| 1. |
- André, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Drivkrafter för hållbar konsumtion på lokal nivå : Svenska kommuners roll och möjligheter
- 2021
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- En ökande konsumtion och resursförbrukning utgör idag en av de största globala hållbarhetsutmaningarna och är en viktig anledning till att utsläppen av växthusgaser fortsätter att öka. Såväl internationellt som i Sverige råder en allt större medvetenhet om att vi måste minska den negativa påverkan på klimat, miljö och människors hälsa som vår konsumtion ger upphov till (se till exempel Agenda 2030 och mål 12). För att främja hållbar konsumtion har städer och kommuner en viktig roll att spela genom att både indirekt och direkt främja och skapa incitament för hållbara konsumtionsmönster och beteenden på lokal nivå, såväl i kommunernas egen verksamhet som bland hushållen och andra aktörer.I denna rapport diskuteras de viktigaste insikterna och slutsatserna från projektet Unlock: Drivkrafter för en hållbar konsumtion på lokal nivå1. Syftet med Unlock har varit att bidra med ny kunskap om svenska kommuners roll när det gäller hållbar konsumtion på lokal nivå samt analysera hinder och möjligheter i kommunernas arbete. Rapporten lyfter fram ett antal rekommendationer på åtgärder och strategier för att stärka kommunernas arbete med hållbar konsumtion, och därmed Sveriges möjligheter att etablera ett mer hållbart samhälle.Rapporten utgår från följande forskningsfrågor:Vad kännetecknar kommunernas arbete med hållbar konsumtion idag? Det vill säga vilka konsumtionsområden står i fokus och vilka styrmedel och åtgärder används?Hur uppfattar kommunerna sin roll och sina möjligheter att främja hållbar konsumtion inom ramen för den egna verksamheten, samt gentemot invånare och företag?Hur använder kommunerna data och indikatorer i arbetet med hållbar konsumtion och vilka behov kan identifieras? Genom en tvärvetenskaplig ansats och en kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder har projektet fokuserat på att fånga kommunernas drivkrafter, erfarenheter och kunskaper om hållbar konsumtion. Projektets tre huvudsakliga metoder innefattar: systematisk granskning av den vetenskapliga litteraturen om kommunernas roll att främja hållbar konsumtion; nationell webbaserad enkätstudie som genomfördes under hösten 2018 till Sveriges alla kommuner och länsstyrelser, och 3) fördjupade fallstudier av två kommuner, Lund och Upplands Väsby, där en serie fokusgrupper, workshoppar och intervjuer genomfördes med kommunala tjänstepersoner från olika förvaltningar under 2018–2019.Resultaten visar att många kommuner idag arbetar aktivt för att främja hållbar konsumtion med flera strategiska åtgärder på plats. Kommunernas arbete med hållbar konsumtion spänner över flera konsumtionsområden som till exempel livsmedel, upphandling, energi, avfall, energianvändning och transporter. De styrmedel som används är framför allt informativa och administrativa. Samarbete genom nätverk och investeringar är något som verkar öka möjligheterna att nå framgång. Resultat visar även att upphandling betraktas som ett viktigt styrmedel men upplevs svårt på grund av bristande resurser och kunskap. Likaså upplever kommunerna svårigheter att förstå och följa upp miljöbelastningen från sina inköp.Kommunerna visar stark drivkraft i arbetet med hållbar konsumtion men efterfrågar mer vägledning från nationell nivå. Resultaten visar också att politiskt stöd är mycket viktigt för att få tillräckligt med resurser samt stöd för att genomföra åtgärder. Ekonomiska incitament är också en viktig drivkraft medan bristande finansiella resurser är ett hinder för framsteg. För att lyckas i arbetet framhålls även nyckelpersoner, samarbete över förvaltningsgränser samt kompetens och tid som centrala faktorer. När det gäller indikatorer är det tydligt att de kan fungera som ett viktigt incitament för att adressera hållbar konsumtion men att brist på data ofta hämmar kommunernas möjligheter att utvärdera effekterna av olika åtgärder och styrmedel. Resultaten visar också att kommunernas användning av indikatorer hjälper till att fånga upp hur arbetet med hållbar konsumtion utvecklas i delar av arbetet men att de flesta kommuner inte har någon helhetsbild över hur påverkan från konsumtion utvecklas över tid. En förbättrad uppföljning och utvärdering anses vidare vara viktigt för att öka engagemanget för åtgärder som adresserar hållbar konsumtion. Rapportens rekommendationer (se vidare avsnitt 5):Stärk kommunernas möjligheter till kontinuerligt lärande, erfarenhetsutbyte och samarbeten genom etablering av gemensamma mötesplatser.Säkerställ brett politiskt stöd och mer resurser genom att etablera starkare stödjande institutioner, till exempel genom att se över fördelningen av ansvar från lokal till nationell nivå.Ge kommunerna mer stöd genom gemensamma riktlinjer och vägledning från nationell nivå och inom ramen för det kommunala självstyret. Detta också för att bidra till samsyn kring begreppet hållbar konsumtion och därigenom underlätta framtagandet av mål, strategier och tillhörande handlingsplaner.Utveckla samarbetet kring hållbar konsumtion mellan nationell, regional och lokal nivå och där landets länsstyrelser förslagsvis skulle kunna ta en större roll i arbetet.Prioritera stöd till utveckling och sammanställning av lokala konsumtionsbaserade miljöindikatorer och data.Stärk kommunernas kapacitet att sammanställa data från upphandling och inköp för att ge bättre underlag för styrmedel och åtgärder som minskar konsumtionens miljöpåverkan.
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| 2. |
- Bladen, Catherine L., et al.
(author)
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The TREAT-NMD Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Registries : Conception, Design, and Utilization by Industry and Academia
- 2013
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In: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 34:11, s. 1449-1457
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease, caused by the absence of the dystrophin protein. Although many novel therapies are under development for DMD, there is currently no cure and affected individuals are often confined to a wheelchair by their teens and die in their twenties/thirties. DMD is a rare disease (prevalence<5/10,000). Even the largest countries do not have enough affected patients to rigorously assess novel therapies, unravel genetic complexities, and determine patient outcomes. TREAT-NMD is a worldwide network for neuromuscular diseases that provides an infrastructure to support the delivery of promising new therapies for patients. The harmonized implementation of national and ultimately global patient registries has been central to the success of TREAT-NMD. For the DMD registries within TREAT-NMD, individual countries have chosen to collect patient information in the form of standardized patient registries to increase the overall patient population on which clinical outcomes and new technologies can be assessed. The registries comprise more than 13,500 patients from 31 different countries. Here, we describe how the TREAT-NMD national patient registries for DMD were established. We look at their continued growth and assess how successful they have been at fostering collaboration between academia, patient organizations, and industry.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brown, Nils, et al.
(author)
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Nya metoder och miljöindikatorer för att stödja policy för hållbarkonsumtion i Sverige : Slutrapport – PRINCE fas 2
- 2022
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det första PRINCE-programmet (Policy Relevant Indicators for Consumption and Environment) pågick mellan 2014 och 2018 med målet att undersöka sätt att förbättra och utöka uppsättningen av konsumtionsbaserade indikatorer för att uppskatta miljöpåverkan kopplat till svensk konsumtion, både inom Sverige och utomlands. PRINCE-programmet avslutades 2018 med en rapport: file:///C:/Users/krn/AppData/Local/Temp/978-91-620-6842-4.pdf.Ytterligare information finns på projektets webbplats: https://www.prince-project.se/Detta ettåriga projekt (PRINCE 2) är en påbyggnad till PRINCE-programmet. Målen med PRINCE 2 har varit att kommunicera resultaten från PRINCE-programmet till Naturvårdsverket och andra nyckelaktörer, att sammanfatta användningen av PRINCE-resultat inom politik och andra områden och att vidareutveckla data och indikatorer inom fiskeområdena, tropisk avskogning, biologisk mångfald och kemikalier i syfte att förbättra befintliga och etablera nya indikatorer för att mäta miljöpåverkan från svensk konsumtion.Projektet har finansierats med medel från Naturvårdsverkets miljöforskningsanslag.Rapporten har skrivits av Nils Brown (Statistikmyndigheten SCB), Simon Croft (Stockholm Environment Institute York, University of York), Elena Dawkins (Stockholm Environment Institute), Göran Finnveden (KTH), Jonathan Green (Stockholm Environment Institute York, University of York), Martin Persson (Chalmers tekniska högskola), Susanna Roth (Statistikmyndigheten SCB), Chris West (Stockholm Environment Institute York, University of York) och Richard Wood (Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet NTNU).Författarna svarar för rapportens innehåll. Rapporten har även publicerats på engelska (rapportnummer 7032).Naturvårdsverket mars 2022
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| 5. |
- Dawkins, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Advancing sustainable consumption at the local government level : A literature review
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 231, s. 1450-1462
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The consumption of goods and services can be a driver of environmental and social impacts around the world. Understanding the role that the different levels of government can play in incentivising sustainable consumption is therefore critical. Using systematic review techniques, this paper reviews the latest evidence on the importance, effectiveness, successes and failures of local government in advancing sustainable consumption. We find that there is little focus on sustainable consumption in its entirety or whether it is being achieved at the local government level. Important consumption categories like food, procurement, water, waste prevention, clothing, other consumables or services are understudied. Evaluation of the outcome of sustainable consumption interventions was limited, and the assessment that was completed gave mixed results. The most popular policy instruments were of the less coercive administrative and informative type. Multiple barriers to the success of an intervention were identified, the top ones being funding; staff capacity, knowledge or data; lack of flexibility and lock-in to the status quo; lack of guidance or political will; administrative burdens; and lack of regulatory powers or tools. Sustainable consumption interventions by local government were most effective when they had strong leadership, good stakeholder engagement, participatory approaches and extensive consultations.
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| 6. |
- Dawkins, Elena, et al.
(author)
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Retracing the footsteps: how do footprint indicators support learning about sustainable consumption among Swedish policymakers?
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Consumption-based or environmental footprint indicators give a sense of society’s progress towards sustainable consumption. Studies of the role that sustainability indicators play in policy making report that they contribute to learning and conceptual thinking. This literature provides insights into the types of learning outcome that indicators contribute to, such as instrumental, policy-oriented, governmental, political, or societal learning. But few studies have looked specifically at consumption-based indicators or at the learning process itself, of how indicator use supports different actors in changing their ideas, perceptions, and practices – and potentially affects wider social and organizational structures to prompt the desired move to sustainable consumption.To address this, we draw on the theory of expansive learning to investigate the potential for learning about sustainable consumption by Swedish public officials using consumption-based indicators. Data were collected in a series of interviews, focus groups and workshops. The results suggest that consumption-based indicators do help officials to learn about the concept of sustainable consumption and encourage them to push forward the sustainable consumption agenda. This is not, however, so much due to indicators per se, but rather to the creativity and agency of committed government officials. To enhance learning and change in practices further, public officials must be supported by the necessary institutions and authority to promote sustainable consumption.
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| 7. |
- Dawkins, Elena, 1984-
(author)
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Sustainable consumption for policymakers: measuring, learning and acting
- 2019
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Current patterns and levels of consumption are a key driver of unsustainable resource use and pollution, which contributes to global environmental degradation. Rapid reductions in environmental pressures are required to avoid irreversible loss of fragile ecosystems and social and economic crises. Consumption must become sustainable. Governments have an essential role to play in delivering this. The aim of this thesis is to examine three aspects of the policymaking process on sustainable consumption – measuring, learning and acting – and the links between them. Each aspect has a linked objective.Measuring: Assess existing and novel techniques for calculating the environmental pressures of consumption that enable government to measure and monitor a country’s progress towards sustainable consumptionLearning: Determine whether – and, if so, how – consumption-based indicators might better support policymaker learning on sustainable consumptionActing: Identify ways in which governments can enhance their actions to support sustainable consumptionThe research is presented in six papers and organised in three parts: one for each objective. Parts 1 and 2 investigate current and future opportunities for policymakers to measure the environmental pressures linked to their country’s consumption, what these mean for achieving sustainable consumption and whether consumption-based indicators support learning about sustainable consumption. These parts are based on the Swedish experience of sustainable consumption. Part 3 examines various sustainable consumption interventions and what these could mean for government action in the future. This part draws on examples from several countries. Qualitative and quantitative methods are used to answer these questions. These comprise systematic review and mapping, macro-environment economic modelling and analysis, interviews, workshops and focus groups.The results provide a number of insights. First, novel consumption-based measurements for Sweden highlight the scale of the challenge involved in achieving sustainable consumption and the importance of increasing the policy applicability of indicators. Second, while indicators provide some learning for policymakers, their contribution to changing existing practices and navigating political or institutional barriers is limited. The learning potential of indicators is constrained by institutional environments. Instead, learning must be structured and enabled by institutions. Third, with regard to the actions studied, increased government involvement appears a necessary and, to some actors, desirable option. Nonetheless, a number of barriers to and enabling factors for policy action to promote sustainable consumption must be considered. In terms of the connections between the three elements of measuring, learning and acting, what might first appear to be a linear relationship is in reality far more complex. Measurement does not necessarily lead to learning – and learning is not always followed by action. Policymakers act without the level of knowledge they would like while indicators remain unused and, in some cases, are even rejected. Learning comes from practitioners’ involvement in action, as well as research into the actions themselves, the problem and solutions. Understanding government efforts on measuring, learning and action to promote sustainable consumption offers insights into how these multiple factors might contribute, separately and together, to more sustainable consumption.
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| 8. |
- Dawkins, Elena, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish footprint : A multi-model comparison
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 209, s. 1578-1592
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has a large per capita carbon footprint, particularly compared to the levels recommended for maintaining a stable climate. Much of that footprint falls outside Sweden's territory; emissions occurring abroad are "embodied" in imported goods consumed in Sweden. In this study we calculate the total amount and geographical hotspots of the Swedish footprint produced by different multi-regional input-output (MRIO) models, and compare these results in order to gain a picture of the present state of knowledge of the Swedish global footprint. We also look for insights for future model development that can be gained from such comparisons. We first compare a time series of the Swedish carbon footprint calculated by the Swedish national statistics agency, Statistics Sweden, using a single-region model, with data from the EXIOBASE, GTAP, OECD, Eora, and WIOD MRIO databases. We then examine the MRIO results to investigate the geographical distribution of four types of Swedish footprint: carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas emissions, water use and materials use. We identify the hotspot countries and regions where environmental pressures linked to Swedish consumption are highest. We also consider why the results may differ between calculation methods and types of environmental pressure. As might be expected, given the complexity and modelling assumptions, the MRIO models and Statistics Sweden data provide different (but similar) results for each footprint. The MRIO models have different strengths that can be used to improve the national calculations. However, constructing and maintaining a new MRIO model would be very demanding for one country. It is also clear that for a single country's calculation, there will be better and more precise data available nationally that would not have priority in the construction of an MRIO model. Thus, combining existing MRIO data with national economic and environmental data seems to be a promising method for integrated footprint analysis. Our findings are relevant not just for Sweden but for other countries seeking to improve national consumption-based accounts. Based on our analysis we offer recommendations to guide future research and policy making to this end.
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| 9. |
- Fauré, Eléonore, et al.
(author)
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Environmental pressure from Swedish consumption - The largest contributing producer countries, products and services
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 231, s. 698-713
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to produce goods and services that are consumed in Sweden, natural resources are extracted and pollutants are emitted in many other countries. This paper presents an analysis of the goods and services consumed in Sweden that cause the largest environmental pressures in terms of resource use and emissions, identifying in which countries or regions these pressures occur. The results have been calculated using a hybrid model developed in the PRINCE project combining the multi-regional input-output database EXIOBASE with data from the Swedish economic and environmental accounts. The following environmental pressures are analysed: Use of Land, Water and Material resources, Emissions of Greenhouse gases (GHG), Sulphur dioxides (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), and Particulate Matters (PM 2.5 and 10). The product groups are those goods and services bought for private or public consumption and capital investments, as listed in the Swedish economic accounts. The results show that Sweden is a net importer of all embodied environmental pressures, except for land use and material use. The most important product groups across environmental pressures are construction, food products and direct emissions from households (except for sulphur dioxide emissions and material use for the latter). Other product groups that are found to have environmental pressures across several indicators are wholesale and retail services, architecture and engineering, dwellings, motor vehicles and machinery and equipment. However, for the three natural resource pressures Use of Water, Land and Material resources, agricultural products are a relatively important product group along with products from forestry for the last two indicators. A considerable proportion of the environmental pressure occurs in Sweden, but when comparing those of domestic origin and that occurring internationally, the majority of all pressures for Swedish consumption occur abroad (except for land use). Other countries stand out as particularly important as origins of pressure for Swedish consumption, most notably China, which is among the top five countries for emissions to air, as well as blue water and material use. Other highly relevant countries or regions are Rest of Asia and Pacific (i.e. Asia and Pacific except Indonesia, Taiwan, Australia, India, South Korea, China and Japan), Russia, Germany as well as Denmark and Spain for certain product groups and environmental pressure combinations. This pattern of geographically spread pressures caused by Swedish consumption indicates the need for addressing the pressures at various levels of collaboration: national, within the European Union, bilateral and international.
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| 10. |
- Fauré, Eléonore, et al.
(author)
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Environmental pressure from Swedish consumption – The largest contributing producer countries, products and services
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to produce goods and services that are consumed in Sweden, natural resources are extracted and pollutants are emitted in many other countries. This paper presents an analysis of the goods and services consumed in Sweden that cause the largest environmental pressures in terms of resource use and emissions, identifying in which countries or regions these pressures occur. The results have been calculated using a hybrid model developed in the PRINCE project combining the multi-regional input-output database EXIOBASE with data from the Swedish economic and environmental accounts. The following environmental pressures are analysed: Use of Land, Water and Material resources, Emissions of Greenhouse gases (GHG), Sulphur dioxides (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), and Particulate Matters (PM 2.5 and 10). The product groups are those goods and services bought for private or public consumption and capital investments, as listed in the Swedish economic accounts. The results show that Sweden is a net importer of all embodied environmental pressures, except for land use and material use. The most important product groups across environmental pressures are construction, food products and direct emissions from households (except for sulphur dioxide emissions and material use for the latter). Other product groups that are found to have environmental pressures across several indicators are wholesale and retail services, architecture and engineering, dwellings, motor vehicles and machinery and equipment. However, for the three natural resource pressures Use of Water, Land and Material resources, agricultural products are a relatively important product group along with products from forestry for the last two indicators. A considerable proportion of the environmental pressure occurs in Sweden, but when comparing those of domestic origin and that occurring internationally, the majority of all pressures for Swedish consumption occur abroad (except for land use). Other countries stand out as particularly important as origins of pressure for Swedish consumption, most notably China, which is among the top five countries for emissions to air, as well as blue water and material use. Other highly relevant countries or regions are Rest of Asia and Pacific (i.e. Asia and Pacific except Indonesia, Taiwan, Australia, India, South Korea, China and Japan), Russia, Germany as well as Denmark and Spain for certain product groups and environmental pressure combinations. This pattern of geographically spread pressures caused by Swedish consumption indicates the need for addressing the pressures at various levels of collaboration: national, within the European Union, bilateral and international.
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| 11. |
- Larsen, Rasmus Klocker, et al.
(author)
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Hybrid governance in agricultural commodity chains : Insights from implementation of 'No Deforestation, No Peat, No Exploitation' (NDPE) policies in the oil palm industry
- 2018
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 183, s. 544-554
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In agricultural commodity chains, companies with sizeable market shares are stepping up sustainability commitments through so-called 'No Deforestation, No Peat, No Exploitation' (NDPE) policies - yet the delivery is fraught with difficulties. Drawing on theories of hybrid public-private governance this paper explores how commodity chain actors themselves view the limitations of private regulation and the prospects for more effective supply-chain governance. As a case study, we present interview data from the palm oil commodity chains linking growers in Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, with retailers in Europe. The findings demonstrate awareness of shortcomings in existing arrangements and the need for a stronger presence of both the Indonesian state and European governments. We discuss potential hybrid governance measures, highlighting the need for a pluralistic strategy that mobilizes the combined positive forces of civil society, business and government(s). We argue that, to advance such an agenda, hybrid governance must be conceptualized not simply as a matter of blending (and hence reifying) preexisting and often highly problematic private and public institutions but as a question of how all such institutions may themselves be more thoroughly democratized in the process.
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| 12. |
- Palm, Viveka, et al.
(author)
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Environmental pressures from Swedish consumption – A hybrid multi-regional input-output approach
- 2019
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 228, s. 634-644
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has a policy goal of solving major environmental problems in Sweden within a generation, without increasing environmental or health problems in other countries. Following up this goal requires indicators for domestic and external footprints of Swedish consumption. This paper presents such macro-level indicators for the years 2008–2014.The new indicators are consistent with Swedish statistics from the System of Environmental-Economic Accounts. They combine a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) database, to capture the external components of Sweden's consumption, with national input-output, trade and environmental statistics. The hybrid MRIO-Sweden model provides a comprehensive environmental account for follow-up of the Generational Goal.This paper presents impacts from household consumption, government consumption and capital formation, covering emissions of greenhouse gases, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), land use, materials consumption, and blue water consumption.Except for land use, the majority (60% or more) of the environmental pressures due to consumption occurred outside Sweden in 2014; more than 90% of sulphur emissions and more than 80% of the water use fell abroad. The environmental pressures from consumption decreased over this period for all indicators (except materials consumption). This suggests an absolute decoupling between environmental pressure due to consumption and economic growth, which rose over the period. It is, however, too early to determine whether this is a genuine trend or a temporary stabilisation.
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