| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bruch, Jessica, et al.
(author)
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Development of Robust Production Equipment : A guide to strong collaboration between users and suppliers
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The result of today’s global and increasingly tough competition is narrow market windows and a demand for quick volume increases in production. This in turn means increased demands for a rapid and effective development of production equipment that ensures high performance right at the start of production. Robust production equipment with a high level of production efficiency and reduced costs for operation and maintenance therefore make up one of the most important factors for strong competitiveness and high profitability for Swedish industrial enterprises. Strong collaboration between users and suppliers is the key to success in this type of investment project. This handbook therefore presents a model that can be used by manufacturing companies who want to develop robust production equipment. The model and the other recommendations of the handbook focus on projects that are to be carried out in strong collaboration and are targeted at both users and suppliers. The model has been deve-loped through “EQUIP – User-supplier integration in production equipment design”, which has received funding from the Knowledge Foundation 2013–2016. The model consists of seven development phases based on the production equipment life cycle: Phase 1 – Preliminary study Phase 2 – Concept study Phase 3 – Procurement Phase 4 – Detailed design Phase 5 – Construction Phase 6 – Installation and commissioning Phase 7 – Production In each phase, critical activity steps and recommendations are presented for how to distribute responsibility within and between the parties involved. The model adopts a life cycle perspective for development projects in order to facilitate collaboration and to more clearly visualise the link between activities and their impact on the project success. Within the scope of an investment project, there is a great potential for developing sustainable production solutions. For this reason, this handbook also presents seven guidelines that may provide you with support in developing production equipment that remains secure, lean and sustainable throughout the equipment life cycle. The main purpose of the handbook is to facilitate collaboration through the whole investment project in a way that benefits both parties and which contributes to lasting relationships. The results of the research project show that there is a great interest in improved collaboration from both users and suppliers. For this reason, support, tools and preparedness from both parties are required to venture into investing time and resources in collaboration from the beginning, in the early phases of a new development project. This is then the potential to lay the foundation for long-term collaboration and for designing the best possible production equipment in the shortest time possible.
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| 3. |
- Bruch, Jessica, et al.
(author)
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Utveckling av Robust Produktionsutrustning : En guide för god samverkan mellan beställare och leverantör
- 2016
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Av dagens globala och allt hårdare konkurrens följer korta marknadsfönster och krav på snabb volym- uppgång i produktion. Det innebär i sin tur ökade krav på snabb och effektiv utveckling av produktions- utrustning som säkerställer hög prestanda direkt vid produktionsstart. Robust produktionsutrustning med hög produktionseffektivitet och minskade kostnader för drift och underhåll är därför en av de viktigaste faktorerna för stark konkurrenskraft och hög lönsamhet för svenska industriföretag. God samverkan mellan beställare och leverantör är nyckeln till framgång i denna typ av investerings- projekt. Denna handbok presenterar därför en modell som kan användas av tillverkande företag som vill utveckla robust produktionsutrustning. Modellen och övriga rekommendationer i handboken fokuserar på projekt som ska genomföras i stark samverkan och riktar sig till både beställaren och leverantören. Den har utvecklats i forskningsprojektet ”EQUIP – kund- och leverantörsintegration i utformning av produktionsutrustning” som finansierats av KK-stiftelsen under 2013-2016. Modellen består av sju utvecklingsfaser som är baser- ade på produktionsutrustnings livscykel: Fas 1 – Förstudie Fas 2 – Konceptstudie Fas 3 – Upphandling Fas 4 – Detaljerad utformning Fas 5 – Uppbyggnad Fas 6 – Installation och driftsättning Fas 7 – Produktion I varje fas presenteras kritiska aktivitetssteg och rekommendationer för hur ansvaret för dessa bör fördelas inom och emellan deltagande parter. Modellen använder ett livscykelperspektiv för utvecklingsprojekt för att underlätta samverkan samt tydligare visualisera sambandet mellan aktiviteter och deras påverkan på projektets framgång. Inom ramen för ett investeringsprojekt finns stor potential att utveckla hållbara produktionslösningar. Därför presenterar denna handbok även sju guider som kan stödja er i att ta fram produktionsutrustning som är säker, lean och hållbar under hela utrustningens livscykel. Huvudsyftet med handboken är att underlätta samverkan under hela investeringsprojektet på ett sätt som gagnar båda parter och bidrar till varaktiga relationer. Forskningsprojektets resultat visar att det finns ett stort intresse för främjad samverkan från både beställ- are och leverantör. Därför behövs stöd, verktyg och beredskap från båda parter för att våga investera tid och resurser på samverkan redan från början, i de tidiga faserna av ett nytt utvecklingsprojekt. Det är då potentialen att lägga grunden till långsiktig samverkan och utforma bästa möjliga produktionsutrustning på kortast möjliga tid är som störst.
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| 4. |
- Ghaem Sigarchian, Sara
(author)
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Small-Scale Decentralized Energy Systems : optimization and performance analysis
- 2018
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Small-scale polygeneration energy systems, providing multiple energy services, such as heating, electricity, cooling, and clean water, using multiple energy sources (renewable and non-renewable) are considered an important component in the energy transition movement. Exploiting locally available energy sources and providing energy services close to the end users have potential environmental, economic, and societal benefits. Furthermore, integration of thermal and electro-chemical storages in the system can decrease fossil fuel consumption, particularly when applying a long-term perspective.Despite their promising potential, the global share of power generation by these systems, including the combined heat and power (CHP) systems, is relatively low in the current energy market. To investigate the applicability of these systems, their competitiveness in comparison with conventional energy solutions should be carefully analyzed in terms of energy, economy, and the environment. However, determining whether the implementation of a polygeneration system fulfills economic, energetic, and environmental criteria is a challenging process. Additionally, the design of such systems is a complex task, due to a system design with various generation and storage modules, and the continuous interaction between the modules, load demand fluctuations, and the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources.In this research study, a method to identify the optimal size for small-scale polygeneration systems and suitable operating strategies is proposed. Based on this method, a mathematical model is developed that can optimize the design in terms of energy, economy, and the environment relative to a reference system for a given application. Moreover, the developed model is used to investigate the effects of various parameters on the performance of the system, including, among others, the selected operating strategy and load characteristics as well the climate zones through a number of case studies. It is concluded that the application of a small-scale polygeneration energy system potentially has considerable energetic and environmental benefits. However, its economic feasibility varies from case to case. The concluding remarks are primarily intended to provide a general perception of the potential application of a polygeneration system as an alternative solution. It also provides a general understanding of the effects of various parameters on the design and performance of a complex polygeneration system.The results from various case studies demonstrate that the developed model can efficiently identify the optimal size of a polygeneration system and its performance relative to a reference system. This can support engineers and researchers as well as investors and other decision makers to realize whether a polygeneration system is a good choice for a specific case.
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| 5. |
- Idrizbegovic, Esma, et al.
(author)
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Central auditory function in early Alzheimer's disease and in mild cognitive impairment.
- 2011
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In: Age and Ageing. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-0729 .- 1468-2834. ; 40:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: to investigate auditory function in subjects with early Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and with subjective memory complaints, in search of signs of central auditory processing dysfunction even in early stages of cognitive impairment.DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: a consecutive group of men and women, referred to the Memory Clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital, was approached for inclusion in this prospective study. One hundred and thirty-six subjects, mean age 64 years (range 50-78 years), diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (n = 43), mild cognitive impairment (n = 59) or with subjective memory complaints (n = 34), were included.METHODS: auditory function was assessed with pure tone audiometry, speech perception in quiet and in background noise and dichotic digits tests with two or three digits.RESULTS: pure tone audiometry and speech perception scores in quiet and in background noise were normal for age and without between-group differences. Dichotic digits tests showed strongly significant differences between the three groups, where the Alzheimer's disease group performed significantly poorer than the other two groups, with the mild cognitive impairment group in an intermediate position.CONCLUSIONS: our results demonstrate that central auditory processing dysfunction is highly evident in subjects with Alzheimer's disease, and to a considerable extent even in subjects with mild cognitive impairment.
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| 6. |
- Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, et al.
(author)
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On-line Powerplant Control using Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy : OPtiC-NIRS, REPORT 2021:746
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) offers rapid on-line analysis of biomass feedstocks and can be utilized for process control of biomass- based combined heat and power plants. Within the OPtiC-NIRS project we have carried out a full-scale on-site testing of different NIRS for online powerplant control at the facilities of Mälarenergi and Eskilstuna Strängnäs Energi och Miljö. The project has been focused on developing and testing robust NIRS soft-sensors for fuel higher heating value and composition (incl. moisture, components such as recycle wood and glass, different type of plastics and ash) and combining them with dynamic models for on-line feed-forward process monitoring and control. Expected benefits include reduced risk of agglomeration and pollutant emissions formation as well as improved production control. A longer-term potential and ambition is to be able to identify the fossil content in municipal waste fuel, which can hopefully be addressed in a follow-up study.
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| 7. |
- Leijon, Arne, et al.
(author)
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Bayesian analysis of paired-comparison sound quality ratings
- 2019
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In: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 146:5, s. 3174-3183
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a method to analyze paired-comparison data including either binary or graded ordinal responses, with or without ties. The proposed method can use either of two classical choice models: (1) Thurstone case V, which assumes a Gaussian distribution of the sensory variables underlying listener decisions, or (2) the Bradley-Terry-Luce (BTL) model, which assumes a logistic distribution. The analysis method was validated using simulated paired-comparison experiments with known distributions of the sound-quality parameters in the simulated population from which "participants" were generated at random. The validation indicated that the Thurstone and BTL models give similar results close to the true values. The estimated credibility of a quality difference was slightly higher with the BTL model. The analysis results showed dramatically better precision when the response data included graded ordinal judgments instead of binary responses. Allowing tied responses also tended to improve precision. The method was also applied to data from a real evaluation of hearing-aid programs. The analysis revealed clinically interesting results with high statistical credibility, although the amount of test data was limited.
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| 8. |
- Leijon, Arne, et al.
(author)
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Bayesian Analysis of Phoneme Confusion Matrices
- 2016
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In: IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING. - : IEEE. - 2329-9290. ; 24:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a parametric Bayesian approach to the statistical analysis of phoneme confusion matrices measured for groups of individual listeners in one or more test conditions. Two different bias problems in conventional estimation of mutual information are analyzed and explained theoretically. Evaluations with synthetic datasets indicate that the proposed Bayesian method can give satisfactory estimates of mutual information and response probabilities, even for phoneme confusion tests using a very small number of test items for each phoneme category. The proposed method can reveal overall differences in performance between two test conditions with better power than conventional Wilcoxon significance tests or conventional confidence intervals. The method can also identify sets of confusion-matrix cells that are credibly different between two test conditions, with better power than a similar approximate frequentist method.
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| 9. |
- Patterson, Chris, et al.
(author)
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Diabetes in the young - a global view and worldwide estimates of numbers of children with type 1 diabetes
- 2014
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In: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8227 .- 1872-8227. ; 103:2, s. 161-175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes the methodology, results and limitations of the 2013 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Atlas (6th edition) estimates of the worldwide numbers of prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes in children (<15 years). The majority of relevant information in the published literature is in the form of incidence rates derived from registers of newly diagnosed cases. Studies were graded on quality criteria and, if no information was available in the published literature, extrapolation was used to assign a country the rate from an adjacent country with similar characteristics. Prevalence rates were then derived from these incidence rates and applied to United Nations 2012 Revision population estimates for 2013 for each country to obtain estimates of the number of prevalent cases. Data availability was highest for the countries in Europe (76%) and lowest for the countries in sub-Saharan Africa (8%). The prevalence estimates indicate that there are almost 500,000 children aged under 15 years with type 1 diabetes worldwide, the largest numbers being in Europe (129,000) and North America (108,700). Countries with the highest estimated numbers of new cases annually were the United States (13,000), India (10,900) and Brazil (5000). Compared with the prevalence estimates made in previous editions of the IDF Diabetes Atlas, the numbers have increased in most of the IDF Regions, often reflecting the incidence rate increases that have been well-documented in many countries. Monogenic diabetes is increasingly being recognised among those with clinical features of type 1 or type 2 diabetes as genetic studies become available, but population-based data on incidence and prevalence show wide variation due to lack of standardisation in the studies. Similarly, studies on type 2 diabetes in childhood suggest increased incidence and prevalence in many countries, especially in Indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities, but detailed population-based studies remain limited.
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| 10. |
- Trosten, Torbjörn, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Energy Optimal Switching Frequency for a 750V Metro Traction Drive Using Silicon Carbide MOSFET Inverter
- 2018
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In: Energy Optimal Switching Frequency for a 750V Metro Traction Drive Using Silicon Carbide MOSFET Inverter.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The introduction of Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET based inverters into the traction drive makes it possible to increase the inverter switching frequency and reduce energy consumption. This paper describes how to model switching frequency dependent losses in the traction drive and compares the calculated losses to measurements done on a newly developed SiC MOSFET based traction drive. The results from the developed loss models of motor and inverter agrees well with the results from energy measurements. This paper concludes that the energy use of the traction motor and inverter can be simulated well using simple models where skin-effect losses in the motor are modelled in detailed. This paper also concludes that in terms of energy efficiency, the optimal switching frequency using a SiC MOSFET based inverter, is in the range of 3-6 kHz.
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| 11. |
- Udomsri, Seksan
(author)
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Combined Electricity Production and Thermally Driven Cooling from Municipal Solid Waste
- 2011
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Increasingly intensive efforts are being made to enhance energy systems via augmented introduction of renewable energy along with improved energy efficiency. Resource constraints and sustained high fossil fuel prices have created a new phenomenon in the world market. Enhanced energy security and renewable energy development are currently high on public agenda worldwide for achieving a high standard of welfare for future generations. Biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) have widely been accepted as important locally-available renewable energy sources offering low carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Concerning solid waste management, it has become a critical issue in Southeast Asia since the most popular form for waste disposal still employs open dumping and landfilling. While the need for a complete sustainable energy solution is apparent, solid waste management is also an essential objective, so it makes sense to explore ways in which the two can be joined. Electricity production in combination with energy recovery from flue gases in thermal treatment plants is an integral part of MSW management for many industrialized nations. In Sweden, MSW is considered as an important fuel resource for partially meeting EU environmental targets within cogeneration. However it is normally difficult to justify traditional cogeneration in tropical locations since there is little need for the heat produced. Similarly, MSW-fired cogeneration usually operates with low capacity during non-heating season in Sweden. Therefore, it is very important to find new alternatives for energy applications from waste, such as the implementation of thermally driven cooling processes via absorption cooling in addition to electricity production. The work presented herein concentrates first on an investigation of electricity generation from MSW power plants and various energy applications from waste in tropical urban areas. The potential for various types of absorption chillers driven by MSW power plants for providing both electricity and cooling is of particular interest. Additionally a demonstration and analysis of decentralized thermally driven cooling in district heating network supplied by low temperature heat from a cogeneration of MSW have been conducted. This study aims at developing the best system configuration as well as finding improved system design and control for a combination of district heating and distributed thermally driven cooling. Results show that MSW incineration has the ability to lessen environmental impacts associated with waste disposal, and it can contribute positively towards expanding biomass-based energy production in Southeast Asia. For electricity production, the proposed hybrid dual-fuel (MSW/natural gas) cycles feature attractive electrical efficiency improvements, leading to greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Cogeneration coupled with thermally driven cooling is a solution that holds promise for uniting enhanced sustainability with economic advantages. The system offers great opportunity for primary energy saving, increasing electrical yield and can significantly reduce CO2 emissions per unit of cooling as compared to compression chiller. The demonstration and simulation have also revealed that there is a potential with some modifications and improvements to employ decentralized thermally driven cooling in district heating networks even in temperate regions like Sweden. Thus, expanding cogeneration towards trigeneration can augment the energy supply for summer months in Europe and for year-round cooling in tropical locations.
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