| 1. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Formability study of bake hardening steel and its correlation with microstructure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part B, journal of engineering manufacture. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 0954-4054 .- 2041-2975. ; 236:6-7, s. 882-893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, the bake hardening (BH 240) steel sheet’s formability behavior is studied experimentally based on the Nakajima test method. A forming limit diagram is successfully constructed using universal sheet metal forming machine by offline measuring the strains of deformed specimens. In-process strain measurement based on a digital image correlation technique is also performed for a few selected samples to compare the results with manual strain measurement techniques. All the deformed specimens are also characterized to correlate the sample geometries with hardness values and microstructure. It is observed that the hardness value gradually decreases with an increase in sample width for all the deformed specimens up to the width of 150 mm, except for full-width sample of 200 mm. Microstructural analysis reveals that the morphology of ferrite grains changes with the sample geometry in all the deformed specimens. Microstructural characterization at the top surface of the specimen demonstrates that the aspect ratio of grains is maximum for a 25 mm width sample due to uni-axial stretching. It is also noted that grain’s aspect ratio is close to one (minimum) for a 200 mm width sample due to almost equi-biaxial elongation in grains. It is also observed that the aspect ratio of grains obtained from specimen cross-section indicates that the ratio increases gradually from 25 to 200 mm width samples.
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| 2. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Physical and mechanical properties of Albizia procera glulam beam
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8440. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research was done to evaluate the feasibility of using Albizia procera for manufacturing glulam beams. The physical and mechanical properties of the A. procera glulam beam were evaluated, and these properties were compared to those of the solid A. procera solid timber. The A. procera glulam beam’s physical and mechanical properties were all superior to solid A. procera timber. In comparison to A. procera solid timber, A. procera glulam’s density, water absorption (WA), linear expansion (LE), and thickness swelling (TS) all improved by 11.1, 48.4, 44.6, and 37.0%, respectively. Again, compared to A. procera solid timber, the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the A. procera glulam beam increased by 27.6 and 29.2%, respectively. Additionally, the ASTM specifications were met by the A. procera glulam beam. As a result, based on the properties, it is possible to make A. procera glulam beams as structural timber products.
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| 3. |
- Ghosh, Devashish Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the drying characteristics of Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich ex Walp wood
- 2022
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8440. ; 8:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A. Rich ex Walp is widely used as raw materials in particleboard and match in-dustries in Bangladesh. The current study aimed to identify the drying characteristics of A. Chinensis wood for succeeding industrial usages. A compartment kiln dryer (heat and vent dryer) was used in this study. The drying characteristics and drying quality of A. Chinensis wood were measured. The boards reached 6-10% moisture content in 13 days from their green condition. The total proportions of the check, twist, and collapse in boards were 22.5, 32.5, and 7.3%, respectively. The volumetric shrinkage was 21.67%. Based on this study, further study may help to develop a complete drying schedule of A. Chinensis wood with fewer drying defects for application at industrial level.
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| 4. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose-based bionanocomposites in energy storage applications-A review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8440. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing demand for energy and environmental issues are the main concern for the sustainable development of modern society. Replacing toxic and expensive materials with inexpensive and biodegradable biomaterials is the main challenge for researchers. Nanocomposites are of the utmost consideration for their application in energy storage devices because of their specific electrochemical properties. Cellulose-based bionanocomposites have added a new dimension to this field since these are developed from available renewable biomaterials. Studies on developing electrodes, separators, collectors, and electrolytes for the batteries have been conducted based on these composites rigorously. Electrodes and separators made of these composites for the supercapacitors have also been investigated. Researchers have used a wide range of micro- and nano-structural cellulose along with nanostructured inorganic materials to produce cellulose-based bionanocomposites for energy devices, i.e., supercapacitors and batteries. The presence of cellulosic materials enhances the loading capacity of active materials and uniform porous structure in the electrode matrix. Thus, it has shown improved electrochemical properties. Therefore, these can help to develop biodegradable, lightweight, malleable, and strong energy storage devices. In this review article, the manufacturing process, properties, applications, and possible opportunities of cellulose-based bionanocomposites in energy storage devices have been emphasized. Its challenges and opportunities have also been discussed.
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| 5. |
- Hossain, Mohammad Jakir, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical composition and solubility properties of Bambusa bambos at different ages and height positions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advances in Bamboo Science. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2773-1391. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainable materials are becoming increasingly important due to environmental concerns and the energy crisis. Non-wood resources such as bamboo are being explored as alternatives to wood-based materials to reduce deforestation. However, the chemical properties of these resources determine their usability. This study analyzed the chemical composition and solubility of Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss, a type of bamboo. The effects of age and height position (top, middle, and bottom) on the chemical composition and solubility were also considered. The study followed the standards of TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) to analyze holocellulose, lignin, and extractive content, and water (hot and cold) and caustic soda (1% NaOH) solubility. The results showed that the chemical composition, i.e., holocellulose, lignin, and extractive, increased while solubility, i.e., cold water, hot water, and NaOH, decreased with the ageing of B. bambos. The average holocellulose, lignin, and extractive contents of three-year-old B. bambos were 70.49%, 27.55%, and 4.54%, respectively. These values were within the range of previous studies, indicating that B. bambos has potential applications in various purposes. © 2024 The Authors
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| 6. |
- Hossain, Mohammad Jakir, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of age and height on the chemical properties of Muli bamboo (Melocanna baccifera)
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 7:43, s. 39370-39374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melocanna baccifera is the most common bamboo species which grows naturally and gregariously covering large tracts of land in the forests of Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. However, there is limited information about the chemical characterization of its culms for its utilization and processing. This paper aimed to determine the effect of age and height position on the chemical properties of M. baccifera. The highest value of holocellulose content was 74.66% for the top portion of 3-year-old bamboo, while the bottom part of 3-year-old bamboo showed the highest value of lignin (27.83%) and extractive (5.24%) content. For caustic soda (1% NaOH) solubility, the bottom portion of 1-year-old bamboo had shown the maximum value (25.67%), and it was the lowest (19.10%) for the top portion of 3-year-old bamboo. Ageing had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on all chemical properties, while the height position had a significant effect on the holocellulose and lignin content and water solubility. The chemical properties of M. baccifera can enable its proper utilization in the downstream process.
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| 7. |
- Hossain, Mohammad Jakir, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the chemical profiles of seven wood species for their potential applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Wood Material Science and Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-0272 .- 1748-0280. ; 18:2, s. 650-655
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determination of the chemical composition of biomaterial is important for their valued utilization in biorefinery. In this study, the chemical composition of seven wood species, i.e. lambu (Khaya anthotheca), raj-koroi (Albizia richardiana), jhau (Casuarina equisetifolia), sil-koroi (Albizia procera), katbadam (Terminalia catappa), jolpai (Elaeocarpus robustus), and arjun (Terminalia arjuna) were examined. The chemical characterization of these wood species can expedite a further study on the extraction of cellulose, lignin, and extractive. alpha-cellulose content was in the range of 37.0% to 42.1% and lignin content was 20.4% to 34.1%. The solubility in 1% caustic soda was 16.1% to 24.3%. The a-cellulose and lignin content were similar to other wood species. Therefore, these species can be a potential source of raw material for biorefinery.
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| 8. |
- Hossain, Mohammad Jakir, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the potentiality of five bamboo species in biorefinery through analysis of chemical profiles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0277-3813 .- 1532-2319. ; 42:3, s. 204-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determination of the chemical composition of biomaterial is important for their valued utilization in biorefinery. In this study, the chemical composition of five bamboo species, i.e., mitinga (Bambusa tulda), borak (Bambusa balcooa), rengoon (Thyrsostachys oliveri), orah (Dendrocalamus longispathus), and bajja (Bambusa vulgaris) were determined. The chemical characterization of these bamboo species can expedite a further study on the extraction of cellulose and lignin. alpha-cellulose content was in the range of 42.7-45.7% and Klason lignin content was 22.4-28.2%. The ash content was 1.8-4.3% for the studied five bamboo species. The alpha-cellulose and lignin content were similar to other non-timber spices. The ash content was lower than other non-timber species. Therefore, these species can be a potential source of raw material for biorefinery.
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| 9. |
- Rana, Md Nasim, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of chemical additive on the physical and mechanical properties of cement-bonded composite panels made from jute stick
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Building Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-7102. ; 31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to observe the effects of chemical additives (calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2)) on the setting time of jute stick cement-bonded composites (CBCs). The setting time was judged based on the measured physical and mechanical properties of the composites as function of the press time. The mixing ratio of jute stick particles, cement and water was set at 2:1:1 for chemical additive (CaCl2/MgCl2) incorporated composites, and a controlled one without additive was manufactured based on jute particles and cement mixing ratio of 2:1. Three concentration levels of 6, 8 and 10% of CaCl2 and MgCl2 were used separately to produce the composite boards. In this study, the composite mixtures were cold-pressed at a pressure of 5 MPa and different pressing duration of 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 h. Incorporation of the additives reduced the press time, and higher percentage of additives increased the physical and mechanical properties of the composite panels produced. Composite panels made with MgCl2 exhibited better performance compared with those made with CaCl2. The highest modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the manufactured samples were 10.5 and 4595 MPa, respectively for the maximum percentage of MgCl2 addition with 6 h press time. It appears that these additives especially MgCl2 decreased the setting time of the CBCs, which can be considered as an alternative approach for the industry to produce CBCs in shorter time.
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| 10. |
- Rana, Md Nasim, et al.
(författare)
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Properties of low-density cement-bonded composite panels manufactured from polystyrene and jute stick particles
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Wood Science. - : Springer Nature. - 1435-0211 .- 1611-4663. ; 65:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was conducted to evaluate the properties of cement-bonded composite (CBC) manufactured using jute stick particles and expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads to reduce the density of CBC for mitigating the main limitation of CBC in its applications. The CBCs were manufactured by using cement, jute stick particle, EPS and jute fiber by cold pressing having the pressure of 5 MPa and pressing time of 24 h. CBCs were also manufactured by replacing the jute stick particles with EPS beads, the processing conditions remaining the same. There were at least 5 replications for each type of board. Waste jute fibers were added for improving the degenerated mechanical properties of CBC caused by the addition of EPS beads. Important physical properties, i.e., density, water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) and mechanical properties, i.e., modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the manufactured CBCs were tested following the Malaysian Standards. Higher percentage of EPS beads significantly reduced the density of CBCs and the lowest density (0.91 +/- 0.02 g/cm(3)) was found when the EPS beads replaced 30% jute stick particles. As expected, mechanical properties decreased with the gradual replacement of jute stick particles by EPS beads. However, the degraded mechanical properties significantly increased when waste jute fibers were added in the CBCs. Addition of EPS beads in CBCs reduced the density, which might increase the potentiality for the utilization of cement-bonded composites for various applications.
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| 11. |
- Tienaho, Jenni, et al.
(författare)
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Valorizing Assorted Logging Residues : Response Surface Methodology in the Extraction Optimization of a Green Norway Spruce Needle-Rich Fraction To Obtain Valuable Bioactive Compounds
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACS sustainable resource management. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2837-1445. ; 1:2, s. 237-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During stemwood harvesting, substantial volumes of logging residues are produced as a side stream. Nevertheless, industrially feasible processing methods supporting their use for other than energy generation purposes are scarce. Thus, the present study focuses on biorefinery processing, employing response surface methodology to optimize the pressurized extraction of industrially assorted needle-rich spruce logging residues with four solvents. Eighteen experimental points, including eight center point replicates, were used to optimize the extraction temperature (40–135 °C) and time (10–70 min). The extraction optimization for water, water with Na2CO3 + NaHSO3 addition, and aqueous ethanol was performed using yield, total dissolved solids (TDS), antioxidant activity (FRAP, ORAC), antibacterial properties (E. coli, S. aureus), total phenolic content (TPC), condensed tannin content, and degree of polymerization. For limonene, evaluated responses were yield, TDS, antioxidant activity (CUPRAC, DPPH), and TPC. Desirability surfaces were created using the responses showing a coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.7, statistical significance (p ≀ 0.05), precision > 4, and statistically insignificant lack-of-fit (p > 0.1). The optimal extraction conditions were 125 °C and 68 min for aqueous ethanol, 120 °C and 10 min for water, 111 °C and 49 min for water with Na2CO3 + NaHSO3 addition, and 134 °C and 41 min for limonene. The outcomes contribute insights to industrial logging residue utilization for value-added purposes.
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| 12. |
- Yang, Xianpeng, et al.
(författare)
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Surface and Interface Engineering for Nanocellulosic Advanced Materials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 33:28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do trees support their upright massive bodies? The support comes from the incredibly strong and stiff, and highly crystalline nanoscale fibrils of extended cellulose chains, called cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose nanofibers and their crystalline parts-cellulose nanocrystals, collectively nanocelluloses, are therefore the recent hot materials to incorporate in man-made sustainable, environmentally sound, and mechanically strong materials. Nanocelluloses are generally obtained through a top-down process, during or after which the original surface chemistry and interface interactions can be dramatically changed. Therefore, surface and interface engineering are extremely important when nanocellulosic materials with a bottom-up process are fabricated. Herein, the main focus is on promising chemical modification and nonmodification approaches, aiming to prospect this hot topic from novel aspects, including nanocellulose-, chemistry-, and process-oriented surface and interface engineering for advanced nanocellulosic materials. The reinforcement of nanocelluloses in some functional materials, such as structural materials, films, filaments, aerogels, and foams, is discussed, relating to tailored surface and/or interface engineering. Although some of the nanocellulosic products have already reached the industrial arena, it is hoped that more and more nanocellulose-based products will become available in everyday life in the next few years.
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| 13. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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A review on wood powders in 3D printing : processes, properties and potential applications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2238-7854 .- 2214-0697. ; 15, s. 241-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a technology that, for a multitude of raw materials, can be used in the production of complex structures. Many of the materials that currently dominate 3D printing (e.g. titanium, steel, plastics, and concrete) have issues with high costs and environmental sustainability. Wood powder is a widely available and renewable lignocellulosic material that, when used as a fibre component, can reduce the cost of 3D printed products. Wood powder in combination with synthetic or natural binders has potential for producing a wide variety of products and for prototyping. The use of natural binders along with wood powder can then enable more sustainable 3D printed products. However, 3D printing is an emerging technology in many applications and more research is needed. This review aims to provide insight into wood powder as a component in 3D printing, properties of resulting products, and the potential for future applications.
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| 14. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of organic-based nanocomposites in corrosion protection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nanocomposites-Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Aspects. - : Elsevier. - 9780323997041 ; , s. 579-590
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Corrosion protection is one of the utmost aims for the reduction of maintenance costs with higher production for the industry. The conventional toxic chromate-based coating is an environmental concern, which has led researchers to develop an organic-based coating with higher anticorrosive performance. The incorporation of nanocomposite increases the adhesion capability of the coating to the metal surface leading to protecting the metal from corrosion. Nanocomposites have novel mechanical and electrochemical properties. The type of nanocomposites depends on the type of nanostructured filler. The performance of nanocomposite coating depends on the types of nanoparticles and additives, the concentration of the dispersed particles, and the mixing processes. In this chapter, nanocellulose-based nanocomposites, their synthesis, and performance against corrosion protection have been discussed. The potential of these nanocomposites as corrosion inhibitors has been pointed out as well.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 and municipal solid waste (MSW) management : a review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 28:23, s. 28993-29008
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Municipal solid waste (MSW) represents an inevitable by-product of human activity and a major crisis for communities across the globe. In recent times, the recycling of MSW has drawn attention as the process can add value through resources from the recovered waste materials and facilitates the process of circular economy. However, during the unprecedented coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, the risk of infection with the highly contagious virus has proven detrimental to the continuation of MSW as a valuable resource. The volume of waste, especially household waste, is higher; face masks, PPE (personal protective equipment), and hazardous materials such as batteries and empty chlorine bottles are examples of extra waste that have arisen during the pandemic. Various countries have set up initiatives for MSW management, including safety measurements for employees in the MSW management sector. The use of disinfectant prior to sorting waste, as well as storing waste for 9 days, may help to inactivate the COVID-19 virus, ensuring an appropriate safety level for MSW management. This work aimed at studying different MSW management strategies, specific challenges, and possible solutions for better understanding for those involved in waste management, in addition to providing a possible management strategy during and post-COVID-19 pandemic.
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| 17. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare solid waste management strategy – A mini-review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 778
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthcare waste comprises the waste generated by healthcare facilities, medical laboratories and biomedical research facilities. Improper treatment of this waste poses serious risks of disease transmission to waste pickers, waste workers, health workers, patients, and the community in general through exposure to infectious agents. Poor management of the waste emits harmful and deleterious contaminants into society. However, contamination of highly contagious agents such as the COVID-19 virus has created enormous instability in healthcare waste handling and subsequent recycling because of the volume of the waste generated and its contagious nature. Several countries have adopted safety measures to combat this contamination and manage healthcare waste; however, these measures are insufficient and vary depending on the context of the country. In addition, the WHO has set out guidelines for management of healthcare waste. These guidelines are helping to manage the highly contagious healthcare waste resulting from the current pandemic. Proper healthcare waste management may add value by reducing the spread of the COVID-19 virus and increasing the recyclability of materials instead of sending them to landfill. Disinfecting and sorting out healthcare waste facilitates sustainable management and allows their utilization for valuable purposes. This review discusses the different healthcare solid waste management strategies practiced in different countries, the challenges faced during this management, and the possible solutions for overcoming these challenges. It also provides useful insights into healthcare solid waste management scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic and a possible way forward.
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| 18. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar
(författare)
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Current Progress on Biomass Pretreatment: The Key for Its Valorization
- 2024
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Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Sustainable Biorefinery. - 9789819977680 ; , s. 1-17
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has become a global concern for reducing the utilization of fossil sources for energy and chemical purposes. Not only environmental issues such as greenhouses gases increment but also depleting fossil reserves, which became the reason to quest for new and renewable raw materials. Lignocellulosic biomass that is abundantly available is being studied as a potential material to provide both fuels and biochemicals. However, to fractionate and disintegrate its main components: cellulose; hemicellulose and lignin is a very challenging step. Different pretreatment approaches that considering energy consumption, cost effectiveness, percentage of lignin removal, further utilization of the cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and environmentally friendly process have been applied. The review covers the recent pretreatment technology that applied physicochemical approach; chemicals pretreatment and application of Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES); biological pretreatment; and high energy of radiation. This study explained a deeper understanding of the pretreatment technologies for developing biorefinery concepts to support the sustainable development of utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.
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| 19. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Developments of nanocomposites in supercapacitor applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nanocomposites-Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Aspects. - : Elsevier. - 9780323997041
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energy demand is increasing due to the development of modern society. The use of electronic devices including portable ones is increasing gradually. Thus it is influencing the development of supercapacitors for energy storage due to their 10–100 times higher energy storage capacity. At the same time, the implication of biobased material is being considered as environmentally friendly. Cellulose is the most abundant natural renewable biomaterial. Nanocellulose obtained from cellulose possesses special mechanical and electrochemical properties that are being applied for the fabrication of supercapacitors, such as their low-cost and high conductivity and their inexpensive and environment-friendly natures. The development strategy and performance are discussed for better understanding. The work undertaken on improving the fabrication of supercapacitors from cellulose-based nanocomposites will also be summarized.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Green Milling of Biomass and Implications for Conversion Processes
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 PEERS Conference (21PEE04).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of biomass powders depends on the size reduction technology used to produce them. Attritional mills (e.g. hammer mills) require biomass that is chipped and pre-dried. These processes degrade the green chemical profile of biomass and complicate handling and storage. A multi-blade shaft mill (MBSM) produces fine powders in a single step from green biomass. This enhances utilisation in downstream biorefining processes. Investigations have evaluated the powder quality and the energy requirements of MBSM milling using pinewood at a range of moisture contents. The shape and size properties of powders were analysed using two-dimensional image analysis and surface features investigated by scanning electron microscopy. A higher fraction (55 to 80 %) of finer powders (< 0.5 mm) was observed through multi-blade milling in comparison to hammer milling (41 %). There were also significant differences in particle (MBSM powders produced from green logs) aspect ratios (0.54 to 0.58 vs. 0.36 to 0.43) and specific surface (33 to 56 mm-1 vs. 29 to 38 mm-1). The MBSM specific milling energy ranged from 99 to 232 kWh t−1 (dry mass (DM)). These results are promising for the conversion of biomass powders into value added products (e.g. bio-based chemicals and nanocellulose) and indicate that MBSM technology may have a niche application in biorefining.
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| 22. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the influence of work piece geometry on the specific energy use in size reduction with a multi-blade shaft mill
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biosystems Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1537-5110 .- 1537-5129. ; 209, s. 210-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the specific milling energy of rectangular pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) boards using a new size reduction technology, which can produce fine wood powders in a single-step operation. Multilinear regression (MLR) analysis was used to model the milling energy of a multi-blade shaft mill through a designed series of experiments having three input parameters: the moisture content of the board, milling blade speed and board feeding speed. The observed specific milling energy ranged from 60 to 172 kWh t−1 [DM] and the MLR model showed it was proportional to the blade speed and the moisture content. The results suggest that multi-blade shaft milling is a two-dimension extension of singular circular blade milling with regard to work piece shape and sawblade teeth engagement effects. The findings were compared with the specific milling energy of pine logs obtained in a previous study.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Lignin - A green material for antibacterial application : A review
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 261:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin’s antibacterial properties have become increasingly relevant due to the rise of microbial infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Lignin is capable of interacting electrostatically with bacteria and contains polyphenols that cause damage to their cell walls. These features make lignin a desirable material to exhibit antibacterial behavior. Therefore, lignin in antibacterial applications offers a novel approach to address the growing need for sustainable and effective antibacterial materials. Recent research has explored the incorporation of lignin in various biomedical applications, such as wound dressings, implants, and drug delivery systems, highlighting their potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic antibacterial agents. Furthermore, the development of lignin -based nanomaterials with enhanced antimicrobial activity is an active area of research that holds great promise for the future. In this review, we have provided a summary of how lignin can be incorporated into different forms, such as composite and non -composite synthesis of antibacterial agents and their performances. The challenges and future considerations are also discussed in this review article.
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| 25. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-blade milling from log to powder in one step : Experimental design and results
- 2021
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Ingår i: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 378:A, s. 593-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated a new technique for obtaining wood powders from whole logs (Pinus sylvestris L.) in a single-step operation. The performance of a prototype multi-blade shaft mill (MBSM) was evaluated using a designed series of experiments including three input parameters, i.e., the moisture content of the log, milling blade speed and log feeding speed, combined with multilinear regression (MLR) analysis. The milling performance was characterised by specific milling energy, particle size distribution and bulk density of powder. For MBSM powders (80 to 95% particles<1.0 mm), the specific milling energy ranged from 99 to 232 kWh t(-1) DM. The mass per cent of particles <0.5 mm in MBSM powders ranged from 55 to 80% compared to 41% from hammer-milled powders. Powder bulk density varied from 138 to 264 kg m(-3) DM and the moisture content of the milled log was the only significant (p < 0.05) factor affecting the bulk density of resulting powders (dried). MLR models show that the milling energy is inversely proportional to the moisture content, which indicates that moisture influences MBSM milling in a similar way as in the sawing of wood and opposite to that of impact-based mills (i.e. hammer mills).
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| 26. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Nanocellulose : its applications, consequences and challenges in papermaking
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Packaging Technology and Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2520-1042 .- 2520-1034. ; 4:3, s. 253-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper has aimed to bring out the state-of-the-art information about nanocellulose, its application in papermaking process, effect on paper properties and challenges. In papermaking process, nanocellulose is used as bionanofiller and bionanocoating material. The main objective of considering nanocellulose as a bionanofiller is to retain the strength properties after using inorganic filler, such as, GCC (ground calcium carbonate) and PCC (precipitate calcium carbonate); nanocellulose also helps to increase the filler content in paper sheet without loss of paper strength. That’s why, the application of nanocellulose as filler and coating material can solve the issues of using inorganic filler in papermaking industry. Though the production of nanocellulose needs higher energy, which increases the production cost in papermaking process, it can be minimized using different advanced technologies, such as, chemical and enzymatic pretreatment. Additionally, the incorporation of nanocellulose in recycled and virgin fiber increases some physical and strength properties of the paper. Furthermore, the increment of filler content in paper sheet due to incorporating nanocellulose can also reduce the amount of fiber in papermaking process, and it reduces the cost of fiber, which can mitigate the drawback of paper production cost because of adding nanocellulose partially. Therefore, nanocellulose has the potential to use for making value added paper and paper products to compensate the production cost.
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| 27. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Nanocomposites in energy storage applications
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nanocomposites-Advanced Materials for Energy and Environmental Aspects. - : Elsevier BV. - 9780323997041 ; , s. 175-187
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of energy storage devices for the growing energy demand is a prerequisite for modern society. Specific characteristics, i.e., thermal, electrochemical, and mechanical properties, of nanocomposites are essential for their application in energy storage appliances. Biobased nanocomposites are being considered environmentally friendly. Nanocellulose, lignin, and chitosan are obtained from an abundant source of natural renewable materials. Using them in developing batteries and supercapacitors has great potential for a sustainable supply of energy. Nanocellulose and the lignin-based electrode have shown excellent electrochemical properties for application in a battery. Nanocellulose, lignin, and chitosan-based electrode have also exhibited excellent electrochemical properties for their utilization in supercapacitors. In addition, their low-cost, high conductivity, and environment-friendly nature are being considered for the preparation of energy storage devices. In this chapter, the development strategy and performance of batteries and supercapacitors obtained from biobased nanocomposites have been discussed.
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| 28. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Natural Fiber-based Nanocomposites as Corrosion Inhibitors
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Anticorrosive Nanomaterials. - Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). ; :56, s. 191-206
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Corrosion constitutes one of the troublesome issues in different industries, i.e., automotive, marine, construction, oil and gas. Protection from corrosion aims at reducing maintenance costs with higher production for the industry. Due to high toxicity, chromate-based coatings remain an environmental concern. This has necessitated the development of an organic-based coating with higher anti-corrosive performance. The adhesion capability of coating on metal surfaces can be improved through the incorporation of nanocomposites, which in turn can protect the metal from corrosion. Owing to their novel mechanical and electrochemical properties, types of nanocomposites dictate the types of nanostructured filler. The inclusion of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) in epoxy-Zn rich coating shows better anti-corrosive performance for mild steel. In addition, silver nanoparticles and chitosan-based nanocomposite coating can protect mild steel from corrosion. However, the performance of the nanocomposite coating depends on the types of nanoparticles and additives, the concentration of the dispersed particles and mixing processes. In this chapter, the use of natural fiber-based nanocomposites in corrosion protection, and their synthesis and performance have been discussed. Alongside this, the potential of natural fiber-based nanocomposites for corrosion protection has been pointed out.
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| 29. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Performance of natural fiber based nanocomposites under environmental aging conditions
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Aging effects on natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. - Singapore : Springer Nature. ; , s. 279-296, s. 279-296
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nanocomposites are suitable for advanced engineering applications, i.e., automotive, aeronautics, biomedical applications, catalysts, gas-separation membranes, contact lenses, bioactive implant materials, bone applications, and food packaging due to their higher mechanical and thermal resistance properties. Environmental friendly natural fibre-based bionanocomposites are important because of their renewable, biodegradable and compostable nature. Natural fibers both in nano, i.e., cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), microfibrallated cellulose (MFC), microcrystalline (MCC), and macro-sized, i.e., carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are used to produce bionanocomposites together with bio or synthetic polymers, i.e., starch, polyurethane (PU), polylactic acid (PLA), using different methods. These composites have already proved to be invaluable gifts to the present and future generations in many different aspects, and thus, thanks go to the modern science and technology. However, in the same way as other composites the physical and mechanical properties are affected severely by different aging conditions like pressure, temperature, humidity and the curing condition. The absorption of water and plasticization of the composites deteriorates the service life, increases the chain mobility and decreases the glass transition temperature. It also reduces the mechanical properties of the composites. Thus, researchers are working on the effect of different aggressive environments on the durability of composites and to understand the changes in the physical and mechanical properties over the period of aging. This chapter deals with the different environmental aging conditions and their impact on the properties of the composites.
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| 30. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar
(författare)
-
Production and characterisation of pine wood powders from a multi-blade shaft mill
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wood is an important raw material for the manufacture of consumer products and in achieving societal goals for greater sustainability. Wood powders are feedstock for many biorefining and conversion techniques, including chemical, enzymatic and thermochemical processes and for composite manufacture, 3D printing and wood pellet production. Size reduction, therefore, is a key operation in wood utilisation and powder characteristics, such as shape, particle size distribution and micromorphology play a role in powder quality and end-use application. While in a green state, the native chemical composition and structure of wood are preserved. Powders are commonly produced from wood chips using impact mills, which require pre-sized, pre-screened and pre-dried chips. These steps necessitate repeated handling, intermediate storage and contribute to dry matter losses, operation-based emissions and the degradation of the wood chemistry.This thesis investigated a new size reduction technology, known as the multi-blade shaft mill (MBSM). The MBSM performance was studied through the milling of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood using a designed series of experiments and through modelling with multi-linear regression (MLR) analyses. Light microscopy combined with histochemical techniques were used to investigate particle micromorphology and distribution of native extractives in powders. The aim was to evaluate the technical performance of the MBSM with relation to operational parameters, to characterise the produced powders and to evaluate the technology through comparison with impact milling.The results showed that the MBSM could effectively mill both green and dry wood. Produced powders showed distinct differences compared to those obtained using a hammer mill (HM). The specific milling energy of the MBSM was lowest for green wood and within the range of other established size reduction technologies. However, much narrower particle size distributions were observed in MBSM powders and they had significantly greater amounts of finer particles. Particles with high aspect ratio and sphericity were a characteristic of MBSM powders and this Production and characterisation of pine wood powders from a multi-blade shaft mill was true for wood milled above and below its fibre saturation point. MBSM powders from green wood showed evidence of higher specific surface area, larger pore volume and greater micropore diameter than those from HM powder. Preliminary microscopic examination suggested that cell walls in MBSM powders showed evidence of retaining their original native wood structure. Consequently, their extractive content appeared intact. This was in contrast to HM powder and it may reflect the differences between the two size reduction mechanisms. According to the produced MLR models, the results suggest that MBSM milling is more akin to a sawing process and opposite to that of impact-based mills.
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| 31. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Raw natural rubber latex-based bio-adhesive for the production of particleboard: formulation and optimization of process parameters
- 2021
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - 2046-2069. ; 11, s. 28542 –28549-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, bio-adhesives from natural rubber latex (NRL) were combined with starch and formic acid to fabricate jute stick-based particleboards (JSPs). Different blends of NRL, starch, and formic acid, i.e., 6 : 1 : 1, 2 : 1 : 1, and 2 : 3 : 3, were used to produce particleboards using a pressing temperature of 180 °C and applied pressure of 5 MPa using a 5 min pressing time. The particleboards were tested for physical, mechanical, and thermal properties according to ANSI standards. Based on initial screening, the best formula (NRL/starch/formic acid of 2 : 3 : 3) was used to optimize the temperature and pressing time for the highest board performance. The highest density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture were 830 g cm−3, 10.51, 2380, and 20.05 N mm−2, respectively. Thermo-gravimetric analysis indicated that thermal decomposition of samples primarily occurred in a temperature range of 265 to 399 °C, indicating good thermal performance. The measured physical and mechanical properties of the produced JSPs fulfilled the production standards. However, fulfilling the water absorption and thickness swelling criteria was a challenge. The results indicate that NRL is a promising alternative binder when blended with starch and formic acid.
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| 32. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Review on tannins : Extraction processes, applications and possibilities
- 2020
-
Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 135, s. 58-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tannins are found in most of the species throughout the plant kingdom, where their functions are to protect the plant against predation and might help in regulating the plant growth. There are two major groups of tannins, i.e., hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. The tannins are being used as important and effective chemicals for the tanning of animal hides in the leather processing industry since the beginning of the industry. Additionally, the tannins have been using as mineral absorption and protein precipitation purposes since 1960s. These are also used for iron gall ink production, adhesive production in wood-based industry, anti-corrosive chemical production, uranium recovering chemical from seawater, and removal of mercury and methylmercury from solution. Presently, tannins are considering as bioactive compound in nutrition science. It has also been considered for advanced applications, i.e., 3D printing and biomedical devices. The application of tannins as medicine is another new dimension in medical science. This paper outlines the general information about tannins followed by their extraction process. The utilization of tannins has also been presented in a broader scale. Depending on all these information, the article also describes the impending utilization of tannins for ensuring high-sustainability and better environmental performance.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Wood powder characteristics of green milling with the multi-blade shaft mill
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 407
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality of wood powders depends on the size reduction technology used to produce them. The pre-drying, chipping, and conventional (impact and attritional) size reduction steps, commonly employed in industry, act to degrade wood and diminish its full potential as a renewable feedstock. In this study, the effect of using a new green (i.e. freshly harvested) milling technology, the multi-blade shaft mill (MBSM), on wood powder properties was investigated. Particle size distribution (PSD) and shape properties were measured by two-dimensional image analysis and surface area analysis was performed. The results showed that the MBSM can produce much finer powders compared to hammer milling, with particles demonstrating unique morphology and high specific surface area. Green wood milling yielded particles with the highest sphericity (0.64), aspect ratio (0.58), and micropore diameter (4.5 nm). Finer particles with spherical shapes enhanced the bulk density. Moreover, mill settings permit tailor-made powders according to the desired PSD.
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| 35. |
- Islam, Md Nazrul, et al.
(författare)
-
An overview of different types and potential of bio-based adhesives used for wood products
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-7496. ; 112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bio-based adhesives have shown promise in the engineered wood products industry, and there is a substantial growth of research on bio-based bonding agents. Wood is a renewable resource, and most of the engineered wood products are synthetic adhesive-bonded composites and laminates. Environmental concerns exist for the use of adhesives made from fossil fuels lowering the bio-content of the bonded wood products. Bio-based adhesives are getting more attention since they are environmentally friendly green products without any adverse effects on the environment. However, there is a remaining challenge for the industry to make them more effective than synthetic ones in terms of their mechanical properties and long-term durability. These adhesives, with different components such as cellulose, proteins, lignins, and tannins are adhesives which exhibit great potential for the bonding of specially engineered wood products. The modification of bio-based adhesives with different dispersing agents and cross-linkers can improve their strength and water resistance properties to compete with synthetic adhesives. The blending of proteins and carbohydrates can yield good bio-adhesives with acceptable adhesive properties. All these improvements of bio-based adhesives help us move towards ‘sustainable’ products where clean synthesis, biomass and water-based processing are highly desirable. Based on studies conducted in recent decades, the objective of this article is to review the production processes of adhesives from different bio-resources, their necessary modification for improving properties and their utilization in the wood-based industries. Finding the research gaps would also help to hasten the research activities for applying these bio-based adhesives at the industrial scale.
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| 36. |
- Islam, Md. Nazrul, et al.
(författare)
-
Bio-based composites from bagasse using carbohydrate enriched cross-bonding mechanism : A formaldehyde-free approach
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-8939. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, cross-bonded self-binding and bone glue-bonded particleboards were manufactured from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) bagasse with different pre-treatments of particles. Six types of panels were manufactured from bagasse particles with and without bone glue. The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the panels were examined according to the standards. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) were performed to investigate the changes in the chemical bonds and thermal stability of the fabricated composites, respectively. It was found that cross-bonded bagasse self-binding (TC) and bone glue-bonded (T3) panels fabricated from non-boiled bagasse particles showed higher physical and mechanical properties compared to the other types of panels. Non-boiled bagasse particles with bone glue panels showed the highest mechanical properties, i.e., modulus of rupture (MOR = 26.22 MPa), modulus of elasticity (MOE = 4302 MPa), tensile strength = 8.35 MPa, and hardness = 1.72 MPa. TC and T3 panels also showed higher thermal stability compared to the other types of panels. A new peak at 3331-3334 cm-1 for the N-H stretching vibration in the FTIR analysis represents the presence of bone glue in the cross-bonded particleboards. Thus, this research advances the production of formaldehyde-free bagasse particleboard, introducing the cross-bonding technique and sustainable bone glue.
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| 37. |
- Islam, Md Nazrul, et al.
(författare)
-
Formulation and Characterization of Formaldehyde-Free Chemically Modified Bone-Based Adhesive for Lignocellulosic Composite Products
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Global Challenges. - : Wiley. - 2056-6646. ; 5:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the efficacy of chemically modified bone adhesive as a formaldehyde-free binder for wood-based industries. Two different types of adhesive are formulated after chemical modification of bone powder using sulfuric acid (0.5 m) and polyvinyl acetate (PVA). Gel time, solid content, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), viscosity, and single lap joint test for shear strength are analyzed in order to assess the adhesive properties. To analyze the efficacy of the formulated adhesive, particleboards are fabricated using boiled and unboiled sugarcane bagasse. The physical and mechanical properties of the fabricated panels are measured following ASTM standards. It is found that adhesive Type C (T-C) has the shortest gel time of 4.2 min for the highest shear strength, i.e., 5.31 MPa. The particleboard (BTC-2) fabricated using T-C adhesive shows a highest density of 0.73 g cm−3, a modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 1975 N mm−2, and a modulus of rupture (MOR) of 11.80 N mm−2. The dimensional stability of the fabricated particleboards does not follow the standard requirements; however, further study might be helpful for using the chemically modified bone adhesive as a biobased adhesive.
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| 38. |
- Islam, Md. Nazrul, et al.
(författare)
-
Multifaceted Laser Applications for Wood : A Review from Properties Analysis to Advanced Products Manufacturing
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Lasers in Manufacturing and Materials Processing. - : Springer Nature. - 2196-7229 .- 2196-7237. ; 10:2, s. 225-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood is one of the most valuable and abundant renewable materials. Development of wood-based advanced products comprises an important and exciting area of research. In recent times, replacement of traditional technology for the improvement of wood preservation and drying has drawn substantial scientific interest. These technologies are important for improving the functional properties of wood. More accurate and rapid determination of wood properties adds value to the appropriate utilization of wood and its aesthetic value, which plays a significant role in the market. In this regard, lasers are a promising technology in wood science for architectural essence and furniture making to toys and fine crafts. Utilizing this technology ranges from simple incision to development of advanced wood-based products and ensured environmental sustainability. Better elucidation of the working principle and optimisation of lasers in wood science promotes opportunities for the development of industrial wood-based products. This review, critically presents various laser applications that improve wood functionality and have the potential to enhance sustainability of wood-based products and industries.
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| 39. |
- Islam, Md Nazrul, et al.
(författare)
-
Preparation and Evaluation of Rice Bran-Modified Urea Formaldehyde as Environmental Friendly Wood Adhesive
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Global Challenges. - : Wiley. - 2056-6646. ; 5:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, defatted rice bran (RB) is used to prepare an environmentally friendly adhesive through chemical modifications. The RB is mixed with distilled water with ratios of 1:5 and 1:4 to prepare Type A and Type B adhesives, respectively having pH of 6, 8 and 10. Type A adhesive is prepared by treating RB with 1% potassium permanganate and 4% poly(vinyl alcohol), whereas Type B is formulated by adding 17.3% formaldehyde and 5.7% urea to RB. Viscosity, gel time, solid content, shear strength, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is carried out, and glass transition temperature (T-g), and activation energy (E-a) are determined to evaluate the performance of the adhesives. E-a data reveal that adhesives prepared at mild alkaline (pH 8) form long-chain polymers. Gel time is higher in the fabricated adhesives than that of the commercial urea formaldehyde (UF). FTIR data suggest that functional groups of the raw RB are chemically modified, which enhances the bondability of the adhesives. Shear strength data indicates that bonding strength increases with increasing pH. Similar results are also observed for physical and mechanical properties of fabricated particleboards with the adhesives. The results demonstrate that RB-based adhesives can be used as a potential alternative to currently used UF-based resin.
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| 40. |
- Islam, Md Nazrul, et al.
(författare)
-
Raw natural rubber latex-based bio-adhesive for the production of particleboard : formulation and optimization of process parameters
- 2021
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 11:46, s. 28542-28549
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, bio-adhesives from natural rubber latex (NRL) were combined with starch and formic acid to fabricate jute stick-based particleboards (JSPs). Different blends of NRL, starch, and formic acid, i.e., 6 : 1 : 1, 2 : 1 : 1, and 2 : 3 : 3, were used to produce particleboards using a pressing temperature of 180 °C and applied pressure of 5 MPa using a 5 min pressing time. The particleboards were tested for physical, mechanical, and thermal properties according to ANSI standards. Based on initial screening, the best formula (NRL/starch/formic acid of 2 : 3 : 3) was used to optimize the temperature and pressing time for the highest board performance. The highest density, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture were 830 g cm−3, 10.51, 2380, and 20.05 N mm−2, respectively. Thermo-gravimetric analysis indicated that thermal decomposition of samples primarily occurred in a temperature range of 265 to 399 °C, indicating good thermal performance. The measured physical and mechanical properties of the produced JSPs fulfilled the production standards. However, fulfilling the water absorption and thickness swelling criteria was a challenge. The results indicate that NRL is a promising alternative binder when blended with starch and formic acid.
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| 41. |
- Islam, Md Nazrul, et al.
(författare)
-
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.) as an alternative raw material for the production of bio-compost and handmade paper
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 294
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water hyacinth (WH) is considered as the worst aquatic weed in the world because of its rapid growth and fast spread into new areas of fresh water bodies. We investigated the potentiality of using WH as a raw material for production of handmade paper and compost in Bangladesh. Potash pulping was done using potassium hydroxide (KOH) at different alkali concentrations (8–12%) with a liquor to solid ratio of 7:1 at 145 °C for 2 h. The pulp was bleached using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and pulp properties (brightness, tear index and tensile index) of bleached and unbleached pulps were analyzed following the respective TAPPI standards. The produced black liquor was mixed with WH along with kitchen bio-wastes to produce compost. The properties of the compost were tested following the published protocols, i.e., wet digestion, Kjeldahl, vanadomolybdophosphoric acid, and Flame Spectrophotometry methods. Brightness, tensile index and tear index of bleached hand sheets were found to be 37.2%, 49.2 N m/g and 6.79 m.Nm2/g, respectively suggesting significant contribution of bleaching on WH paper quality. Addition of black liquor significantly increased the nitrogen and potassium content of bio-waste compost. Thus, WH can be used as a raw material for making handmade paper while the process by-product can be supplemented to improve the nutritional quality of compost. Such cottage-industry fabrication of WH green products could be developed to control the infestation of WH in water bodies, and this technology may provide for new possible sustainable livelihood option.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Maryana, Roni, et al.
(författare)
-
Extraction of Cellulose Acetate from Cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) Twigs and Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Bagasse by Environmentally Friendly Approach
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Waste and Biomass Valorization. - : Springer Nature. - 1877-2641 .- 1877-265X. ; 13:3, s. 1535-1545
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was carried out to investigate the extraction of cellulose acetate (CA) from cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) twigs and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse using an environmentally friendly method. At first, cellulose was extracted from cajuput twigs (CT) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) through prehydrolysis followed by soda (NaOH) pulping and elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching. Later, the extracted cellulose was acetylated using iodine (I) as a catalyst. The obtained CA was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction. FTIR and NMR analysis proved the replacement of free OH (hydroxyl) groups by acetyl groups. The degree of substitution (DS) showed the acetylation capability of cellulose extracted from CT and SB as well. The diameter of CA and its crystallinity index (CrI) were measured by SEM and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The cellulose content was 85.4 and 89.5% for CT and SB, respectively after the pulping and bleaching. The diameter of CA extracted from CT was approximately 10 mu m and it was approximately 20 to 30 mu m for SB. The CrI of the CA extracted from SB and CT was 75.6 and 60.2, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal gravimetric analysis showed that CA extracted from CT and SB was thermal resistant. Therefore, CT and SB will be potential alternative resources for CA production using the mentioned method.
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| 44. |
- Maryana, Roni, et al.
(författare)
-
Reducing sugars and bioethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunch by applying a batch and continuous pretreatment process with low temperature and pressure
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer Nature. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823. ; 14:10, s. 11155-11164
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exploring sustainable energy and chemical sources based on biomass has increased global interest. This study was focused on produce second-generation bioethanol using a new pretreatment process. The effectiveness of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment on oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) for lignin removal, reducing sugar, and bioethanol production at low temperature and pressure was investigated using batch and continuous processes. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the NaOH concentration and solid to liquor ratio (SL) at a maximum temperature of 100 degrees C and atmospheric pressure. The mathematical formula derived from RSM was based on 11 runs of the batch treatment. In the batch treatment process, 2 M NaOH, the temperature of 80 degrees C, and SL ratio of 8 have resulted in lignin removal of 38.7%, reducing sugars of 8.3%, and bioethanol concentration of 4.1%. The validation of formula has been calculated from calculation and experiment values. Moreover, at the same retention time, continuous pretreatment showed a reducing sugar content of 5.9% and a bioethanol concentration by 2.5%. The results show that the continuous process can be employed in effective bioethanol production from OPEFB.
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| 45. |
- Muryanto, Muryanto, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterization of solid waste biomass of agar processing plants and scale-up production of bioethanol
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. - : Springer Nature. - 2190-6815 .- 2190-6823.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seaweed industries are producing solid waste composting of about 60-70% w/w fiber, which is rich in cellulose. Conversion of cellulose-rich waste into sugar and ethanol can provide a zero-waste industry. The objectives of this study were to characterize the solid waste biomass (SWBS) of agar processing industries and convert it into sugar and ethanol. The chemical composition and morphology of SWBS samples from three agar extraction plants (SWBS EP1, SWBS EP2, and SWBS EP3) were examined. Results showed that the SWBS had 3.01-16.4% cellulose, hemicellulose of 3.41-11.53%, lignin of 5.49-6.45%, agar of 7.28-17.03%, and ash content of 59.18-78.75%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis supported the Fourier transform infrared ( FTIR) result while revealing that the filter aid of the SWBS EP3 sample was not the same with the two others. SWBS EP3 sample contained more biomass and less filter aid, and it was selected to convert into sugar and ethanol in a 250-L tank. The concentration biosugar reached 21.45 g/L with the addition of the cellulase after the agarase (A24S24), and 15 g/L when the cellulase was mixed together with the agarase (AS24). The highest ethanol production was obtained when agarase and cellulase were added simultaneously for 24-h saccharification followed by yeast fermentation.
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| 46. |
- Promie, Ahsan Rajib, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose-Based Bioadhesive for Wood-Based Composite Applications
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Cellulose. - : CRC Press. - 9781003358084 ; , s. 163-174, s. 163-174
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The fabrication and use of biocomposites are impressive innovations that can replace existing nonbiodegradable petroleum-based substances. Cellulose is an organic polymer with a wide range of compounds and applications. Nowadays, sustainable organic resource-based cellulosic biopolymers are significant components in the production of green adhesives. Additionally, biocomposites made from cellulose-based adhesives have outstanding biocompatibility, light weight, biodegradability, significant chemically modifying capacity, and eco-friendliness. Successful applications of cellulose-based adhesives include the field of medicine delivery, tissue engineering, and wound dressing. This adhesive has a broad range of applications in diverse field of biomedical engineering and wood industries. The nanoscale cellulose-based biocomposites of natural origin are setting the pace in this remarkable surge of innovation. In this chapter, cellulose is examined as a high-performance green adhesive for wood industries with no negative environmental effects and an emphasis on the numerous current applications and promising foreseeable future developments.
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