| 1. |
- Chang, Baorui, et al.
(författare)
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The Indirect Effect of Death Anxiety on Experienced Meaning in Life via Search for Meaning and Prosocial Behavior
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the relationship between death anxiety and experienced meaning in life. Six hundred and forty-eight Chinese college students were surveyed using the Death Anxiety Scale, the Prosocial Behavior Scale, and the Meaning in Life Scale. The results showed that death anxiety predicted experienced meaning through three pathways: the first one was through search for meaning singly; the second one was through prosocial behavior singly; and the third one was through search for meaning and prosocial behavior serially, which accounted for the highest proportion of the total effect. This study highlights the positive side of death anxiety.
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| 2. |
- Chen, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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The Longitudinal Relationship Between Parenting and Self-Control Needs Reconsideration : A Commentary on Li et al. (2019)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Perspectives on Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 1745-6916 .- 1745-6924. ; 18:6, s. 1488-1491
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The relationship between parenting and self-control has received much attention from social and developmental psychologists. In a meta-analytic review, Li et al. (2019) identified a longitudinal association between parenting and subsequent self-control (P ? SC) of r = .157, p < .001, and a longitudinal association between adolescent self-control and subsequent parenting (SC ? P) of r = .155, p < .001. However, the longitudinal associations may have been substantially biased because Li et al. (2019) utilized the bivariate correlation between the predictor at Time 1 and the outcome at Time 2 to estimate the effect size. To provide a more accurate estimate of the longitudinal association between parenting and adolescent self-control, we reexamined the data on the basis of the cross-lagged association. The results showed weaker longitudinal associations for both P ? SC (r = .059, p < .001) and SC ? P (r = .062, p < .001). Our results point to the importance of utilizing the cross-lagged association in meta-analyzing the longitudinal relationship between variables.
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| 3. |
- Cortes, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Intranasal Oxytocin and Response Inhibition in Young and Older Adults
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In normal aging, people are confronted with impairment in both socioemotional and cognitive abilities. Specifically, there are age-related declines in inhibitory processes that regulate attention towards irrelevant material. In last years, the intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin has mainly been related to improvements in several domains such as emotion recognition and memory, but to date the effects of oxytocin in aging remain largely unknown. In a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, within-subjects study design, we investigated whether oxytocin facilitates inhibitory processing in older adults compared to younger adults. In total, 41 older adults (51% women; age range 65-75 years) and 37 younger adults (49% women; age range 20-30 years) participated in this study two times, receiving a single intranasal dose of 40 IU of placebo and oxytocin in randomized order 45 minutes before engaging in the task. Participants were tested approximately a month apart and mostly at the same hour during both occasions. Inhibition was measured with a Go/NoGo task which included happy and neutral faces as targets (Go stimuli) and distractors (NoGo stimuli) shown on a computer screen. Participants were instructed to press a button any time they saw a target and remain passive when encountering a distractor. Preliminary results indicate effects for happy and neutral faces, but only in the distractor condition. For happy distractors, women rejected correctly happy faces more accurately than men did, both in the placebo and oxytocin conditions. A main effect of age was observed for the neutral distractors, where older adults were more successful in inhibiting responses than younger adults during oxytocin and placebo treatments. We did not observe effects of oxytocin in the different tasks. The role of oxytocin was not clear distinguished in the tasks. In sum, our findings showed that age and gender can influence inhibition but their effects depend on the displayed emotions. This suggests that the ability to inhibit interfering distractors may remain intact despite of age and that deficits in inhibition may be selective. The role of oxytocin in inhibition needs to be further investigated since it is possible that it is context dependent.
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| 4. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Psychology and Personality Science. - : Sage Publications. - 1948-5506 .- 1948-5514. ; 12:1, s. 14-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe (N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of ego depletion.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Action orientation overcomes the ego depletion effect
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 56:2, s. 223-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract in UndeterminedIt has been consistently demonstrated that initial exertion of self-control had negative influence on people's performance on subsequent self-control tasks. This phenomenon is referred to as the ego depletion effect. Based on action control theory, the current research investigated whether the ego depletion effect could be moderated by individuals' action versus state orientation. Our results showed that only state-oriented individuals exhibited ego depletion. For individuals with action orientation, however, their performance was not influenced by initial exertion of self-control. The beneficial effect of action orientation against ego depletion in our experiment results from its facilitation for adapting to the depleting task.
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| 7. |
- Dang, Junhua
(författare)
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An updated meta-analysis of the ego depletion effect
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychological Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0727 .- 1430-2772. ; 82:4, s. 645-651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ego depletion effect is one of the most famous phenomena in social psychology. A recent meta-analysis showed that after accounting for small-studies effects by using a newly developed method called PET-PEESE, the ego depletion effect was indistinguishable from zero. However, it is too early to draw such rushing conclusion because of the inappropriate usage of PET-PEESE. The current paper reported a stricter and updated meta-analysis of ego depletion by carefully inspecting problems in the previous meta-analysis, including new studies not covered by it, and testing the effectiveness of each depleting task. The results suggest that attention video should be an ineffective depleting task, whereas emotion video should be the most effective one. Future studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of each depletion task revealed by the current meta-analysis.
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| 8. |
- Dang, Junhua
(författare)
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Can the ego be depleted? : Attempts to replicate the ego depletion effect and integrate its explanations
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although self-control is so important that no one from any corner of the world would dispute, it is often difficult and vulnerable. Continuous exertion is one of the most influential factors that are detrimental to self-control, which leads to a state called “ego depletion”. Before 2016, the ego depletion effect had been a hot topic for a long time. After a multi-lab replication that reported a non-significant result in 2016, however, it became highly controversial regarding whether the ego depletion effect is a true effect. In the first three articles presenting reanalyses of data from the multi-lab replication, conducting an updated meta-analysis, and implementing a pre-registered large-scale experiment, I demonstrate that the non-significant result found in the multi-lab replication may be due to the ineffectiveness of the depleting task, and there is a reliable ego depletion effect when an effective depleting task is used. Further, Iintroduce and compare several explanations of the ego depletion effect, by analyzing the pros and cons of each explanation. On the basis of this work, I propose a fine-grained new model (i.e., the CoMo model) that integrates various lines of research and is able to explain almost all counterintuitive findings in this area. The last two articles provide evidence in support of the new model but contradict other theories. The limitations and future directions are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Collectivism reduces objective mobility trends to public areas during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers In Public Health. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2565. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to slow down the spread of the coronavirus, staying at home and avoiding going outside have been either strongly recommended or stringently enforced by governments all over the globe. Previous studies found that people with more collectivist orientation were more willing to comply with governmental guidelines and engage in preventive behaviors such as social distancing. However, these studies were based on self-report data within a short period. The current study aims to overcome these limitations by using objective mobility data generated by Google users all over the world during the past two years, thus providing a stronger test for the predictive effect of collectivism on preventive measures in response to the pandemic. We found consistent results at both the US state level (n = 50) and the country/territory level (n = 133), such that people in more collectivistic regions reduced their visits to and length of stay at certain public areas such as parks during the past two years. Our findings emphasize the importance of cultural values in face of global crises.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Escalate shamefully, de-escalate angrily or gratefully: The influence of discrete emotions on escalation of commitment.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 1467-9450 .- 0036-5564. ; 55:4, s. 380-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision makers often tend to escalate their commitment when faced with a dilemma of whether to continue a losing course of action. Researchers recently began to investigate the influence of discrete emotions on this decision tendency. However, this work has mainly focused on negative emotions and rarely considered positive emotions, to say nothing of comparing the effects of both of them simultaneously. The current study addresses this need by presenting the results of three experiments that examined the effects of four emotions of both positive and negative valences in escalation situations. Experiment 1 investigated the relationships of three trait emotions (hope, shame, and anger) and escalation of commitment. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the effects of three induced emotions (anger, shame, and gratitude) on escalation of commitment in a student sample and an employee sample, respectively. The results revealed that the effects of discrete emotions in escalation situations are mainly due to their associated differences on the appraisal dimension of responsibility that is related to escalation situations rather than their valence. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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| 14. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Further support for the motivational explanation of self-other similarity judgment asymmetry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Swiss Journal of Psychology. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1421-0185 .- 1662-0879. ; 76:4, s. 155-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-other similarity judgment asymmetry refers to the tendency of people to judge others to be more similar to themselves than they judge themselves to be similar to others. This effect can be explained with both a cognitive model (Tversky, 1977) and a motivational explanation (Codol, 1987). Recent research has provided initial evidence for the core assumption of the motivational explanation and tested a hypothesis that can only be derived from the motivational explanation. The present study aims to provide further evidence for the motivational explanation by testing another hypothesis derived from it that goes beyond the cognitivemodel. Our results show that participants with a strong need for uniqueness tended to exhibit self-other asymmetry, but only with respect to attributes that were difficult to falsify.
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| 15. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Individual differences in dopamine level modulate the ego depletion effect
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 99, s. 121-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initial exertion of self-control impairs subsequent self-regulatory performance, which is referred to as the ego depletion effect. The current study examined how individual differences in dopamine level, as indexed by eye blink rate (EBR), would moderate ego depletion. An inverted-U-shaped relationship between EBR and subsequent self regulatory performance was found when participants initially engaged in self-control but such relationship was absent in the control condition where there was no initial exertion, suggesting individuals with a medium dopamine level may be protected from the typical ego depletion effect. These findings are consistent with a cognitive explanation which considers ego depletion as a phenomenon similar to switch costs that would be neutralized by factors promoting flexible switching.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Is there prejudice from thin air? : Replicating the effect of emotion on automatic intergroup attitudes
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 2050-7283. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies showed that anger, rather than sadness, created automatic intergroup bias in a minimal group context. Methods: The current research reports a single study (N=99) aiming to replicate this finding and further to test whether the intergroup bias manifests as in group favoritism, outgroup derogation, or both. Results: Our results failed to replicate the effect of anger on automatic bias. Intriguingly, participants across all emotion conditions exhibited high level of ingroup favoritism, but there was little evidence of outgroup derogation. Conclusion: These results suggest that, when there is no competition or conflict between groups, individuals, even in a bad emotional state such as anger, generally show ingroup love rather than outgroup hate.
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| 18. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Self-control depletion impairs goal maintenance : A meta-analysis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564. ; 58:4, s. 284-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Initial exertion of self-control has been suggested to impair subsequent self-regulatory performance. The specific cognitive processes that underlie this ego depletion effect have rarely been examined. Drawing on the dual-process theory of executive control (Engle & Kane, ; Kane & Engle, ), the current meta-analysis revealed that initial self-control exertion impairs participants' capacities of maintaining the task goal but its effect on capacities of resolving response competition is in need of further investigation. Our results are more consistent with recent theoretical views that consider ego depletion as a switch cost and a result arising from reduced motivation to engage in further self-control.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Dang, Junhua
(författare)
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Testing the role of glucose in self-control : A meta-analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663. ; 107, s. 222-230
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glucose view of self-control posited glucose as the physiological substrate of self-control “resource”, which results in three direct corollaries: 1) engaging in a specific self-control activity would result in reduced glucose level; 2) the remaining glucose level after initial exertion of self-control would be positively correlated with following self-control performance; 3) restoring glucose by ingestion would help to improve the impaired self-control performance. The current research conducted a meta-analysis to test how well each of the three corollaries of the glucose view would be empirically supported. We also tested the restoring effect of glucose rinsing on subsequent self-control performance after initial exertion. The results provided clear and consistent evidence against the glucose view of self-control such that none of the three corollaries was supported. In contrast, the effect of glucose rinsing turned out to be significant, but with alarming signs of publication bias. The implications and future directions are discussed.
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| 22. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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The Beauty of the Zero : Replications and Extensions of the Hidden-Zero Effect in Delay Discounting Tasks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social Psychology and Personality Science. - : SAGE Publications. - 1948-5506 .- 1948-5514. ; 12:4, s. 544-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unlike the presentation format in a typical delay discounting task (e.g., Would you prefer [A] US$4.3 today OR [B] US$7.5 in 22 days?), Magen et al. inserted a zero to each alternative (e.g., Would you prefer [A] US$4.3 today and US$0 in 22 days OR [B] US$0 today and US$7.5 in 22 days?) and found this manipulation effectively reduced delay discounting (d= .84), which was referred to as the hidden-zero effect. Study 1 was a direct replication of this effect. In Study 2, we tested whether the explicit-zero format could buffer against the detrimental effect of exposure to sexy cues on delay discounting. In Study 3, we explored the mechanism underlying the hidden-zero effect. Taken together, the hidden-zero effect was consistently found across all studies (N= 2,440) and our internal meta-analysis yielded a medium to large effect size (d= .52).
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| 23. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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The ego could be depleted, providing initial exertion is depleting : A preregistered experiment of the ego depletion effect
- 2017
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Ingår i: Social Psychology. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1864-9335 .- 2151-2590. ; 48:4, s. 242-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ego depletion effect has been examined by over 300 independent studies during the past two decades. Despite its pervasive influence, recently this effect has been severely challenged and asserted to be a fake. Based on an up-to-date meta-analysis that examined the effectiveness of each frequently used depleting task, we preregistered the current experiment with the aim to examine whether there would be an ego depletion effect when the Stroop task is used as the depleting task. The results demonstrated a significant ego depletion effect. The current research highlights the importance of the depleting task’s effectiveness. That is to say, the “ego” could be “depleted,” but only when initial exertion is “depleting.”
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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When the poor excel : Poverty facilitates procedural learning
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 57:4, s. 288-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research has shown that poverty directly impeded cognitive functions because the poor could be easily distracted by monetary concerns. We argue that this effect may be limited to functions relying on working memory. For functions that rely on proceduralized processes however, monetary concerns elicited by reminding of financial demands would be conducive rather than harmful. Our results supported this hypothesis by showing that participants with lower income reached the learning criterion of the information-integration categorization task faster than their more affluent counterparts after reminding of financial demands.
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| 27. |
- Dang, Junhua, et al.
(författare)
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Why Are Self-Report and Behavioral Measures Weakly Correlated?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Trends in cognitive sciences. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON. - 1364-6613 .- 1879-307X. ; 24:4, s. 267-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating evidence indicates weak correlations between self-report and behavioral measures of the same construct. We suggest that these weak correlations result from the poor reliability of many behavioral measures and the distinct response processes involved in the two measurement types. We also describe how researchers can benefit from appropriate use of these measures.
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| 28. |
- Dartora, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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A deep learning model for brain age prediction using minimally preprocessed T1w images as input
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-4365. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In the last few years, several models trying to calculate the biological brain age have been proposed based on structural magnetic resonance imaging scans (T1-weighted MRIs, T1w) using multivariate methods and machine learning. We developed and validated a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based biological brain age prediction model that uses one T1w MRI preprocessing step when applying the model to external datasets to simplify implementation and increase accessibility in research settings. Our model only requires rigid image registration to the MNI space, which is an advantage compared to previous methods that require more preprocessing steps, such as feature extraction. Methods: We used a multicohort dataset of cognitively healthy individuals (age range = 32.0–95.7 years) comprising 17,296 MRIs for training and evaluation. We compared our model using hold-out (CNN1) and cross-validation (CNN2–4) approaches. To verify generalisability, we used two external datasets with different populations and MRI scan characteristics to evaluate the model. To demonstrate its usability, we included the external dataset’s images in the cross-validation training (CNN3). To ensure that our model used only the brain signal on the image, we also predicted brain age using skull-stripped images (CNN4). Results: The trained models achieved a mean absolute error of 2.99, 2.67, 2.67, and 3.08 years for CNN1–4, respectively. The model’s performance in the external dataset was in the typical range of mean absolute error (MAE) found in the literature for testing sets. Adding the external dataset to the training set (CNN3), overall, MAE is unaffected, but individual cohort MAE improves (5.63–2.25 years). Salience maps of predictions reveal that periventricular, temporal, and insular regions are the most important for age prediction. Discussion: We provide indicators for using biological (predicted) brain age as a metric for age correction in neuroimaging studies as an alternative to the traditional chronological age. In conclusion, using different approaches, our CNN-based model showed good performance using one T1w brain MRI preprocessing step. The proposed CNN model is made publicly available for the research community to be easily implemented and used to study ageing and age-related disorders.
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| 29. |
- Fang, Zuozhi, et al.
(författare)
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Growth mindset matters : Influences of socioeconomic status on Chinese secondary vocational students' learning engagement
- 2022
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PACIFIC RIM PSYCHOLOGY. - : Sage Publications. - 1834-4909. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two studies carried out in China examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and learning engagement and explored the roles of psychological needs satisfaction and growth mindset in this relationship. Study 1 investigated the relationship between socioeconomic status and learning engagement among 280 secondary vocational students by manipulating their perceptions of their relative socioeconomic rank. We found that Chinese secondary vocational students primed with high socioeconomic status scored significantly higher in learning engagement measurements than did those primed with low socioeconomic status. Study 2 consisted of 1,146 secondary vocational students (686 boys and 460 girls) who completed questionnaires assessing socioeconomic status, growth mindset, psychological needs satisfaction, and learning engagement. The results showed that psychological needs satisfaction mediated whereas growth mindset moderated the positive relationship between socioeconomic status and learning engagement. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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| 30. |
- Ji, Huazhen, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between leadership-member exchange (LMX) and flow at work among medical workers during the COVID-19 : the mediating role of job crafting
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2050-7283. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on relational leadership theory and self-determination theory, this study aims to investigate the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX), job crafting, and flow at work among medical workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in the study consisted of 424 hospital employees. The results showed that: (1) the LMX positively predicted flow at work; (2) two types of job crafting (increasing structural job resources and challenging job demands) played a mediating role between the LMX and flow at work; and (3) gender did not moderate these mediating effects as suggested by previous studies. These results indicate that the LMX can not only directly predict flow at work, but also indirectly predict work-related flow through job crafting by increasing structural job resources and challenging job demands, thus providing new insights for enhancing flow experiences of medical workers.
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| 31. |
- Lafta, Muataz S., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring sex differences : insights into gene expression, neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and pathology
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 18
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased knowledge about sex differences is important for development of individualized treatments against many diseases as well as understanding behavioral and pathological differences. This review summarizes sex chromosome effects on gene expression, epigenetics, and hormones in relation to the brain. We explore neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, cognition, and brain pathology aiming to explain the current state of the art. While some domains exhibit strong differences, others reveal subtle differences whose overall significance warrants clarification. We hope that the current review increases awareness and serves as a basis for the planning of future studies that consider both sexes equally regarding similarities and differences.
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| 32. |
- Lin, Yao, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of stereotype threat on females' spatial perspective taking and the mediating role of executive functions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Psychology. - : Springer Nature. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 42:6, s. 4979-4990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Females are considered to be at a disadvantage in spatial perspective taking. In this study, we examined whether stereotype threat negatively affects females' spatial perspective-taking ability and executive functions. Then we explored which components of executive function play a mediating role in the effect of stereotype threat on females' spatial perspective-taking ability. We carried out two experiments. In Experiment 1, female participants in a stereotype threat condition or a control condition completed a spatial perspective-taking test. The results showed that females' spatial perspective-taking ability was reduced by stereotype threat. In Experiment 2, female participants were again assigned to a stereotype threat condition or a control condition; then they were asked to complete tasks measuring three executive functions (inhibition, shifting, and updating), following which they completed the spatial perspective-taking test. Experiment 2 found that stereotype threat decreased inhibition, updating, and spatial perspective-taking performance. The results also showed that only inhibition accounted for the effect of stereotype threat on spatial perspective taking. To sum up, the results from the current study shed new light on the relationship between stereotype threat and spatial perspective-taking ability and explained the relationship from a more detailed perspective.
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| 33. |
- Mao, Yanhui, et al.
(författare)
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Social support predicted subsequent subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic : a prospective study
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSubjective well-being (SWB) is associated with social support in cross-sectional studies. However, it remains unclear whether and how social support predicts SWB longitudinally, especially during the COVID-19 contingency.MethodsBy adopting a prospective design, the current work addressed this research question in a sample of 594 participants from the U.K. The data were collected via the online platform, Prolific, at two time points (June, 2020 and August, 2021) with a 14-month interval. Descriptive analysis and a moderated mediation model were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses.ResultsBaseline social support was a significant predictor of subjective well-being (SWB) 14 months later, even after controlling for baseline SWB and other covariates such as personality traits. Additionally, affect balance (i.e., the affective component of SWB) fully mediated the link between baseline social support and subsequent life satisfaction (i.e., the cognitive component of SWB). Moreover, household income moderated this relationship, indicating a stronger mediation for individuals with lower monthly household income.ConclusionThe present work sheds light on the underlying mechanism and boundary condition of the association between social support and different components of SWB during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 34. |
- Rukh, Gull, et al.
(författare)
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Personality, lifestyle and job satisfaction : causal association between neuroticism and job satisfaction using Mendelian randomisation in the UK biobank cohort
- 2020
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Ingår i: Translational Psychiatry. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2158-3188. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Job-related stress has been associated with poor health outcomes but little is known about the causal nature of these findings. We employed Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach to investigate the causal effect of neuroticism, education, and physical activity on job satisfaction. Trait-specific genetic risk score (GRS) based on recent genome wide association studies were used as instrumental variables (IV) using the UK Biobank cohort (N = 315,536). Both single variable and multivariable MR analyses were used to determine the effect of each trait on job satisfaction. We observed a clear evidence of a causal association between neuroticism and job satisfaction. In single variable MR, one standard deviation (1 SD) higher genetically determined neuroticism score (4.07 units) was associated with -0.31 units lower job satisfaction (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.38 to -0.24; P = 9.5 x 10(-20)). The causal associations remained significant after performing sensitivity analyses by excluding invalid genetic variants from GRS(Neuroticism) (beta(95%CI): -0.28(-0.35 to -0.21); P = 3.4 x 10(-15)). Education (0.02; -0.08 to 0.12; 0.67) and physical activity (0.08; -0.34 to 0.50; 0.70) did not show any evidence for causal association with job satisfaction. When genetic instruments for neuroticism, education and physical activity were included together, the association of neuroticism score with job satisfaction was reduced by only -0.01 units, suggesting an independent inverse causal association between neuroticism score (P = 2.7 x 10(-17)) and job satisfaction. Our findings show an independent causal association between neuroticism score and job satisfaction. Physically active lifestyle may help to increase job satisfaction despite presence of high neuroticism scores. Our study highlights the importance of considering the confounding effect of negative personality traits for studies on job satisfaction.
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| 35. |
- Shanshan, Xiao, et al.
(författare)
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When More Depletion Offsets the Ego Depletion Effect
- 2014
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Ingår i: Social Psychology. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 2151-2590 .- 1864-9335. ; 45:5, s. 421-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ego depletion effect has been consistently replicated using the typical paradigm that consists of two consecutive tasks. However, striking contradiction exists in studies employing multiple tasks. The aim of the current study is to replicate previous studies following a similar procedure and design in a sample of participants from a non-western cultural background (Chinese), while strictly controlling other confounding factors, such as task duration. Results indicated that although ego depletion occurred after performing a single initial self-control task, engaging in multiple tasks did indeed offset the depletion effect. These findings are contrary to the resource-based view of ego depletion (i.e., the strength model) but more consistent with other theoretical frameworks, such as the cognitive control theory.
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| 36. |
- Xiao, Shanshan, et al.
(författare)
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Regional differences in personalities account for substantial heterogeneity of loneliness change from before to during the COVID-19
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ernst et al. (2022) recently reported a strictly conducted meta-analysis investigating whether people's loneliness increased during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to prepandemic times. Based on 19 longitudinal studies that tracked the change of participants' loneliness scores, their main analysis found a small effect size, Hedge's g = 0.23 (see Supplementary Table S1for a summary of the main information extracted from these articles). However, the heterogeneity between individual studies was very high, I2 = 98%, which means most differences observed between individual studies were due to real differences in effect sizes rather than random sampling errors. Although a series of factors have been considered (e.g., sample type and age) to account for the between-effects heterogeneity, none of them showed significant moderation, leaving the heterogeneity unanswered. Given the included studies were conducted in different countries, in this article we suggest that regional differences in the Big-Five personalities should be considered because loneliness has been strongly associated with personalities (Buecker et al., 2020) and people's personalities vary across countries (McCrae, 2001). Therefore, we test whether regional differences in the Big-Five personalities could account for the observed between-effects heterogeneity in Ernst et al.'s (2022) meta-analysis.
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| 37. |
- Xu, Tong, et al.
(författare)
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Differentiating the relationships between traditional and new media use and sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic : roles of psychological distress and age
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Numerous studies have consistently demonstrated a decline in sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective of this study is to explore the impact of engaging with pertinent epidemic information through the media amid the COVID-19 crisis on individuals’ sleep quality and the underlying mechanisms through which this influence operates.Methods: An online cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 1,063 British adults (36.2% males; Mage = 38.85, SDage = 13.36, ranging from 18 to 77 years old) participated in the study and completed our questionnaires, which included media usage frequency during the pandemic, the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Ten-item Personality Inventory (TIPI).Results: Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that there was no significant correlation between COVID-19-related traditional media use (television, radio, newspaper) and psychological distress or sleep quality. However, exposure to information related to COVID-19 through new media use (Facebook, Tik Tok, Twitter) was correlated with greater psychological distress and poorer sleep quality. A moderated mediation analysis showed that psychological distress fully mediated the relationship between new media use and poor sleep, which was moderated by age, with the association between psychological distress and poor sleep quality being stronger among older adults.Conclusion: Exposure to information of COVID-19 via new (but not traditional) media use deteriorated sleep quality through greater psychological distress, and this relationship was stronger among older adults.
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| 38. |
- Yang, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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To Be Authentic, to Be Eco : Exploring the Link Between Authenticity and Pro-environmental Behavior
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Authentic self is believed to be morally good. The current research proposes that the authentic self is also environmentally good. Across two studies, we tested the link between authenticity and pro-environmental attitude and behavior. In Study 1 (N=2,646), dispositional authenticity was found to be a predictor of pro-environmental behavior (PEB). In Study 2 (N=474), participants in the authentic condition (recalling their experiences of being authentic) were more willing to donate money to protect the environment than those in the inauthentic (recalling their experiences of being inauthentic) or the neutral (recalling their experiences of a typical day) conditions. Participants in the authentic condition also reported higher intention to conduct PEB than their peers in the other conditions. The results of the present research provide initial evidence that people are more likely to endorse pro-environmental attitude and behave pro-environmentally when being authentic.
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| 39. |
- Ye, Panqin, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric Evaluation of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Chinese Parents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parental reflective functioning (PRF) is important for parenting and child development. To effectively assess PRF in Chinese parents, this study aimed to revise the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) for the Chinese context. The original Chinese version of the PRFQ (PRFQ-C) was revised by following psychometric validation procedures in a sample of Chinese parents (N = 2,021, 1,034 mothers and 987 fathers). A series of psychometric analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency reliability analysis, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity analysis, and analysis for measurement invariance between mothers and fathers, were conducted. The CFA results indicated that the final 12-item, three-factor model had a good fit {chi(2)(49) = 472.381; CFI = 0.929; TLI = 0.904; RMSEA = 0.065, 90%CI = [0.060, 0.071]}. The Chinese version of the PRFQ with 12 items (PRFQ-12C) showed satisfactory reliability (omega = 0.68-0.82), discriminant validity [heterotrait-monotrait (HTMT) values < 0.85], and criterion-related validity. The PRFQ-12C also had measurement invariance across mothers and fathers. In conclusion, the PRFQ-12C is psychometrically sound and can be applied in China.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Enjoy exercise more : The effects of dual-channel evaluative conditioning on implicit attitudes toward exercise
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 33:11, s. 2381-2389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Researchers have been looking for effective interventions to promote physical activity due to its great impact on both physical and mental health. In two studies, the current research investigated (1) whether evaluative conditioning could increase implicit attitudes toward exercise; (2) whether dual-channel evaluative conditioning had a greater influence compared to single-channel evaluative conditioning. In Study 1, results from 32 participants (7 males, 25 females; M-age = 19.470, SDage = 1.174) were used to compare the audiovisual dual-channel with the visual single-channel evaluative conditioning. In Study 2, we analyzed data from 100 participants (35 males, 65 females; M-age = 20.990, SDage = 3.141) and compared the visual-kinesthetic dual-channel with the visual single-channel evaluative conditioning. The results showed that individuals' implicit attitudes toward exercise were more positively affected by dual-channel than single-channel evaluative conditioning.
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| 42. |
- Zhang, Shuang, et al.
(författare)
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The profiles of social anxiety and impulsivity among college students : differences in aggression
- 2024
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Ingår i: Current Psychology. - : Springer. - 1046-1310 .- 1936-4733. ; 43:12, s. 10621-10630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although previous studies identified a subgroup of social anxiety characterized by high impulsivity, it has not received sufficient attention. The purpose of this study was to explore social anxiety-impulsivity profiles and examine differences in aggression across profiles in a Chinese sample. The latent profile analysis was conducted to identify distinct profiles among 515 college students (53.98% male) based on social anxiety constructs and impulsive behaviors. The results revealed six distinct profiles: low social anxiety-low impulsivity, low social anxiety-high impulsivity, moderate social anxiety-high impulsivity, moderate social anxiety-moderate impulsivity, high social anxiety-low impulsivity, and high social anxiety-high impulsivity. The combination of moderate to high social anxiety and high impulsivity reported more aggression than the other profiles. In contrast, the low social anxiety-low impulsivity subgroup reported the lowest aggression. Current findings provide further evidence for the presence of impulsive social anxiety subtypes and offer novel insights into the mixed results regarding the relationship between social anxiety and aggression.
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| 43. |
- Zhang, Zhuo, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood Trauma and Self-Control : The Mediating Role of Depletion Sensitivity
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Child and Family Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1062-1024 .- 1573-2843. ; 30:6, s. 1599-1606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research demonstrated that childhood trauma was associated with self-control deficit from adolescence to adulthood. However, the underlying mechanism was not well understood. The present study aimed to examine the mediating effect of depletion sensitivity on the association between childhood trauma and self-control. This study recruited a sample of 1415 college students from a large university in China. Participants completed three self-reported scales measuring their traumatic experiences during childhood (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), their sensitivity to depletion (Depletion Sensitivity Scale), and self-control capacity (Self-Control Scale). The results showed that childhood trauma was positively correlated depletion sensitivity and negatively correlated with self-control, and the link between depletion sensitivity and self-control was also significant. The structural equation model demonstrated that childhood trauma had significantly indirect effects on self-control capacity via depletion sensitivity, which accounted for 50.1% of the total effect and indicated a partial mediation. The present findings suggest that one probable pathway that childhood trauma might affect self-control is through heightened depletion sensitivity.
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