SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Delsing Jerker 1957 ) "

Sökning: WFRF:(Delsing Jerker 1957 )

  • Resultat 1-50 av 90
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Acharya, Sarthak, et al. (författare)
  • An Additive Production approach for Microvias and Multilayered polymer substrate patterning of 2.5μm feature sizes
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: IEEE 70th Electronic Components and Technology Conference. - : IEEE. ; , s. 1304-1308
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Consumer electronics market is escalating towards the miniaturization and the use of HDI-PCBs is dominating. Thus, the production technologies are adapting the Semi-Additive process (SAP) or modified-SAP (mSAP) methods over conventional subtractive print-and-etch methods. Most of the Smartphone manufacturers are using Substrate-like PCB (SLP) with mSAP techniques to scale down the Lines and Spaces (L&S) on PCBs equivalent to ICs. However, those processes still involve subtractive patterning in the intermediate stages of fabrication. In this paper, a fully additive multi-layer patterning process using an electroless copper plating has been investigated. This patterning process is based on modifying a polymer surface by activating a seed layer of grafting polymer chains on it using optimized UV-Laser parameters. This surface modification enables a strong bonding of Copper (Cu) onto the modified surface by Cu-plating. Using a micrometer via laser ablation and subsequent sub-micrometer laser lithography a 2.5D surface pattern has been achieved with the proposed technique.So far, using the proposed additive production process the feature sizes of 2.5 μm L&S and via of diameter 10 μm have been achieved.The via ablation and pattering were done by using 266nm and 375nm laser sources respectively.The substrates used are standard FR4 material and a layer of polyurethane of thickness 35μm coated on top of it. Analysis of the process parameters and their optimization has been done by factorial design method using Design Expert 12.0 software to show their contribution and significance in the production process.
  •  
2.
  • Acharya, Sarthak (författare)
  • An SBU fully additive production approach for Board-level Electronics Packaging (SBU-CBM Method)
  • 2021
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The worldwide electronics market is focusing on developing innovative technologies that can lead to denser, more resilient, and tighter board-level integration. The consumer electronics market is trending toward miniaturization, with HDI-PCBs dominating. Electronics shrinking and scaling technology is the prime concern of all manufacturers. The PCBA industry is transforming its production practices which can reduce the solder joints, limit the usage of discrete and bulky components, reduce the packaging factor of printed boards by accommodating the maximum number of ICs, minimize the assembly span, optimize the latency, and so on. However, developments in production processes in the PCB manufacturing industry need more attention than those in  Silicon-based (ICs) fabrications. One of the issues in PCB fabrication is utilizing conventional metallization approaches. The majority of manufacturers continue to use standard Copper(Cu) laminates on the base substrate and lithography methods to shape the structures.In recent manufacturing technologies, semi-Additive process (SAP) or modified-SAP (mSAP) methods are being adopted to replace traditional subtractive print-and-etch procedures. To scale down the Lines and Spaces (L\&S) on PCBs comparable to that of IC-level, most smartphone makers use Substrate-like PCB (SLP) using mSAP methods. However, subtractive patterning has been used in the intermediate stages of fabrication in those methods. This thesis demonstrates a fully additive selective metallization-based production approach to bridge this technology gap between IC-level and board-level fabrications. The fabrication process has given the name 'Sequential Build-Up Covalent Bonded Metallisation' (SBU-CBM) method.This dissertation presents a new approach to Cu metallization using a significant step reducing-pattern-transfer process. The patterning method activates a seed layer of CBM polymer chains on a polymer surface with optimal UV-Laser settings. This surface modification enables a strong Copper (Cu) bonding onto the modified surface by Cu-plating. The suggested approach generated a 2.5D surface pattern using a micrometer via laser ablation and subsequent sub-micrometer laser lithography. Furthermore, the surface characterization of each step involved in the fabrication process is analysed and presented to show the sequential growth of layers on top of each other. To investigate the mechanism of the process at the interfaces, characterizations such as EDS, SEM, and XRD characterizations were performed. This PCB manufacturing method can selectively add metallic layers to the finest feature sizes at considerably lower temperatures. Overall, the thesis has addressed two critical aspects i.e. miniaturization of interconnects at board-level and the feasibility of a fully-additive production approach for electronics packaging.First, a subtractive method is shown to achieve Copper interconnects with feature size 3.0$\mu$m. This miniaturization corresponds to 70\% reduction in the feature size from 20 $\mu$m to 3 $\mu$m. Next, the proposed additive production process has produced Cu interconnects with feature sizes of 2.5 $\mu$m L\&S and via of diameter 10 $\mu$m. The scaling of the interconnects was achieved by optimizing the process parameters involved in the proposed fabrication recipe.Second, the sequential build-up (SBU) procedure is adopted to realize the embedded passives with the minimum possible feature size ($<$ 10 $\mu$m). An embedded capacitor and a planar inductor were fabricated. The proposed method can be employed to achieve any desirable pattern on FR-4, and a few of them are shown in the thesis. This additive technique can further be investigated through electrical and reliability assessment to make it an industrially accepted method.
  •  
3.
  • Acharya, Sarthak, et al. (författare)
  • Detailed Characterization of a Fully Additive Covalent Bonded PCB Manufacturing Process (SBU-CBM Method)
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI. - 2227-9717. ; 10:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To bridge the technology gap between IC-level and board-level fabrications, a fully additive selective metallization has already been demonstrated in the literature. In this article, the surface characterization of each step involved in the fabrication process is outlined with bulk metallization of the surface. This production technique has used polyurethane as epoxy resin and proprietary grafting chemistry to functionalize the surface with covalent bonds on an FR-4 base substrate. The surface was then metalized using an electroless copper (Cu) bath. This sequential growth of layers on top of each other using an actinic laser beam and palladium (Pd) ions to deposit Cu is analyzed. State-of-the-art material characterization techniques were employed to investigate process mechanism at the interfaces. Density functional theory calculations were performed to validate the experimental evidence of covalent bonding of the layers. This manufacturing approach is capable of adding metallic layers in a selective manner to the printed circuit boards at considerably lower temperatures. A complete analysis of the process using bulk deposition of the materials is illustrated in this work.
  •  
4.
  • Acharya, Sarthak, et al. (författare)
  • Fabrication Process for On-Board Geometries Using a Polymer Composite-Based Selective Metallization for Next-Generation Electronics Packaging
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI. - 2227-9717. ; 9:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Advancements in production techniques in PCB manufacturing industries are still required as compared to silicon-ICs fabrications. One of the concerned areas in PCBs fabrication is the use of conventional methodologies for metallization. Most of the manufacturers are still using the traditional Copper (Cu) laminates on the base substrate and patterning the structures using lithography processes. As a result, significant amounts of metallic parts are etched away during any mass production process, causing unnecessary disposables leading to pollution. In this work, a new approach for Cu metallization is demonstrated with considerable step-reducing pattern-transfer mechanism. In the fabrication steps, a seed layer of covalent bonded metallization (CBM) chemistry on top of a dielectric epoxy resin is polymerized using actinic radiation intensity of a 375 nm UV laser source. The proposed method is capable of patterning any desirable geometries using the above-mentioned surface modification followed by metallization. To metallize the patterns, a proprietary electroless bath has been used. The metallic layer grows only on the selective polymer-activated locations and thus is called selective metallization. The highlight of this production technique is its occurrence at a low temperature (20–45 °C). In this paper, FR-4 as a base substrate and polyurethane (PU) as epoxy resin were used to achieve various geometries, useful in electronics packaging. In addition, analysis of the process parameters and some challenges witnessed during the process development are also outlined. As a use case, a planar inductor is fabricated to demonstrate the application of the proposed technique.
  •  
5.
  • Acharya, Sarthak, et al. (författare)
  • Realization of Embedded Passives using an additive Covalent bonded metallization approach
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 2019 22nd European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference &amp; Exhibition (EMPC). - : IEEE.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Miniaturization is the call of the day. Electronics shrinking and scaling technology is the priority of all manufacturers. PCBA Industry is working towards the elimination of solder joints, reduction in use of discrete and bulky components, lowering of assemble span, minimized latency etc. Embedded passive technology is playing a significant role in this roadmap by providing better signal performance, reduced parasitic and crosstalk. In this work, the primary focus is to develop a cost-efficient and flexible fabrication methodology that will be suitable for bulk production. A sequential build up (SBU) procedure is adopted with an additive lithography process to realize the passives with minimum possible feature size (<; 10 μm). A low cost insulating material, promising grafting solution and Laser assisted writing machine with optimized fabrication parameters are the highlights of this production method. A Computer Aided Design (CAD) software i.e. clewin is used during this process to pattern the mask for the entire process. Covalent bonded metallization (CBM) is the key process for the adhesion of copper layer on the desired site of the pattern. In the CBM process, a polymer surface is modified by grafting. The position of the surface modification is optically defined using a laser lithography system. Such surface modified samples are, then treated in an electroless copper process. Resulting in copper metallization only at the locations with a CBM modified surface. The verification of the copper deposition on the substrate is investigated using a high-resolution microscope followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The confirmation of passive formation has been checked using kethley's source (electrical two-probe measurement). The first-order measured results showed the capacitance formed in the range of 0.3-8 pF. Further concrete measurements using standard methods are undergoing. One of the key advantage of this proposed process is its easiness and feasibility of at room temperature.
  •  
6.
  • Acharya, Sarthak, et al. (författare)
  • Scalability of Copper-Interconnects down to 3μm on Printed Boards by Laser-assisted-subtractive process
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of: 2019 IMAPS Nordic Conference on Microelectronics Packaging (NordPac). - : IEEE. ; , s. 17-20
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As per the latest roadmap of iNEMI, the global electronics market is emphasizing to identify disruptive technologies that can contribute towards denser, robust and tighter integration on the board level. Therefore, reduction in packaging factor of printed board can accommodate greater number of ICs to support miniaturization. This paper has shown an experimental method to pattern the metallic layer on a Printed circuit Board (PCB) to the smallest feature size. To investigate this, a commercially available FR-4 PCB with photosensitive material coat and a Copper (Cu) layer on it, is used. A reverse-mode Laser assisted writing is implemented to pattern the desired copper tracks. Soon after, a well-controlled development and chemical etching of the Laser-activated regions are done using Sodium Hydroxide solution followed by an aqueous solution of Sodium Persulfate. Current PCB interconnects used by the industries are of the order (~20 μm). Whereas the present work is a contribution towards achieving Copper interconnects with feature size 3.0μm. This miniaturization corresponds to 70% reduction in the feature size from 20 μm to 3μm. The natural adhesion of the Cu layer has remained intact even after the etching, shows the efficiency of the method adopted. Also, variation in the parameters such as etching time, etchant solution concentrations, temaperature, gain and exposure time of Laser beam and their corresponding effects are discussed. Other highlights of this subtractive method includes its cost-efficiency, lesser production time and repeatability.
  •  
7.
  •  
8.
  • Aziz, Abdullah, 1992- (författare)
  • Industrial IoT, Cyber-Physical Systems, and Digital Twins
  • 2021
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Industrial digitalization (Industry 4.0) is the digital transformation of industries in a connected environment of people, processes, services, systems, data, and industrial assets to realize smart industry and ecosystem of industrial innovation and collaboration. Three promising aspects of Industry 4.0 are Industrial IoT (IIoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), and Digital Twin (DT).There are challenges with these aspects. First, there are many generic IIoT stan-dards & frameworks that are alone insufficient in various industrial use-cases. Therefore, engineers must use many standards guidelines to design IIoT architectures from case to case. Second, systems deployed in industries based on different standards and tech-nologies that cannot inter-work with other systems, hence operating in isolation, so that gathering data for analysis, reporting, and decision-making is challenging. Third, in an Industrial-CPS (ICPS) environment, most of the embedded systems are resource con-straint battery-driven devices that are facing challenges such as a short life span due to high energy consumption, lower availability of the services, and low-security capabilities.The scope of this thesis is to research industrial digitalization on the above-mentioned aspects and challenges. First, we study general IIoT standards & frameworks and use them to synthesize a high-level IIoT architecture. As a use-case for verification and validation of the architecture, we specifically study the mining industry, since it is chal-lenging in terms of geographical distribution, infrastructural limitations in communi-cation, data management across different silos, storage, and exchange of information. Second, we study the ad hoc implementation of common models for integrating data between different isolated industrial systems. Most often companies build their ad hoc data integration models based on two architectural designs of Event-Driven Architecture (EDA) and Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). We conceptually compare and analyze the implementation of both models based on selected criteria essential in an industrial environment with the aim to provide guidelines to achieve data integration between het-erogeneous industrial systems according to their requirements. Third, we define critical properties for ICPS services and we define a digital twin as a proxy (DTaaP) architecture that can meet these properties.The contribution of this thesis includes the proposal of the high-level IIoT architecture suitable for the mining industry use-case, the conceptual analysis of the data integration models, and the concept of DTaaP for ICPS. DTaaP is a four-layer architectural model that provides valuable properties such as energy efficiency, high availability & state per-sistence, remote & contention control, and security. We present a generic proof of concept DTaaP implementation by using open source technologies.
  •  
9.
  • Aziz, Abdullah, 1992- (författare)
  • Virtualizing Operational Technology by Distributed Digital Twins
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Industrial digitalization, stemming from the convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT), is a transformative force in modern industries. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) empower industries with enhanced production processes, data-driven insights, and advanced automation. Accompanying these trends, digital twins bridge the gap between the physical and digital realms, promising dynamic representations of entities. This convergence holds great promise for fostering efficient and agile industrial ecosystems.However, amidst the promise, a series of challenges loom large across a multitude of domains. These challenges span a multitude of domains. The convergence of IT and OT engenders a spectrum of complexities, including interoperability issues, data integration dilemmas, and the imperative need to tackle the historical hardware-centricity of industrial systems. This includes enhancing energy efficiency and security in the digital realm and addressing fundamental issues within the fabric of modern industries.The scope of our research addresses these multifaceted challenges by encompassing three overarching research questions. The first explores the integration of IIoT architectures and data integration models, striving to augment interoperability and data exchange for industries, offering practical benefits. The second delves into the realm of ICPS and industrial automation, investigating how Digital Twins can optimize energy efficiency, security, and service availability. The third widens the horizon by examining the potential of distributed digital twins as proxies to foster composability and adaptability, bridge the physical-virtual gap, and meet the evolving needs of industrial IoT and cyber-physical systems.Our thesis unfolds with five key contributions, each addressing fundamental challenges in industrial digitalization. First, we present a synthesized IIoT architecture tailored for the mining industry, aligning seamlessly with IoT and Industry 4.0 standards and frameworks. Second, we explore data integration through service-based and event-driven communication models across industries. We provide a qualitative analysis of these models to present guidelines for designing data integration solutions according to needs.In the third contribution, we focus on digital twins for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) and introduce the concept of a digital twin as proxy. This concept enables the virtualization of tangible devices and assets from the OT domain to the IT domain. This contribution addresses energy efficiency, security, and service availability challenges. Building on this, our fourth contribution implements and integrates the concept of the digital twin as a proxy with the Eclipse Arrowhead Framework, extending its applicability to industrial automation and reinforcing our response to the second research question.Our fifth contribution further envisions the virtualization of the OT within IT. Grounded in service-oriented and microservice architectural principles, we propose the concept of purpose-oriented composable digital twins by utilizing distributed digital twins as proxies. This concept offers a forward-looking solution to address evolving needs. Together with the third and fourth contributions, our work ensures a comprehensive and forward-looking impact on the discourse of industrial digitalization.
  •  
10.
  • Bicaku, Ani, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Interacting with the arrowhead local cloud : On-boarding procedure
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrial automation systems are advancing rapidly and a wide range of standards, communication protocols and platforms supporting the integration of devices are introduced. It is therefore necessary to design and build appropriate tools and frameworks that allow the integration of devices with multiple systems and services. In this work we present the Arrow-head Framework, used to enable collaborative IoT automation and introduce two support core systems, SystemRegistry and DeviceRegistry, which are needed to create a chain of trust from a hardware device to a software system and its associated services. Furthermore, we propose an on-boarding procedure of a new device interacting with the Arrowhead local cloud. This ensures that only valid and authorized devices can host software systems within an Arrowhead local cloud.
  •  
11.
  • Bicaku, Ani, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Monitoring Industry 4.0 applications for security and safety standard compliance
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In Industry 4.0 independent entities shall inter-operate to allow flexible and customized production. To assure the parties that individual components are secured to inter-operate, we investigate automated standard compliance. The standard compliance is defined based on given sets of security and safety requirements from which are derived measurable indicator points. Those reflect configurations of systems recommended by security, safety or legally relevant standards and guidelines, which help to demonstrate the state of compliance. We propose in this paper an initial approach to automate such assessment when components are inter-operating with each other by using a monitoring and standard compliance verification framework. This will assure the parties that services or devices within their organizations operate in a secure and standard compliant way, without compromising the underlying infrastructure.
  •  
12.
  • Bicaku, Ani, DI, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Security Safety and Organizational Standard Compliance in Cyber Physical Systems
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Infocommunications Journal. - : Péter Nagy. - 2061-2079. ; XI:1, s. 2-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In Industry 4.0 independent entities should interoperate to allow flexible and customized production. To assure the parties that individual components are secured to inter-operate, we investigate automated standard compliance. The standard compliance is defined based on given sets of security and safety requirements for which measurable indicator points are derived. Those reflect configurations of systems recommended by security, safety or process management relevant standards and guidelines, which help to demonstrate the state of compliance. We propose in this paper an approach to automate such an assessment when components are inter-operating with each other by using a monitoring and standard compliance verification framework. The framework will assure the parties that services or devices within their organizations operate in a secure and standard compliant way, without compromising the underlying infrastructure.
  •  
13.
  • Bicaku, Ani, DI, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Security standard compliance and continuous verification for Industrial Internet of Things
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. - : Sage Publications. - 1550-1329 .- 1550-1477. ; 16:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Due to globalization and digitalization of industrial systems, standard compliance is gaining more attention. In order to stay competitive and remain in business, different sectors within industry are required to comply with multiple regulations. Compliance aims to fulfill regulations by including all measures imposed by laws and standards. Every device, application, or service implements several technologies at many levels, and standards support interoperability across them. They help to create global markets for industries and enable networked development in order to be successful and sustainable. This work highlights the importance of standard compliance and continuous verification in industrial Internet of Things and implements an automatic monitoring and standard compliance verification framework. In this work, we focus on security, safety, and organizational aspects of industrial Internet of Things. We identify a number of standards and best practice guidelines, which are used to extract security, safety, and organizational measurable indicator points. In addition, a metric model is provided that forms the basis for the necessary information needed for compliance verification, including requirements, standards, and metrics. Also, we present the prototype of the monitoring and standard compliance verification framework used to show the security compliance of an industrial Internet of Things use case.
  •  
14.
  • Bicaku, Ani, DI, 1988- (författare)
  • Security Standard Compliance in System of Systems
  • 2020
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The world we live in is becoming digitalized by transforming our society and economyin an unpredicted way. Digital technologies are transforming products, manufacturingassets, and entire supply chains. These technologies revolutionize how organisations en-gage with customers, other partners, and society depending on the ability to connectpeople, technology, and processes. Distributed services through different platforms, or-ganisations, and even regions are becoming very common with the digital transformationof industrial processes. More and more systems are being constructed by interconnectingexisting and new independent systems. The transformation from traditional and isolatedsystems to connected components in a System of Systems (SoS), provides many advan-tages such as flexibility, efficiency, interoperability, and competitiveness. While it is clearthat digital technology will transform most industries, there are a number of challengesto be addressed, especially in terms of standards and security.In the past, providing a secure environment meant isolation from external access andproviding physical protection, usually based on proprietary standards. Nowadays, withthe development of state-of-the-art technologies, these systems have to meet and provideproof of fulfilling several requirements and involving many stakeholders. Thus, to assurethat organisations can move towards this multi-stakeholder cooperation, security is one ofthe challenges that need to be addressed. With the increasing number of devices, systems,and services in these complex systems and the number of standards and regulationsthey should fulfill, the need for automated standard compliance verification is of utmostimportance. Such verification will ensure that the components included in their businessprocesses comply with the imposed standards, laws and regulations.The research presented in this thesis targets the automated and continuous standardcompliance verification in SoS. Standard compliance verification provides evidence thatprocesses and their components satisfy the requirements defined by national and interna-tional standards. The thesis proposes an automated and continuous standard complianceverification framework that provides evidence if SoS components fulfill security standards’requirements based on extracted measurable indicator points. Since these systems evolveover time, the standard compliance is verified in design time and continuously monitoredand verified during run time after the SoS has been deployed.
  •  
15.
  • Bicaku, Ani, DI, 1988-, et al. (författare)
  • Security Standard Compliance Verification in System of Systems
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: IEEE Systems Journal. - : IEEE. - 1932-8184 .- 1937-9234. ; 16:2, s. 2195-2205
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Standard compliance in system of systems (SoS) means complying with standards, laws, and regulations that apply to services from several sources and different levels. Compliance is a major challenge in many organizations because any violation will lead to financial penalties, lawsuits fines, or revocation of licenses to operate within specific industrial market. To support the business lifecycle, organizations also need to monitor the actual processes during run time and not only in their design time. Standard compliance verification is important in the lifecycle for reasons, such as detection of noncompliance as well as operational decisions of running processes. With the promotion of connectivity of systems, existing and new security standards can be employed but there are important aspects, such as technically measurable indicators, in the standards and automation of compliance verification that need to be addressed. This article presents an automated and continuous standard compliance verification framework used to check devices, systems, and services for standard compliance during secure onboarding and run time. In addition, a case study for the Eclipse Arrowhead framework is used to demonstrate the functionality of the standard compliance verification in SoS.
  •  
16.
  • Borngrund, Carl, 1992- (författare)
  • Automation of Navigation During the Short-loading Cycle Using Machine Vision
  • 2022
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Earth-moving machines are machines used in a wide range of industries, such as the construction industry, to perform tasks related to earthworks.Currently, the vast majority of earth-moving machines are human-operated where expert operators perform these industry vital tasks.One such task is the short-loading cycle which is a repetitive work cycle performed in high quantities within the construction industry.This work cycle aims to use a wheel-loader to move material from a pile or from the ground to the tipping body of a dump truck.Not only is this task repetitive and performed in high quantities, but it is also representative of the knowledge required to perform a wide set of other work cycles, hence a good candidate for automation.Skilled operators use their sensory input to perform the tasks required, such as tactile, sound and sight.One of the most important senses leveraged during normal operations is sight, as it is used to locate dynamic objects and detect dangers.Thus to be able to replace the driver of an earth-moving machine with an autonomous system, the system requires similar vision capabilities.Machine Vision is a field where the goal is to use some type of vision sensor, such as cameras, to extract relevant high-level information from images or video streams.This thesis aims to examine how machine vision can be used within the short-loading cycle to facilitate performing said work cycle autonomously.The main findings in this thesis are threefold: Firstly, two knowledge gaps are identified in the domain of automation during the short-loading cycle.These relate to the loading of heterogeneous material and navigation during loading and unloading.Secondly, we show that it is possible to train a deep learning model to detect the cab, wheels and tipping body of a scale-model dump truck while mimicking the approach towards the load carrier during the short-loading cycle.This model can then be applied to real vehicles to detect the same objects, with no additional training.Lastly, we show that linear interpolation can be used to perform semi-automatic labelling of camera-based video data of the approach of a wheel-loader towards a dump truck during the short-loading cycle.This technique decreases the annotation workload by around 95% while retaining comparable performance.The future direction of this work includes using techniques such as reinforcement learning to teach a model to perform the navigation required during the short-loading cycle.Future work also includes using world models to learn representations of underlying structures in the environment, open-ended learning to transfer the learned knowledge to adjacent work cycles and using machine vision to find the point of attack for scooping heterogeneous material.
  •  
17.
  • Borngrund, Carl, 1992- (författare)
  • Towards Deep-learning-based Autonomous Navigation in the Short-loading Cycle
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Earth-moving machines, such as wheel loaders, are a type of heavy-duty machinery used within the construction industry to perform vital tasks, such as digging, transporting, and mining applications. One of these tasks is the short-loading cycle, where an operator manoeuvres the wheel loader to move material from a pile to the tipping body of a dump truck, through navigation, scooping, and dumping. The short-loading cycle is a repetitive task performed in high quantities, often as part of a larger refinement process, making it interesting for automation.The main objective of this thesis work is to investigate challenges facing the automation of the short-loading cycle, focusing in particular on subtasks that can be efficiently addressed with deep learning methods. A secondary objective is to examine how alternative development paths, such as scale models, or simulations, can be used to enable data-driven automation of the short-loading cycle, as directly experimenting on real vehicles has a high associated cost when large numbers of timesteps are needed to gather enough data.To investigate the two objectives, the literature is systematically reviewed to identify research gaps, challenges, and the usage of deep learning techniques. Secondly, a set of deep learning techniques is investigated to address perception and actuation problems identified as challenging and important for the automation of the short-loading cycle.The investigation of deep learning techniques involves training and validating a realtime object detector neural network to identify key components (wheels, tipping body, and cab) on a scale model dump truck while testing on a real vehicle. This resulted in a localisation and classification degradation of only 14% between the scale model and the real dump truck, with no additional training. In addition, an examination to minimize the annotation workload of humans found that it is possible to decrease the workload by 95% while still retaining similar detection performance by leveraging linear interpolation.Lastly, this thesis presents an investigation regarding the usage of reinforcement learning for navigation during the short-loading cycle. The results indicate that training the agent in simulation is currently required as the agent obtains the maximum reward after timesteps in the order of millions before being capable of performing the task. The results suggest that the trained agent is capable of bridging the gap between simulation and reality to complete a simplified version of the navigation task during the short-loading cycle.The experiments presented in this thesis provide proof of concept that indicates deep learning techniques can aid in the realisation of an autonomous solution. Moreover, the results show that development paths allowing for experiments providing large numbers of timesteps can facilitate the practical use of such techniques.
  •  
18.
  • Carlsson, Oscar, et al. (författare)
  • Engineering of IoT automation systems
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IoT Automation. - Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press. - 9781498756754 - 9781498756761 ; , s. 161-211
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
  •  
19.
  • Chiquito, Alex, 1994- (författare)
  • Attribute-based Approaches for Secure Data Sharing in the Industry
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the Industry 4.0 era, secure and efficient data sharing is vital for innovation and operational enhancement. Industry 4.0 envisions a highly connected ecosystem where machines, devices, and stakeholders collaborate in real time to optimize processes, enhance productivity, and create new value propositions. However, this surge in data-driven collaboration brings forth a critical challenge, ensuring the secure and controlled sharing of sensitive information. As organizations embrace the potential of Industry 4.0, the need for robust mechanisms to achieve key data security properties of data integrity, confidentiality, and availability, while enabling efficient data exchange becomes paramount. However, while the promise of Industry 4.0 presents promising opportunities, it also introduces a set of challenges intrinsic to data security solutions. These solutions, while promising in providing fine-grained data security, introduce complexities such as administrative overhead and substantial management efforts for the users. Striking a balance between robust security and operational ease is critical for enabling seamless data exchange within the evolving landscape of Industry 4.0.This thesis explores the realm of Attribute-based approaches to achieve the desired secure data sharing, pivotal in the digitized Industry 4.0 environment.  An overarching objective is to achieve compatibility of these data-securing mechanisms with the Industry 4.0 paradigms through the usage of attribute-based approaches. This includes the exploration of the existing solutions within the state-of-the-art and its analysis in the context of usability and practicality for industrial adoption. Access control entails the establishment of policies and mechanisms to regulate who can access specific resources or information, under what conditions, and to what extent. The study will delve into various access control models and their applicability, with a particular emphasis on Attribute-Based Access Control. Moreover, through the creation of proofs-of-concepts implementations, we explore the usability of Attribute-based Access Control (ABAC) models and policy languages, applied to different aspects of the data-sharing process.  Manageability, user-friendliness, and fine-granularity of the access control were identified as key properties for the usability of data securing technologies in industry. Hence, discovering and addressing challenges for such properties is of special focus for this thesis. In addition, this thesis explores attribute-based encryption techniques, seeking to augment data security while minimizing additional operational complexities. Moreover, this thesis also explores the implications of third-party cloud services, popular in Industry 4.0 environments, as well as third-party stakeholder data sharing to motivate the need to ensure both in-transit and at-rest data security.This thesis makes significant contributions in the domain of secure data sharing in Industry 4.0. First, it contextualizes access control within the broader data security landscape and explores state-of-the-art Attribute-Based Access Control policy languages. The research designs, evaluates, and automates ABAC models to address fine-granularity and manageability gaps, with a focus on user-friendliness for industrial adoption. Furthermore, it proposes and implements an automated management solution for integrating new data sources in Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) industrial data-sharing applications, within the Eclipse Arrowhead Framework. This includes the innovative proposal of contractual automation of access control policies to enhance efficiency and security. Moreover, the research delves into the realm of attribute-based encryption approaches, conducting a state-of-the-art exploration and gap analysis, with a special focus on uncovering the adoption barriers associated with this technology.  Lastly, the thesis designs, implements, and evaluates an ABAC-Enabled ABE solution architecture, covering the discovered gaps, and offering an expressive and user-friendly approach to secure data sharing. These contributions collectively advance the field of data security and access control in the context of Industry 4.0 and similar evolving industrial landscapesThe research indicated that Attribute-based approaches hold promise for practical data protection at rest through access control mechanisms, especially within fine-grained policies. The study explores ABAC in a graph-based policy language, Next-generation Access Control (NGAC), showcasing its potential for reducing administrative workload related to policy management. Simplified policy creation and expression enhance the ease of model implementation. These insights extend to ABE, highlighting the value of delegating attribute management for reduced administrative complexity and improved expressiveness within ABE schemes. This approach allows for automation techniques developed for ABAC policy management to be translated into ABE schemes. 
  •  
20.
  • Chiquito, Eric (författare)
  • Decentralized Negotiations and Data Storage for the Circular Economy
  • 2024
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The shift from traditional modes of operation characterized by manual or analog processes to digitalization represents a fundamental transformation in the way business manage their processes and interact with their customers. Digitalization brings refinement of existing workflows, improved efficiency, enhanced customer experience, and better collaboration within ecosystems. This benefits circularity and reusability, reduces the environmental impact and helps streamlining the supply chain process.The collaboration between diverse organizations with varying data requirements highlights the importance of both political and architectural decentralization as interacting parties may be cautious about sharing sensitive data or entrusting a third party with its processing. Political decentralization eliminates the need for a governing authority to establish trust among collaborating organizations. Architectural decentralization distributes data storage across various actors and defines and enforces access rights and ownership while simultaneously improving security by eliminating a single point of failure. Lately, blockchain systems using Smart Contracts have emerged as a popular approach for achieving decentralization. However, while these implementations offer decentralization, they may not always be the most efficient solution for decentralized systems.This doctoral thesis delves into the digitalization of existing systems, with a focus on decentralized negotiation mechanisms, data storage, and circularity. The work investigates how decentralized systems can effectively represent highly interconnected data to facilitate bidirectional traversal of relationships and proposes a proof-of-concept (PoC) implementation using Interplanetary File System. This work is extended to the realm of sustainability by examining digital product passports, showcasing their role in ensuring traceability and accountability throughout product lifecycles. An analysis of the state-of-the-art blockchain approaches for transitioning electronic auctions toward decentralized systems is presented. Based on this, a system design for a decentralized auction system based on blockchain and a PoC implementation using Hyperledger Fabric are proposed. Finally, the digitalization of agreements for the automatic representation of rights and obligations in price-only and multi-attribute electronic auctions and data sharing is analyzed.The main contributions of this thesis are (1) The use of state-of-the-art decentralized technologies for the bidirectional traceability of highly interconnected data in the context of sustainability. 2) The analysis and implementation of decentralized open-cry auction systems using blockchain technologies. (3) The use of Ricardian contracts for the representation of rights and obligations in electronic auctions and data sharing.
  •  
21.
  • Dadhich, Siddharth, 1987- (författare)
  • Automation of Wheel-Loaders
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Automation and tele-remote operation of mobile earth moving machines is desired for safety and productivity reasons. With tele-operation and automation, operators can avoid harsh ergonomic conditions and hazardous environments with poor air quality, and the productivity can in principle be improved by saving the time required to commute to and from work areas. Tele-remote operation of a wheel-loader is investigated and compared with manual operation, and it is found that the constrained perception of the machine is a challenging problem with remote operations. Real-time video transmission over wireless is difficult, but presents a way towards improving the remote operator’s quality of experience. To avoid glitches in the real-time video, arising from variable wireless conditions, the use of SCReAM (Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation for Multimedia) protocol is proposed. Experiments with a small scale robot over LTE show the usefulness of SCReAM for time-critical remote control applications. Automation of the bucket-filling step in the loading cycle of a wheel-loader has been an open problem, despite three decades of research. To address the bucket-filling problem, imitation learning has been applied using expert operator data, experiments are performed with a 20-tonne Volvo L180H wheel-loader and an automatic bucket-filling solution is proposed, developed and demonstrated in field-tests. The conducted experiments are in the realm of small data (100 bucket-filling examples), shallow time-delayed neural-network (TDNN), and a wheel-loader interacting with a non-stationary pile-environment. The total delay length of the TDNN model is found to be an important hyperparameter, and the trained and tuned model comes close to the performance of an expert operator with slightly longer bucket-filling time. The proposed imitation learning trained on medium coarse gravel succeeds in filling buckets in a gravel cobble pile. However, a general solution for automatic bucket-filling needs to be adaptive to possible changes in operating conditions. To adapt an initial imitation model for unseen operating conditions, a reinforcement learning approach is proposed and evaluated. A deterministic actor-critic algorithm is used to update actor (control policy) and critic (policy evaluation) networks. The experiments show that by use of a carefully chosen reward signal the models learns to improve and maximizes bucket weights in a gravel-cobble pile with only 40 bucket-filling trials. This shows that an imitation learning based bucket-filling solution equipped with a reinforcement learning agent is well suited for the continually changing operating conditions found in the construction industry. The results presented in this thesis are a demonstration of the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods for the operation of construction equipment. Wheel-loader OEMs can use these results to develop an autonomous bucket-filling function that can be used in manual, tele-remote or fully autonomous operations.
  •  
22.
  •  
23.
  • Delsing, Jerker, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Arrowhead Framework core systems and services
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IoT Automation. - Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press. - 9781498756754 - 9781498756761 ; , s. 89-138
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
  •  
24.
  • Delsing, Jerker, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Concepts and Architecture for a Thumb-Sized Smart IoT Ultrasound Measurement System
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: IEEE Ultrasonic Symposium 2016. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781479981823 - 9781467398978
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents the technology concepts for a “thumb”-sized self-contained ultrasonic IoT measurement sys- tem. An overall architecture is proposed, and key elements are discussed with solutions using existing technology, thus arguing that realization is possible with the current technology.Such an ultrasonic IoT measurement system is constrained by its size and available energy, although it requires at least decent computational and communication resources. Because streaming data from such a device is not advisable from an energy viewpoint, there is a need for resource efficient (energy, memory and computational power) data analysis.An architecture with the following parts as well as some implementation details and performance data are proposed here:Energy supply, battery and super capacitorTransducer excitation achieving almost zero electrical lossesEvent detection sensor interfaceData aggregation using sparse approximation and learnedfeature dictionaries, adapted to resource constrained em-bedded systemsIoT communication protocols and implementations enablingevent -based communication and System of Systems integra- tion capabilitiesThe optimization of system level performance requires each subsystem to be optimized for the specific measurement situation taking into account the subsystem interdependencies. This can be performed using a combined electrical and acoustical model of the system. Here, the model allowing electronic and acoustic co-simulation using SPICE is an important tool bridging the electronic and acoustic domains. 
  •  
25.
  • Delsing, Jerker, 1957- (författare)
  • Evolutionary Architecture and Engineering Concepts for Very Large-scale Sensor-based Solutions (Invited Paper)
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE SENSORS 2019. - : IEEE.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The design and engineering of solutions based on sensor data is currently based on legacy low-level sensor communication. The transition to IoT-based sensors has started to provide IP-based sensor communication based on service concepts. This requires radically different solution architectures and the associated engineering process. Here, IoT sensors will provide services instead of a communication interface, as a means of integrating into application solutions. It is further anticipated that the size of the solution will reach well beyond that of the current legacy automation implementations.This paper addresses architectural concepts for very large-scale SoS- and IoT-based solutions. Architecture concepts and their associated engineering concepts are considered. IoT and SoS evolvability, run-time dynamics, scalability and segmentation, run-time engineering, self-engineering, self-mitigation, and machine-to-machine business are some examples of such concepts. These concepts must be coupled with the requirements such as the management of IoT/SoS solution functionality, security, safety, maintenance, and evolution.
  •  
26.
  • Delsing, Jerker, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Local automation clouds
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IoT Automation. - Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press. - 9781498756754 - 9781498756761 ; , s. 27-40
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
  •  
27.
  • Delsing, Jerker, 1957- (författare)
  • Smart City Solution Engineering
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: SMART CITIES. - : MDPI. - 2624-6511. ; 4:2, s. 643-661
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Many smart city applications have been proposed and demonstrated over the years; however, moving to large-scale deployment is still scarce. A contributing factor to this scarcity is the lack of well-established engineering methodologies for large-scale smart city applications. This paper addresses engineering methodologies and tools for large-scale smart city application engineering, implementation, deployment, and evolution. A model-based engineering approach based on IoT, SOA, and SysML is proposed and applied to a smart streetlight application. Engineering considerations for streetlight area enlargement and updated technology generations with additional capabilities are discussed. The proposed model-based engineering approach provides considerable scaling simplifications and opportunities for considerable savings on engineering costs. The model-based engineering approach also provides good documentation that enables technology evolution specifications that support both maintenance and emerging behaviours.
  •  
28.
  • Delsing, Jerker, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • SysML modeling of service-oriented system-of-systems
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering. - : Springer Nature. - 1614-5046 .- 1614-5054. ; 20:3, s. 269-285
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The success of the ongoing fourth industrial revolution largely depends on our ways to cope with the novel design challenges arising from a combination of an enormous increase in process and product complexity, as well as the expected autonomy and self-organization of complex and diverse industrial hardware-software installments, often called systems-of-systems. In this paper, we employ the service-oriented architectural paradigm, as materialized in the Eclipse Arrowhead framework, to represent modern systems engineering principles and their open structural principles and, thus, relevance to flexible and adaptive systems. As for adequately capturing the structural aspect, we propose using model-based engineering techniques and, in particular, a SysML-based specialization of systems modeling. The approach is illustrated by a real-life use-case in industrial automation.
  •  
29.
  • Delsing, Jerker, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • The Arrowhead Framework architecture
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IoT Automation. - Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press. - 9781498756754 - 9781498756761 ; , s. 43-88
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
  •  
30.
  • Delsing, Jerker, 1957- (författare)
  • Towards industrial and societal automation and digitisation
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: IoT Automation. - Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press. - 9781498756754 - 9781498756761 ; , s. 1-25
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The need for new technology High level topics in today’s society are sustainability, flexibility, efficiency, and competitiveness. These in turn are driven by big societal questions like environmental sustainability, availability of energy and other raw materials, and rapidly changing market trends. We find several trends that in different ways requirements. Another is learning from previous products, other parts of the value chain, the life cycle of the product and the product or service production process itself. 
  •  
31.
  • Derhamy, Hasan, et al. (författare)
  • System of System Composition based on Decentralized Service Oriented Architecture
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: IEEE Systems Journal. - : IEEE. - 1932-8184 .- 1937-9234. ; 13:4, s. 3675-3686
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As society has progressed through periods of evolution and revolution, technology has played a key role as an enabler. In the same manner, mechanical machines of the 1800s drove the industrial revolution, now digitalized machines are driving another industrial revolution. Manufacturers are increasing the digital footprint on the factory floor. It is challenging to harness the vast amounts of data generated, stored, analyzed, archived, and returned. Data centralization has several well-known challenges, such as collection bottlenecks, secure retrieval, single point of failure, and data scheme fragility as data heterogeneity increases. This paper proposes a method of information distribution based on the principle of data at its source . It proposes that contextual data be used at runtime through the creation of dynamic queries that build compositions of different systems. Such system of systems (SoS) compositions handle the flow of data across its life cycle and present it as information to the initiating system. The proposal starts by creating a graph model of the Arrowhead framework. Then, building on the graph model, the query-based approach for specifying, validating, and forming the SoS is proposed. The proposed graph model allows for unambiguous description of systems and their interrelations, including security relations. The proposed composer operates on the edge computing hardware and gives the production floor the ability to extract information without impacting the overall operation of the factory.
  •  
32.
  • Derhamy, Hasan, et al. (författare)
  • Workflow management for edge driven manufacturing systems
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The fourth industrial revolution is one of digitization. As manufacturers build more digital equipment into their process harnessing the potential becomes a challenge. ISA 95 based manufacturers rely on top down decision making, with redundant flow of information in order to organize Workflows on the factory floor. With advances in edge computing and smart objects, more decision are made at lower levels of the infrastructure hierarchy. However, how can the MES tracking and execution functions be decentralized while maintain an organized collaboration of smart objects? This paper proposes a Cyber Physical Service Oriented System of Systems operating on edge computing. There are three systems proposed here; Smart Product, Workflow Manager and Workflow Executor. These systems operate within Arrowhead Local Clouds and create a fully autonomous set of system to complete a production order. Planning, Supply chain and Quality of Service monitoring are out of scope and remain as centralized activities. The Smart Product is the core Cyber Physical System that must be context-aware in order to pass the correct Workflow information to the Workflow System responsible for current activities.
  •  
33.
  • Garcia Represa, Jaime, 1994-, et al. (författare)
  • Autonomous Production Workstation Operation, Reconfiguration and Synchronization
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Procedia Manufacturing. - : Elsevier. - 2351-9789. ; 39, s. 226-234
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The decoupling of production line’s workstations and its equipment from the higher layers in an automation architecture has thepotential to provide the following benefits: 1. Dynamic workstation reconfiguration; 2. Autonomous synchronization of workstationequipment; 3. Autonomous workstation operation.Each of these benefits will improve the automation flexibility at each workstation and for the whole production line.Introducing IoT equipment into workstations and making use of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) fundamentals such as lookup,late binding and loose coupling are shown here to provide the above benefits. In addition, the cost of such an implementationand deployment seems to be significantly less than the comparable cost for legacy technology.An implementation, using the SOA approach on a workstation, at the Volvo Trucks production facility in Gothenburg was madepossible thanks to the Arrowhead framework, which has been shown to provide all three listed improvements.The analysis of the above-mentioned demonstration clearly shows how the workstation reconfiguration is made simple usingthe arrowhead ServiceRegistry system. Autonomous synchronization is achieved through the look-up and late binding capabilitiesprovided by the arrowhead Orchestration system in cooperation with the ServiceRegistry system. Finally, autonomous workstationoperation is provided through the support of the arrowhead Workflow Manager and Workflow Executor systems.All these benefits were achieved at a significantly reduced cost compared to comparable legacy implementation.
  •  
34.
  • Garcia Represa, Jaime, 1994-, et al. (författare)
  • Manufacturing workflows in microservice architectures supporting digital transactions for business process automation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Intelligent and Transformative Production in Pandemic Times: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Production Research. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031186400 - 9783031186417 ; , s. 113-126
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Manufacturing systems are in the middle of a digital transformation. As systems in the assembly line are upgraded into cyber-physical systems (CPSs), capable of communicating between each other and carrying out complex computational tasks, the need for tight centralized control from an enterprise resource planning (ERP) and manufacturing execution system (MES) is less vital. In fact, not only manufacturing processes follow the trend toward decentralization and are moved to the edge layer. Other business processes along the supply chain have the potential to follow the digitalization process, such as procurement and supply flow management. This evolution brings new opportunities and challenges to the field. On the opportunity side, we identify shorter cycle times from product design to production, flexible production systems and multi-stakeholder production. Among the associated challenges, the collaboration of product, production, and business aware edge assets in multi-stakeholder environments stands out. This work proposes a new architecture for smart factories, in an environment where the products, supply stations and manufacturing equipment are controlled by different stakeholders. Requested manufacturing operations and supply flow are generated from machine-to-machine (M2M) negotiated business agreements between pairs of involved stakeholders. The manufacturing workflows are created and managed at each production workstation based on the smart product’s needs. Operations and supply flow progress is logged in distributed ledgers for the involved pairs of stakeholders, providing non-repudiation and immutable data on the M2M business agreement. The proposed architecture enables the automation of business processes providing benefits in terms of decreased transaction time and cost.
  •  
35.
  • Garcia Represa, Jaime, 1994-, et al. (författare)
  • Workflow management solutions based on microservices
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2644-1284.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In an era ruled by data and information, workflows are the tools used by engineers to obtain precise control over their factory equipment and Information Technology (IT) services. The study of workflows differentiates two kinds: scientific workflows, focus on the data-flow, and business workflows, task and control-flow oriented. In this work we focus on the latter type, studying and comparing various workflow management approaches, the systems used to monitor and execute workflows. The development inside the Arrowhead framework has lead to different alternatives for workflow management and execution, some closer to the original business process field where the term workflow management originated, while others deal with lower-level systems, the kind of cyber-physical systems that will populate factories in the forthcoming Industry 4.0
  •  
36.
  • Garcia Represa, Jaime, 1994- (författare)
  • Workflows in Microservice Based System of Systems
  • 2022
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Social welfare has grown along with the developments of innovative technologies to ease manual work and provide affordable goods for everyone. Advances in science require time to reach practical use. However, when their impact is such as to reshape society, their industrial adoption is accelerated and they become part of modern history. The greatest milestones in the manufacturing domain are represented by the industrial revolutions, which offered an answer to the manufacturing requirements of their time and pushed humankind forward. Currently, at the dawn of the third industrial revolution, society demands products with the same quality and variety as those formerly produced by craftsmen, but now with the price, manufacturing time, and quantity for mass production.As a response to the demand for the mass customization of products, the industry is leveraging the adoption of new technologies in order to upgrade its manufacturing processes. Although industrial production systems have been controlled through embed-ded systems for a long time, the key for disruptive changes came with the advent of digital communications, in what has been coined Internet of Things (IoT). The virtual management of devices has become more relevant, and added to the complexity of ma-chine’s behavior interdependence with the real physical process, it presents a new field of researched captured in the concept of Cyber-Physical System (CPS).The addition of myriad of new devices with the presented capabilities paves the way to a new industrial revolution, denoted Industry 4.0. However, it will be a futile effort as current engineers lack the ability to manage a vast number of complex devices, handle the quantity of data provided, or use the information in advantageous business decisions. Manufacturing systems in a factory are controlled according to an automation architec-ture. Unfortunately, the current ISA-95 standard model adopted by the industry does not cope with modern requirements and constrains the adoption of recent technologies.In this thesis, we explore solutions to the problem of management and integration of heterogeneous software systems, focused on production and grouped in dynamic System of Systems (SoS), framed in the context of Industry 4.0. This work presents an archi-tectural approach to distribute and automate the functionality concentrated in ISA-95 centralized systems into lines of autonomous production workstations on the shop floor. Our solution is based upon the workflow technology, which has been expanded to model and automate many business processes. Specifically, we target the use of manufacturing workflows implemented through microservices, to be provided by shop floor production equipment. As part of the solution, we have implemented two software systems to add support for workflows to a microservice architecture.
  •  
37.
  • Hartman, Andreas (författare)
  • Electromagnetic Modeling with Complex Dielectrics : A Partial Element Equivalent Circuit Approach
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Wireless communication systems have become an integral part of many complex systems in diverse areas of society, for the exchange of data in business and industrial settings. With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor network architectures, the tighter demands on interoperability between different devices are putting heavy requirements their ability to exchange data wirelessly among them reliably. However, many environments pose a challenging setting for a wireless communication system to operate within. Consequently, electromagnetic modeling could be used as a crucial part of the analysis and design of a wireless communication system in these environments.In this thesis, means for the electromagnetic modeling of complex materials are considered. Specifically, the incorporation of dielectrics that exhibit loss, dispersion, and anisotropic properties into electromagnetic codes is addressed. The work has been executed within the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method framework.First, a PEEC implementation that incorporates dispersive and lossy dielectrics, represented by equivalent circuit models explicitly included in the PEEC equations, is developed. This provides a descriptor system form of the PEEC model that includes dielectrics with permittivities that can be represented as finite sums of Debye and Lorentz permittivity models and can be integrated by any time integration scheme of choice. Additionally, the description admits the application of model-order reduction techniques, reducing the model complexity of a large-scale PEEC model that consists of frequency-dispersive dielectrics.Next, the incorporation of anisotropic dielectrics in PEEC simulations is considered. A PEEC cell for anisotropic dielectrics, with a general permittivity tensor, is derived. It turns out to be an extension of the standard dielectric PEEC cell for an isotropic dielectric by adding a voltage-dependent current source in parallel with the excess capacitance of the dielectric cell. A cross-coupling excess capacitance concept that defines the dependent current source for the anisotropic PEEC cell is defined and given for orthogonal PEEC meshes. As a result, the PEEC cell for an anisotropic dielectric is possible to extend to handle lossy and dispersive anisotropic dielectrics straightforwardly. The developed PEEC model has been applied to model a patch antenna mounted on an anisotropic substrate. The simulation results are in agreement with other simulation technique results. Consequently, the anisotropic model permits electromagnetic modeling of structures and devices that consist of a broader class of materials.The modeling of dielectrics in different ambient temperature conditions is also considered for the PEEC analysis of its impact on antennas. Dielectrics with temperature dependent permittivity have been modeled with PEEC by standard approaches found in the literature. This has proved useful for frequency-domain simulations in PEEC. The utility has been demonstrated by investigating the impact due to temperature-dependent dielectrics on printed antennas. These types of investigations could provide valuable in-formation in the design of printed antennas in harsh environments.Finally, the problem of designing magneto-dielectric materials that intrinsically provide distortionless propagation for TEM mode signals is investigated. The frequency dependent permittivity and permeability of a slab are related to the per-unit length (p.u.l.) parameters of a two-conductor transmission line. The p.u.l. parameters are specified to approximate the Heaviside condition in a specified and finite frequency interval, while simultaneously enforcing that the corresponding permittivity and permeability represent a passive material. Consequently, the passivity condition ensures the designed material is possible to realize in practice while the Heaviside condition secures that the material is distortionless. The design method has been employed to design a passive material that approximates the Heaviside condition in a narrow frequency interval. Verification in both time and frequency domains indicates that the designed material closely resembles a distortionless material in the specified frequency interval. These results indicate that an approximation of the Heaviside condition could be a potential aid in the design of distortionless materials for bandlimited applications. Further investigations on design method improvements, limitations on the approximation in terms of both accuracy and bandwidth, and the construction of such materials in practice could lead to new distortionless cable or material designs.
  •  
38.
  • Häggström, Fredrik, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Energy harvesting from raceway strain in rolling element bearings
  • Ingår i: Sensors. - 1424-8220.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper presents how strain in rolling element bearings can be utilized to power embedded systems. Mechanical strain can be converted to the electrical domain by using piezoelectric materials; here, we present how piezoelectric patches should be dimensioned and mounted to optimize power output. Previous work has not addressed how repetitive strain in bearings can be used to harvest energy. Simulation data from the SKFtool BEAST are analyzed together with linear piezoelectricity to extract the power output. In the simulated case, results show that piezoelectric patches can be used to power embedded systems and that sensory data can be extracted to monitor the bearings.
  •  
39.
  • Häggström, Fredrik, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • IoT Energy Storage : A Forecast
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Energy Harvesting and Systems. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 2329-8766 .- 2329-8766 .- 2329-8774. ; 5:3/4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Exponential growth in computing, wireless communication, and energy storage efficiency is key to allowing smaller and scalable IoT solutions. These advancements have made it possible to power devices from energy harvesters (EH) and explore other energy storage solutions that can increase the lifetime and robustness of IoT devices. We summarize current trends and limits for the current paradigm as the basis of our forecast. The trend shows that conventional ceramic capacitors are sufficient for energy storage for today’s EH powered wireless IoT devices and that in the future, IoT devices can either perform more advanced tasks with their current volume or be shrunk in size.
  •  
40.
  • Häggström, Fredrik, 1984- (författare)
  • Robust energy management for IoT machine elements
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Advancements in semiconductor technology have reached the point at which ambient energy in the surrounding environment can power sensors and microprocessors. This capability enables new strategies for energy management, which are necessary to continue the sensorization of our environment. With the vast amount of interconnected devices and the rate at which the number of such devices is increasing, there is a need to power resource-constrained devices through means other than disposable batteries. Harvesting ambient energy from the surroundings of the device is one solution to this challenge. It has been estimated that the global demand for bearings will reach 104.5 billion dollars in 2018 with an annual increase of 7.3%. Bearings are mechanical parts that are essential for rotating machinery and that have the potential to measure and monitor vital parts of a machine. A scenario in which bearings contain embedded electronics to monitor process and health parameters that can be analyzed on site and collected from remote locations is a crucial motivator for this thesis. The investigated technologies should be applicable in dirty and encapsulated industrial environments; therefore, vibrational and rotational kinetic energies are considered in this thesis. For each energy source, both the physics and the associated electronics are modeled and to some extent experimentally verified. Vibration harvesters are investigated and modeled in SPICE to verify performance gains using a novel circuit for nonlinear power extraction for piezoelectric materials. The simulations revealed that a weak coupling from the electrical system to the mechanical system would greatly benefit nonlinear extraction techniques. Such a weakly coupled system can be created in a bearing. Mechanical load and rotation generate cyclic strain in the bearing's raceway; the cyclic strain can be utilized by applying piezoelectric patches to the raceway to power embedded systems, and sensory information from the piezoelectric patch can also be used to monitor the bearing. Finally, trends and limits for the energy costs of computing, communication and data acquisition are investigated to determine suitable energy storage technologies to combine with the advancements in energy harvesting for machine elements such as rolling element bearings. The results indicate that high integration between the mechanical and electrical parts is desired, which, in combination with capacitive energy storage, appears to be the long-term direction for real-world implementations. 
  •  
41.
  • Imani, Roghayeh, et al. (författare)
  • A Fully Additive Approach for the Fabrication of Split-Ring Resonator Metasurfaces
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings: IEEE 72nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC 2022). - : IEEE. - 9781665479431 ; , s. 1834-1840
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Metasurfaces, as a two-dimensional (2D) form of metamaterial, offer the possibility of designing miniaturized antennas for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting systems with high efficiency, but fabrication of these antennas is still a major challenge. Printed circuit board (PCB) lithography, utilizing subtractive etch-and-print techniques to create metal interconnects on PCBs, was the first technique used to create metasurfaces antennas and remains the dominant technique to this day. The development of large-area fabrication techniques that are flexible, precise, uniform, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly is urgently needed for creating next-generation metasurfaces antenna. The present study reports a new fully additive manufacturing method for the fabrication of copper split-ring resonator (SRR) arrays on a PCB as a planar compact metasurfaces antenna. This new method was developed by combining sequential build up (SBU), laser direct writing (LDW), and covalent bonded metallization (CBM) methods and called (SBU-CBM). In this method, standard FR-4 covered with a layer of polyurethane was used as a basic PCB. The polymer surface was coated with a grafting molecule, followed by LDW to pattern the SRR array on the PCB. Finally, in electroless plating, only the laser-scanned area was selectively plated, and copper covalent bond metallization was selectively plated on the SRR pattern. Copper SRR arrays with different sizes were successfully fabricated on PCB using the SBU-CBM method. Copper strip lines within the SRR repeating building block were miniaturized up to 5 μm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the smallest size of a PCB antenna that has been reported to date.
  •  
42.
  • Javed, Salman, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • A Smart Manufacturing Ecosystem for Industry 5.0 using Cloud-based Collaborative Learning at the Edge
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium. - : IEEE. - 9781665477178 - 9781665477161
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the modern manufacturing industry, collaborative architectures are growing in popularity. We propose an Industry 5.0 value-driven manufacturing process automation ecosystem in which each edge automation system is based on a local cloud and has a service-oriented architecture. Additionally, we integrate cloud-based collaborative learning (CCL) across building energy management, logistic robot management, production line management, and human worker Aide local clouds to facilitate shared learning and collaborate in generating manufacturing workflows. Consequently, the workflow management system generates the most effective and Industry 5.0-driven workflow recipes. In addition to managing energy for a sustainable climate and executing a cost-effective, optimized, and resilient manufacturing process, this work ensures the well-being of human workers. This work has significant implications for future work, as the ecosystem can be deployed and tested for any industrial use case.
  •  
43.
  • Javed, Salman, 1982-, et al. (författare)
  • An approach towards demand response optimization at the edge in smart energy systems using local clouds
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Smart Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2666-9552. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The fourth and fifth industrial revolutions (Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0) have driven significant advances in digitalization and integration of advanced technologies, emphasizing the need for sustainable solutions. Smart Energy Systems (SESs) have emerged as crucial tools for addressing climate change, integrating smart grids and smart homes/buildings to improve energy infrastructure. To achieve a robust and sustainable SES, stakeholders must collaborate efficiently through an energy management framework based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Demand Response (DR) is key to balancing energy demands and costs. This research proposes an edge-based automation cloud solution, utilizing Eclipse Arrowhead local clouds, which are based on Service-Oriented Architecture that promotes the integration of stakeholders. This novel solution guarantees secure, low-latency communication among various smart home and industrial IoT technologies. The study also introduces a theoretical framework that employs AI at the edge to create environment profiles for smart buildings, optimizing DR and ensuring human comfort. By focusing on room-level optimization, the research aims to improve the overall efficiency of SESs and foster sustainable energy practices.
  •  
44.
  • Javed, Salman, 1982- (författare)
  • Approach Towards Engineering Microservice-Oriented Composable Ecosystems for Smart Industries
  • 2023
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The emergence of smart and integrated industrial ecosystems is replacing traditional manufacturing, where operations are more digitalized and automated. For communication and cooperation, these operations require seamless integration of the devices to ensure interoperability in a secure, reliable, and adaptable environment. Designing a solution with these capabilities raises concerns about automation and engineering optimization. More recently, the rapid progression toward Industry 5.0 (I5.0) is further reshaping the landscape of smart industry ecosystems, necessitating innovative engineering and management solutions based on its core values of resilience, sustainability, and human-centricity.This thesis investigates these challenges and requirements by emphasizing adaptable, secure, reliable, composable, and scalable communication in complex industrial ecosystems. Central to this work is a local cloud-based collaboration approach to the design and development of composable ecosystems using microservices, which facilitate the integration of various information technology and operational technology (IT/OT) systems prevalent in smart industries. These encompass industrial and smart home Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart industry ecosystems and smart energy systems. Using the microservice-oriented Eclipse Arrowhead framework, this research provides scalable and adaptable solutions that adhere to the core values of I5.0. This research also bridges the integration gap between smart manufacturing ecosystems and smart home IoT technologies, laying the foundation for interconnected smart factories and improved energy management systems.Collaboration between IT/OT components and stakeholders in smart industry and smart energy ecosystems improves competitiveness, productivity, and informed decision making, thereby filling a critical research gap. The thesis presents a cloud-based collaborative learning (CCL) approach for automated condition monitoring in smart industry ecosystems. The thesis exemplifies the use cases of wind farms and smart manufacturing ecosystems that use CCL to address the issues of dynamic learning and real-time data sharing between various IoT-based IT/OT systems. Unlike traditional smart manufacturing models that focus primarily on automation and cost efficiency, CCL-based and I5.0 core value-driven ecosystems support human-centricity, sustainability, and resilience. Lastly, the thesis investigates the optimization of demand response based on collaboration among stakeholders in smart energy systems using edge-based automation clouds. The proposed approach promotes resilient and sustainable smart city demand response strategies by ensuring human comfort, security, data privacy, and all stakeholder integration in smart energy systems.
  •  
45.
  • Javed, Saleha, 1990-, et al. (författare)
  • Cloud-based Collaborative Learning (CCL) for the Automated Condition Monitoring of Wind Farms
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings 2022 IEEE 5th International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Modeling Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) architectures for the automation of wind turbines and farms(WT/F), as well as their condition monitoring (CM) is a growing concept among researchers. Several end-to-end automated cloud-based solutions that digitize CM operations intelligently to reduce manual efforts and costs are being developed. However, establishing robust and secure communication across WT/F is still difficult for the wind energy industry. We propose a fully automated cloud-based collaborative learning (CCL) architecture using the Eclipse Arrowhead Framework and an unsupervised dictionary learning (USDL) CM approach. The scalability of the framework enabled digitization and collaboration across the WT/Fs. Collaborative learning is a novel approach that allows all WT/Fs to learn from each other in real-time. Each turbine has CCL based CM using USDL as micro-services that autonomously perform feature selection and failure prediction to optimize cost, computation, and resources. The fundamental essence of the USDA approach is to enhance the WT/F’s learning and accuracy. We use dictionary distances as a metric for analyzing the CM of WT in our proposed USDL approach. A dictionary indicates an anomaly if its distances increased from the dictionary computed at a healthy state of that WT. Using CCL, a WT/F learns all types of failures that could occur in a similar WT/F, predicts any machinery failure, and sends alerts to the technicians to ensure guaranteed proactive maintenance. The results of our research support the notion that when testing a turbine with dictionaries of all the other turbines, every dictionary converges to similar behavior and captures the fault that occurs in that turbine.
  •  
46.
  • Javed, Saleha, 1990-, et al. (författare)
  • Deep Ontology Alignment with BERT_INT: Improvements and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Case Study
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • “He who knows no foreign languages knows nothing of his own.” Johann Wolfgang emphasized the worth of languages for expanding ones learning horizons. This work instills the same notion into the industrial internet of things (IIoT) sensory devices paradigm. We study the interoperability problem setting with a new perspective of envisioning knowledge graphs (KGs) modeling for the device to device ontology alignment. Ontology alignment is structured as entity alignment in which similar entities are linked from two heterogeneous knowledge graphs. The novelty is conceiving the IIoT ontology graph as a language of the sensory device and then addressing it through the natural language processing (NLP) language translation approach. The IIoT ontology graph nodes have unique URIs so they act as words (sentences) for the NLP model and the schema of the graph is depicted as the language structure. Existing methods give less attention to the importance of structural information which ignores the fact of even when a node pair has similar entity labels it may not refer to a similar context and vice versa. To deal with these issues, we propose a novel solution using a modified BERT_INT model on graph Triplets for ontology alignment among heterogeneous IIoT devices. Moreover, an iterative framework is designed to leverage the alignments within nodes as well as among relations. As the first attempt at this problem, the proposed model is tested on a contemporary language dataset of DBP15K and compared with the best state-of-the-art results. The proposed model outperforms the target baseline BERT_INT model by 2.1% in terms of HR@1, HR@10, and MRR. Next, a dataset on ontology instances is constructed on smart building sensors using two W3C standardized IIoT ontologies i.e. SSN and SOSA. Comprehensive experiments and analysis with ablation study on language and structural encoders demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.
  •  
47.
  •  
48.
  •  
49.
  •  
50.
  • Kolluru, Katyayani Kiranmayee, et al. (författare)
  • An AAA Solution for Securing Industrial IoT Devices using Next Generation Access Control
  • 2018
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industry 4.0 is advancing the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in industrial applications, which enablesefficient device-to-device (D2D) communication. However, these devices are often heterogeneous in nature, i.e. from different manufacturers, use different protocols, etc. and adds requirements such as security, interoperability, etc.To address these requirements, the Service-Oriented Architecture-Based (SOA) Arrowhead Framework was previously proposed using the concept of local clouds. These local clouds provide a set of mandatory and support core systems to enable industrial automation applications. One of these mandatory core systems is an Authentication, Authorisationand Accounting (AAA) system, which is used to authenticate and provide access control to the devices in a local cloud. In an industrial context, with multiple stakeholders, the AAA mustsupport fine-grain access control. For example, in a distributed control loop, a controller should only have read access to its sensor such as a flow meter and write access to its actuator, such as a valve. The controller should not have access to anyother information besides what is needed to implement the desired functionality. In this work, an NGAC-based AAA solution to achieve fine-grain service level access control between IoT devices has been proposed and implemented. The solution is presented using a district heating use case.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-50 av 90
Typ av publikation
konferensbidrag (34)
tidskriftsartikel (23)
doktorsavhandling (14)
licentiatavhandling (9)
bokkapitel (6)
annan publikation (3)
visa fler...
forskningsöversikt (1)
visa färre...
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (53)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (37)
Författare/redaktör
Delsing, Jerker, 195 ... (86)
Paniagua, Cristina (15)
Sandin, Fredrik, 197 ... (14)
van Deventer, Jan, 1 ... (13)
Eliasson, Jens (10)
Bodin, Ulf (9)
visa fler...
Tauber, Markus (9)
Acharya, Sarthak (8)
Chouhan, Shailesh Si ... (8)
Maksuti, Silia, 1989 ... (8)
Schelén, Olov (7)
Javed, Salman, 1982- (7)
Liwicki, Marcus (5)
Tripathy, Aparajita, ... (5)
Bicaku, Ani, DI, 198 ... (5)
Schmittner, Christop ... (5)
Varga, Pal (5)
Patil, Sandeep (4)
Tauber, Markus G. (4)
Zsilak, Mario (4)
Derhamy, Hasan (4)
Nilsson, Jacob (4)
Garcia Represa, Jaim ... (4)
Javed, Saleha, 1990- (4)
Pinto, Rui (3)
Mokayed, Hamam (3)
Nilsson, Mattias (3)
Albano, Michele (3)
Ferreira, Luis (3)
Delsing, Jerker, Pro ... (3)
Carlsson, Oscar (3)
Hegedűs, Csaba (3)
Haugen, Øystein (3)
Gonçalves, Gil (3)
Lam, An Ngoc (3)
Häggström, Fredrik, ... (3)
Liwicki, Foteini (2)
Tovar, Eduardo (2)
Aziz, Abdullah, 1992 ... (2)
Bodin, Ulf, Professo ... (2)
Synnes, Kåre, 1969- (2)
Johansson, Jonny (2)
Bicaku, Ani, 1988- (2)
Palm, Emanuel, 1987- (2)
Borngrund, Carl, 199 ... (2)
Röning, Juha, Profes ... (2)
Puñal Pereira, Pablo (2)
Urgese, Gianvito (2)
Azzoni, Paolo (2)
Macii, Enrico (2)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Luleå tekniska universitet (90)
Linnéuniversitetet (1)
RISE (1)
Språk
Engelska (90)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Teknik (77)
Naturvetenskap (20)
Samhällsvetenskap (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy