| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Wang, Haidong, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1459-1544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Improving survival and extending the longevity of life for all populations requires timely, robust evidence on local mortality levels and trends. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides a comprehensive assessment of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. These results informed an in-depth investigation of observed and expected mortality patterns based on sociodemographic measures.METHODS: We estimated all-cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using an improved analytical approach originally developed for GBD 2013 and GBD 2010. Improvements included refinements to the estimation of child and adult mortality and corresponding uncertainty, parameter selection for under-5 mortality synthesis by spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, and sibling history data processing. We also expanded the database of vital registration, survey, and census data to 14 294 geography-year datapoints. For GBD 2015, eight causes, including Ebola virus disease, were added to the previous GBD cause list for mortality. We used six modelling approaches to assess cause-specific mortality, with the Cause of Death Ensemble Model (CODEm) generating estimates for most causes. We used a series of novel analyses to systematically quantify the drivers of trends in mortality across geographies. First, we assessed observed and expected levels and trends of cause-specific mortality as they relate to the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Second, we examined factors affecting total mortality patterns through a series of counterfactual scenarios, testing the magnitude by which population growth, population age structures, and epidemiological changes contributed to shifts in mortality. Finally, we attributed changes in life expectancy to changes in cause of death. We documented each step of the GBD 2015 estimation processes, as well as data sources, in accordance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).FINDINGS: Globally, life expectancy from birth increased from 61·7 years (95% uncertainty interval 61·4-61·9) in 1980 to 71·8 years (71·5-72·2) in 2015. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa had very large gains in life expectancy from 2005 to 2015, rebounding from an era of exceedingly high loss of life due to HIV/AIDS. At the same time, many geographies saw life expectancy stagnate or decline, particularly for men and in countries with rising mortality from war or interpersonal violence. From 2005 to 2015, male life expectancy in Syria dropped by 11·3 years (3·7-17·4), to 62·6 years (56·5-70·2). Total deaths increased by 4·1% (2·6-5·6) from 2005 to 2015, rising to 55·8 million (54·9 million to 56·6 million) in 2015, but age-standardised death rates fell by 17·0% (15·8-18·1) during this time, underscoring changes in population growth and shifts in global age structures. The result was similar for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with total deaths from these causes increasing by 14·1% (12·6-16·0) to 39·8 million (39·2 million to 40·5 million) in 2015, whereas age-standardised rates decreased by 13·1% (11·9-14·3). Globally, this mortality pattern emerged for several NCDs, including several types of cancer, ischaemic heart disease, cirrhosis, and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. By contrast, both total deaths and age-standardised death rates due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, gains largely attributable to decreases in mortality rates due to HIV/AIDS (42·1%, 39·1-44·6), malaria (43·1%, 34·7-51·8), neonatal preterm birth complications (29·8%, 24·8-34·9), and maternal disorders (29·1%, 19·3-37·1). Progress was slower for several causes, such as lower respiratory infections and nutritional deficiencies, whereas deaths increased for others, including dengue and drug use disorders. Age-standardised death rates due to injuries significantly declined from 2005 to 2015, yet interpersonal violence and war claimed increasingly more lives in some regions, particularly in the Middle East. In 2015, rotaviral enteritis (rotavirus) was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to diarrhoea (146 000 deaths, 118 000-183 000) and pneumococcal pneumonia was the leading cause of under-5 deaths due to lower respiratory infections (393 000 deaths, 228 000-532 000), although pathogen-specific mortality varied by region. Globally, the effects of population growth, ageing, and changes in age-standardised death rates substantially differed by cause. Our analyses on the expected associations between cause-specific mortality and SDI show the regular shifts in cause of death composition and population age structure with rising SDI. Country patterns of premature mortality (measured as years of life lost [YLLs]) and how they differ from the level expected on the basis of SDI alone revealed distinct but highly heterogeneous patterns by region and country or territory. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes were among the leading causes of YLLs in most regions, but in many cases, intraregional results sharply diverged for ratios of observed and expected YLLs based on SDI. Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases caused the most YLLs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with observed YLLs far exceeding expected YLLs for countries in which malaria or HIV/AIDS remained the leading causes of early death.INTERPRETATION: At the global scale, age-specific mortality has steadily improved over the past 35 years; this pattern of general progress continued in the past decade. Progress has been faster in most countries than expected on the basis of development measured by the SDI. Against this background of progress, some countries have seen falls in life expectancy, and age-standardised death rates for some causes are increasing. Despite progress in reducing age-standardised death rates, population growth and ageing mean that the number of deaths from most non-communicable causes are increasing in most countries, putting increased demands on health systems.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Abe, O, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 365:9472, s. 1687-1717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Quinquennial overviews (1985-2000) of the randomised trials in early breast cancer have assessed the 5-year and 10-year effects of various systemic adjuvant therapies on breast cancer recurrence and survival. Here, we report the 10-year and 15-year effects. Methods Collaborative meta-analyses were undertaken of 194 unconfounded randomised trials of adjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy that began by 1995. Many trials involved CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil), anthracycline-based combinations such as FAC (fluorouracil, doxombicin, cyclophosphamide) or FEC (fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide), tamoxifen, or ovarian suppression: none involved taxanes, trastuzumab, raloxifene, or modem aromatase inhibitors. Findings Allocation to about 6 months of anthracycline-based polychemotherapy (eg, with FAC or FEC) reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by about 38% (SE 5) for women younger than 50 years of age when diagnosed and by about 20% (SE 4) for those of age 50-69 years when diagnosed, largely irrespective of the use of tamoxifen and of oestrogen receptor (ER) status, nodal status, or other tumour characteristics. Such regimens are significantly (2p=0 . 0001 for recurrence, 2p<0 . 00001 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than CMF chemotherapy. Few women of age 70 years or older entered these chemotherapy trials. For ER-positive disease only, allocation to about 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the annual breast cancer death rate by 31% (SE 3), largely irrespective of the use of chemotherapy and of age (<50, 50-69, &GE; 70 years), progesterone receptor status, or other tumour characteristics. 5 years is significantly (2p<0 . 00001 for recurrence, 2p=0 . 01 for breast cancer mortality) more effective than just 1-2 years of tamoxifen. For ER-positive tumours, the annual breast cancer mortality rates are similar during years 0-4 and 5-14, as are the proportional reductions in them by 5 years of tamoxifen, so the cumulative reduction in mortality is more than twice as big at 15 years as at 5 years after diagnosis. These results combine six meta-analyses: anthracycline-based versus no chemotherapy (8000 women); CMF-based versus no chemotherapy (14 000); anthracycline-based versus CMF-based chemotherapy (14 000); about 5 years of tamoxifen versus none (15 000); about 1-2 years of tamoxifen versus none (33 000); and about 5 years versus 1-2 years of tamoxifen (18 000). Finally, allocation to ovarian ablation or suppression (8000 women) also significantly reduces breast cancer mortality, but appears to do so only in the absence of other systemic treatments. For middle-aged women with ER-positive disease (the commonest type of breast cancer), the breast cancer mortality rate throughout the next 15 years would be approximately halved by 6 months of anthracycline-based chemotherapy (with a combination such as FAC or FEC) followed by 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. For, if mortality reductions of 38% (age <50 years) and 20% (age 50-69 years) from such chemotherapy were followed by a further reduction of 31% from tamoxifen in the risks that remain, the final mortality reductions would be 57% and 45%, respectively (and, the trial results could well have been somewhat stronger if there had been full compliance with the allocated treatments). Overall survival would be comparably improved, since these treatments have relatively small effects on mortality from the aggregate of all other causes. Interpretation Some of the widely practicable adjuvant drug treatments that were being tested in the 1980s, which substantially reduced 5-year recurrence rates (but had somewhat less effect on 5-year mortality rates), also substantially reduce 15-year mortality rates. Further improvements in long-term survival could well be available from newer drugs, or better use of older drugs.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 7. |
- Werren, John H, et al.
(författare)
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Functional and evolutionary insights from the genomes of three parasitoid Nasonia species.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 327:5963, s. 343-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti, and N. longicornis. Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia, and Nasonia; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Eratne, D., et al.
(författare)
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Plasma neurofilament light in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia compared to mood and psychotic disorders
- 2023
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Ingår i: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. - 0004-8674. ; 58:1, s. 70-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Blood biomarkers of neuronal injury such as neurofilament light (NfL) show promise to improve diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders and distinguish neurodegenerative from primary psychiatric disorders (PPD). This study investigated the diagnostic utility of plasma NfL to differentiate behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, a neurodegenerative disorder commonly misdiagnosed initially as PPD), from PPD, and performance of large normative/reference data sets and models. Methods: Plasma NfL was analysed in major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 42), bipolar affective disorder (BPAD, n = 121), treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS, n = 82), bvFTD (n = 22), and compared to the reference cohort (Control Group 2, n = 1926, using GAMLSS modelling), and age-matched controls (Control Group 1, n = 96, using general linear models). Results: Large differences were seen between bvFTD (mean NfL 34.9 pg/mL) and all PPDs and controls (all < 11 pg/mL). NfL distinguished bvFTD from PPD with high accuracy, sensitivity (86%), and specificity (88%). GAMLSS models using reference Control Group 2 facilitated precision interpretation of individual levels, while performing equally to or outperforming models using local controls. Slightly higher NfL levels were found in BPAD, compared to controls and TRS. Conclusions: This study adds further evidence on the diagnostic utility of NfL to distinguish bvFTD from PPD of high clinical relevance to a bvFTD differential diagnosis, and includes the largest cohort of BPAD to date. Using large reference cohorts, GAMLSS modelling and the interactive Internet-based application we developed, may have important implications for future research and clinical translation. Studies are underway investigating utility of plasma NfL in diverse neurodegenerative and primary psychiatric conditions in real-world clinical settings.
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| 12. |
- Clarke, M, et al.
(författare)
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Adjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen-receptor-poor breast cancer : patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 371:9606, s. 29-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of adjuvant polychemotherapy regimens in oestrogen-receptor-poor (ER-poor) breast cancer, and the extent to which these effects are modified by age or tamoxifen use, can be assessed by an updated meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials.METHODS: Collaborative meta-analyses of individual patient data for about 6000 women with ER-poor breast cancer in 46 trials of polychemotherapy versus not (non-taxane-based polychemotherapy, typically about six cycles; trial start dates 1975-96, median 1984) and about 14 000 women with ER-poor breast cancer in 50 trials of tamoxifen versus not (some trials in the presence and some in the absence of polychemotherapy; trial start dates 1972-93, median 1982).FINDINGS: In women with ER-poor breast cancer, polychemotherapy significantly reduced recurrence, breast cancer mortality, and death from any cause, in those younger than 50 years and those aged 50-69 years at entry into trials of polychemotherapy versus not. In those aged younger than 50 years (1907 women, 15% node-positive), the 10-year risks were: recurrence 33% versus 45% (ratio of 10-year risks 0.73, 2p<0.00001), breast cancer mortality 24% versus 32% (ratio 0.73, 2p=0.0002), and death from any cause 25% versus 33% (ratio 0.75, 2p=0.0003). In women aged 50-69 years (3965 women, 58% node-positive), the 10-year risks were: recurrence 42% versus 52% (ratio 0.82, 2p<0.00001), breast cancer mortality 36% versus 42% (ratio 0.86, 2p=0.0004), and death from any cause 39% versus 45% (ratio 0.87, 2p=0.0009). Few were aged 70 years or older. Tamoxifen had little effect on recurrence or death in women who were classified in these trials as having ER-poor disease, and did not significantly modify the effects of polychemotherapy.INTERPRETATION: In women who had ER-poor breast cancer, and were either younger than 50 years or between 50 and 69 years, these older adjuvant polychemotherapy regimens were safe (ie, had little effect on mortality from causes other than breast cancer) and produced substantial and definite reductions in the 10-year risks of recurrence and death. Current and future chemotherapy regimens could well yield larger proportional reductions in breast cancer mortality.
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| 13. |
- Davies, C, et al.
(författare)
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Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen : patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 378:9793, s. 771-784
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: As trials of 5 years of tamoxifen in early breast cancer mature, the relevance of hormone receptor measurements (and other patient characteristics) to long-term outcome can be assessed increasingly reliably. We report updated meta-analyses of the trials of 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. METHODS: We undertook a collaborative meta-analysis of individual patient data from 20 trials (n=21,457) in early breast cancer of about 5 years of tamoxifen versus no adjuvant tamoxifen, with about 80% compliance. Recurrence and death rate ratios (RRs) were from log-rank analyses by allocated treatment. FINDINGS: In oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease (n=10,645), allocation to about 5 years of tamoxifen substantially reduced recurrence rates throughout the first 10 years (RR 0·53 [SE 0·03] during years 0-4 and RR 0·68 [0·06] during years 5-9 [both 2p<0·00001]; but RR 0·97 [0·10] during years 10-14, suggesting no further gain or loss after year 10). Even in marginally ER-positive disease (10-19 fmol/mg cytosol protein) the recurrence reduction was substantial (RR 0·67 [0·08]). In ER-positive disease, the RR was approximately independent of progesterone receptor status (or level), age, nodal status, or use of chemotherapy. Breast cancer mortality was reduced by about a third throughout the first 15 years (RR 0·71 [0·05] during years 0-4, 0·66 [0·05] during years 5-9, and 0·68 [0·08] during years 10-14; p<0·0001 for extra mortality reduction during each separate time period). Overall non-breast-cancer mortality was little affected, despite small absolute increases in thromboembolic and uterine cancer mortality (both only in women older than 55 years), so all-cause mortality was substantially reduced. In ER-negative disease, tamoxifen had little or no effect on breast cancer recurrence or mortality. INTERPRETATION: 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen safely reduces 15-year risks of breast cancer recurrence and death. ER status was the only recorded factor importantly predictive of the proportional reductions. Hence, the absolute risk reductions produced by tamoxifen depend on the absolute breast cancer risks (after any chemotherapy) without tamoxifen. FUNDING: Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation, and Medical Research Council.
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| 14. |
- Riley, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Strongly Deformed Nuclear Shapes at Ultra-High Spin and Shape Coexistence in N\sim 90 Nuclei
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254. ; 40:3, s. 513-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The N similar to 90 region of the nuclear chart has featured prominently as the spectroscopy of nuclei at extreme spin has progressed. This talk will present recent discoveries from investigations of high spin behavior in the N similar to 90 Er, Tm and Yb nuclei utilizing the Gammasphere gamma-ray spectrometer. In particular it will include discussion of the beautiful shape evolution and coexistence observed in these nuclei along with the identification of a remarkable new family of band structures. The latter are very weakly populated rotational sequences with high moment of inertia that bypass the classic terminating configurations near spin 40-50 (h) over bar, marking a return to collectivity that extends discrete gamma-ray spectroscopy to well over 60 (h) over bar. Establishing the nature of the yrast states in these nuclei beyond the oblate band-termination states has been a major goal for the past two decades. Cranking calculations suggest that these new structures most likely represent stable triaxial strongly deformed bands that lie in a valley of favored shell energy in deformation and particle-number space.
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| 15. |
- Widemann, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Venus Evolution Through Time : Key Science Questions, Selected Mission Concepts and Future Investigations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : SPRINGER. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 219:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we discuss various selected mission concepts addressing Venus evolution through time. More specifically, we address investigations and payload instrument concepts supporting scientific goals and open questions presented in the companion articles of this volume. Also included are their related investigations (observations & modeling) and discussion of which measurements and future data products are needed to better constrain Venus' atmosphere, climate, surface, interior and habitability evolution through time. A new fleet of Venus missions has been selected, and new mission concepts will continue to be considered for future selections. Missions under development include radar-equipped ESA-led EnVision M5 orbiter mission (European Space Agency 2021), NASA-JPL's VERITAS orbiter mission (Smrekar et al. 2022a), NASA-GSFC's DAVINCI entry probe/flyby mission (Garvin et al. 2022a). The data acquired with the VERITAS, DAVINCI, and EnVision from the end of this decade will fundamentally improve our understanding of the planet's long term history, current activity and evolutionary path. We further describe future mission concepts and measurements beyond the current framework of selected missions, as well as the synergies between these mission concepts, ground-based and space-based observatories and facilities, laboratory measurements, and future algorithmic or modeling activities that pave the way for the development of a Venus program that extends into the 2040s (Wilson et al. 2022).
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Carroll, R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Blurring the Boundaries : Decays of Multiparticle Isomers at the Proton Drip Line
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 112:9, s. 092501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multiparticle spin-trap isomer has been discovered in the proton-unbound nucleus 158 73 Ta 85. The isomer mainly decays by (h) over bar -ray emission with a half-life of 6.1d(1) mu s. Analysis of the gamma-ray data shows that the isomer lies 2668 keV above the known 9(+) state and has a spin 10h higher and negative parity. This 19(-) isomer also has an 8644(11) keV, 1.4(2)% alpha-decay branch that populates the 9(+) state in Lu-154. No proton-decay branch from the isomer was identified, despite the isomer being unbound to proton emission by 3261(14) keV. This remarkable stability against proton emission is compared with theoretical predictions, and the implications for the extent of observable nuclides are considered.
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| 18. |
- Carroll, R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Competing decay modes of a high-spin isomer in the proton-unbound nucleus 158Ta
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B. - 0587-4254 .- 1509-5770. ; 46:3, s. 695-698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An isomeric state at high spin and excitation energy was recently observed in the proton-unbound nucleus 158Ta. This state was observed to decay by both α and γ decay modes. The large spin change required to decay via γ-ray emission incurs a lifetime long enough for α decay to compete. The α decay has an energy of 8644(11) keV, which is among the highest observed in the region, a partial half-life of 440(70) μs and changes the spin by 11h. In this paper, additional evidence supporting the assignment of this α decay to the high-spin isomer in 158Ta will be presented.
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| 19. |
- Carroll, R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Multiparticle configurations of excited states in Lu-155
- 2016
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW C. - 2469-9985. ; 94:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in the neutron-deficient N = 84 nuclide Lu-155 have been populated by using the Pd-102(Ni-58, alpha p) reaction. The Lu-155 nuclei were separated by using the gas-filled recoil ion transport unit (RITU) separator and implanted into the Si detectors of the gamma recoil electron alpha tagging (GREAT) spectrometer. Prompt gamma-ray emissions measured at the target position using the JUROGAM Ge detector array were assigned to Lu-155 through correlations with alpha decays measured in GREAT. Structures feeding the (11/2(-)) and (25/2(-)) alpha-decaying states have been revised and extended. Shell-model calculations have been performed and are found to reproduce the excitation energies of several of the low-lying states observed to within an average of 71 keV. In particular, the seniority inversion of the 25/2(-) and 27/2(-) states is reproduced.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Darby, S, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death : meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 378:9804, s. 16-1707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: After breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy reduces recurrence and breast cancer death, but it may do so more for some groups of women than for others. We describe the absolute magnitude of these reductions according to various prognostic and other patient characteristics, and relate the absolute reduction in 15-year risk of breast cancer death to the absolute reduction in 10-year recurrence risk.METHODS: We undertook a meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials of radiotherapy versus no radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery, 8337 of whom had pathologically confirmed node-negative (pN0) or node-positive (pN+) disease.FINDINGS: Overall, radiotherapy reduced the 10-year risk of any (ie, locoregional or distant) first recurrence from 35·0% to 19·3% (absolute reduction 15·7%, 95% CI 13·7-17·7, 2p<0·00001) and reduced the 15-year risk of breast cancer death from 25·2% to 21·4% (absolute reduction 3·8%, 1·6-6·0, 2p=0·00005). In women with pN0 disease (n=7287), radiotherapy reduced these risks from 31·0% to 15·6% (absolute recurrence reduction 15·4%, 13·2-17·6, 2p<0·00001) and from 20·5% to 17·2% (absolute mortality reduction 3·3%, 0·8-5·8, 2p=0·005), respectively. In these women with pN0 disease, the absolute recurrence reduction varied according to age, grade, oestrogen-receptor status, tamoxifen use, and extent of surgery, and these characteristics were used to predict large (≥20%), intermediate (10-19%), or lower (<10%) absolute reductions in the 10-year recurrence risk. Absolute reductions in 15-year risk of breast cancer death in these three prediction categories were 7·8% (95% CI 3·1-12·5), 1·1% (-2·0 to 4·2), and 0·1% (-7·5 to 7·7) respectively (trend in absolute mortality reduction 2p=0·03). In the few women with pN+ disease (n=1050), radiotherapy reduced the 10-year recurrence risk from 63·7% to 42·5% (absolute reduction 21·2%, 95% CI 14·5-27·9, 2p<0·00001) and the 15-year risk of breast cancer death from 51·3% to 42·8% (absolute reduction 8·5%, 1·8-15·2, 2p=0·01). Overall, about one breast cancer death was avoided by year 15 for every four recurrences avoided by year 10, and the mortality reduction did not differ significantly from this overall relationship in any of the three prediction categories for pN0 disease or for pN+ disease.INTERPRETATION: After breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy to the conserved breast halves the rate at which the disease recurs and reduces the breast cancer death rate by about a sixth. These proportional benefits vary little between different groups of women. By contrast, the absolute benefits from radiotherapy vary substantially according to the characteristics of the patient and they can be predicted at the time when treatment decisions need to be made.FUNDING: Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation, and UK Medical Research Council.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Davis-Merry, T. R., et al.
(författare)
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Collective excitations in the transitional nuclei Re-163 and Re-165
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 91:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in the neutron-deficient nuclei (163)(75) Re-88 and (165)(75) Re-90 were populated in the Cd-106(Ni-60, p2n gamma) and Mo-92(Kr-78, 3p2n gamma) fusion-evaporation reactions at bombarding energies of 270 and 380 MeV, respectively.. rays were detected at the target position using the JUROGAM spectrometer while recoiling ions were separated in-flight by the RITU gas-filled recoil separator and implanted in the GREAT spectrometer. The energy level schemes for Re-163 and Re-165 were identified using recoil-decay correlation techniques. At low spin, the yrast bands of these isotopes consist of signature partner bands based on a single pi h(11/2) quasiproton configuration. The bands display large energy splitting consistent with the soft triaxial shape typical of transitional nuclei above N = 82. The configurations of the excited states are proposed within the framework of the cranked shell model.
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| 24. |
- Drummond, M. C., et al.
(författare)
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Low-lying excited states in the neutron-deficient isotopes Os-163 and Os-165
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 87:5, s. 054309-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in the neutron-deficient isotopes Os-163 and Os-165 were identified using the JUROGAM and GREAT spectrometers in conjunction with the RITU gas-filled separator. The Os-163 and Os-165 nuclei were populated via the Cd-106(Ni-60,3n) and Mo-92(Kr-78,2p3n) reactions at bombarding energies of 270 MeV and 357 MeV, respectively. Gamma-ray emissions from these nuclei have been established unambiguously using the recoil-decay tagging technique and a coincidence analysis has allowed level schemes to be established. These results suggest that the yrast states are based upon negative-parity configurations originating from the f(7/2) and h(9/2) orbitals.
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| 25. |
- Grahn, T., et al.
(författare)
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Collectivity and configuration mixing in Pb186,188 and Po194
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 97:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifetimes of prolate intruder states in Pb186 and oblate intruder states in Po194 have been determined by employing, for the first time, the recoil-decay tagging technique in recoil distance Doppler-shift lifetime measurements. In addition, lifetime measurements of prolate states in Pb188 up to the 8+ state were carried out using the recoil-gating method. The B(E2) values have been deduced from which deformation parameters |β2|=0.29(5) and |β2|=0.17(3) for the prolate and the oblate bands, respectively, have been extracted. The results also shed new light on the mixing between different shapes.
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| 26. |
- Hadinia, B., et al.
(författare)
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IN-BEAM gamma-RAY SPECTROSCOPY ABOVE THE HIGH-SPIN ISOMERIC STATE IN Lu-155
- 2013
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Ingår i: CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD. ; , s. 139-144
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Excited states in Lu-155 have been studied at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyvaskyla in Finland. The Lu-155 nuclei were populated using the reaction of Ni-58 on (102)pd at a beam energy of 280 MeV. The nuclei of interest were selected using the RITU gas filled recoil separator and the prompt gamma rays belonging to 155Lu were identified using the recoil-decay tagging technique. The gamma-ray transitions de-exciting the excited states above the high-spin isomeric a-decaying state in Lu-155 have been identified. A gamma-ray coincidence analysis shows that the previously reported level scheme for Lu-155 should be revised.
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| 27. |
- Hartley, D. J., et al.
(författare)
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Wobbling mode in Ta-167
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 80:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The collective wobbling mode, the strongest signature for the rotation of a triaxial nucleus, has previously been seen only in a few Lu isotopes in spite of extensive searches in nearby isotopes. A sequence of transitions in the N = 94 Ta-167 nucleus exhibiting features similar to those attributed to the wobbling bands in the Lu nuclei has now been found. This band feeds into the pi i(13/2) band at a relative energy similar to that seen in the established wobbling bands and its dynamic moment of inertia and alignment properties are nearly identical to the i(13/2) structure over a significant frequency range. Given these characteristics, it is likely that the wobbling mode has been observed for the first time in a nucleus other than Lu, making this collective motion a more general phenomenon.
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| 28. |
- Herzberg, R-D, et al.
(författare)
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Isomer spectroscopy in No-254
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; T125, s. 73-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isomeric states in No-254 were investigated using a calorimetric method. Two different isomers were found with half-lives of T-1/2 = 266 +/- 2 ms and T-1/2 = 184 +/- 3 mu s, respectively. The dominant decay path of the 184 mu s isomer proceeds via states feeding the longer-lived 266 ms isomer. The 266 ms isomer in turn decays via a two-quasi-particle K = 3 band to the ground-state band. The full decay path was observed with the GREAT spectrometer located at the focal plane of the gas-filled separator RITU at the Accelerator Laboratory in Jyvskyl. This work sheds light on the two-quasi-particle structure in this transfermium nucleus.
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| 29. |
- Joss, D. T., et al.
(författare)
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The influence of quasineutron configurations on 161Ta and nearby odd-A nuclei
- 2011
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Ingår i: AIP Conf. Proc.. - : AIP. - 9780735409835 ; , s. 43-48
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several strongly coupled bands in the neutron-deficient nucleus 161Ta have been identified and quasiparticle configuration assignments have been made on the basis of rotational alignments and cranked shell model calculations. The level scheme elucidated for 161Ta highlights the competition between the ν(h 9/2) and ν(i 13/2) orbitals to form the yrast spectrum. The band structures in 161Ta also provide new insights into the structural features of other heavy odd-A nuclei populated with much lower reaction cross sections in this region at the proton drip line.
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| 30. |
- Kesteloot, N., et al.
(författare)
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Deformation and mixing of coexisting shapes in neutron-deficient polonium isotopes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 92:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coulomb-excitation experiments are performed with postaccelerated beams of neutron-deficient Po-196,Po-198,Po-200,Po-202 isotopes at the REX-ISOLDE facility. A set of matrix elements, coupling the low-lying states in these isotopes, is extracted. In the two heaviest isotopes, Po-196,Po-198, the transitional and diagonal matrix elements of the 2(1)(+) state are determined. In Po-196,Po-198 multistep Coulomb excitation is observed, populating the 4(1)(+), 0(2)(+), and 2(2)(+) states. The experimental results are compared to the results from the measurement of mean-square charge radii in polonium isotopes, confirming the onset of deformation from Po-196 onwards. Three model descriptions are used to compare to the data. Calculations with the beyond-mean-field model, the interacting boson model, and the general Bohr Hamiltonian model show partial agreement with the experimental data. Finally, calculations with a phenomenological two-level mixing model hint at the mixing of a spherical structure with a weakly deformed rotational structure.
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| 31. |
- Ketelhut, S., et al.
(författare)
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gamma-Ray Spectroscopy at the Limits : First Observation of Rotational Bands in Lr-255
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 102:21, s. 212501-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rotational band structure of Lr-255 has been investigated using advanced in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopic techniques. To date, Lr-255 is the heaviest nucleus to be studied in this manner. One rotational band has been unambiguously observed and strong evidence for a second rotational structure was found. The structures are tentatively assigned to be based on the 1/2(-)[521] and 7/2(-)[514] Nilsson states, consistent with assignments from recently obtained alpha decay data. The experimental rotational band dynamic moment of inertia is used to test self-consistent mean-field calculations using the Skyrme SLy4 interaction and a density-dependent pairing force.
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| 32. |
- Krishnan, Krishnamoorthy, et al.
(författare)
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The role of wingbeat frequency and amplitude in flight power
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Royal Society Interface. - : The Royal Society. - 1742-5689 .- 1742-5662. ; 19:193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mounted accelerometers provide a new prospect for estimating power use in flying birds, as the signal varies with the two major kinematic determinants of aerodynamic power: wingbeat frequency and amplitude. Yet wingbeat frequency is sometimes used as a proxy for power output in isolation. There is, therefore, a need to understand which kinematic parameter birds vary and whether this is predicted by flight mode (e.g. accelerating, ascending/descending flight), speed or morphology. We investigate this using high-frequency acceleration data from (i) 14 species flying in the wild, (ii) two species flying in controlled conditions in a wind tunnel and (iii) a review of experimental and field studies. While wingbeat frequency and amplitude were positively correlated, R 2 values were generally low, supporting the idea that parameters can vary independently. Indeed, birds were more likely to modulate wingbeat amplitude for more energy-demanding flight modes, including climbing and take-off. Nonetheless, the striking variability, even within species and flight types, highlights the complexity of describing the kinematic relationships, which appear sensitive to both the biological and physical context. Notwithstanding this, acceleration metrics that incorporate both kinematic parameters should be more robust proxies for power than wingbeat frequency alone.
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| 33. |
- Lall, Gurdeep K., et al.
(författare)
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Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of closely related wild and captive tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans) populations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Parasites & Vectors. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-3305. ; 3, s. 47-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are vectors of trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in livestock across sub-Saharan Africa. Tsetse control strategies rely on a detailed understanding of the epidemiology and ecology of tsetse together with genetic variation within and among populations. High-resolution nuclear genetic markers are useful tools for elucidation of the genetic basis of phenotypic traits. In this study amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were developed to analyze genetic variation in Glossina morsitans morsitans from laboratory and field-collected populations from Zimbabwe. Results: A total of seven hundred and fifty one loci from laboratory and field populations of G. m. morsitans from Zimbabwe were genotyped using AFLP with seven primer combinations. Analysis identified 335 polymorphic loci. The two populations could be distinguished by cluster and principal components analysis (PCA) analysis, indicating that AFLP markers can be used to separate genetically similar populations; at the same time differences observed between laboratory and field populations were not very great. Among the techniques investigated, the use of acetone was the most reliable method of preservation of tsetse for subsequent extraction of high molecular weight DNA. An interesting finding was that AFLP also enabled robust within-population discrimination of male and female tsetse flies due to their different X chromosome DNA complements. Conclusions: AFLP represents a useful additional tool to add to the suite of techniques currently available for the genetic analysis of tsetse populations and represents a useful resource for identification of the genetic basis of important phenotypic traits.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Mustafa, M., et al.
(författare)
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Diverse collective excitations in Er-159 up to high spin
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 84:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A spectroscopic investigation of the gamma decays from excited states in Er-159 has been performed to study the changing structural properties exhibited as ultrahigh spins (I > 60 (h) over bar) are approached. The nucleus of Er-159 was populated by the reaction Cd-116(Ca-48, 5n gamma) at a beam energy of 215 MeV, and the resulting gamma decays were studied using the Gammasphere spectrometer. New rotational bands and extensions to existing sequences were observed, which are discussed in terms of the cranked shell model, revealing a diverse range of quasiparticle configurations. At spins around 50 (h) over bar, there is evidence for a change from dominant prolate collective motion at the yrast line to oblate non-collective structures via the mechanism of band termination. A possible strongly deformed triaxial band occurs at these high spins, which indicates collectivity beyond 50 (h) over bar. The high-spin data are interpreted within the framework of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.
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| 36. |
- Ollier, J., et al.
(författare)
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Structure changes in Er-160 from low to ultrahigh spin
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 83:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A spectroscopic investigation of the gamma decays from excited states in Er-160 has been performed in order to study the changing structural properties exhibited from low spin up toward ultrahigh spin (I similar to 60 h). The nucleus Er-160 was populated by the reaction Cd-116(Ca-48,4n gamma) at a beam energy of 215 MeV, and resulting gamma decays were studied using the Gammasphere spectrometer. New rotational structures and extensions to existing bands were observed, revealing a diverse range of quasiparticle configurations, which are discussed in terms of the cranked shell model. At spins around 50h there is evidence for oblate states close to the yrast line. Three rotational bands that have the characteristics of strongly deformed triaxial structures are observed, marking a return to collectivity at even higher spin. The high-spin data are interpreted within the framework of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.
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| 37. |
- Ollier, J., et al.
(författare)
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Ultrahigh-spin spectroscopy of Er-159,Er-160: Observation of triaxial strongly deformed structures
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C (Nuclear Physics). - 0556-2813. ; 80:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three weakly populated high-spin rotational bands associated with the gamma decay of Er-159 and Er-160 were observed in fusion-evaporation reactions involving a beam of Ca-48 at an energy of 215 MeV incident on a Cd-116 target. The gamma decays were detected using the highly efficient Gammasphere spectrometer. The discovery of these bands, which extend discrete-line spectroscopy in these nuclei to ultrahigh spin of similar to 60h, is consistent with recent observations of high-spin collective structures in isotopes of Er, Yb, and Tm around N=90. Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations suggest that these bands may arise from well-deformed triaxial configurations with either positive or negative gamma deformation.
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| 38. |
- Scholey, C., et al.
(författare)
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In-beam and decay spectroscopy of very neutron deficient iridium nuclei
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics G. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 31:10, s. S1719-S1722
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iridium nuclei at and beyond the proton drip line have been studied via fusion evaporation reactions. A reaction of Mo-92(Kr-78, p2n) at a beam energy of 360 MeV and target thickness 500 mu g cm(-2) was employed to study (167,167m) Ir. A reaction of Sn-112(Ni-58, p2n) at a beam energy of 266 MeV and target thickness 500 mu g cm(-2) was used to study (169,169m) Ir. The experiments were performed at the University of Jyvaskyla utilizing the RITU separator in conjunction with the focal plane GREAT spectrometer and the JUROGAM Ge array at the target position. Excited states feeding. both the ground state and isomeric state in Ir-169, excited states feeding the ground state of Ir-167 and the ground state alpha decay of Re-165 have been observed for the first time along with excited states feeding (167)m Ir Experimental spectroscopic factors and reduced widths have been obtained for the proton and alpha decay of these nuclei.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Bianco, L., et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of W-157 and Os-161
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 690:1, s. 15-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nuclides W-157 and Os-161 have been discovered ill reactions of Ni-58 ion beams with a Cd-106 target. The Os-161 alpha-decay energy and half-life were 6890 +/- 12 keV and 640 +/- 60 mu s. The daughter W-157 nuclei beta-decayed with a half-life of 275 +/- 40 ms, populating both low-lying alpha-decaying states in Ta-157, which is consistent with a 7/2(-) ground state in W-157. Fine structure observed in the alpha decay of Os-161 places the lowest excited state in W-157 with 1(pi) = 9/2(-) at 318 +/- 30 key. The branching ratio of 5.5(-2.2)(+3.1)% indicates that Os-161 also has a 7/2(-) ground state. Shell-model calculations analysing the effects of monopole shifts and a tensor force on the relative energies of 2f(7/2) and 1h(9/2) neutron states in N = 83 isotones are presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Cho, Nam-Hyuk, et al.
(författare)
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The Orientia tsutsugamushi genome reveals massive proliferation of conjugative type IV secretion system and host–cell interaction genes
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 104:19, s. 7981-7986
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scrub typhus is caused by the obligate intracellular rickettsia Orientia tsutsugamushi (previously called Rickettsia tsutsugamushi). The bacterium is maternally inherited in trombicuid mites and transmitted to humans by feeding larvae. We report here the 2,127,051-bp genome of the Boryong strain, which represents the most highly repeated bacterial genome sequenced to date. The repeat density of the scrub typhus pathogen is 200-fold higher than that of its close relative Rickettsia prowazekii, the agent of epidemic typhus. A total of 359 tra genes for components of conjugative type IV secretion systems were identified at 79 sites in the genome. Associated with these are >200 genes for signaling and host–cell interaction proteins, such as histidine kinases, ankyrin-repeat proteins, and tetratrico peptide-repeat proteins. Additionally, the O. tsutsugamushi genome contains >400 transposases, 60 phage integrases, and 70 reverse transcriptases. Deletions and rearrangements have yielded unique gene combinations as well as frequent pseudogenization in the tra clusters. A comparative analysis of the tra clusters within the genome and across strains indicates sequence homogenization by gene conversion, whereas complexity, diversity, and pseudogenization are acquired by duplications, deletions, and transposon integrations into the amplified segments. The results suggest intragenomic duplications or multiple integrations of a massively proliferating conjugative transfer system. Diversifying selection on host–cell interaction genes along with repeated population bottlenecks may drive rare genome variants to fixation, thereby short-circuiting selection for low complexity in bacterial genomes.
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| 46. |
- Darby, Alistair C., et al.
(författare)
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Intracellular pathogens go extreme: genome evolution in the Rickettsiales
- 2007
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Ingår i: Trends in Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9525 .- 1362-4555. ; 23:10, s. 511-520
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Rickettsiales, a genetically diverse group of the α-Proteobacteria, include major mammalian pathogens, such as the agents of epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, ehrlichioses and heartwater disease. Sequenced genomes of this bacterial order have provided exciting insights into reductive genome evolution, antigenic variation and host cell manipulation. Recent results suggest that human pathogens emerged relatively late in the evolution of the Rickettsiales. Surprisingly, there is no association between pathogenicity and the acquisition of novel virulence genes. Here, we explore the genomic differences between members of the Rickettsiales and ask what are the changes that enable infectious agents to emerge from seemingly harmless bacteria.
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| 47. |
- Darby, I. G., et al.
(författare)
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Decay of the high-spin isomer in Re-160 : Changing single-particle structure beyond the proton drip line
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 695:1-4, s. 78-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new high-spin isomeric state (t(1/2) = 2.8 +/- 0.1 mu s) in Re-160 has been identified. This high-spin isomer is unique in that it only decays by gamma-decay and not by proton or alpha-particle emission as is the case in every other proton emitter between Z = 64 and 80. Shell model calculations indicate how the convergence of the h(9/2) and f(7/2) neutron levels in this region could open up a gamma-decay path from the high-spin isomer to the low-spin ground state of 160Re. providing a natural explanation for this anomalous absence of charged-particle emission. The consequences of these observations for future searches for proton emission from even more exotic nuclei and in-beam spectroscopic studies are considered.
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| 48. |
- Darby, I. G., et al.
(författare)
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Precision measurements of proton emission from the ground states of Ta-156 and Re-160
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 83:6, s. 064320-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The decays of the pi d(3/2) ground states of Ta-156 and Re-160 have been studied in detail using the GREAT spectrometer. More than 7000 Re-160 nuclei were produced in reactions of 290- and 300-MeV Ni-58 ions with an isotopically enriched Cd-106 target and separated in flight using the RITU separator. The proton and alpha decays of the pi d(3/2) level were confirmed and the half-life and branching ratios of this state were determined with improved precision to be t(1/2) = 611 +/- 7 mu s and b(p) = 89 +/- 1% and b(alpha) = 11 +/- 1%, respectively. The alpha-decay branch populated the ground state of Ta-156, allowing improved values for the proton-decay energy and half-life to be obtained (E-p = 1011 +/- 5 keV; t(1/2) = 106 +/- 4 ms). The beta decay of this level was identified for the first time and a branching ratio of b(beta) = 29 +/- 3% was deduced. The spectroscopic factors deduced from these measurements are compared with predictions.
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| 49. |
- Darby-Lewis, D., et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic spectra of BeH, BeD and BeT for emission modeling in JET plasmas
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics B. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 51:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theoretical model for isotopologues of beryllium monohydride, BeH, BeD and BeT, A (2)Pi to X (2)Sigma(+) visible and X (2)Sigma(+) to X (2)Sigma(+) infrared rovibronic spectra is presented. The MARVEL procedure is used to compute empirical rovibronic energy levels for BeH, BeD and BeT, using experimental transition data for the X (2)Sigma(+), A (2)Pi, and C (2)Sigma(+) states. The energy levels from these calculations are then used in the program Duo to produce a potential energy curve for the ground state, X (2)Sigma, and to fit an improved potential energy curve for the first excited state, A (2)Pi, including a spin-orbit coupling term, a A-doubling state to state (A-X states) coupling term, and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown terms for both curves. These, along with a previously computed ab initio dipole curve for the X and A states are used to generate vibrational-rotational wavefunctions, transition energies and A-values. From the transition energies and Einstein coefficients, accurate assigned synthetic spectra for BeH and its isotopologues are obtained at given rotational and vibrational temperatures. The BeH spectrum is compared with a high resolution hollow-cathode lamp spectrum and the BeD spectrum with high resolution spectra from JET giving effective vibrational and rotational temperatures. Full A-X and X-X line lists are given for BeH, BeD and BeT and provided as supplementary data on the ExoMol website.
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| 50. |
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