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- Erzurumluoglu, A. Mesut, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis of up to 622,409 individuals identifies 40 novel smoking behaviour associated genetic loci
- 2020
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Ingår i: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 25:10, s. 2392-2409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is a major heritable and modifiable risk factor for many diseases, including cancer, common respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen genetic loci have previously been associated with smoking behaviour-related traits. We tested up to 235,116 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the exome-array for association with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and smoking cessation in a fixed effects meta-analysis of up to 61 studies (up to 346,813 participants). In a subset of 112,811 participants, a further one million SNVs were also genotyped and tested for association with the four smoking behaviour traits. SNV-trait associations with P < 5 × 10-8 in either analysis were taken forward for replication in up to 275,596 independent participants from UK Biobank. Lastly, a meta-analysis of the discovery and replication studies was performed. Sixteen SNVs were associated with at least one of the smoking behaviour traits (P < 5 × 10-8) in the discovery samples. Ten novel SNVs, including rs12616219 near TMEM182, were followed-up and five of them (rs462779 in REV3L, rs12780116 in CNNM2, rs1190736 in GPR101, rs11539157 in PJA1, and rs12616219 near TMEM182) replicated at a Bonferroni significance threshold (P < 4.5 × 10-3) with consistent direction of effect. A further 35 SNVs were associated with smoking behaviour traits in the discovery plus replication meta-analysis (up to 622,409 participants) including a rare SNV, rs150493199, in CCDC141 and two low-frequency SNVs in CEP350 and HDGFRP2. Functional follow-up implied that decreased expression of REV3L may lower the probability of smoking initiation. The novel loci will facilitate understanding the genetic aetiology of smoking behaviour and may lead to the identification of potential drug targets for smoking prevention and/or cessation.
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| 4. |
- Ahsan, Amimul, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of a new triangular shape solar distillation system integrated with solar PV panel and DC water heater
- 2023
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Ingår i: Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier. - 2214-157X. ; 44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new triangular shape solar distillation system is fabricated using locally available materials by integrating with solar PV panel connected to DC water heater. It is designed for the first time to distill saline water or seawater using solar heat energy directly (to heat sample water) and indirectly (through water heater to heat sample water). The trough is made of Plexiglass and painted in black color which is placed inside the triangular frame made of UPVC pipe. The performance of the still is experimented in field. The diurnal variations of solar heat energy, distillate output, various temperatures and relative humidity are observed. A few linear proportional relationships are obtained between the sunlight heat energy and the productivity, between the ambient temperature and the productivity, and between the productivity and water-cover temperature difference. The production rate of the still is higher than the conventional one. An improved simulation model is proposed to estimate the productivity of the still as some previous simulation models cannot estimate the productivity of the solar still precisely. A few new factors are incorporated in the new model as these factors affect the distillate output of the solar still.
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| 7. |
- Daud, A, et al.
(författare)
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Comorbidity/overlapping between ADHD and PTSD in relation to IQ among children of traumatized/non-traumatized parents
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1087-0547 .- 1557-1246. ; 13:2, s. 188-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study explores the comorbidity between symptoms of ADHD and PTSD in relation to IQ among refugee children of traumatized parents (TP) and non-traumatized parents (NTP). Method: The study compares 80 refugee children, 40 with TP with 40 with NTP. ADHD and PTSD are assessed using DICA. Children’s cognitive functions are measured by WISC. Teacher ratings of YCI and SDQ are performed. Results: Overlapping between ADHD and PTSD symptoms are represented among children with TP. Cognitive functions, related to ADHD and PTSD, reveal associations between low IQ (<84) and having both ADHD and PTSD among children with TP. Conclusions: Concerns are raised about how ADHD and PTSD symptoms in a child are to be interpreted. Some overlapping exists between the two syndromes, but further studies should determine whether true comorbidity exists between ADHD and PTSD symptoms to better understand how to correctly diagnose and treat refugee children with TP. (J. of Att. Dis. 2009; 13(2) 188-196)
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| 9. |
- Mahmood, Saqib, et al.
(författare)
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Divergent path: isolating land use and climate change impact on river runoff
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - : Frontiers Media Sa. - 2296-665X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water resource management requires a thorough examination of how land use and climate change affect streamflow; however, the potential impacts of land-use changes are frequently ignored. Therefore, the principal goal of this study is to isolate the effects of anticipated climate and land-use changes on streamflow at the Indus River, Besham, Pakistan, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The multimodal ensemble (MME) of 11 general circulation models (GCMs) under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) 245 and 585 was computed using the Taylor skill score (TSS) and rating metric (RM). Future land use was predicted using the cellular automata artificial neural network (CA-ANN). The impacts of climate change and land-use change were assessed on streamflow under various SSPs and land-use scenarios. To calibrate and validate the SWAT model, the historical record (1991-2013) was divided into the following two parts: calibration (1991-2006) and validation (2007-2013). The SWAT model performed well in simulating streamflow with NSE, R2, and RSR values during the calibration and validation phases, which are 0.77, 0.79, and 0.48 and 0.76, 0.78, and 0.49, respectively. The results show that climate change (97.47%) has a greater effect on river runoff than land-use change (2.53%). Moreover, the impact of SSP585 (5.84%-19.42%) is higher than that of SSP245 (1.58%-4%). The computed impacts of climate and land-use changes are recommended to be incorporated into water policies to bring sustainability to the water environment.
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