| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
The ATLAS Simulation Infrastructure
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 823-874
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes.
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 787-821
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7.6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22.1 +/- 0.9 mu m and a relative momentum resolution sigma (p) /p=(4.83 +/- 0.16)x10(-4) GeV(-1)xp (T) have been measured for high momentum tracks.
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Studies of the performance of the ATLAS detector using cosmic-ray muons
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 71:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Muons from cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere provide a high-statistics source of particles that can be used to study the performance and calibration of the ATLAS detector. Cosmic-ray muons can penetrate to the cavern and deposit energy in all detector subsystems. Such events have played an important role in the commissioning of the detector since the start of the installation phase in 2005 and were particularly important for understanding the detector performance in the time prior to the arrival of the first LHC beams. Global cosmic-ray runs were undertaken in both 2008 and 2009 and these data have been used through to the early phases of collision data-taking as a tool for calibration, alignment and detector monitoring. These large datasets have also been used for detector performance studies, including investigations that rely on the combined performance of different subsystems. This paper presents the results of performance studies related to combined tracking, lepton identification and the reconstruction of jets and missing transverse energy. Results are compared to expectations based on a cosmic-ray event generator and a full simulation of the detector response.
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| 4. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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Commissioning of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with cosmic rays
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. Particles and Fields. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 70:3, s. 875-916
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider has collected several hundred million cosmic ray events during 2008 and 2009. These data were used to commission the Muon Spectrometer and to study the performance of the trigger and tracking chambers, their alignment, the detector control system, the data acquisition and the analysis programs. We present the performance in the relevant parameters that determine the quality of the muon measurement. We discuss the single element efficiency, resolution and noise rates, the calibration method of the detector response and of the alignment system, the track reconstruction efficiency and the momentum measurement. The results show that the detector is close to the design performance and that the Muon Spectrometer is ready to detect muons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions.
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| 5. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) proportional drift tube: design and performance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A straw proportional counter is the basic element of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT). Its detailed properties as well as the main properties of a few TRT operating gas mixtures are described. Particular attention is paid to straw tube performance in high radiation conditions and to its operational stability.
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| 6. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS TRT barrel detector
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS TRT barrel is a tracking drift chamber using 52,544 individual tubular drift tubes. It is one part of the ATLAS Inner Detector, which consists of three sub-systems: the pixel detector spanning the radius range 4 to 20 cm, the semiconductor tracker (SCT) from 30 to 52 cm, and the transition radiation tracker ( TRT) from 56 to 108 cm. The TRT barrel covers the central pseudo-rapidity region |eta| < 1, while the TRT endcaps cover the forward and backward eta regions. These TRT systems provide a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes ( or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the recently-completed construction of the TRT Barrel detector, including the quality control procedures used in the fabrication of the detector.
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| 7. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS TRT electronics
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS inner detector consists of three sub-systems: the pixel detector spanning the radius range 4cm-20cm, the semiconductor tracker at radii from 30 to 52 cm, and the transition radiation tracker (TRT), tracking from 56 to 107 cm. The TRT provides a combination of continuous tracking with many projective measurements based on individual drift tubes (or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibres or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. This paper describes the on and off detector electronics for the TRT as well as the TRT portion of the data acquisition (DAQ) system.
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| 8. |
- Abat, E., et al.
(författare)
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The ATLAS TRT end-cap detectors
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ATLAS TRT end-cap is a tracking drift chamber using 245,760 individual tubular drift tubes. It is a part of the TRT tracker which consist of the barrel and two end-caps. The TRT end-caps cover the forward and backward pseudo-rapidity region 1.0 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.0, while the TRT barrel central eta region vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.0. The TRT system provides a combination of continuous tracking with many measurements in individual drift tubes ( or straws) and of electron identification based on transition radiation from fibers or foils interleaved between the straws themselves. Along with other two sub-systems, namely the Pixel detector and Semi Conductor Tracker (SCT), the TRT constitutes the ATLAS Inner Detector. This paper describes the recently completed and installed TRT end-cap detectors, their design, assembly, integration and the acceptance tests applied during the construction.
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| 9. |
- Barausse, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for fundamental physics with LISA
- 2020
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Ingår i: General Relativity and Gravitation. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0001-7701 .- 1572-9532. ; 52:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, which is of programmatic rather than quantitative nature, we aim to further delineate and sharpen the future potential of the LISA mission in the area of fundamental physics. Given the very broad range of topics that might be relevant to LISA,we present here a sample of what we view as particularly promising fundamental physics directions. We organize these directions through a "science-first" approach that allows us to classify how LISA data can inform theoretical physics in a variety of areas. For each of these theoretical physics classes, we identify the sources that are currently expected to provide the principal contribution to our knowledge, and the areas that need further development. The classification presented here should not be thought of as cast in stone, but rather as a fluid framework that is amenable to change with the flow of new insights in theoretical physics.
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| 10. |
- Cwetanski, P, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance tests and criteria of the ATLAS transition radiation tracker
- 2005
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - 0018-9499. ; 52:6, s. 2911-2916
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) sits at the outermost part of the ATLAS Inner Detector, encasing the Pixel Detector and the Semi-Conductor Tracker (SCT). The TRT combines charged particle track reconstruction with electron identification capability. This is achieved by layers of xenonfilled straw tubes with periodic radiator foils or fibers providing TR photon emission. The design and choice of materials have been optimized to cope with the harsh operating conditions at the LHC, which are expected to lead to an accumulated radiation dose of 10 Mrad and a neutron fluence of up to 2 . 10(14) n/cm(2) after ten years of operation. The TRT comprises a barrel containing 52 000 axial straws and two end-cap parts with 320 000 radial straws. The total of 420 000 electronic channels (two channels per barrel straw) allows continuous tracking with many projective measurements (more than 30 straw hits per track). The assembly of the barrel modules in the US has recently been completed, while the end-cap wheel construction in Russia has reached the 50% mark. After testing at the production sites and shipment to CERN, all modules and wheels undergo a series of quality and conformity measurements. These acceptance tests survey dimensions, wire tension, gas-tightness, high-voltage stability and gas-gain uniformity along each individual straw. This paper gives details on the acceptance criteria and measurement methods. An overview of the most important results obtained to-date is also given.
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| 11. |
- Schweinsberg, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Same data, different conclusions : Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-5978 .- 1095-9920. ; 165, s. 228-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists' gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for orga-nizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed.
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| 12. |
- Bena, I., et al.
(författare)
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Antibranes cannot become black
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 87:10, s. 104023-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When D-branes are inserted in flux backgrounds of opposite charge, the resulting solution has a certain singularity in the fluxes. Recently it has been argued, using numerical solutions, that for anti-D3 branes in the Klebanov-Strassler background, these singularities cannot be cloaked by a horizon, which strongly suggests they are not physical. In this paper we provide an analytic proof that the singularity of all codimension-three antibrane solutions (such as anti-D6 branes in massive type IIA supergravity or anti-D3 branes smeared on the T-3 of R-3 x T-3 with fluxes) cannot be hidden behind a horizon and that the charge of black branes with smooth event horizons must have the same sign as the charge of the flux background. Our result indicates that infinitesimally blackening the antibranes immediately triggers brane-flux annihilation and strengthens the intuition that antibranes placed in flux with positive charge immediately annihilate against it.
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| 13. |
- Blaback, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Lifshitz backgrounds from 10d supergravity
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :2, s. 095-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate whether 4-dimensional static and cosmological Lifshitz solutions can be found from deforming the existing (A)dS(4) compactifications in IIA and IIA. supergravity. Using a well motivated compactification Ansatz on SU(3)-structure manifolds with 19 undetermined parameters we demonstrate that this is not the case in ordinary IIA supergravity, thereby generalising previous nogo results in different ways. On the other hand, for IIA* we construct explicit cosmological Lifshitz solutions. We also consider solutions with non-constant scalars and are able to find simple static and cosmological Lifshitz solutions in IIB* supergravity and a Euclidean Lifshitz solution in ordinary Euclidean IIB supergravity, which is similar to a non-extremal deformation of the D-instanton. The latter solutions have z = -2.
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| 14. |
- Blabaeck, J., et al.
(författare)
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Universal dS vacua in STU-models
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stable de Sitter solutions in minimal F-term supergravity are known to lie close to Minkowski critical points. We consider a class of STU-models arising from type IIB compactifications with generalised fluxes. There, we apply an analytical method for solving the equations of motion for the moduli fields based on the idea of treating derivatives of the superpotential of different orders up to third as independent objects. In particular, supersymmetric and no-scale Minkowski solutions are singled out by physical reasons. Focusing on the study of dS vacua close to supersymmetric Minkowski points, we are able to elaborate a complete analytical treatment of the mass matrix based on the sGoldstino bound. This leads to a class of interesting universal dS vacua. We finally explore a similar possibility around no-scale Minkowski points and discuss some examples.
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| 15. |
- Blåbäck, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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(Anti-)brane backreaction beyond perturbation theory
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; 2012:2, s. 025-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We improve on the understanding of the backreaction of anti-D6-branes in a flux background that is mutually BPS with D6-branes. This setup is analogous to the study of the backreaction of anti-D3-branes inserted in the KS throat, but does not require us to smear the anti-branes or do a perturbative analysis around the BPS background. We solve the full equations of motion near the anti-D6-branes and show that only two boundary conditions are consistent with the equations of motion. Upon invoking a topological argument we eliminate the boundary condition with regular H flux since it cannot lead to a solution that approaches the right kind of flux away from the anti-D6-branes. This leaves us with a boundary condition which has singular, but integrable, H flux energy density.
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| 16. |
- Blåbäck, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Localised anti-branes in non-compact throats at zero and finite T
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the 3-form singularities that are typical to anti-brane solutions in supergravity and check whether they can be cloaked by a finite temperature horizon. For anti-D3-branes in the Klebanov-Strassler background, this was already shown numerically to be impossible when the branes are partially smeared. In this paper, we present analytic arguments that also localised branes remain with singular 3-form fluxes at both zero and finite temperature. These results may have important, possibly fatal, consequences for constructions of meta-stable de Sitter vacua through uplifting.
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| 17. |
- Blåbäck, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Smeared versus localised sources in flux compactifications
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :12, s. 043-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate whether vacuum solutions in flux compactifications that are obtained with smeared sources (orientifolds or D-branes) still survive when the sources are localised. This seems to rely on whether the solutions are BPS or not. First we consider two sets of BPS solutions that both relate to the GKP solution through T-dualities: (p + 1)-dimensional solutions from spacetime-filling Op-planes with a conformally Ricci-flat internal space, and p-dimensional solutions with Op-planes that wrap a 1-cycle inside an everywhere negatively curved twisted torus. The relation between the solution with smeared orientifolds and the localised version is worked out in detail. We then demonstrate that a class of non-BPS AdS(4) solutions that exist for IASD fluxes and with smeared D3-branes (or analogously for ISD fluxes with anti-D3-branes) does not survive the localisation of the (anti) D3-branes. This casts doubts on the stringy consistency of non-BPS solutions that are obtained in the limit of smeared sources.
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| 18. |
- Blåbäck, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The problematic backreaction of SUSY-breaking branes
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :8, s. 105-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the localisation of SUSY-breaking branes which, in the smeared approximation, support specific non-BPS vacua. We show, for a wide class of boundary conditions, that there is no flux vacuum when the branes are described by a genuine delta-function. Even more, we find that the smeared solution is the unique solution with a regular brane profile. Our setup consists of a non-BPS AdS(7) solution in massive IIA supergravity with smeared anti-D6-branes and fluxes T-dual to ISD fluxes in IIB supergravity.
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| 19. |
- Brynjolfsson, E. J., et al.
(författare)
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Black hole thermodynamics and heavy fermion metals
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :8, s. 027-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heavy fermion alloys at critical doping typically exhibit non-Fermi-liquid behavior at low temperatures, including a logarithmic or power law rise in the ratio of specific heat to temperature as the temperature is lowered. Anomalous specific heat of this type is also observed in a simple class of gravitational dual models that exhibit anisotropic scaling with dynamical critical exponent z > 1.
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| 20. |
- Brynjolfsson, E. J., et al.
(författare)
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Holographic superconductors with Lifshitz scaling
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of physics. A, Mathematical and theoretical. - : IOP Publishing. - 1751-8113 .- 1751-8121. ; 43:6, s. 065401-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Black holes in asymptotically Lifshitz spacetime provide a window onto finite temperature effects in strongly coupled Lifshitz models. We add a Maxwell gauge field and charged matter to a recently proposed gravity dual of (2+ 1)-dimensional Lifshitz theory. This gives rise to charged black holes with scalar hair, which correspond to the superconducting phase of holographic superconductors with z > 1 Lifshitz scaling. Along the way we analyze the global geometry of static, asymptotically Lifshitz black holes at the arbitrary critical exponent z > 1. In all known exact solutions there is a null curvature singularity in the black hole region, and, by a general argument, the same applies to generic Lifshitz black holes.
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| 21. |
- Chialva, Diego, et al.
(författare)
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Chain inflation and the imprint of fundamental physics in the CMBR
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :3, s. 007-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we investigate characteristic modifications of the spectrum of cosmological perturbations and the spectral index due to chain inflation. We find two types of effects. First, modifications of the spectral index depending on interactions between radiation and the vacuum, and on features of the effective vacuum potential of the underlying fundamental theory. Second, a modulation of the spectrum signaling new physics due to bubble nucleation. This effect is similar to those of transplanckian physics. Measurements of such signatures could provide a wealth of information on the fundamental physics at the basis of inflation.
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| 22. |
- Chialva, Diego, et al.
(författare)
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Chain inflation revisited
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :10, s. 012-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper represents an in-depth treatment of the chain inflation scenario. We fully determine the evolution of the universe in the model, the conditions necessary in order to have a successful inflationary period, and the matching with the observational results regarding the cosmological perturbations. We study in great detail, and in general, the dynamics of the background, as well as the mechanism of generation of the perturbations. We also find an explicit formula for the spectrum of adiabatic perturbations. Our results prove that chain inflation is a viable model for solving the horizon, entropy and flatness problems of standard cosmology and for generating the right amount of adiabatic cosmological perturbations. The results are radically different from those found in previous works on the subject. Finally, we argue that there is a natural way to embed chain inflation into flux compactified string theory. We discuss the details of the implementation and how to fit observations.
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| 23. |
- Chialva, Diego, et al.
(författare)
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Deforming, revolving and resolving : New paths in the string theory landscape
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; 02
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the properties of series of vacua in the string theory landscape. In particular, we study minima to the flux potential in type IIB compactifications on the mirror quintic. Using geometric transitions, we embed its one-dimensional complex structure moduli space in that of another Calabi-Yau with h1,1 = 86 and h2,1 = 2. We then show how to construct infinite series of continuously connected minima to the mirror quintic potential by moving into this larger moduli space, applying its monodromies, and moving back. We provide an example of such series, and discuss their implications for the string theory landscape
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| 24. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H., et al.
(författare)
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Black holes as bubbles of AdS
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : SPRINGER. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we propose that bubbles of AdS within Minkowski spacetime, stabilized at a finite radius by stiff matter and an electromagnetic gas, can be an alternative endpoint of gravitational collapse. The bubbles are horizonless with a size up to 12.5% larger than their Schwarzschild radius depending on their charge. We argue that they are stable against small perturbations, and have thermodynamical properties similar to those of real black holes. We provide a realization of the bubbles within string theory that relies on a specific brane intersection giving rise to a shell carrying dissolved charges from lower dimensional D-branes as well as a gas of open strings. We also note that our construction provides a new way of understanding the entropy of Reissner-Nordstrom black holes in the extremal limit.
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| 25. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H, et al.
(författare)
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Black holes in asymptotically Lifshitz spacetime
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :3, s. 070-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model of 3 + 1 dimensional gravity with negative cosmological constant coupled to abelian gauge fields has been proposed as a gravity dual for Lifshitz like critical phenomena in 2 + 1 dimensions. The finite temperature behavior is described by black holes that are asymptotic to the Lifshitz fixed point geometry. There is a one-parameter family of charged black holes, where the magnitude of the charge is uniquely determined by the black hole area. These black holes are thermodynamically stable and become extremal in the limit of vanishing size. The theory also has a discrete spectrum of localized objects described by non-singular spacetime geometries. The finite temperature behavior of Wilson loops is reminiscent of strongly coupled gauge theories in 3 + 1 dimensions, including screening at large distances.
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| 26. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H.
(författare)
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Constraining dark energy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :7, s. 048-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we propose a mechanism that protects theories violating a holographic bound suggested in arXiv:1203.5476 from developing accelerated expansion. The mechanism builts on work on transplanckian physics, and a non-trivial choice of vacuum states. If correct, it lends further support for detectable signatures in the CMBR signalling new physics.
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| 27. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H., et al.
(författare)
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De Sitter hunting in a classical landscape
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fortschritte der Physik. - : Wiley. - 0015-8208 .- 1521-3978. ; 59:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We elaborate on the construction of de Sitter solutions from IIA orientifolds of SU(3)-structure manifolds that solve the 10-dimensional equations of motion at tree-level in the approximation of smeared sources. First we classify geometries that are orbifolds of a group manifold covering space which, upon the proper inclusion of O6 planes, can be described within the framework of N=1 supergravity in 4D. Then we scan systematically for de Sitter solutions, obtained as critical points of an effective 4D potential. Apart from finding many new solutions we emphasize the challenges in constructing explicit classical de Sitter vacua, which have sofar not been met. These challenges are interesting avenues for further research and include finding solutions that are perturbatively stable, satisfy charge and flux quantization, and have genuine localized (versus smeared) orientifold sources. This paper intends to be self-contained and pedagogical, and thus can serve as a guide to the necessary technical tools required for this line of research. In an appendix we explain how to study flux and charge quantization in the presence of a non-trivial H-field using twisted homology.
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| 28. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H.
(författare)
-
Entropic dark energy and sourced Friedmann equations
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we show that a recent attempt to derive dark energy as an entropic force suffers from the same problems as earlier attempts motivated by holography. The possible remedy is again the introduction of source terms.
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| 29. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H., et al.
(författare)
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Fatal attraction : more on decaying anti-branes
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We elaborate on the decay of branes inside throat geometries that are supported by flux carrying charges opposite to the brane. Our main point is that such backgrounds necessarily have a local, possibly diverging, pile up of brane-charges dissolved in flux around the anti-brane due to the (fatal) attraction of the flux towards the brane. We explain that this causes enhanced brane-flux annihilation and is in tension with the idea that anti-branes can be used to construct meta-stable vacua. We argue that stable configurations - if they at all exist - are not obtainable within SUGR. The problem we point out is already present when the back-reaction is confined in the IR and the associated uplift energy small. Our results are valid in the regime that is complementary to a recent analysis of Bena et al.
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| 30. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H., et al.
(författare)
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Gauge field theory of chirally folded homopolymers with applications to folded proteins
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Review E. - 1539-3755. ; 82:2, s. 021910-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We combine the principle of gauge invariance with extrinsic string geometry to develop a lattice model that can be employed to theoretically describe properties of chiral, unbranched homopolymers. We find that in its low temperature phase the model is in the same universality class with proteins that are deposited in the Protein Data Bank, in the sense of the compactness index. We apply the model to analyze various statistical aspects of folded proteins. Curiously we find that it can produce results that are a very good good match to the data in the Protein Data Bank.
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| 31. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H., et al.
(författare)
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Observational signatures from horizonless black shells imitating rotating black holes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : SPRINGER. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In arXiv:1705.10172 it was proposed that string theory replaces Schwarzschild black holes with horizonless thin shells with an AdS interior. In this paper we extend the analysis to slowly rotating black holes, solving the Israel-Lanczos-Sen junction conditions for a rotating shell composed of stringy matter to determine the metric. Outside of the shell we find a vacuum solution that differs from Kerr with a 32% larger quadrupole moment. We discuss the observational consequences and explore the possibility to distinguish between a black shell and a black hole. Promising methods include imaging of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way using the Event Horizon Telescope, precision measurements of stars in close orbits around the central black hole, and future observations of colliding super massive black holes using the space based gravitational wave observatory LISA.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H., et al.
(författare)
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Towards classical de Sitter solutions in string theory
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :9, s. 114-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the type II string effective potential at tree-level for de Sitter critical points. We derive necessary ingredients for having de Sitter solutions in orientifold models with fluxes. Furthermore, we examine some explicit O6 compactifications in IIA theory on manifolds with SU(3)-structure in the limit where the orientifold sources are smeared. In particular, we use a simple ten-dimensional Ansatz for four-dimensional de Sitter solutions and find the explicit criteria in terms of the torsion classes such that these de Sitter solutions solve the equations of motion. We have verified these torsion conditions for the cosets and the Iwasawa manifold and it turns out that the conditions cannot be fulfilled for these spaces. However this investigation allows us to find new non-supersymmetric AdS solutions for some cosets. It remains an open question whether there exist SU(3)-structure manifolds that satisfy the conditions on the torsion classes for the simple de Sitter solutions to exist.
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| 34. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H., et al.
(författare)
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Universal de Sitter solutions at tree-level
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :5, s. 90-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type IIA string theory compactified on SU(3)-structure manifolds, with orientifolds, allows for classical de Sitter solutions in four dimensions. In this paper we investigate these solutions from a ten-dimensional point of view.
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| 35. |
- Danielsson, Ulf H., et al.
(författare)
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Universal isolation in the AdS landscape
- 2016
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW D. - 2470-0010. ; 94:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the universal conditions for quantum nonperturbative stability against bubble nucleation for pertubatively stable AdS vacua based on positive energy theorems. We also compare our analysis with the preexisting ones in the literature carried out within the thin-wall approximation. The aforementioned criterion is then tested in two explicit examples describing massive type IIA string theory compactified on S-3 and S-3 x S-3, respectively. The AdS landscape of both classes of compactifications is known to consist of a set of isolated points. The main result is that all critical points respecting the Breitenlohner-Freedman (BF) bound also turn out be stable at a nonperturbative level. Finally, we speculate on the possible universal features that may be extracted from the above specific examples.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Shakeri Yekta, Sepehr, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Speciation of Sulfur and Metals in Biogas Reactors - Implications for Cobalt and Nickel Bio-uptake Processes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 324, s. 110-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article deals with the interrelationship between overall chemical speciation of S, Fe, Co, and Ni in relation to metals bio-uptake processes in continuous stirred tank biogas reactors (CSTBR). To address this topic, laboratory CSTBRs digesting sulfur(S)-rich stillage, as well as full-scale CSTBRs treating sewage sludge and various combinations of organic wastes, termed co-digestion, were targeted. Sulfur speciation was evaluated using acid volatile sulfide extraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Metal speciation was evaluated by chemical fractionation, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. Relative Fe to S content is identified as a critical factor for chemical speciation and bio-uptake of metals. In reactors treating sewage sludge, quantity of Fe exceeds that of S, inducing Fe-dominated conditions, while sulfide dominates in laboratory and co-digestion reactors due to an excess of S over Fe. Under sulfide-dominated conditions, metals availability for microorganisms is restricted due to formation of metal-sulfide precipitates. However, aqueous concentrations of different Co and Ni species were shown to be sufficient to support metal acquisition by microorganisms under sulfidic conditions. Concentrations of free metal ions and labile metal complexes in aqueous phase, which directly participate in bio-uptake processes, are higher under Fe-dominated conditions. This in turn enhances metal adsorption on cell surfaces and bio-uptake rates.
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| 39. |
- Shakeri Yekta, Sepehr, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of sulfide removal by Fe addition on chemical speciation of Co(II) and Ni(II) during anaerobic digestion of stillage : Implications for microbial metal uptake
- 2014
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The effects of sulfide removal by addition of Fe on chemical speciation of Co and Ni and how it may affect the microbial metal uptake processes in biogas reactors were assessed. The influent Fe concentration was increased in a semi-continuous stirred tank biogas reactor fed with sulfur-rich stillage. Performance of the reactor, turnover kinetics of volatile carboxylic acids as well as changes in the chemical speciation of Co and Ni were investigated. The results demonstrated that approximately 95% decrease in gaseous hydrogen sulfide content of the biogas, which was caused by addition of Fe, had no apparent effects on methane production and process stability, while it enhanced the short-term turnover time of propionate. Sulfide removal decreased the overall solubility of Co and Ni partially by 1) lowering the formation of the dominant Co- and Ni-sulfide complexes in the aqueous phase and 2) by promoting processes such as adsorption and coprecipitation of Co and Ni with FeS(s). Combination of chemical speciation and bio-uptake models suggested that a higher concentration of free Co and Ni ions is achieved at low sulfide concentrations which favors the active bio-uptake of these metals. However, it was argued that the decrease in soluble metal concentrations, which was induced as a result of the addition of Fe, demotes potential diffusion-driven, passive metal uptake by microorganisms.
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| 40. |
- Öst, Anita, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes
- 2007
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Ingår i: The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860. ; 21:13, s. 3696-3704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced sensitivity to insulin in adipose, muscle, and liver tissues is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice. However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling. We examined the mechanisms of action of RBP4 in primary human adipocytes. RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes. Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine. The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4. The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4. We show that ERK1/2 phosphorylation is similarly impaired in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4. When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced. Endogenous levels of RBP4 were markedly reduced in adipocytes from obese or type 2 diabetic subjects, whereas expression levels of RBP4 mRNA were unaffected. These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
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