| 1. |
- Björ, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Fifty-year-follow-up of mortality among a cohort of iron-ore miners in Sweden, with specific reference to myocardial infarction mortality
- 2009
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - London : BMJ Publishing Group. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 66:4, s. 264-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study investigates both general mortality and mortality from myocardial infarction among men employed in iron-ore mines in Sweden.Methods: The mortality of employees (surface and underground workers) at the iron-ore mines in Malmberget and Kiruna, Sweden was investigated. The study cohort comprised men who had been employed for at least 1 year between 1923 and 1996. The causes of death were obtained from the national cause of death register from 1952 to 2001. Indirect standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated for four main causes. Mortality specifically from myocardial infarction was also analysed.Results: 4504 deaths in the cohort gave an SMR for total mortality of 1.05 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.09). Mortality was significantly higher for lung cancer (SMR 1.73, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.97). There was an increased risk of injuries and poisonings (SMR 1.34, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.46) and respiratory diseases (SMR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.28). There were 1477 cases of myocardial infarction, resulting in an SMR of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.18). SMR was higher (1.35, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.50) for men aged ≤60 years than for those >60 years of age (1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.13).Conclusions: Mortality from myocardial infarction was higher than expected. There was also an increased risk of death from injuries and poisonings, lung cancer and respiratory diseases, as well as higher general mortality. Our findings support the results of previous studies that there is an association between working in the mining industry and adverse health outcomes.
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| 2. |
- Boström, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ämnesdidaktisk forskning med relevans för språkdidaktik; teoretiska utgångspunkter, empiriska iakttagelser samt didaktiska konsekvenser : Vad har vi fått veta, hur, varför och hur kan vi använda oss av kunskaperna?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Språk för framtiden. Rapport från ASLA:s höstsymposium, Falun 12-13 november 2010. Language for the Future.. - : Svenska föreningen för tillämpad språkvetenskap. ; , s. 44-60
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ämnesdidaktik är ett centralt kompetensområde för skolors praktiska verksamheter. Studier utförs inom skilda discipliner, men vilken konkret, ny kunskap genereras och hur synliggörs den? I denna studie sammanförs olika teoretiska synsätt och metodologiska ansatser inom ämnesdidaktik och vissa didaktiska aspekter reanalyseras för att tillvarata och konkretisera kunskaper utifrån tre empiriska studier med relevans för språkdidaktik. Vi exemplifierar hur de sammantaget kan ligga till grund för didaktisk verksamhet i allmänhet och språkdidaktik i synnerhet. Studien grundas på en explorativ design. Med en språklig och diskursiv analys jämför vi egenskaper och resultat i avhandlingarna samt analyserar samband och skillnader mellan de skilda sociala praktikerna. Slutsatserna är att språkdidaktik rymmer liknande komplexitet som framskymtar inom allmändidaktik. Följande gemensamma faktorer av avgörande betydelse kan skönjas; multimodalitet, medvetna metodiska val, kognitiva utmaningar, metakognitiv utveckling i interaktionen språk och tanke, motivation och intresse utifrån elevernas verkligheter, individualisering och samspel, funktionalitet och retorisk flexibilitet i språkkunskaper samt vikten av lärares reflekterande färdigheter. Studien a) pekar på möjligheter med ett multi- och transdisciplinärt, forskande förhållningssätt inom ämnesdidaktik, b) bidrar till integrering av forskning och skolpraktik samt c) sätter språkdidaktik i förgrunden i ett pragmatiskt perspektiv samt d) betonar samspelet mellan olika ämnesdidaktiska perspektiv.
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| 3. |
- Boström, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
Ämnesdidaktisk forskning med relevans för språkdidaktik; teoretiska utgångspunkter, empiriska iakttagelser samt didaktiska konsekvenser. : Vad har vi fått veta, hur, varför och hur kan vi använda oss av kunskaperna?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: ASLAs årsbok 2010. - Uppsala : ASLA, Swedish Science Press. ; , s. 44-60
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ämnesdidaktik är ett centralt kompetensområde för skolors praktiska verksamheter. Studier utförs inom skilda discipliner, men vilken konkret, ny kunskap genereras och hur synliggörs den? I denna studie sammanförs olika teoretiska synsätt och metodologiska ansatser inom ämnesdidaktik och vissa didaktiska aspekter reanalyseras för att tillvarata och konkretisera kunskaper utifrån tre empiriska studier med relevans för språkdidaktik. Vi exemplifierar hur de sammantaget kan ligga till grund för didaktisk verksamhet i allmänhet och språkdidaktik i synnerhet. Studien grundas på en explorativ design. Med en språklig och diskursiv analys jämför vi egenskaper och resultat från tre avhandlingar, samt analyserar samband och skillnader. Slutsatserna är att språkdidaktik rymmer liknande komplexitet som allmändidaktik. Följande gemensamma faktorer av avgörande betydelse kan skönjas; multimodalitet, medvetna metodiska val, kognitiva utmaningar, metakognitiv utveckling i interaktionen språk och tanke, motivation och intresse utifrån elevernas verkligheter, individualisering och samspel, funktionalitet och retorisk flexibilitet i språkkunskaper samt vikten av lärares reflekterande färdigheter. Studien a) pekar på möjligheter med ett multi- och transdisciplinärt, forskande förhållningssätt inom ämnesdidaktik, b) bidrar till integrering av forskning och skolpraktik c) sätter språkdidaktik i förgrunden i ett pragmatiskt perspektiv samt d) betonar samspelet mellan olika ämnesdidaktiska perspektiv.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bergdahl, Ingvar A, et al.
(författare)
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Lung cancer and exposure to quartz and diesel exhaust in Swedish iron ore miners with concurrent exposure to radon
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 67:8, s. 513-518
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Studies of underground miners have documented an increased risk of lung cancer mainly linked to radon exposure but possibly influenced by other concurrent exposures. METHODS: A cohort study was carried out in 8321 iron ore miners with low exposure to radon, employed in 1923-1998 and followed up for lung cancer in 1958-2000. Historical exposures to radon, crystalline silica and diesel exhaust were assessed. Data including exposure to radon, quartz and diesel exhaust from another mine with higher exposure to radon were reanalysed. RESULTS: Miners had increased risk for lung cancer (SIR 1.48 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.78), based on 112 cases during 227,000 person-years). The increased risk could not be explained by exposure to radon or diesel exhaust but was associated with exposure to crystalline silica: SIR 0.96 (0.53 to 1.62), 1.45 (1.10 to 1.87), 1.99 (1.31 to 2.90) and 1.77 (0.92 to 3.10) in groups with exposure to 0, 0-2, 2-5 and >5 mg years/m3, respectively. Reanalysis of data from the other mine indicated that quartz was a possible confounder in the analysis of relationship between radon and lung cancer. In the highest radon exposed group, the point estimate for the RR decreased from 5.65 to 3.90 when adjusting for concurrent exposure to quartz. CONCLUSIONS: Crystalline silica, a known carcinogen, probably affects lung cancer risk in iron ore miners. The main implication of the results is for interpretation of the dose-response curve for radon and lung cancer in underground iron ore miners. Since exposure to radon and quartz is often correlated, quartz exposure can be an important confounder.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Björ, Ove, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between standard methods and structural nested modelling when bias from a healthy worker survivor effect is suspected : an iron-ore mining cohort study
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 72:7, s. 536-542
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Iron-ore miners are exposed to extremely dusty and physically arduous work environments. The demanding activities of mining select healthier workers with longer work histories (ie, the Healthy Worker Survivor Effect (HWSE)), and could have a reversing effect on the exposure-response association. The objective of this study was to evaluate an iron-ore mining cohort to determine whether the effect of respirable dust was confounded by the presence of an HWSE. Methods When an HWSE exists, standard modelling methods, such as Cox regression analysis, produce biased results. We compared results from g-estimation of accelerated failure-time modelling adjusted for HWSE with corresponding unadjusted Cox regression modelling results. Results For all-cause mortality when adjusting for the HWSE, cumulative exposure from respirable dust was associated with a 6% decrease of life expectancy if exposed >= 15 years, compared with never being exposed. Respirable dust continued to be associated with mortality after censoring outcomes known to be associated with dust when adjusting for the HWSE. In contrast, results based on Cox regression analysis did not support that an association was present. Conclusions The adjustment for the HWSE made a difference when estimating the risk of mortality from respirable dust. The results of this study, therefore, support the recommendation that standard methods of analysis should be complemented with structural modelling analysis techniques, such as g-estimation of accelerated failure-time modelling, to adjust for the HWSE.
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| 8. |
- Björ, Ove, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Do physical workload or temperature characteristics in an outdoor workingenvironment explain deviating rates of mortality and incidental cancer? A cohort study based on iron-ore mining.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background A cohort study that examined iron ore mining found negative associations between cumulative working time employed underground and several severe outcomes. In this cohort study, and using the same group of miners, we examined whether heavy physical workload or the temperature characteristics represented by an outdoor working environment could explain these lower rates.Method This study was based on a Swedish iron ore mining cohort consisting of 13000 workers employed between 1923 and 1998. Exposure was defined as cumulative employment time in heavy physical workload or outdoor work. Poisson regression models were used to generate smoothed estimates of standardized morbidity ratios and adjusted rate ratios, both models by cumulative exposure time. SMRs for different cohort subgroups were used to compare the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease mortality to the reference population.Results The adjusted rate ratio between employment classified as outdoor work ≥25 years and short term outdoor work was 1.62 (95% CI 1.07–2.42). The subgroup underground work ≥15 years deviated most in occurrence of cerebrovascular disease mortality compared with the reference population: SMR (0.70 (95% CI 0.56–0.85)). No elevated rates were associated with cumulative employment time representing heavy physical workloads.Conclusion Employment in temperature shifting outdoor environments was associated with elevated rates of cerebrovascular disease mortality. In contrast, work in tempered underground employment was associated with a protecting effect. Based on selected groups of mortalities, physically heavy workloads did not protect for mortality later in life.
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| 9. |
- Björ, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Is outdoor work associated with elevated rates of cerebrovascular disease mortality? : a cohort study based on iron-ore mining
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6673. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A cohort study that examined iron ore mining found negative associations between cumulative working time employed underground and several outcomes, including mortality of cerebrovascular diseases. In this cohort study, and using the same group of miners, we examined whether work in an outdoor environment could explain elevated cerebrovascular disease rates.METHODS: This study was based on a Swedish iron ore mining cohort consisting of 13,000 workers. Poisson regression models were used to generate smoothed estimates of standardized mortality ratios and adjusted rate ratios, both models by cumulative exposure time in outdoor work.RESULTS: The adjusted rate ratio between employment classified as outdoor work ≥25 years and outdoor work 0-4 years was 1.62 (95 % CI 1.07-2.42). The subgroup underground work ≥15 years deviated most in occurrence of cerebrovascular disease mortality compared with the external reference population: SMR (0.70 (95 % CI 0.56-0.85)).CONCLUSIONS: Employment in outdoor environments was associated with elevated rates of cerebrovascular disease mortality. In contrast, work in tempered underground employment was associated with a protecting effect.
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| 10. |
- Björ, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow-up study of mortality and the incidence of cancer in a cohort of workers at a primary aluminum smelter in Sweden
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 34:6, s. 463-470
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Previous studies on mortality and the incidence of cancer among workers at primary aluminum smelters have produced conclusive results indicating an elevated risk of bladder cancer. An increased risk of lung cancer has also been reported several times. The objective of this study was to examine mortality and the incidence of cancer at a Swedish aluminum smelter when different neighboring reference populations were used to evaluate any relationships to the length of employment. METHODS: A historical cohort--comprised of 2264 male nonoffice workers employed from 1942 on and tracked up to the year 2000--was examined. With the use of three reference populations for mortality and four for cancer incidence, standardized mortality and incidence ratios were calculated, together with hazard ratios derived from Cox regression models. RESULTS: This study showed an excess risk of mortality due to chronic obstructive lung disease, mental disorders, and diseases of the digestive system among the short-term workers. An elevated risk of cancer was found for the lungs, central nervous system, and esophagus. The highest lung cancer risk was observed for the workers employed for > or = 10 years in the factory when they were compared with the reference group from northern Sweden (standardized incidence ratio 1.99, 95% confidence ratio 1.21-3.07). CONCLUSIONS: The results support previous studies that demonstrated an excess risk of lung cancer, but, in contrast to the results of most studies, cancer of the central nervous system was also elevated. This study did not, however, verify an association between this type of exposure and cancer of the urinary organs.
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| 11. |
- Björ, Ove, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced mortality rates in a cohort of long-term underground iron-ore miners
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 56:5, s. 531-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Historically, working in iron-ore mines has been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer and silicosis. However, studies on other causes of mortality are inconsistent and in the case of cancer incidence, sparse. The aim of this study was to examine the association between iron-ore mining, mortality and cancer incidence.Methods A 54-year cohort study on iron-ore miners from mines in northern Sweden was carried out comprising 13,000 workers. Standardized rate ratios were calculated comparing the disease frequency, mortality, and cancer incidence with that of the general population of northern Sweden. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between the durations of employment and underground work, and outcome.Results Underground mining was associated with a significant decrease in adjusted mortality rate ratios for cerebrovascular and digestive system diseases, and stroke. For several outcomes, elevated standardized rate ratios were observed among blue-collar workers relative to the reference population. However, only the incidence of lung cancer increased with employment time underground (P<0.001).Conclusions Long-term iron-ore mining underground was associated with lower rates regarding several health outcomes. This is possibly explained by factors related to actual job activities, environmental exposure, or the selection of healthier workers for long-term underground employment.Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:531540, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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| 12. |
- Björ, Ove, 1967-
(författare)
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Strategies for assessing health risks from two occupational cohorts within the domain of northern Sweden
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Studies based on a cohort design requires access to both subject-specific and period-specific information. In order to conduct an occupational cohort study, access to exposure information and the possibility and permission to link information on outcomes from other registers are generally necessary. The analysis phase is also aggravated by its added complexity because of the longitudinal dimension of the cohort’s data.This thesis aims at increasing the knowledge on hazards from work on fatalities and cancer within the domain of cohort studies on miners and metal refiners and to study the complexity of the analysis by discussing and suggesting analytical strategies.Methods: The study population for this thesis consisted of a cohort of 2264 blue-collar aluminium smelter workers (paper I) and a cohort of 13000 blue-collar iron-ore miners (papers II-IV), both followed for over 50 years. The outcomes were collected from the Swedish Cause of Death Register and the Swedish Cancer Register. The primary methods of analysis were either Standardized Morbidity Ratios (SMR) or internal comparisons based on Cox or Poisson regression modeling. In paper IV, a g-estimation based on an accelerated failure-time model was performed to estimate the survival ratio.Results: The results from paper I suggested that working as a blue-collar worker metal refiner was associated with increased rates of incidental lung cancer. Elevated rates among short term workers were observed for several outcomes. Paper I also showed that the choice of reference population when calculating SMR could influence the conclusions of the results. In paper II, several outcomes were elevated among the miners compared to the reference population from northern Sweden. However, no outcome except lung cancer was associated with cumulative employment time. The most recurrent pattern of the results was the negative association between cumulative employment time underground and several outcomes. The results from paper III showed that cumulative employment time working outdoors was associated with increased rates of cerebrovascular disease mortality. However, employment with heavy physical workloads did not explain the previously observed decreasing rates in the selected groups of outcomes. The adjustment for the healthy worker survivor effect by g-estimation in paper IV suggested that exposure from respirable dust was associated with elevated mortality risks that could not be observed with standard analytical methods.Conclusion: Our studies found several rates from the cohorts that were elevated compared to external refererence populations but also that long term employments generally were associated with decreasing rates. Furthermore, incidental lung cancer rates was found elevated for the metal refiners. Among the miners, mortality rates of cerebrovascular diseases depended on if work was performed outdoor (higher rates) or underground (lower rates). Methodologically, this thesis has discussed different analytical strategies for handling confounding in occupational cohort studies. Paper IV showed that the healthy worker survivor effect could be adjusted for by performing g-estimation.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Boström, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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A Rapid Transition from Campus to Emergent Distant Education : Effects on Students’ Study Strategies in Higher Education
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Education Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2227-7102. ; 11:11, s. 721-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a literature review focusing on international research concerning distance education and students’ study strategies during the last 20 years. As distance education in higher education is a steadily growing trend and in particular because the COVID-19 pandemic has escalated the transition from campus education to different forms of distance education, knowledge about students’ study strategies and appropriate teaching strategies has become highly important. With this research review, we aimed to identify patterns and trends in research on distance education focusing students study strategies before and after the pandemic. The research synthesis identified and interpreted similarities and differences in the studies’ designs and findings, which we analyzed using integrative thematic analysis. Students’ study strategies seem to have changed to some extent during the pandemic, with more emphasis on their own responsibility and the need for a developed teaching strategy to align with the changing framework related to the emergency provision of distance education. We concluded that students have to develop metacognitive strategies, because self-regulated learning and a more flexible pedagogy seem to be important in teachers’ transitions and competence in digitalization. Therefore, more research targeting these aspects is needed.
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| 15. |
- Boström, Lena, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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University students’ study strategies before and during the pandemic : Experiences from Swedish students
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Social Sciences & Humanities Open. - 2590-2911. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pandemic has affected students’ studying methods. The purpose of the article is to gain insight into the waysstudents’ study strategies have changed after transitioning from on-campus to full-distance education. An in-depth understanding is important for designing learning activities and teaching regarding distance educationand flexible learning. The study is based on a survey administered to 347 students via strategical sampling, andthe empirical material is analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that many studentsdisplayed difficulties in addressing and explaining both their former and present study strategies, something thatcan be linked to the lower degree of concentration and attention they described during the pandemic. This resultindicates that the framework of the courses provided should pay more attention to study strategies. Havingawareness of one’s learning strategies can also be linked to the ability to set goals and plan for the studies, self-regulated learning, which is altogether an important component for studying success. Based on these results, wealso discuss the ways to develop students’ study strategies that favor academic success. Furthermore, we drawconclusions about how students can conduct their studies in the best way to improve their own conditions andcreate a basis for meta-learning that assists them in lifelong learning.
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| 16. |
- Dahlström, Helene
(författare)
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Förutsättningar för elevers textskapande : En studie om digitala resurser, multimodalitet och elevers handlingsmöjligheter
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern society is characterised by change. Humans’ ways of communicating have changed in many ways due to society’s social, linguistic, cultural and textual plurality. The digitalisation of society has contributed considerably to the changed conditions for communication and representation that have emerged. Given these new conditions, it is crucial to increase the body of knowledge about how digital resources shape possibilities for students’ participation in text activities in school. The purpose of this thesis was to increase the understanding about the role of digital resources for middle school students' meaning-making as they create text in school. The theoretical point of departures includes multimodal social semiotics and multiliteracies. The participants included 111 Swedish middle school students. A multiple methods design was used in this thesis and included multimodal text analysis, interviews, a survey and multimodal analysis of video observations. Four studies were conducted. Overall, the results of the thesis indicated that the use of digital resources enabled students to create texts on more equal terms an dactively participate in writing activities. When designing texts with access to multiple modes, students used digital resources and various modes in diverse ways. Some students chose to use only writing, whereas others utilised the whole range of available resources. Students appeared to choose modes based on previous experiences and modal preferences. The availability of multiple modes during the digital text design process could mean that some students’ text design experiences in the home environment were recognised in the school context. For a few students, the allowances offered by digital and modal resources enabled them to actually create stories, which was rather difficult when using the mode of writing alone. An analysis of the content of students’ texts indicated that many students were influenced by the popular culture texts that they engaged with in informal settings. The pedagogical implications for literacy practices include and recognising students’ experiences from engaging with texts in informal settings, whether popular or not, in the classroom environment to connect students’ life and classroom experiences. This form of education is built on plurality and students’ resources.
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| 17. |
- Damber, Lena, 1950-
(författare)
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Lung cancer in males : an epidemiological study in northern Sweden with special regard to smoking and occupation
- 1986
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a case-control study comprising 589 cases of male lung cancer in northern Sweden longitudinal data concerning occupations, employments and smoking habits were collected by questionnaires.Pipe smoking was as common as cigarette smoking and gave very similar relative risk. The pipe smoking cases, however, had significantly higher mean age and mean smoking years at the time of diagnosis than the cigarette smoking cases. In ex- smokers, the relative risk gradually decreased from 5 years after smoking cessation but this decrease was much less pronounced in ex-pipe smokers than in ex-cigarette smokers. High relative risks were obtained for small cell and squamous cell carcinomas. For adenocarcinoma the relative risk was considerably lower but still significantly increased. The population etiologic fraction attributable to smoking was about 80% in this series.Some occupational groups (underground miners, copper smelter workers, electricians and plumbers) exposed to previously known lung carcinogenic agents had considerably increased odds ratios, which persisted after adjustment for smoking. A slightly elevated odds ratio was observed in a group of blue collar workers potentially exposed to lung carcinogenic agents but this elevation generally disappeared after adjustment for smoking. For two specific subgroups, asphalt and concrete workers and pulp workers, the overrisk persisted after adjustment for smoking. Farmers and foresters had strikingly low odds ratios, which could only partly be explained by their more moderate smoking habits. The population etiologic fraction attributable to occupation was in the reported material assessed to 9 per cent.Professional drivers had higher average tobacco consumption than non-drivers, which explained the slightly increased crude odds ratio found for the occupational group as a whole. Smoking drivers in an upper age group (70 and over), however, had a high relative risk of lung cancer, while in a lower age group (under 70) no significant increase was found. The results in the older age group suggested a multiplicative effect between smoking and the occupational exposure.The study clearly verified the increased lung cancer risk in underground miners. An obvious dose-response relation was found with high risk after long time exposure. All analyses concerning underground miners suggested an interaction of a multiplicative type between underground mining and smoking in the causation of lung cancer. The cases of small cell carcinoma among the underground miners had shorter average latency time and in contrast to the other part of the material, shorter average age than the cases with epidermoid cancer.
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| 18. |
- Damber, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental study of Russian and Swedish value systems
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to develop a method comparing Russian and Swedish value systems with the overarching aim to increase the understanding in intercultural communication. Value systems, as organized systems of nationally specific social concepts, are viewed as part of the cognitive, mental representations determining the behaviour of both individuals and communities. In comparative studies of value systems concepts in the national languages are often translated into English. Our Russian-Swedish project has indicated that similar national concepts, when translated into English, expose significant differences in their connotations. For example, when comparing the Swedish and Russian translations of ‘security’, much of the nationally specific contents are lost, thus, making data invalid. To overcome this problem, methods were developed to obtain comparable data, by use of experimental design, employing Russian and Swedish university students as informants. In our presentation we will explicate how simple value concepts coinciding for the two cultures were obtained and how differences in similar concepts were identified. We will describe the overall structure of the multilayer value systems of both countries, where similarities and differences related to gender and ethnicity, are made visible. The methodology, results and presumptive usages of these methods will be presented.
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| 19. |
- Damber, Ulla, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Dyslexic but Determined: A Qualitative Study of Seven Dyslexic Swedish Student Teachers
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article takes its starting point in the UN Declaration of Human Rights, where everyone’s right to professional education is stated. Seven Swedish dyslexic student teachers were interviewed in depth about how they perceived their educational trajectories from childhood and onwards, and how their present studying situation was perceived. How and when did they get their diagnosis and which effects did it have? How did they perceive the compensatory support provided by the university and what further needs to support their academic performance did they express? Along with the answers to these questions, a discussion about the deficit discourse versus acknowledgement of the strengths of the dyslexic students will follow. The students’ self-image linked to the reactions to the students’ reading and writing problems and received compensatory aid, both at home, in school and at university, will be analyzed. Issues like the role of the diagnosis, impact of socio-economic background factors, implications of both compulsory school teachers’ and university teachers’ lack of sufficient knowledge of how to support dyslexic students, will also be discussed. Finally, the supportive role of the student counselor will be highlighted.
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| 20. |
- Damber, Ulla, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in value systems exposed by Russian and Swedish university students
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we pinpoint the similarities and differences between students at a Russian university and a Swedish university regarding the students’ value-systems. Which similarities and which differences are there between male Swedish students and male Russian students and which differences are there between the female students in the two countries? Our interest was directed towards the gender differences between the two countries. A method, employing three phases was developed for analyses of value systems in the two countries. Students, who as a category, often challenge existing value-systems, were chosen as informants. Student samples from each country, in number varying between 63-100 respondents, provided data in the three sub-studies. The results indicated that similar national concepts, when translated into English, exposed significant differences in their connotations, a phenomenon which will be discussed in relation to implications for intercultural communication. In particular, the concepts of democracy and gender equality will be highlighted. Differences and similarities related to gender and nationality constitute the bulk of the discussion. A major finding was that concepts describing close inter-personal relations, such as friendship and love, were cross-nationally higher rated than values more distant from the individual’s private life world, such as democracy and equal rights.
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| 21. |
- Damber, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in value systems expressed by Russian and Swedish university students
- 2011
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Ingår i: Citizenship, Social and Economics Education. - : SAGE Publications. - 1478-8047 .- 2047-1734. ; 10:2, 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the authors pinpoint the similarities and differences between students at a Russian university and a Swedish university regarding the students’ value systems. What similarities and what differences are there between male Swedish students and male Russian students, and what similarities and what differences are there between the female students in the two countries? The authors’ interest was directed towards the gender differences between the two countries. A method employing three phases was developed for analyses of the value systems in the two countries. Students, who, as a category, often challenge existing value systems, were chosen as informants. Student samples from each country, varying in number from 63 to 100 informants, provided data in the three sub-studies. The results indicated that similar national concepts, when translated into English, exposed significant differences in their connotations, a phenomenon which is discussed in relation to implications for intercultural communication. In particular, the concepts of democracy and gender equality are highlighted. Differences and similarities related to gender and nationality constitute the bulk of the discussion. A major finding was that concepts describing close interpersonal relations, such as friendship and love, were cross-nationally rated higher than values more distant from the individual’s private world, such as democracy and equal rights.
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| 22. |
- Damber, Ulla, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Sustainable Development Work Aimed at Promoting Mental Health among Municipal Adult Students with Mental Health Problems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Insights on the Depression and Anxiety. - 2640-2882. ; 7:1, s. 016-017
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study focuses on students and teachers in Swedish Municipal Adult Education, in a project aimed at helping students with diagnoses within the neuropsychiatric spectrum. The project aimed to support students to complete their studies for further higher education. As this is an overlooked group of students research results provide insights into students’ views on the project and conclusions regarding the sustainability of school development. In this qualitative study, five teachers and four teachers were observed and in-depth interviewed. Data were analyzed through inductive content analysis. Authentic relations between students and teachers, signified by mutual trust, proved important. As the teachers themselves had originated the ideas guiding the project, the development work had good prior conditions for further sustainable development. We conclude that autonomous teachers, who set up joint goals and provide individualized support for these students, enable academic success when flexibility, relations, and self-esteem characterize the work.
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| 23. |
- Damber, Ulla, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish student teachers’ perceptions of consequences of the teacher shortage for their future profession
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Social Sciences & Humanities Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-2911. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current teacher shortage is a global phenomenon, and it has spurred research from various perspectives. However, there is limited research on student teachers’ perceptions, in particular in the Nordic countries. This study, therefore, is based on 75 student teachers’ perceptions of the teacher shortage and its consequences for their future profession, their students, and society at large. Empirical data was analysed with reflexive thematic analysis and following Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. The answers show great concern from all three perspectives. The conclusions are that the teacher shortage must be understood and addressed on a broad front that includes student teachers.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Causes of death in the Sami population of Sweden, 1961-2000.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 34:3, s. 623-629
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Indigenous people often have a pattern of mortality that is disadvantageous in comparison with the general population. The knowledge on causes of death among the Sami, the natives of northern Scandinavia, is limited. The aim of the present study was to compare gender and cause specific mortality patterns for reindeer herding Sami, non-herding Sami, and non-Sami between 1961 and 2000. METHODS: A Sami cohort was constructed departing from a group of index-Sami identified as either reindeer herding Sami or Sami eligible to vote for the Sami parliament. Relatives of index-Sami were identified in the National Kinship Register and added to the cohort. The cohort contained a total of 41 721 people (7482 reindeer herding Sami and 34 239 non-herding Sami). A demographically matched non-Sami reference population four times as large, was compiled in the same way. Relative mortality risks were analysed by calculating standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). RESULTS: The differences in overall mortality and life expectancy of the Sami, both reindeer herding and non-herding, compared with the reference population were relatively small. However, Sami men showed significantly lower SMR for cancers but higher for external causes of injury. For Sami women, significantly higher SMR was found for diseases of the circulatory system and diseases of the respiratory system. An increased risk of dying from subarachnoid haemorrhage was observed among both Sami men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The similarities in mortality patterns are probably a result of centuries of close interaction between the Sami and the non-Sami, while the observed differences might be due to lifestyle, psychosocial and/or genetic factors.
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| 26. |
- Hassler, Sven, et al.
(författare)
-
Fatal accidents and suicide among reindeer-herding Sami in Sweden
- 2004
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 63 Suppl 2, s. 384-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Over the last decades, reindeer-herding management has experienced drarnatic changes, e.g. increased motorization and socio-econornic pressure. The airn of the present study was to investigate whether these changes have increased the risk of fatal, work-related accidents and suicide between 1961 and 2000. Study design and methods. A c oh ort containing 7,482 members of reindeer-herding Sami families was extracted from national population registers. Information on fatal accidents and suicide was obtained from the Swedish Causes of Death Register, and compared to the expected number of deaths in a dernographica11y matched control population of non-Sami. Results. The ffiale reindeer her- ding Sami showed a significantly increased risk of dying from accidents such as vehicle accidents and poisoning. No significant increased risk of suicide was observed. A comparison between the periods of 1961-1980 and 1981- 2000 showed non-significant differences in risk, although a trend towards incre- ased risks was observed for most types of external causes of death except suicide. Conclusions. It is suggested that the increased socio-econornic pressure and the extensive use of terrain vehicles have increased the risk for fatal accidents arnong Swedish reindeer herders, and that commercial reindeer ma- nagement is one of the most dangerous occupations in Sweden
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| 27. |
- Jonsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Lung cancer risk and radon exposure in a cohort of iron ore miners in Malmberget, Sweden
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 67:8, s. 519-525
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Lung cancer caused by radon in miners is a well-known risk. However, the risk estimates vary between studies and between mines. We have studied the dose response-relationship in a Swedish iron ore mine where two other studies have previously reached different risk estimates. As this mine has relatively low radon levels, the results are highly relevant for risk estimation in non-uranium underground mines.METHODS: A new cohort of 5486 male workers employed from 1923 to 1996 was established. Cumulative radon exposures were assessed based on a large number of measurements, including reconstructions of historical conditions. 122 lung cancer cases occurred during the follow-up period of 1958-2000.RESULTS: The average cumulative exposure in underground workers was 32 kBq year/m(3) (65 working level months (WLM)), experienced over 14.6 years. The excess RR (ERR) per kBq year/m(3) was 0.046 (95% CI 0.015 to 0.077; 0.022 ERR/WLM). Confounding by quartz may affect these results but appears to account only for 10-20% of the risk. The results for squamous cell and small cell lung cancer were 0.049 and 0.072, respectively. However, no increased risk was observed for adenocarcinoma (0.000 ERR per kBq year/m(3), 95% CI -0.017 to 0.017).CONCLUSION: Our overall risk estimate is about half of that found in the first Malmberget study but twice that found in the same cohort in the previously published pooled analysis. Radon did not increase the risk for adenocarcinoma in the lung.
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| 28. |
- Jønler, Morten, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality of life in patients with skeletal metastases of prostate cancer and status prior to start of endocrine therapy : results from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study 5.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 39:1, s. 42-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer (PC) is a highly lethal neoplastic disease affecting the physical, mental and social well-being of patients, i.e. their quality of life (QOL). Patients suffering from metastatic PC are faced with serious decisions regarding treatment strategies. Therefore, QOL information has become a crucial element of decision making in this group of patients. The first objective of this study was to describe QOL in a group of patients diagnosed with metastatic PC and skeletal metastases. At the time of evaluation the patients had not received any treatment but were evaluated before entering a study of androgen-modulating therapy (the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group study 5). The second objective was to identify demographic and disease-related factors affecting QOL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 917 patients with metastatic PC were evaluated using a well-described and validated questionnaire [European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30)]. The characteristics of the PC were noted, and simultaneously patients were evaluated with respect to use of analgesics, pain and performance status using a scoring system. Biochemical tests were performed when patients entered the study. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to analyse the correlations between QOL scores, patient demographics and disease-related data. RESULTS: The patients reported QOL scores significantly lower than those in the background population. Pain and fatigue were pronounced, whereas dyspnoea, insomnia, loss of appetite, constipation and diarrhoea were less prominent. Patients with high tumour grades, high PSPA scores (the sum of the pain score, the performance status and the use of analgesics) and those using analgesics had significantly lower QOL scores than the other patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with metastatic PC have reduced QOL. Our findings are in line with those of other studies of QOL among patients with this disease as evaluated by means of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Baseline data from studies like this provide important information when treatment modalities for PC are evaluated.
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| 29. |
- Jörgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Anastomotic leakage after surgery for rectal cancer : a risk factor for local recurrence, distant metastasis and reduced cancer-specific survival?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 13:3, s. 272-283
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The impact of anastomic leakage (AL) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for rectal cancer is still controversial. We explored the impact of AL regarding local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and cancer-specific survival was analysed. Method Patients undergoing AR for rectal cancer with a registered AL between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariate methods. Results After validation, 114 patients with AL and 136 control patients with locally radical surgery for tumours in tumour-node-metastasis stages I-III were analysed. There was no difference detected between patients with AL and control patients regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant metastasis [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5-year cancer-specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, AL was not a risk factor of LR, distant metastasis or OAR and had no impact on 5-year overall or 5-year cancer-specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of AL, preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. Conclusion Anastomotic leakage was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow-up on the basis of the occurrence of AL after AR might not be justified.
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| 30. |
- Jörgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Oncological outcome after incidental perforation in radical rectal cancer surgery
- 2010
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Colorectal Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0179-1958 .- 1432-1262. ; 25:6, s. 731-740
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of risk factors of poor oncological outcome in rectal cancer surgery is of utmost importance. This study examines the impact of incidental perforation on the oncological outcome. Using the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry, patients were selected who received major abdominal surgery for rectal cancer between 1995 and 1997 with registered incidental perforation. A control group was also selected for analysis of the oncological outcome after 5-year follow-up. Multivariate analysis was performed. Registry data were validated, and additional data were supplemented from medical records. After validation and exclusion of non-radically operated patients, 118 patients with incidental perforation and 155 controls in TNM stages I-III were included in the analysis. The rate of local recurrence (LR) [20% (23/118) vs. 8% (12/155) (p = 0.007)] was significantly higher among patients with perforation, whereas the rates of distant metastasis [27% (32/118) vs. 21% (33/155) (p = 0.33)] and overall recurrence (OAR) [35% (41/118) vs. 25% (38/155) (p = 0.087)] were not significantly different between the groups. Overall as well as cancer-specific 5-year survival rates were significantly reduced for the patients with perforation [44 vs. 64% (p = 0.002) and 66 vs. 80% (p = 0.026), respectively]. In the multivariate analysis, perforation was a significant risk factor of increased rates of LR and OAR as well as reduced 5-year overall and cancer-specific survival. Incidental perforation in rectal cancer surgery is an important risk factor of poor oncological outcome and should be considered in the discussion concerning postoperative adjuvant treatment as well as the follow-up regime.
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| 31. |
- Jörgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors of rectal cancer local recurrence : population-based survey and validation of the Swedish rectal cancer registry
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Colorectal Disease. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1462-8910 .- 1463-1318. ; 12:10, s. 977-986
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Despite advances in rectal cancer treatment, local recurrence (LR) remains a significant problem. To select high-risk patients for different treatment options aimed at reducing LR, it is essential to identify LR risk factors. Method: Local recurrence and survival rates of 4153 patients registered 1995-1997 in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry were analysed. LR risk factors were analysed by multivariate methods. For LR patients the registry was validated and additional data retrieved. Results: The 5-year overall and cancer-specific survival rates were 45% and 62% respectively. LR was registered in 326 (8%) patients. After R0-resections for tumours in TNM stages I-III, LR developed in 10% of tumours at 0-5 cm, 8% at 6-10 cm and 6% at 11-15 cm above the anal verge. Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) reduced the LR rate irrespective of height [0-5 cm: OR 0.50 (0.30-0.83), 6-10 cm: OR 0.42 (0.25-0.71), and 11-15 cm: OR 0.29 (0.13-0.64)]. Patients without preoperative RT had significantly higher LR risk after rectal perforation [OR 2.50 (1.48-4.24)], and almost significantly decreased LR risk when rectal washout was performed [OR 0.65 (0.43-1.00)]. Preoperative RT prolonged time to LR but did not significantly influence the survival among LR patients. LR was an isolated tumour manifestation in 103 (39%) patients with validated LR. Conclusion: Preoperative RT should be considered for rectal cancer also in the upper third of the rectum. Intraoperative perforation should be avoided, and rectal washout is indicated as valuable. Follow-up for the detection of isolated LR is important. Extended follow up should be considered for patients treated with RT.
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| 32. |
- Jörgren, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry for patients treated with major abdominal surgery between 1995 and 1997
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 52:8, s. 1707-1714
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Founded in 1995, the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry (SRCR) is frequently used for rectal cancer research. However, the validity of the registry has not been extensively studied. This study aims to validate a large amount of registry data to assess SRCR quality.Material and methods. The study comprises 906 patients treated with major abdominal surgery registered in the SRCR between 1995 and 1997. SRCR data for 14 variables were scrutinized for validity against the medical records. Kappa's and Kendall's correlation coefficients for agreement between SRCR data and medical records data were calculated for 13 variables.Results. For 11 variables, concerning the tumor, neoadjuvant therapy, the surgical procedure, local radicality and TNM stage, data were missing in 5% or less of the registrations; for the remaining three variables, anastomotic leakage, local and distant recurrence, data were missing in 13-38%. For the variables surgery performed or not and type of surgical procedure, no data were missing. Erroneous registrations were found in less than 10% of all variables; for the variables preoperative chemotherapy and surgery performed or not, all registrations were correct. For the variables concerning neoadjuvant therapy, local radicality according to the surgeon as well as the pathologist and distant metastasis, the false-positive or- negative registrations were equally distributed, and for the variables rectal washout, rectal perforation, anastomotic leakage and local recurrence there was a discrepancy in distribution. The correlation coefficient for 12 variables ranged from 0.82 to 1.00, and was 0.78 for the remaining variable.Conclusion. The validity of the SRCR was good for the initial three registry years. Thus, research based on SRCR data is reliable from the beginning of the registry's use.
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| 33. |
- Knutsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Cancers in concrete workers: results of a cohort study of 33,668 workers
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711. ; 57, s. 264-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study has shown a slightly increased overall risk of cancer among concrete workers. The increased risk of lung cancer could entirely be due to differences in smoking habits between concrete workers and the general population. There is a possibility that the smoking also has contributed to the increased risks of stomach cancer and lip cancer, but occupational factors may have contributed to these cancer sites.
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| 34. |
- Kressner, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of hospital volume on surgical outcome in patients with rectal cancer.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Diseases of the colon and rectum. - 1530-0358 .- 0012-3706. ; 52:9, s. 1542-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate, in a population-based setting, the surgical outcome in patients with rectal cancer according to the hospital volume. METHODS: Since 1995 all patients with rectal cancer have been registered in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry. Hospitals were classified, according to number treated per year, as low-volume, intermediate-volume, or high-volume hospitals (<11, 11-25, or >25 procedures per year). Postoperative mortality, reoperation rate within 30 days, local recurrence rate, and overall five-year survival were studied. For postoperative morbidity and mortality the whole cohort from 1995 to 2003 (n = 10,425) was used. For cancer-related outcome only, those with five-year follow-ups, from 1995 to 1998, were used (n = 4,355). RESULTS: In this registry setting the postoperative mortality rate was 3.6% in low-volume hospitals, and 2.2% in intermediate-volume and high-volume hospitals (P = 0.002). The reoperation rate was 10%, with no differences according to volume. The overall local recurrence rates were 9.4%, 9.3%, and 7.5%, respectively (P = 0.06). Significant difference was found among the nonirradiated patients (P = 0.004), but not among the irradiated patients (P = 0.45). No differences were found according to volume in the absolute five-year survival. CONCLUSION: Postoperative mortality and local recurrence in nonirradiated patients were lower in high-volume hospitals. No difference was seen between volumes in reoperation rates, overall local recurrence, or absolute five-year survival.
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| 35. |
- Lubin, Jay H., et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid Cancer Following Childhood Low-Dose Radiation Exposure : A Pooled Analysis of Nine Cohorts
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 102:7, s. 2575-2583
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The increased use of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that involve radiation raises concerns about radiation effects, particularly in children and the radiosensitive thyroid gland.Objectives: Evaluation of relative risk (RR) trends for thyroid radiation doses <0.2 gray (Gy); evidence of a threshold dose; and possible modifiers of the dose-response, e.g., sex, age at exposure, time since exposure.Design and Setting: Pooled data from nine cohort studies of childhood external radiation exposure and thyroid cancer with individualized dose estimates, ≥1000 irradiated subjects or ≥10 thyroid cancer cases, with data limited to individuals receiving doses <0.2 Gy.Participants: Cohorts included the following: childhood cancer survivors (n = 2); children treated for benign diseases (n = 6); and children who survived the atomic bombings in Japan (n = 1). There were 252 cases and 2,588,559 person-years in irradiated individuals and 142 cases and 1,865,957 person-years in nonirradiated individuals.Intervention: There were no interventions.Main Outcome Measure: Incident thyroid cancers.Results: For both <0.2 and <0.1 Gy, RRs increased with thyroid dose (P < 0.01), without significant departure from linearity (P = 0.77 and P = 0.66, respectively). Estimates of threshold dose ranged from 0.0 to 0.03 Gy, with an upper 95% confidence bound of 0.04 Gy. The increasing dose–response trend persisted >45 years after exposure, was greater at younger age at exposure and younger attained age, and was similar by sex and number of treatments.Conclusions: Our analyses reaffirmed linearity of the dose response as the most plausible relationship for “as low as reasonably achievable” assessments for pediatric low-dose radiation-associated thyroid cancer risk.
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| 36. |
- Mogren, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive factors have low impact on the risk of different primary brain tumours in offspring
- 2003
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Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger. - 0251-5350 .- 1423-0208. ; 22:4, s. 249-254
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate whether reproductive factors influence the risk of primary brain tumours (PBT) in offspring. Methods: Data on all deliveries in two Swedish counties from 1955 to 1990 were extracted from two birth registries. The follow-up period closed at the end of 1994, with subjects followed up to early middle age. Incidence rates of malignancy for 1958-1994 were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and relative risks were calculated for astrocytomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumour, ependymoma and meningiomas in offspring. Results: Few associations were detected. High birth weight indicated an increased risk for astrocytomas grade I and II for all primary brain tumours, and the risk was close to significance for astrocytomas grade I-II (SIR = 3.64; CI = 0.98-9.31). For children under 15 years of age the risk for astrocytomas grade I and II was further increased (SIR = 4.44; Cl = 1.19-11.38). Conclusions:A consistent pattern of non-association indicated a low impact of intrauterine environment on the future development of primary brain tumours in offspring up to early middle age.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Påhlman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish rectal cancer registry.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 94:10, s. 1285-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: An audit of all patients with rectal cancer in Sweden was launched in 1995. This is the first report from the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry (SRCR). METHODS: Between 1995 and 2003, 13 434 patients treated for adenocarcinoma of the rectum were registered with the SRCR; there were approximately 1500 new patients annually. RESULTS: Approximately half had an anterior resection, a quarter an abdominoperineal resection and 15 per cent a Hartmann's procedure. The median 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 2.4 per cent and the overall postoperative morbidity rate was 35.0 per cent. The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 62.3 per cent. The 5-year relative survival rate was 70.1 per cent after anterior resection, 59.8 per cent after abdominoperineal resection and 39.8 per cent after a Hartmann's procedure. The crude 5-year local recurrence rate was 9.5 per cent overall, 6.1 per cent after preoperative radiotherapy and 11.4 per cent after surgery alone. For 3868 patients who had a locally curative procedure the local recurrence rate was 7.4 per cent overall, 5.9 per cent for those who had radiotherapy and 10.2 per cent for those who did not. The local recurrence rate was 2.9 per cent (28 of 968) for stage I disease, 7.9 per cent (112 of 1418) for stage II, 13.9 per cent (188 of 1357) for stage III and 8.5 per cent (45 of 532) for stage IV. CONCLUSION: These good population-based results are due, in part, to the nationwide prospective quality assurance registration.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Shabes, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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Complex Values in Different Cultures : Some Research Results of Psycholinguistic Experiments with Russian and Swedish Students
- 2012
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Ingår i: US-China Education Review. - 1548-6613 .- 1930-1529. ; 2:1, s. 70-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the article on the basis of the psycholinguistic experimental data obtained in 2009-2010 from Russian and Swedish students, we consider internal features of several complex values (“Harmony”, “Freedom”, “Democracy”, “Tolerance” and “Patriotism”) and analyze their external systemic organization, taking into account both specificity of the two cultures and gender specifics. We argue that value concepts are hierarchically organized, forming different generalization levels from the simple to the more complex ones with intricate overlapping among different complex values within the system. This research is a stage in a complex experimental work aimed at comparing Russian and Swedish values (the project on Swedish Institute grant).
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Vandenput, Liesbeth, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Serum levels of specific glucuronidated androgen metabolites predict BMD and prostate volume in elderly men.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: J Bone Miner Res. - : Wiley. ; 22:2, s. 220-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgens are important regulators of bone and prostate health in elderly men. The role of serum levels of glucuronidated androgen metabolites as predictors of BMD and prostate volume in men is unclear. We show that specific glucuronidated androgen metabolites predict BMD and prostate volume in elderly men. Introduction: Androgens are important regulators of bone and prostate health in elderly men. Local synthesis and degradation of androgens are likely to be important parameters of biological action of androgens in androgen-responsive tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the role of serum levels of glucuronidated androgen metabolites as predictors of BMD and prostate volume in elderly men. Materials and Methods: A subsample of the population-based Swedish part of the MrOS study (n = 631, average age = 75.9 years) was investigated. Bone parameters were measured using DXA. Serum levels of total testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS); androstane-3α,17β-diol-3glucuronide (3G) and androstane-3α,17β-diol-17glucuronide (17G) were measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Prostate volume (n = 159) was measured by transrectal ultrasound. Results: The general pattern is that two of the glucuronidated androgen metabolites, namely 17G and 3G, are stronger positive predictors of BMD than the bioactive androgens (T and DHT). In addition, 17G is a clear positive predictor of prostate volume, explaining 4.5% of the variance in prostate volume, whereas the bioactive androgens do not display any association with prostate volume. Conclusions: Serum levels of specific glucuronidated androgen metabolites predict BMD and prostate volume in elderly men. Future studies should determine if the glucuronidated androgen metabolites also reflect other biological correlates of androgenic activity, including prostate cancer, and if low levels might be a marker of general androgen deficiency in men.
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| 43. |
- Veiga, Lene H. S., et al.
(författare)
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A Pooled Analysis of Thyroid Cancer Incidence Following Radiotherapy for Childhood Cancer
- 2012
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Ingår i: Radiation Research. - Lawrence : Radiation Research Society. - 0033-7587 .- 1938-5404. ; 178:4, s. 365-376
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood cancer five-year survival now exceeds 70-80%. Childhood exposure to radiation is a known thyroid carcinogen; however, data are limited for the evaluation of radiation dose-response at high doses, modifiers of the dose-response relationship and joint effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. To address these issues, we pooled two cohort and two nested case-control studies of childhood cancer survivors including 16,757 patients, with 187 developing primary thyroid cancer. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for thyroid cancer by treatment with alkylating agents, anthracyclines or bleomycin were 3.25 (0.9-14.9), 4.5 (1.4-17.8) and 3.2 (0.8-10.4), respectively, in patients without radiotherapy, and declined with greater radiation dose (RR trends, P = 0.02, 0.12 and 0.01, respectively). Radiation dose-related RRs increased approximately linearly for <10 Gy, leveled off at 10-15-fold for 10-30 Gy and then declined, but remained elevated for doses >50 Gy. The fitted RR at 10 Gy was 13.7 (95% CI: 8.0-24.0). Dose-related excess RRs increased with decreasing age at exposure (P < 0.01), but did not vary with attained age or time-since-exposure, remaining elevated 25+ years after exposure. Gender and number of treatments did not modify radiation effects. Thyroid cancer risks remained elevated many decades following radiotherapy, highlighting the need for continued follow up of childhood cancer survivors. (C) 2012 by Radiation Research Society
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| 44. |
- Veiga, Lene H. S., et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid Cancer after Childhood Exposure to External Radiation : An Updated Pooled Analysis of 12 Studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Radiation Research. - 0033-7587 .- 1938-5404. ; 185:5, s. 473-484
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have causally linked external thyroid radiation exposure in childhood with thyroid cancer. In 1995, investigators conducted relative risk analyses of pooled data from seven epidemiologic studies. Doses were mostly <10 Gy, although childhood cancer therapies can result in thyroid doses >50 Gy. We pooled data from 12 studies of thyroid cancer patients who were exposed to radiation in childhood (ages <20 years), more than doubling the data, including 1,070 (927 exposed) thyroid cancers and 5.3 million (3.4 million exposed) person-years. Relative risks increased supralinearly through 2-4 Gy, leveled off between 10-30 Gy and declined thereafter, remaining significantly elevated above 50 Gy. There was a significant relative risk trend for doses <0.10 Gy (P < 0.01), with no departure from linearity (P = 0.36). We observed radiogenic effects for both papillary and nonpapillary tumors. Estimates of excess relative risk per Gy (ERR/Gy) were homogeneous by sex (P = 0.35) and number of radiation treatments (P = 0.84) and increased with decreasing age at the time of exposure. The ERR/Gy estimate was significant within ten years of radiation exposure, 2.76 (95% CI, 0.94-4.98), based on 42 exposed cases, and remained elevated 50 years and more after exposure. Finally, exposure to chemotherapy was significantly associated with thyroid cancer, with results supporting a nonsynergistic (additive) association with radiation.
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