| 1. |
- Bergenholtz, Gunnar, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of pulps in teeth affected by deep caries - A systematic review of the literature.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Singapore dental journal. - : World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt. - 0377-5291. ; 34:1, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This systematic review assesses the effect of methods commonly used to manage the pulp in cases of deep caries lesions, and the extent the pulp chamber remains uninfected and does not cause pulpal or periapical inflammatory lesions and associated tooth-ache over time.STUDY DESIGN: An electronic literature search included the databases PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Reviews from January 1950 to March 2013. In addition, hand searches were carried out. Two reviewers independently evaluated abstracts and full-text articles. An article was read in full if at least one of the two reviewers considered the abstract potentially relevant. Altogether, 161 articles were read in full text. Of these, 24 studies fulfilled established inclusion criteria. Based on studies of at least moderate quality, the quality of evidence of each procedure was rated in four levels according to GRADE.RESULTS: No study reached the high quality level. Twelve were of moderate quality. The overall evidence was insufficient to assess which of indirect pulp capping, stepwise excavation, direct excavation and pulp capping/partial pulpotomy, pulpotomy or pulpectomy is the most effective treatment approach for teeth with deep caries.CONCLUSIONS: Because of the lack of good studies it is not possible to determine whether an injured pulp by deep caries can be maintained or whether it should be removed and replaced with a root canal filling. Both randomized studies and prospective observational studies are needed to investigate whether a pulp exposed to deep caries is best treated by measures intended to preserve it or by pulpectomy and root filling.
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| 2. |
- Berlin, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative pain profile in 10-15-year-olds after bilateral extraction of maxillary premolars
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. - : Springer. - 1818-6300 .- 1996-9805. ; 20:6, s. 545-555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study pain perception in 10-15-year-olds, during and after uncomplicated extractions of bilateral maxillary premolars. The study investigated pain's natural course and made comparisons between the first and second extractions. METHODS: 31 Swedish children in need of orthodontic treatment were identified and consecutively enrolled. Tooth extractions followed a standardised protocol and the two teeth were extracted with at least 10 days between. The participants rated pain intensity using visual analogue scale (VAS) at 14 different time points from treatment and 7 days forward. RESULTS: The pain intensity profile followed the same pattern for all patients. Pain intensity peaked 2 h after extractions (mean VASPI 27.3, SD 20.8; median 23.0) when moderate pain intensity (VASPI >/= 40) was registered for 16 (28%) of 57 cases. After that, there was a rapid decrease in pain intensity notable already at 4 h after extractions. There were no statistically significant differences in any VASPI measurements between the first and second extractions, sexes, or different age groups. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the participants who undergo uncomplicated bilateral extraction of maxillary premolars experience mild to moderate levels of postoperative pain during a short period of time, with no differences between the first and second extractions. Bilateral tooth extractions is a suitable model for further studies on pain management.
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| 3. |
- Wigsten, Emma, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Root Canal Treatment or Tooth Extraction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Endodontics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0099-2399 .- 1878-3554. ; 46:105, s. 19-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The knowledge of patient-centered outcomes concerning the consequences of root canal treatment in daily life is limited. The treatment option is often tooth extraction with possible prosthetic replacement. This study aimed to achieve a greater understanding of the patient perspective by evaluating the effect of root canal treatment in terms of quality of life and quality-adjusted life year (QALY) weights in comparison with patients who underwent tooth extraction. Methods: Patients with either root canal treatment or extraction were recruited from 6 clinics in the general public dental service during a predetermined period of 8 weeks. Three different instruments were used: the Oral Health Impact Profile evaluating the oral health related quality of life (OHRQOL), the EQ-5D-5L evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and QALY weights, and a disease-specific questionnaire evaluating satisfaction regarding the root canal treatment. The evaluation was assessed at the initiation of treatment and after 1 month. Patient-based and tooth-specific characteristics were obtained from the dental records. Results: Eighty-five patients were included. The distribution between sexes was even, with 43 women and 42 men. The mean age was 51.1 years. Forty-eight patients (56.5%) had a tooth extraction, and 37 patients (43.5%) initiated root canal treatment. The response rate for the questionnaire at baseline was 95.3%, and at the 1-month follow-up, it was 74.1%. Two relevant and comparable groups were obtained after exclusion of the extracted third molars (n = 20), resulting in 65 patients for further analyses. At follow-up, the patients who initiated root canal treatment registered a significant improvement in perceived HRQOL according to the QALY weights (P = .02 and P < .01, respectively). Patients initiating root canal treatment reported generally high satisfaction. Conclusions: A cohort of patients either initiating root canal treatment or tooth extraction as a control group was established. Initiating root canal treatment had a positive impact on perceived HRQOL. The included patients in general dental practice registered overall high satisfaction regarding root canal treatment.
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| 4. |
- Ax, Anna-Karin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of different exercise intensities during oncological treatment in the Phys-Can RCT
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 62:4, s. 414-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundCost-effectiveness is important in the prioritisation between interventions in health care. Exercise is cost-effective compared to usual care during oncological treatment; however, the significance of exercise intensity to the cost-effectiveness is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of the randomised controlled trial Phys-Can, a six-month exercise programme of high (HI) or low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) during (neo)adjuvant oncological treatment.MethodsA cost-effectiveness analysis was performed, based on 189 participants with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer (HI: n = 99 and LMI: n = 90) from the Phys-Can RCT in Sweden. Costs were estimated from a societal perspective, and included cost of the exercise intervention, health care utilisation and productivity loss. Health outcomes were assessed as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), using EQ-5D-5L at baseline, post intervention and 12 months after the completion of the intervention.ResultsAt 12-month follow-up after the intervention, the total cost per participant did not differ significantly between HI (€27,314) and LMI exercise (€29,788). There was no significant difference in health outcome between the intensity groups. On average HI generated 1.190 QALYs and LMI 1.185 QALYs. The mean incremental cost-effectiveness ratio indicated that HI was cost effective compared with LMI, but the uncertainty was large.ConclusionsWe conclude that HI and LMI exercise have similar costs and effects during oncological treatment. Hence, based on cost-effectiveness, we suggest that decision makers and clinicians can consider implementing both HI and LMI exercise programmes and recommend either intensity to the patients with cancer during oncological treatment to facilitate improvement of health.
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| 5. |
- Ax, Anna-Karin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term resource utilisation and associated costs of exercise during (neo)adjuvant oncological treatment : the Phys-Can project
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 61:7, s. 888-896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exercise during oncological treatment is beneficial to patient health and can counteract the side effects of treatment. Knowledge of the societal costs associated with an exercise intervention, however, is limited. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the long-term resource utilisation and societal costs of an exercise intervention conducted during (neo)adjuvant oncological treatment in a randomised control trial (RCT) versus usual care (UC), and to compare high-intensity (HI) versus low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) exercise in the RCT.METHODS: We used data from the Physical Training and Cancer (Phys-Can) project. In the RCT, 577 participants were randomised to HI or to LMI of combined endurance and resistance training for 6 months, during oncological treatment. The project also included 89 participants with UC in a longitudinal observational study. We measured at baseline and after 18 months. Resource utilisation and costs of the exercise intervention, health care, and productivity loss were compared using analyses of covariance (RCT vs. UC) and t test (HI vs. LMI).RESULTS: Complete data were available for 619 participants (RCT HI: n = 269, LMI: n = 265, and UC: n = 85). We found no difference in total societal costs between the exercise intervention groups in the RCT and UC. However, participants in the RCT had lower rates of disability pension days (p < .001), corresponding costs (p = .001), and pharmacy costs (p = .018) than the UC group. Nor did we find differences in resource utilisation or costs between HI and LMI exercise int the RCT.CONCLUSION: Our study showed no difference in total societal costs between the comprehensive exercise intervention and UC or between the exercise intensities. This suggests that exercise, with its well-documented health benefits during oncological treatment, produces neither additional costs nor savings.
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| 6. |
- Davidson, Thomas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Direct valuation of health state among patients with chest pain : Does income level matter
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- There is still uncertainty over where to include the production loss caused by morbidity in cost-effectiveness analyses. This loss could be included as a cost; but if individuals take their own income into consideration when valuing health states, this would lead to double counting. The purpose of this study was to find out whether individuals’ incomes can explain their valuations of their own current health states.The sample consisted of 156 patients (312 observations) admitted to hospital with chest pain (the FRISC II trial). These patients valued their own current health states by using the time trade-off method (TTO) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). They also answered the EQ-5D instrument and stated their monthly income. Income level was additionally controlled via their taxed income at the tax agency, together with their income generated from capital. Generalised estimation equations were used to test whether the EQ- 5D dimensions and monthly gross income could explain the variation in the valuations of the health states.The results indicate that neither self-stated nor taxed income could explain the variation in the valuations made by TTO. However, self-stated income (but not taxed income) was a significant variable in explaining variation in the VAS valuations.These findings support the inclusion of the production loss caused by morbidity in the analysis, as these costs are not, or at least not to any great extent, implicitly incorporated in the individuals’ QALY weights when TTO is used to value the health states. Using a VAS, some income effects may be included.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Davidson, Thomas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Do individuals consider expected income when valuing health states?
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. - 0266-4623 .- 1471-6348. ; 24:4, s. 488-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study was to empirically explore whether individuals take their expected income into consideration when directly valuing predefined health states. This was intended to help determine how to handle productivity costs due to morbidity in a cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods: Two hundred students each valued four hypothetical health states by using time trade-off (TTO) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The students were randomly assigned to two groups. One group was simply asked, without mentioning income, to value the different health states (the non-income group). The other group was explicitly asked to consider their expected income in relation to the health states in their valuations (the income group). Results: For health states that are usually assumed to have a large effect on income, the valuations made by the income group seemed to be lower than the valuations made by the non-income group. Among the students in the non-income group, 96 percent stated that they had not thought about their expected income when they valued the health states. In the income group, 40 percent believed that their expected income had affected their valuations of the health states. Conclusion: The results show that, as long as income is not mentioned, most individuals do not seem to consider their expected income when they value health states. This indicates that productivity costs due to morbidity are not captured within individuals’ health state valuations. These findings, therefore, suggest that productivity costs due to morbidity should be included as a cost in cost-effectiveness analyses.
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| 9. |
- Davidson, Thomas, 1977-
(författare)
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How to include relatives and productivity loss in a cost‐effectiveness analysis
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Health economic evaluations are today commonly used in the decision‐making process in health care. Within the field of cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA), there are several methodological and empirical issues that cause debate about what is included in the analysis. This thesis covers two such issues; costs and effects for relatives, and the valuation of individuals’ productivity loss due to morbidity. The objective of the thesis is to provide further knowledge about what should be included in CEAs which take a societal approach. The papers that the thesis is based on, four in total, examine the theoretical aspects of the studied issues and test these aspects empirically. Three different data materials were used. The CEA and the estimation of costs and effects are central in all the papers. The outcome measure used is quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs).The relatives of an individual with a disease or disability often provide informal care, and there may also be concomitant effect on their own well‐being. Nevertheless, the costs and effects for the relatives are generally excluded from CEAs, and there are few guidelines for how to include relatives’ effects. This thesis suggests the use of a new measure, R‐QALYs, which can be used both to visualise relatives’ effects and to include them in the analysis. We found that while the EQ‐5D instrument can be used to capture some of the relatives’ effects, it most likely misses a number of important attributes, for example altruistic preferences. Methods of eliciting R‐QALY weights include direct valuation methods and indirect methods, using existing relativerelated instruments. However, none of these methods are without difficulties, and there is a need for more studies on estimating valid relatives’ effects. Another possible approach with high potential is to use monetary measurements for both the costs and effects relevant to relatives.The results also show that income affects the QALY weights if the individuals include the utility generated by consumption within their QALY weights. The empirical tests showed that a majority of individuals do not consider their own income when they value health states. An explicit instruction to take income into account seemed to affect the valuation of those health states that were assumed to have consequences on the ability to perform daily activities. These findings give support for including the productivity costs caused by morbidity in the analysis; as these costs are not, or are only to a minor extent, implicitly incorporated in individuals’ QALY weights. The loss of leisure time, however, is captured in the QALY weight, and care must be taken to avoid double counting this loss in the analysis.The results of CEAs will only be partial if relatives’ costs and effects and the costs of individuals’ productivity loss are excluded for health interventions where they are assumed to be of significant importance.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Davidson, Thomas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Kostnaden för förmaksflimmer i Östergötland
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förmaksflimmer (FF) är den vanligaste förekomna arytmin i Sverige. Att ha FF innebär en ökad risk för att drabbas av stroke och den huvudsakliga behandlingen går därför ut på att motverka stroke genom antikoagulationsbehandling med warfarin. Det finns tidigare ingen beräkning på hur mycket FF kostar i Sverige och med anledning av att nya behandlingsmetoder och läkemedel kan förväntas komma inom en snar framtid finns ett behov av att veta hur mycket resurser som FF förbrukar idag. Syftet med den här rapporten var därför att beräkna kostnaden för FF i Östergötland. Detta gjordes genom att samtliga relevanta kostnadsposter identifierades och kvantifierades till lämpliga enheter. Därefter beräknades kostnaden i en modell, både för dagens situation men också genom en prognos för de närmaste åren. Fokus har varit på de komplikationer som FF ger ökad risk för, samt behandlingar för att minska denna risk. Behandlingen syftar oftast inte till att bota själva flimret utan till att motverka de risker för komplikationer som FF för med sig.Tre möjliga alternativ för patienter med FF inkluderades i beräkningen; behandling med warfarin, behandling med ASA eller ingen behandling. Endast patienter med måttlig eller hög risk för stroke inkluderades i beräkningen. Endast omkring 50 procent av alla patienterna får idag warfarin vilket betyder att underbehandling föreligger eftersom nästan alla patienter med FF är rekommenderade att behandlas med warfarin.Den totala kostnaden för FF i Östergötland har beräknats till 137 miljoner kronor år 2006 och prognostiserats till 155 miljoner kronor år 2008 och 177 miljoner kronor år 2010, vilket är en ökning med nästan 30 procent på fyra år. Om endast de direkta kostnaderna inkluderas är kostnaden 115 miljoner kronor år 2006. Kostnaden för stroke är den största enskilda kostnaden och står för 84 procent av den totala kostnaden när även de indirekta kostnaderna inkluderas.Eftersom prevalensen av FF stiger hos personer över 60 år och är mycket hög hos personer över 80 år förväntas antalet personer med FF öka i takt med att andelen äldre i samhället ökar. Denna ökning förväntas fortsätta under lång tid vilket leder till kraftigt ökade kostnader för samhället till följd av FF. Eftersom nya behandlingar för att både bota flimret samt att motverka stroke är under utveckling är det dock möjligt att detta på sikt kan hålla ner kostnaderna jämfört med beräkningen i denna rapport.
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| 12. |
- Davidson, Thomas, 1977-
(författare)
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Kostnader och konsekvenser av blodflödesbaserad riskbedömning för identifiering av individer med risk för trycksår
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med den här rapporten var att studera potentiella konsekvenser avseende förekomst av trycksår och kostnader vid användning av PU sensor som tillägg till redan existerande riskbedömningar inom slutenvård och äldreomsorg.Den huvudsakliga metoden i rapporten var beräkningar i enlighet med metodiken för en kostnadsanalys. Beräkningar gjordes av vad olika riskbedömningsmetoder för att identifiera individer med risk för trycksår, var för sig eller i kombination, ger för konsekvenser i form av antal trycksår och kostnader. Kostnadsberäkningen använde ett hälso- och sjukvårdsperspektiv inklusive äldreomsorg och inkluderade kostnader för riskbedömning, eventuella förebyggande insatser samt kostnader för eventuella trycksår. Data har baserats utifrån publicerade artiklar, register samt skattningar.Beräkningarna visade att om PU sensor används som extra bedömning för 1000 patienter inom slutenvården uppkommer en extra kostnad om 120 000 kronor för bedömningen, och att 25 extra riskpatienter identifieras. Om preventiva åtgärder sätts in för alla extra identifierade patienter med risk skulle detta leda till 20 färre patienter med trycksår. Användning av PU sensor för 1000 patienter skulle därmed leda till en besparing om 1 791 500 kronor.Även inom äldreomsorgen visade beräkningarna att användning av PU sensor leder till en besparing, men inte lika stor som inom slutenvården. För 1000 patienter skulle användning av PU sensor leda till 15,5 identifierade patienter med risk. Genom preventiva åtgärder skulle 12,4 patienter undvika att utveckla trycksår till en besparing om 325 310 kronor.Känslighetsanalyser visade att kostnaden för användning av PU sensor har liten påverkan på resultatet men att kostnaden för trycksår har stor påverkan. Kostnaden för prevention har liten påverkan medan andelen patienter med risk samt sensitiviteten hos PU sensor att identifiera riskpatienter är av stor betydelse. Sammantaget visar dessa känslighetsanalyser att det huvudsakliga resultatet är robust och att PU sensor förväntas leda till färre uppkomna trycksår och besparingar. Därtill tillkommer den ökade livskvaliteten som en konsekvens av förhindrade trycksår.
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| 13. |
- Davidson, Thomas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Närståendes konsekvenser : Hur kan de inkluderas i den hälsoekonomiska analysen?
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport har skrivits vid Centrum för utvärdering av medicinsk teknologi (CMT) vid Linköpings Universitet. Ekonomiskt stöd har utgått från Landstinget i Östergötland med syftet att tjäna som metodstöd för den som använder och bedömer hälsoekonomiska utvärderingsstudier. Dessutom har ekonomiska medel tillhandahållits från Apoteket AB:s forskningsfond som en del i ett större projekt, vilket studerar vad som är med och inte med i en hälsoekonomisk utvärdering.I rapporten diskuteras hur närståendes konsekvenser skulle kunna inkluderas i en hälsoekonomisk analys. Stora delar av detta område är relativt outforskat och stöter på en mängd metodproblem. Detta har gjort att det många gånger inte går att ge tydliga rekommendationer i dagsläget. Rapporten visar dock att närståendes konsekvenser kan vara av stor vikt i en hälsoekonomisk analys, och ett viktigt första steg är att dessa konsekvenser uppmärksammas. Vidare forskning kommer krävas för att säkerställa att närståendes konsekvenser kan mätas, värderas och inkluderas i analysen på ett korrekt sätt. Rapporten vänder sig i första hand till dem som har viss erfarenhet av hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar. Den är dock skriven så att även den oinvigde ska kunna ta del av den. I det senare fallet kan den dock behöva kompletteras med litteratur som redogör för hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar i helhet. Ett stort tack till alla dem som vid seminarier eller annat tillfälle har gett värdefulla kommentarer på projektet.Linköping, 2008-05-29Thomas Davidson, Lars-Åke Levin
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gustavsson, Erik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Sjukdomsmodifierande läkemedel mot Alzheimers sjukdom : etiska aspekter av prioriteringar och screening
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I skrivande stund pågår det intensiv forskning för att få fram ett sjukdomsmodifierande läkemedel mot Alzheimers sjukdom (AD). Vid introduktion av sådana läkemedel kommer en rad etiskt svåra frågor kring screening och prioriteringar av vårdens resurser, att aktualiseras. Föreliggande rapport behandlar dessa frågor.Trots att de nya läkemedlens effekt sannolikt har en påverkan på närstående till personer med AD så är det vår bedömning att den svenska etiska plattformen inte lämnar något utrymme för sådan hänsyn. Det finns också skäl att vara särskilt uppmärksam på utsträckningen i vilken de surrogatmått som används i de kliniska studierna faktiskt är av klinisk relevans.När det gäller att väga samman patientnytta som tillfaller olika individer är det vår bedömning att plattformen inte tillåter aggregering av patientnytta på ett sådant sätt. Det innebär att det faktum att personer med AD utgör en stor patientgrupp utgör i sig inte ett skäl för högre prioritet då effekten skall bedömas med avseende på hur den tillfaller varje enskild individ. I ett scenario där budgetpåverkan blir så stor att man behöver prioritera inom gruppen så tycks det saknas för prioriteringar relevanta kriterier.Manifest AD är ett tillstånd med mycket stor svårighetsgrad. Men eftersom de nya läkemedlen siktar in sig på den prekliniska eller fasen i vilken patienter har en lindrig kognitiv störning så bör svårighetsgraden av tillståndet viktas ned med avseende på sannolikheten att faktiskt insjukna i AD. Tillståndets svårighetsgrad blir därmed olika för läkemedel som siktar på den prekliniska fasen, de som siktar på fasen med lindrig kognitiv störning och de som siktar på kliniska stadier av AD. Eftersom personer med AD kan ha sämre förutsättningar än andra patientgrupper att kommunicera sina behov bör de beaktas särskilt. Det innebär dock inte någon högre prioritet utan en markering att personer med AD har samma rätt till hälso- och sjukvård som andra grupper med liknande behov.Populationsscreening för AD är förknippat med flera problem. Det finns generella problem med screening ur exempelvis autonomisynpunkt. Men det finns också problem som relaterar till att nuvarande metoder för riskstratifiering är så opålitliga vilket i sin tur resulterar i falska negativa (med risk för underbehandling) och falska positiva (med risk för överbehandling). Screening i fasen då patienten har en lindrig kognitiv störning har (förutom de problem som kommer med populationsscreening) problem med ojämlikhet och godtycke. När den kliniska fasen inträder har poängen med screening gått förlorad: ju senare identifikation, desto mindre potentiella behandlingsfördelar jämfört med vanlig diagnostik som den går till idag.Det är vår sammantagna bedömning att de nya läkemedlen måste generera stora hälsovinster för personer som riskerar att insjukna i AD för att berättigas allmän finansiering och för att rättfärdiga de etiska kostnader som kommer med de nuvarande diagnostiska metoderna.
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| 17. |
- Hedin, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Intraoperativ strålbehandling vid primar operation for bröstcancer : TARGIT-A-studien ej konklusiv
- 2018
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm, Sweden : Läkartidningen Förlag AB. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 115
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The TARGIT-A (TARGeted Intraoperative radioTherapy) multicentre study of early breast cancer compared intraoperative radiotherapy with external radiotherapy. While the intraoperative radiotherapy was standardised, the external postoperative comparison treatment followed established routines in the participating treatment centres resulting in substantial variations in dosages and treatment durations. The uncertainties in the interpretation of the study results created by the design of the TARGIT-A study constitute substantial obstacles to the possible introduction of intraoperative radiotherapy for early breast cancer.
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| 18. |
- Hedmo, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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A cost analysis of orthodontic space closure and implant treatment in patients missing maxillary lateral incisors with a long-term perspective
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; 45:4, s. 468-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveFew studies within orthodontics present both economic and clinical findings. Missing maxillary lateral incisors is a frequently occurring anomaly. The treatment alternatives most used are orthodontic space closure and prosthetic replacement of the missing tooth. Our aim is to compare the total societal costs of orthodontic space closure (SC) and implant therapy (IT) in patients missing maxillary lateral incisors.MethodsRecords of 32 patients treated with SC (n = 18) or IT (n = 14) due to missing maxillary lateral incisors were retrieved from the archives. Direct costs and indirect costs in the short- and long-term were analysed using a cost analysis with a societal perspective up of to 12 years post-treatment.ResultsComparing cases treated with SC and IT, the difference in direct short-term costs for treatment is euro735.54, whereas SC is the least costly. There is no difference between SC and IT in short-term parent loss of productivity, long-term loss of productivity, costs for transportation, or direct long-term costs. A difference was found between SC and IT-in favour of SC-when comparing patients' loss of productivity (P = 0.007), short-term societal costs (P < 0.001), long-term societal costs (P = 0.037), and total societal costs (P < 0.001).LimitationsThere is a limited number of patient records. Local factors such as subsidies, urban versus rural areas, taxes, etc. can influence monetary variables, so the transferability to other settings may be limited.ConclusionPatients treated with SC have a lower total societal cost compared to patients treated with IT. There was a difference in productivity loss for patients between SC and IT; however, concerning other indirect parameters and direct long-term costs, there was no difference between the two treatments.
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| 19. |
- Nordenram, G., et al.
(författare)
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Qualitative studies of patients' perceptions of loss of teeth, the edentulous state and prosthetic rehabilitation: A systematic review with meta-synthesis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 71:3-4, s. 937-951
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To conduct a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies addressing patients' perceptions of loss of teeth, edentulism and oral rehabilitation. Background. Qualitative studies can complement quantitative studies by achieving deep understanding of patients' subjective experiences of losing teeth and coping with edentulism. They can also explore the perception that the benefits of prosthetic rehabilitation extend far beyond primary clinical treatment goals of restoration of oral function. Materials and methods. The major data bases were searched extensively for relevant qualitative and quantitative studies, followed by manual searching of the reference lists of included publications. Two authors independently read all abstracts. Relevant papers were retrieved in full-text and included or excluded according to a specially designed protocol. The included articles were then appraised and rated for quality: high, moderate or low. Articles of low quality were excluded. Results. The database search yielded 36 abstracts of qualitative studies; manual search disclosed one further article. All were read in full-text by two independent authors: 28 were excluded. Of the remaining nine, two (assessed as of low quality) were excluded for further analysis. Meta-synthesis, based on seven studies, disclosed two major themes: loss of quality-of-life associated with losing teeth and restored quality-of-life after oral rehabilitation. Conclusions. In this relatively new field of research, there are few published papers. Nevertheless, the studies to date show that loss of teeth is associated not only with compromised oral function, but also loss of social status and diminished self-esteem. Oral rehabilitation has broad positive implications, restoring quality of life and self-worth.
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- Sjödahl, Rune, 1938-, et al.
(författare)
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Robotassisterad bäcken- och njurkirurgi – en utvärdering
- 2022
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm, Sweden : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current studies indicate that robotic-assisted surgery is not inferior to laparoscopic or open surgery regarding oncologic or functional outcomes. An exception may be uterine cervix cancer, where the survival after minimal invasive surgery might not be as good as after open surgery. There is less bleeding and need for blood transfusion after robotic-assisted surgery, and postoperative complications are similar to open or laparoscopic surgery. Robotic-assisted surgery offers ergonomic advantages compared to laparoscopic surgery. The effect of the surgical learning curve is not sufficiently studied. Presently robotic-assisted surgery is not cost-effective due to high costs of investments. The operation is more time consuming than laparoscopic or open surgery with risks of delaying and cancellation of other operations.
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| 21. |
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