| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Almeida Costa, Nicole, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
A case study of user adherence and software project performance barriers from a sociotechnical viewpoint
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 787, s. 12-23
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A marine propeller company and a technical university collaborated to optimize the company’s existing propeller design software. This paper reviews the project based on a sociotechnical perspective to organizational change on (a) how the university-company project and user involvement were organized, and (b) what the main management barriers were and why they may have occurred. Fieldwork included interviews and observations with university and company stakeholders over thirteen months. The data was analyzed and sorted into themes describing the barriers, such as lack of a planned strategy for deliverables or resource use in the project; the users exhibited low adherence towards the optimized software, as well as there was limited time and training allocated for them to test it. Lessons learned suggest clarifying stakeholder roles and contributions, and engaging the users earlier and beyond testing the software for malfunctions to enhance knowledge mobilization, involve them in the change and increase acceptance.
|
|
| 4. |
- Almeida Costa, Nicole, 1988, et al.
(författare)
-
Perceived success factors of participatory ergonomics in ship design
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Occupational Ergonomics. - : IOS Press. - 1359-9364 .- 1875-9092. ; 12:4, s. 141-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The more complex and perilous a sociotechnical system is, the more crucial it is to have users and other relevant stakeholder groups in focus throughout its design lifecycle. In the design and development of ships and ship systems, there has been resistance towards the integration of ergonomic principles through a human-centred approach as well as to involving the user. This inattention can result in an inadequate design, which may have negative repercussions on usability, ultimately threatening the safety of onboard operations, overall system performance and the well-being of the crew.OBJECTIVE: This study explores the perceived success factors of participatory ergonomics based on the standpoint of young seafarers.METHODS: Such is achieved by examining a focus group with cadets inspired by Grounded Theory approach.RESULTS: The findings reveal user participation as a designer’s essential contact with reality, provided that a set of pre-conditions that supports the success of participatory ergonomics can be fulfilled: involving the right users and filling in the gap between end-user needs and ship-owner requirements. The consequent success factors are described at a usability level, an intrinsic level for the end-users, and ultimately at the level of increased safety and efficiency.CONCLUSIONS: User input may not only affect design as an outcome, it may also influence the way participatory ergonomics is performed in the maritime sector.
|
|
| 5. |
- Aylward, Katie A, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Navigators’ views of a collision avoidance decision support system for maritime navigation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Navigation. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0373-4633 .- 1469-7785. ; 75:5, s. 1035-1048
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime navigation is a complex task involving the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of information using seamanship, professional knowledge, and technology. As the maritime industry transitions towards maritimeautonomous surface ships (MASS), there is an increasing gap between the operator and the technology. This paper explores a collision avoidance decision support system for navigation from the navigator’s perspective. The system, developed by Wärtsilä, is called Advanced Intelligent Manoeuvring (AIM) and can generate suggestions for course or speed alterations based on data from surrounding traffic. Nineteen Swedish navigators completed three ship traffic scenarios with and without decision support. Qualitative data were collected using interviews and analysed with thematic analysis. The results show that the participants perceive the decision support system as an advisory tool to visualise how traffic situations could unfold, a task currently difficult for most navigators. This paper discusses the present and near future of maritime navigation, highlighting the benefits of automation, whileremaining vigilant about the potential dangers.
|
|
| 6. |
- Aylward, Katie A, 1990, et al.
(författare)
-
Using operational scenarios in a virtual reality enhanced design process
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Education Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2227-7102. ; 11:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime user interfaces for ships’ bridges are highly dependent on the context in which they are used, and rich maritime context is difficult to recreate in the early stages of user-centered design processes. Operations in Arctic waters where crews are faced with extreme environmental conditions, technology limitations and a lack of accurate navigational information further increase this challenge. There is a lack of research supporting the user-centered design of workplaces for hazardous Arctic operations. To meet this challenge, this paper reports on the process of developing virtual reality-reconstructed operational scenarios to connect stakeholders, end-users, designers, and human factors specialists in a joint process. This paper explores how virtual reality-reconstructed operational scenarios can be used as a tool both for concept development and user testing. Three operational scenarios were developed, implemented in a full mission bridge simulator, recreated in virtual reality (VR), and finally tested on navigators (end-users). Qualitative data were captured throughout the design process and user-testing, resulting in a thematic analysis that identified common themes reflecting the experiences gained throughout this process. In conclusion, we argue that operational scenarios, rendered in immersive media such as VR, may be an important and reusable asset when supporting maritime design processes and in maritime training and education.
|
|
| 7. |
- Brödje, Anders, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Applied Cognitive Task Analysis as a tool for analyzing work demands in a C4I environment: a case study using a mid-fidelity simulation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: D. de Waard, N. Gérard, L. Onnasch, R. Wiczorek, and D. Manzey (Eds.) (2011). Human Centred Automation. - 9789042304062 ; , s. 313 - 326
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The majority of worldwide goods transportation is carried out by ships at sea. In order to promote safety in narrow waters and around major ports, several countries have installed Vessel Traffic Services (VTS). VTS operators monitor a specific geographical area and support and direct ships that sail through the area, primarily making the navigating officer of each ship aware of the current traffic situation, local weather and geographical conditions. In this, the VTS domain represents a civilian Command, Control, Communications, Computer and Intelligence (C4I) environment. Identifying user needs and analysing user behaviour in these environments require appropriate methods that are comprehensive and valid. This paper presents an adapted use of the Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) in a case study where an interactive mid-fidelity scenario for the phase of the Simulation Interview has been used. The use of the interactive simulation as a knowledge eliciting tool within the context of ACTA is discussed and assessed using Hoffman’s method evaluation criteria.
|
|
| 8. |
- Brödje, Anders, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring non-technical miscommunication in vessel traffic service operation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Cognition, Technology and Work. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-5558 .- 1435-5566. ; 15:3, s. 347-357
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vessel traffic services (VTS) are maritimetraffic monitoring systems used in port approaches, confinedor congested waters. VTS operators (VTSOs) monitor aspecific geographical area and support and direct ships thatsail through the area, primarily making the navigatingofficer or pilot of each ship aware of the current trafficsituation, local weather and geographical conditions. Weused an interactive mid-fidelity simulation as a knowledgeeliciting tool to explore the work situation of VTSOs.During the simulation, VTSOs from a VTS centre inSweden ran a scenario based on a normal traffic situation intheir local fairway. Results indicate that the VTSOs, eventhough they are well aware of crucial events in the fairway,at times choose not to inform navigating officers or pilotsof these safety aspects apart from when subject to protocol.The present paper put forward elements behind this form ofmiscommunication and presents results indicating that themajor contributing factor is the VTSOs’ anticipation ofnegative attitudes between working groups participating inthe VTS system and the lack of sufficient regulation withregard to the role and responsibilities of VTSOs.
|
|
| 9. |
- Brödje, Anders, 1971, et al.
(författare)
-
The Whats, Whens, Whys and Hows of VTS Operator use of Sensor Information
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of International Conference on Human Performance at Sea. - 9780947649739 ; , s. 161-172
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Situation Awareness (SA), even though under some dispute, is a concept used for describing a person’s mental picture of a dynamic environment. In the domain of Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), operators monitor maritime traffic movements within a set geographic area. When performing this task, it is crucial that VTS operators (VTSOs) have a sufficient SA and methods have been developed to measure this. Yet, being able to measure SA does not reveal how VTSOs build their SA. To understand this, we need to know what type of information VTSOs use as well as when, why and how they use the information. The present study has used Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) to demonstrate how VTSOs work with anomaly detection and pattern recognition from a holistic perspective. Primarily VTSOs use radar and VHF radio as their main sensors. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is mainly regarded as a complement, providing information such as a vessel’s name and call sign. Dynamic information supplied through the AIS is not considered crucial for SA by the VTSOs. The purpose of this study has been to create a better understanding of how operators in this domain use available sensor information. This knowledge will serve as a basis for further studies into the Human Factors perspective of developing Intelligent Decision Support Systems with the aim of supporting the VTSO to construct a good SA.
|
|
| 10. |
- Dahlman, Joakim, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Could sound be used as a strategy for reducing symptoms of perceived motion sickness?
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1743-0003. ; 5:35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Working while exposed to motions, physically and psychologically affects a person. Traditionally, motion sickness symptom reduction has implied use of medication, which can lead to detrimental effects on performance. Non-pharmaceutical strategies, in turn, often require cognitive and perceptual attention. Hence, for people working in high demand environments where it is impossible to reallocate focus of attention, other strategies are called upon. The aim of the study was to investigate possible impact of a mitigation strategy on perceived motion sickness and psychophysiological responses, based on an artificial sound horizon compared with a non-positioned sound source.Method: Twenty-three healthy subjects were seated on a motion platform in an artificial sound horizon or in non-positioned sound, in random order with one week interval between the trials. Perceived motion sickness (Mal), maximum duration of exposure (ST), skin conductance, blood volume pulse, temperature, respiration rate, eye movements and heart rate were measured continuously throughout the trials.Results: Mal scores increased over time in both sound conditions, but the artificial sound horizon, applied as a mitigation strategy for perceived motion sickness, showed no significant effect on Mal scores or ST. The number of fixations increased with time in the non-positioned sound condition. Moreover, fixation time was longer in the nonpositioned sound condition compared with sound horizon, indicating that the subjects used more time to fixate and, hence, assumingly made fewer saccades.Conclusion: A subliminally presented artificial sound horizon did not significantly affect perceived motion sickness, psychophysiological variables or the time the subjects endured the motion sickness triggering stimuli. The number of fixations and fixation times increased over time in the non-positioned sound condition.
|
|
| 11. |
- Dahlman, Joakim, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of Motion Sickness on Encoding and Retrieval
- 2010
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In this study, possible effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval of words were investigated. Background: The impact of motion sickness on human performance has been studied with regards to psychomotor functions and over learned skills, as well as to novel situations requiring encoding and retrieval skills through the use of short term memory. In this study, possible effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval of words were investigated. Method: Forty healthy participants, half of them males, performed a continuous recognition task (CRT) during exposure to a motion sickness triggering optokinetic drum. The CRT was employed as a measurement of performance and consisted of encoding and retrieval of words. The task consisted of three consecutive phases 1) encoding of familiar words; 2) encoding and retrieval of words under the influence of motion sickness; 3) retrieval of words after exposure. Results: Data analysis revealed no significant differences in the ability to encode or retrieve words during motion sickness compared with a control condition. In addition, there were no significant correlations between the level of motion sickness and performance of the CRT. Conclusion: The results indicate that encoding and retrieval of words are not affected by moderate levels of motion sickness. Application: This research has implications for operational settings where professionals experience moderate levels of motion sickness.
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Dahlman, Joakim, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance and Autonomic Responses during Motion Sickness
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Human Factors. - : SAGE Publications. - 0018-7208 .- 1547-8181. ; 51:1, s. 56-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate how motion sickness, triggered by an optokinetic drum, affects short term memory performance and to explore autonomic responses to perceived motion sickness. Background: Previous research has found motion sickness to decrease performance, but it is not known how short term memory in particular is affected. Method: Thirty-eight healthy participants performed a listening span test while seated in a rotating optokinetic drum. Measurements of motion sickness, performance, heart rate, skin conductance, blood volume pulse, and pupil size were performed simultaneously throughout the experiment. Results: A total of 16 participants terminated the trial due to severe nausea, while the other 22 endured the full 25 minutes. Perceived motion sickness increased over time in both groups, but less among those who endured the trial. Short term memory performance decreased towards the end for those who terminated, while it increased for the other group. Results from the measured autonomic responses were ambiguous. Conclusion: The present study concludes that performance, measured as short term memory, declines as perceived motion sickness progresses. Application: This research has potential implications for command and control personnel in risk of developing motion sickness.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Dahlman, Joakim, 1974-
(författare)
-
Psychophysiological and Performance Aspects on Motion Sickness
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Motion sickness is not an illness, but rather a natural autonomic response to an unfamiliar or specific stimulus. The bodily responses to motion sickness are highly individual and contextually dependent, making them difficult to predict. The initial autonomic responses are similar to the ones demonstrated when under stress. When under the influence of motion sickness, motivation and ability to perform tasks or duties are limited. However, little is known about how specific cognitive functions are affected. Furthermore, standard mitigation strategies involve medications that induce fatigue or strategies that require cognitive capabilities. Both of them may result in reduced capability to perform assigned tasks or duties. Hence, there is a need for alternative mitigation strategies.The aim of the thesis was to study psychophysiological and performance aspects on motion sickness. The long-term goal is to provide strategies for mitigation and prevention of motion sickness by identifying psychophysiological responses as predictors for both wellbeing and performance. This thesis comprises four studies, in which 91 participants were exposed to two different motion sickness stimuli, either an optokinetic drum or a motion platform. Before the tests, a method for extracting fixations from eye-tracking data was developed as a prerequisite for studying fixations as a possible mitigation strategy for reducing motion sickness. During exposure to stimuli that triggers motion sickness, performance was studied by testing short-term memory and encoding and retrieval. In the final study, the effects of an artificial sound horizon were studied with respect to its potential to subconsciously function as a mitigating source.The results of the measurements of the psychophysiological responses were in accordance with previous research, confirming the ambiguity and high individuality of the responses as well as their contextual dependencies. To study fixations, a centroid mode algorithm proved to be the best way to generate fixations from eye-movement data. In the final study, the effects of the sound horizon were compared to the effects of a non-positioned sound. In the latter condition, both fixation time and the number of fixations increased over time, whereas none of them showed a significant time effect in the sound horizon condition. The fixation time slope was significantly larger in the non-positioned sound condition compared to the sound horizon condition. Number of fixations, heart rate, and skin conductance correlated positively with subjective statements that referred to motion sickness. Among participants that were susceptible to motion sickness symptoms, short-term memory performance was negatively affected. However, no effects of motion sickness on encoding and retrieval were found, regardless of susceptibility.Future studies should continue focusing on autonomic responses and psychological issues of motion sickness. Factors such as motivation, expectancies, and previous experiences play a major and yet relatively unknown role within the motion sickness phenomena.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Dobbins, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Information architecture for fast response craft - Command & control & human systems integration
- 2013
-
Ingår i: RINA, Royal Institution of Naval Architects - International Conference on SURV 2013, Surveillance Search and Rescue Craft. - 9781909024137 ; , s. 117-120
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Command & Control (C2) is required for safe and effective maritime operations. To facilitate effective decision-making and C2, it is essential that the crew can access the required information. It is therefore essential that the appropriate information architecture is used. Navigation, being an essential aspect of C2, has seen a radical change from paper charts and individual instruments to computer systems capable of sophisticated data fusion to provide enhanced situational awareness. The development of the required information architecture is not a software/engineering issue, but rather lies within the human factors domain as it requires an understanding of how humans perceive information, how they use mental models and subsequently make safe and effective decisions. © 2013: The Royal Institution of Naval Architects.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Earl, Robyn, et al.
(författare)
-
Visual search strategies of pedestrians with and without visual and cognitive impairments in a shared zone : A proof of concept study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 57, s. 327-334
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shared zones have gained increasing popularity in urban land use and design as a means of incorporating the needs of multiple modes of transport, while at the same time promoting social interaction between users. Interactions within shared zones are based on a set of informal social protocols, communicated via eye contact and social cues. This proof of concept study utilised eye-tracking technology to examine the visual search strategies of individuals, with and without visual and cognitive impairments as they navigated a strategically chosen shared zone. In total 3960 fixations were analysed and the fixations were distributed across the shared zone and a pedestrian crossing. Those with impairments were more likely to fixate on traffic specific areas and objects compared to those without, suggesting that they required more input ascertaining when and where it was safe to perform tasks. However, the duration of fixation was not significantly different for an object whether it was traffic related or not, indicating a global need for increased processing time of the surrounding environment. Shared zones are claimed to increase driver awareness and safety and reduce congestion, but the implications on participation and safety for those with visual and cognitive impairments is yet to be extensively explored.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Forsman, Fredrik, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Developing a standard methodology for dynamic navigation in the littoral environment
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Royal Institute of Naval Architects, International Conference, Human Factors in Ship Design and operation. - 9781905040919 ; 2011, s. 133-140
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safe operation of fast craft within the littoral environment places a high workload on the vessels crew and specifically the navigator, who has to avoid natural features as well as other vessel traffic. This task is subsequently made more difficult by poor weather and sea conditions. Due to the high operational pace and the dynamic nature of transiting the littoral environment, a simple methodology was developed that would be robust in high workload conditions. The model is based on three components; i) the conduct of changes in direction/course, ii) the information required by the coxswain to perform the course change effectively and safely, and iii) the information required by the navigator to plan and direct the course change. This paper will describe the methodology, the concepts behind its development, and how standardised procedures enhance safety, operational effectiveness and interoperability.
|
|
| 22. |
- Jansson, Jonas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
National data governance in the transport sector : an international outlook and literature review
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report aims to provide background information on national efforts to establish and govern data within the transport area. The purpose is to support the work of establishing a national data domain for the transport sector in Sweden. The focus of the current work has been on transport data, governance of transport data and in particular emphasizing national datasets and national data governance initiatives. To find information about this a dual approach was used. Firstly, we have looked for scientific publications in bibliographic databases. Secondly, a request for information within the existing networks of VTI was sent out, this includes both other research providers and authorities across the world. The literature found and the replies from the international outreach are very consistent in the need and potential of handling data more efficiently. Most actors describe the need for making data accessible in a consistent way, both to facilitate new applications and to be more efficient in current practices. In the scientific literature there are very few if any initiatives that can be directly compared with the Swedish effort to establish a transport data domain on a national level (e.g., Grunddatadomän Transport). Furthermore, there is not much work that quantifies, in monetary values, the cost and benefits of establishing and maintaining data.
|
|
| 23. |
- Lundh, Monica, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Evacuation in Practice - Observations from Five Full Scale Exercises
- 2010
-
Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:2, s. 137-151
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evacuating a ship is a difficult task which normally is performed under severe anddemanding conditions, exposing both crew members and passengers on board to anextreme and demanding situation. To be prepared for an incident happening on boardand shouldering this responsibility is part of the everyday reality of the crew members’work situation. This study reports the results from observations made on board fivepassenger ships performing full scale exercises with participants acting as passengers.The results pointed out four problem areas; the safety organization, the ability to performtasks, the handling of life vests and communication. These areas represented anuncertainty in the requirements associated with the crew members’ role in the safetyorganization implied. There was also evidence of difficulties in the crews’ performing ofdifferent tasks, problems with donning life vests and insufficient communication. Thecrew member groups on board differ in their skills and knowledge to handle an evacuationsituation. These groups need to be studied separately and systematically in order todetermine how they comprehend their work situation and what their needs of preparationand training are in order to feel content with meeting the demands of their role inthe safety organization.
|
|
| 24. |
- Lundh, Monica, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Working conditions in the engine department - A qualitative study among engine room personnel on board Swedish merchant ships
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-6870 .- 1872-9126. ; 42:2, s. 384-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The specific problems associated with the work on board within the merchant fleet are well known andhave over the years been a topic of discussion. The work conditions in the engine room (ER) aredemanding due to, e.g. the thermal climate, noise and awkward working postures. The work in theengine control room (ECR) has over recent years undergone major changes, mainly due to the introductionof computers on board. In order to capture the impact these changes had implied, and also toinvestigate how the work situation has developed, a total of 20 engine officers and engine ratings wereinterviewed. The interviews were semi-structured and Grounded Theory was used for the data analysis.The aim of the present study was to describe how the engine crew perceive their work situation andworking environment on board. Further, the aim was to identify areas for improvements which theengine crew consider especially important for a safe and effective work environment. The result of thestudy shows that the design of the ECR and ER is crucial for how different tasks are performed. Designwhich does not support operational procedures and how tasks are performed risk inducing inappropriatebehaviour as the crew members’ are compelled to find alternative ways to perform their tasks in order toget the job done. These types of behaviour can induce an increased risk of exposure to hazardoussubstances and the engine crew members becoming injured.
|
|
| 25. |
- Lützhöft, Margareta, 1964, et al.
(författare)
-
System Simulations for Safety
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Human Performance at Sea 2010.. - 9780947649739 ; , s. 3-10
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the working environment can affect safety, especially in time-critical situations where wrong decisions can have decisive impact on man, environment and property. Organizational changes, the introduction of new technology and new legislation are example of various factors that affect the working environment. In this paper we present an approach to explore safety issues in maritime working environments by using complex simulation to create realistic scenarios and data collection to build the basis for exploration. In this paper we focus on the validity of the method and compare findings with actual accidents known risks. We also give some examples of found safety aspects that can be of interest for further analysis in the maritime domain.
|
|
| 26. |
- Olindersson, Fredrik, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
Maritime Traffic Situations in Bornholmsgat
- 2015
-
Ingår i: TRANSNAV-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON MARINE NAVIGATION AND SAFETY OF SEA TRANSPORTATION. - 2083-6481. ; 9:1, s. 115-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime traffic situations is regulated in the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), but how well are these rules followed by officers on board vessels? When the world shipping fleet grow and the traffic becomes more intensive, the risk of collision increase. By analysing AIS data from vessels in the traffic separation scheme Bornholmsgat during 24 hours in December 2013, 421 traffic situations were found where the passing distance between the vessels were less than 1.5 nautical miles.The compliance with the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) seems to be good, but the average avoiding action is less than the recommended manoeuver.
|
|
| 27. |
- Ordqvist, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Information and repetition change children's visual strategies when viewing magic tricks and without gaze cues
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : SAGE Publications. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 116:1, s. 144-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaze cues and direct gaze attract visual attention. However, few studies have explored visual cues in children within realistic contexts. The effect of information and repetitive stimulus presentation has not been thoroughly studied with dynamic stimuli. The aim of the present study was to investigate how information affects the visual strategies of children measured by the number of fixations on certain areas of interest and their durations. Furthermore, this study examined the effect of gaze cues and direct gaze. In two consecutive experiments, children's visual strategies when viewing magic tricks were measured by an eye tracker. Gaze cues were only present in Experiment 1. The results showed that repetitive stimulus presentation and information caused children to change their visual strategies when viewing magic tricks with and without gaze cues. However, the effect was larger when the gaze cues were not present. These findings in children were similar to those in adults.
|
|
| 28. |
- Ordqvist, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Information and Repetition Change Children's Visual Strategies When Viewing Magic Tricks With and Without Gaze Cues
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Perceptual and Motor Skills. - : Ammons Scientific. - 0031-5125 .- 1558-688X. ; 116:1, s. 144-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaze cues and direct gaze attract visual attention. However, few studies have explored visual cues in children within realistic contexts. The effect of information and repetitive stimulus presentation has not been thoroughly studied with dynamic stimuli. The aim of the present study was to investigate how information affects the visual strategies of children measured by the number of fixations on certain areas of interest and their durations. Furthermore, this study examined the effect of gaze cues and direct gaze. In two consecutive experiments, children's visual strategies when viewing magic tricks were measured by an eye tracker. Gaze cues were only present in Experiment 1.The results showed that repetitive stimulus presentation and information caused children to change their visual strategies when viewing magic tricks with and without gaze cues. However, the effect was larger when the gaze cues were not present. These findings in children were similar to those in adults.
|
|
| 29. |
- Placido da Conceicao, Victor Fernando, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of a Behavioural Marker System for Rating Cadet ’ s Non- Technical Skills
- 2017
-
Ingår i: TransNav, International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. - : Faculty of Navigation. - 2083-6473. ; 11:2
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the adoption of crew resource management training for bridge teams over the last decades, the training is still heavily focussed on technical achievements. In an educational context, the situation is more problematical, since with requirement of developing the technical skills, there is a need to build and evaluate the non-technical skills of cadets with little experience in bridge team management. In parallel with the application of team leadership models, the Portuguese Naval Academy conducted a research to improve the development and assessment of non-technical skills in bridge simulators. This paper describes the method used to identify the key non-technical skills required for naval cadets and to develop a behavioural marker system for their measurement. A literature review of behavioural marker systems was supplemented with an analysis of interviews conducted with students and simulator instructors. Additionally, further analysis of Portuguese Navy accidents reports was made, applying the HFACS framework to identify the relevant non-technical skills involved in the accidents. The resulting rating system covers five skill categories (leadership, situational awareness, communication, team work and decision making), each one with three rating elements. The framework is currently under evaluation tests in bridge simulators sessions, within an educational context.
|
|
| 30. |
- Placido da Conceicao, Victor Fernando, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Visualization in Maritime Navigation: A Critical Review
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2194-5365 .- 2194-5357. ; 597, s. 199-212
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovations in navigation technologies are inducing subtle trans- formations in the navigator role and navigation processes. Thus, research on maritime navigation, entails the need to further study the designs of all tech- nological artefacts that are or might be used in navigation, and specifically those that involve Human Computer Interaction. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review about maritime navigation visualization has been carried out. The objective of this review is to fill this gap, by classifying new and innovative ways for the visualization of maritime navigation information. Recent findings on visual attention, offer new strategies and solutions for the representation of navigation information. Operators’ visual attention can be largely improved through mitigation of cluttering effects or by guiding their attention. This review of visual attention also highlights the importance of systematic contextual research to understand all the interactions and processes that happen in the maritime navigation domain.
|
|
| 31. |
- Placido da Conceicao, Victor Fernando, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
What is maritime navigation? Unfolding the complexity of a Sociotechnical System
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1071-1813 .- 2169-5067. ; 61:1, s. 267-271
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime navigation is a complex task, involving an ever-increasing number of stakeholders and technologies. As complexity is growing, attention turns to the human element as the major cause of accidents and incidents. However, it is also the human element that might bring coherence and reasoning to the complex sociotechnical system that comprises maritime navigation. Thus, it is essential to develop an interpretative framework that could make sense of this complex system. This research project aims to enhance safety in maritime navigation, by developing a conceptual framework. This enables the design of Joint Cognitive System (JCS) in support of maritime navigation, including unmanned vessels, by focusing on the interactions. Results suggest that common ground is created in two dimensions: control system and shared domain. It is also found that planning helps to create a common cognitive map that supports the distributed control of the JCS.
|
|
| 32. |
- Prison, Johannes, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Ship sense - striving for harmony in ship manoeuvring
- 2013
-
Ingår i: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 12:1, s. 115-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ship manoeuvring is something that many seafarers perform, although little attention has been devoted to this in research literature. The topic has generally been explained by members of the trade as gaining knowledge through experience. The purpose of this study was to identify which factors contribute to the perceived state of a ship’s physical condition during manoeuvring. Eight master mariners were interviewed. The data resulted in a division of a sea voyage into three different phases, each requiring varying levels of effort from the bridge crew. The results further describe how the shiphandler strives for harmony between his ship and the environment. This is accomplished by personal factors such as spatial awareness, knowledge and experience to handle environmental factors of context, situation andvessel specific factors of inertia and the use of navigational instruments.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Sjörs, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Salivary cortisol response to acute stress and its relation to psychological factors in women with chronic trapezius myalgia-A pilot study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3360 .- 0306-4530. ; 35:5, s. 674-685
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated differences in HPA axis function, measured as salivary cortisol concentrations, between 18 women with chronic trapezius myalgia (MYA) and 30 healthy female controls (CON). In addition, the interactions between HPA axis reactions to psychosocial stress and aspects of pain, health and psychological symptoms were analyzed. Salivary cortisol was measured both in daily life, to assess the circadian profile, and in the laboratory during light repetitive work and standardized psychosocial stress (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST). MYA and CON exhibited similar circadian rhythms and comparable salivary cortisol response magnitudes after TSST. In subjects defined as responders to the TSST, the mean peak time point of the cortisol response after TSST differed significantly between MYA and CON. Furthermore, negative psychological states and higher pain intensity were related to a slower HPA axis response to TSST. Low circadian variations in cortisol and smaller cortisol responses to TSST were found among subjects scoring high on anxiety sensitivity. Thus, a relatively favorable sample of female chronic trapezius myalgia patients exhibited normal circadian rhythm and normal salivary cortisol response magnitudes after a psychosocial stress test. In the subgroup of responders, the MYA group showed indications of a slower salivary cortisol response to psychosocial stress. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possibility of altered HPA axis activity in terms of a slower salivary cortisol response. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 35. |
- Söderberg, Håkan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
-
In video war games, are military personnel's fixation patterns different compared with those of civilians?
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology. - : Sage Publications. - 1557-380X .- 1548-5129. ; 11:4, s. 329-338
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For combat personnel in urban operations, situational awareness is critical and of major importance for a safe and efficient performance. One way to train situational awareness is to adopt video games. Twenty military and 20 civilian subjects played the game “Close Combat: First to Fight” on two different platforms, Xbox and PC, wearing an eye tracker. The purpose was to investigate if the visual search strategies used in a game correspond to live training, and how military-trained personnel search for visual information in a game environment. A total of 27,081 fixations were generated through a centroid mode algorithm and analyzed frame-by-frame, 48% of them from military personnel. Military personnel’s visual search strategies were different from those of civilians. Fixation durations were, however, equally short, that is, about 170 ms, for both groups. Surprisingly, the military-trained personnel’s fixation patterns were less orientated towards tactical objects and areas of interest than the civilians’; the underlying mechanisms remaining unclear. Military training was apparently not advantageous with respect to playing “Close Combat: First to Fight”. Further research within the area of gaming, military training and visual search strategies is warranted.
|
|
