| 1. |
- Alammar, Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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The Technical, Economic, and Environmental Feasibility of a Bioheat-Driven Adsorption Cooling System for Food Cold Storing: A Case Study of Rwanda
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy. ; 258:124560, s. 1-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of a standalone adsorption cooling system that is thermally driven by biomass combustion and solar photovoltaic energy. The developed cooling package was benchmarked against a baseline vapour compression refrigeration system, driven by grid electricity and the widely investigated adsorption cooling system driven by solar heat. TRNSYS was utilised to imitate the integrated systems, investigate their performance throughout the year, and optimise their designs by employing the meteorological data for Rwanda and an existing cold room (13 m 2 floor area × 2.9 m height) as a case study. The optimisation study for the system revealed that maximum chiller performance (COP = 0.62), minimum biomass daily consumption (36 kg), and desired cold room setting temperature (10 °C) throughout the year can be achieved if the boiler setting temperature, heat storage size, and heating water flow rate are 95.13 °C, 0.01 m 3 and 601.25 Kg/h. An optimal PV area/battery size combination of 12 modules / 16 kWh was observed from the economic, environmental, and technical viewpoints.
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| 2. |
- Block, Keith I., et al.
(författare)
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Designing a broad-spectrum integrative approach for cancer prevention and treatment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Seminars in Cancer Biology. - : Academic Press. - 1044-579X .- 1096-3650. ; 35, s. S276-S304
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeted therapies and the consequent adoption of "personalized" oncology have achieved notable successes in some cancers; however, significant problems remain with this approach. Many targeted therapies are highly toxic, costs are extremely high, and most patients experience relapse after a few disease-free months. Relapses arise from genetic heterogeneity in tumors, which harbor therapy-resistant immortalized cells that have adopted alternate and compensatory pathways (i.e., pathways that are not reliant upon the same mechanisms as those which have been targeted). To address these limitations, an international task force of 180 scientists was assembled to explore the concept of a low-toxicity "broadspectrum" therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms. Using cancer hallmark phenotypes and the tumor microenvironment to account for the various aspects of relevant cancer biology, interdisciplinary teams reviewed each hallmark area and nominated a wide range of high-priority targets (74 in total) that could be modified to improve patient outcomes. For these targets, corresponding low-toxicity therapeutic approaches were then suggested, many of which were phytochemicals. Proposed actions on each target and all of the approaches were further reviewed for known effects on other hallmark areas and the tumor microenvironment Potential contrary or procarcinogenic effects were found for 3.9% of the relationships between targets and hallmarks, and mixed evidence of complementary and contrary relationships was found for 7.1%. Approximately 67% of the relationships revealed potentially complementary effects, and the remainder had no known relationship. Among the approaches, 1.1% had contrary, 2.8% had mixed and 62.1% had complementary relationships. These results suggest that a broad-spectrum approach should be feasible from a safety standpoint. This novel approach has potential to be relatively inexpensive, it should help us address stages and types of cancer that lack conventional treatment, and it may reduce relapse risks. A proposed agenda for future research is offered. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Decker, Jared E., et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide Patterns of Ancestry, Divergence, and Admixture in Domesticated Cattle
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 10:3, s. e1004254-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The domestication and development of cattle has considerably impacted human societies, but the histories of cattle breeds and populations have been poorly understood especially for African, Asian, and American breeds. Using genotypes from 43,043 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism markers scored in 1,543 animals, we evaluate the population structure of 134 domesticated bovid breeds. Regardless of the analytical method or sample subset, the three major groups of Asian indicine, Eurasian taurine, and African taurine were consistently observed. Patterns of geographic dispersal resulting from co-migration with humans and exportation are recognizable in phylogenetic networks. All analytical methods reveal patterns of hybridization which occurred after divergence. Using 19 breeds, we map the cline of indicine introgression into Africa. We infer that African taurine possess a large portion of wild African auroch ancestry, causing their divergence from Eurasian taurine. We detect exportation patterns in Asia and identify a cline of Eurasian taurine/indicine hybridization in Asia. We also identify the influence of species other than Bos taurus taurus and B. t. indicus in the formation of Asian breeds. We detect the pronounced influence of Shorthorn cattle in the formation of European breeds. Iberian and Italian cattle possess introgression from African taurine. American Criollo cattle originate from Iberia, and not directly from Africa with African ancestry inherited via Iberian ancestors. Indicine introgression into American cattle occurred in the Americas, and not Europe. We argue that cattle migration, movement and trading followed by admixture have been important forces in shaping modern bovine genomic variation.
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| 5. |
- Decker, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Co-opting Business Models at the Base of the Pyramid (BOP): Microentrepreneurs and Multinational Enterprises in Ghana
- 2023
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Ingår i: Business & Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 0007-6503 .- 1552-4205. ; 62:1, s. 151-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In African countries such as Ghana, microentrepreneurs make formal economy goods and services available to base of the pyramid (BOP) consumers. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) co-opt BOP business models when they enter the BOP market. We conducted a case study of six MNEs and 36 microentrepreneurs in three key sectors. In two sectors (fast-moving consumer goods and telecommunications), reverse bridging enables MNEs to capture value from BOP business models, which has a negative impact on both the financial and social capital of microentrepreneurs. In the third sector (finance), microentrepreneurs are buffered from the negative effects of co-optation through a process of integrating, which enhances their social capital but reduces their financial capital. Our research contributes to the BOP literature, first by demonstrating that financial and social capital are intertwined at the BOP level, and second by analyzing how the negative effects of co-optation can be cushioned by enhancing microentrepreneurs' social capital.
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| 6. |
- Decker, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Finding light in dark archives: Using AI to connect context and content in email
- 2022
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Ingår i: AI & Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0951-5666 .- 1435-5655. ; 37, s. 859-872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Email archives are important historical resources, but access to such data poses a unique archival challenge and many born-digital collections remain dark, while questions of how they should be effectively made available remain. This paper contributes to the growing interest in preserving access to email by addressing the needs of users, in readiness for when such collections become more widely available. We argue that for the content of email to be meaningfully accessed, the context of email must form part of this access. In exploring this idea, we focus on discovery within large, multi-custodian archives of organisational email, where emails’ network features are particularly apparent. We introduce our prototype search tool, which uses AI-based methods to support user-driven exploration of email. Specifically, we integrate two distinct AI models that generate systematically different types of results, one based upon simple, phrase-matching and the other upon more complex, BERT embeddings. Together, these provide a new pathway to contextual discovery that accounts for the diversity of future archival users, their interests and level of experience.
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| 7. |
- Decker, Stephanie
(författare)
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Introducing the eventful temporality of historical research into international business
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of World Business. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-9516. ; 57:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical research represents an alternative understanding of temporality that can contribute to greater meth-odological and theoretical plurality in international business (IB) research. Historians focus on the importance of events within their historical context and structure their accounts through periodisation, assume that the tem-poral distance between the past and present determines the temporal positionality of researchers, and seek to reconstruct past events through historical sources, which require critical interpretation. Historical research provides an alternative methodological approach to temporality, context, and distance with relevance to a range of IB theories.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Decker, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Special issue introduction : Historical research on institutional change
- 2018
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Ingår i: Business History. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 60:5, s. 613-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Both business historians and organisation studies scholars study institutional change to understand the interactions between business and society. However, research approaches differ fundamentally, with organisational research focusing on theory-driven explanations, whereas historical research is rather theory-informed. The consequence of such disciplinary orientation is that interdisciplinary conversations rarely occur. For this special issue, we invited submissions that address how historical research can contribute to our understanding of institutional change while demonstrating dual integrity' in terms of being significant pieces of historical research that provide us with new insights into historiography and at the same time addressing important theoretical concerns.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Nix, A., et al.
(författare)
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Enron and the California Energy Crisis: The Role of Networks in Enabling Organizational Corruption
- 2021
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Ingår i: Business History Review. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0007-6805 .- 2044-768X. ; 95:4, s. 765-802
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide an analytically structured history of Enron's involvement in the California energy crisis, exploring its emergence as a corrupt organization and its use of an interorganizational network to manipulate California's energy supply markets. We use this history to introduce the concept of network-enabled corruption, showing how corruption, even if primarily enacted by a single dominant organization, is often highly dependent on the support of other organizations. Specifically, we show how Enron combined resources from partner firms with its own capabilities, manipulating the energy market and capitalizing on the crisis. From a methodological point of view, our study emphasizes the growing importance of digital sources for historical research, drawing particularly on telephone and email records from the period to develop a rich, fly-on-the-wall understanding of a phenomenon that is otherwise hard to observe.
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| 13. |
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