipitation of about 4 keV. There is currently no consistent theory to explain the characteristics of the observed auroral structures.
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