| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Delsing, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling IoT automation using local clouds
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Computer Society Digital Library. - 9781509041305 ; , s. 501-507
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Various forms of cloud computing principles and technologies are becoming important recently. This paper ad- dresses cloud computing for automation and control applications. It’s argued that the open Internet cloud idea has such limitations that its not appropriate for automation.Since automation is physically and geographically local, it is inevitable to introduce the concept of local automation clouds. It’s here proposed that local automation clouds should be self contained an be able to execute the intended automation func- tionalities without any external resources. Thus providing a fence at the rim of the local cloud preventing any inbound or outbound communication. Such a local cloud provides possibilities to address key requirements of both todays and future automation solutions. Adding mechanisms for secure inter-cloud administra- tion and data tranfere enables local automation cloud to meet IoT automation system requirements as: 1) Interoperability of a wide range of IoT and legacy devices 2) Automation requirement on latency guarantee/prediction for communication and control computations. 3) Scalability of automation systems enabling very large integrated automation systems 4) Security and related safety of automation systems 5) Ease of application engineering 6) Multi stakeholder integration and operations agility.How these requirements can be met in such a local automation cloud is discussed with references to proposed solutions. The local automation cloud concept is further verified for a compartment climate control application. The control application included an IoT controller, four IoT sensors and actuators, and a physical layer communication gateway. The gateway acted as host for local cloud core functionalities. The climate control application has successfully been implemented using the open source Arrowhead Framework and its supports for design and implementation of self contained local automation clouds.
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| 3. |
- Delsing, Jerker, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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The Arrowhead Framework architecture
- 2017
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Ingår i: IoT Automation. - Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press. - 9781498756754 - 9781498756761 ; , s. 43-88
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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A survey of commercial frameworks for the Internet of Things
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2015 IEEE 20th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2015). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467379298
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2011 Ericsson and Cisco estimated 50 billion Internet connected devices by 2020, encouraged by this industry is developing application frameworks to scale the Internet of Things. This paper presents a survey of commercial frameworks and platforms designed for developing and running Internet of Things applications. The survey covers frameworks supported by big players in the software and electronics industries. The frameworks are evaluated against criteria such as architectural approach, industry support, standards based protocols and interoperability, security, hardware requirements, governance and support for rapid application development. There is a multitude of frameworks available and here a total 17 frameworks and platforms are considered. The intention of this paper is to present recent developments in commercial IoT frameworks and furthermore, identify trends in the current design of frameworks for the Internet of Things; enabling massively connected cyber physical systems.
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| 5. |
- Derhamy, Hasan
(författare)
-
Architectural Design Principles For Industrial Internet of Things
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As society has progressed through periods of evolution and revolution, technology hasplayed a key role as an enabler. In the same manner that mechanical machines of the1800’s drove the industrial revolution, now digitalized machines are driving another one.With this recognition of a fourth industrial revolution, the Industry 4.0 initiative wasfounded. One of the drivers of Industry 4.0 is the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).The IIoT is a consequence of widely present computing ubiquity and interconnected-ness. Software has become a crucial tool of almost all industries from bakeries and arts to manufacturing facilities and banking. Programming is now a required competenceand used by a variety of professions. It is not only about algorithm development, it has become more about engineering and integrating existing designs and tools. This impacts the way software is architected and drives a large body of research in the area.Software solutions are becoming more distributed, not only over multiple processes, but over heterogeneous hardware and business domains. Computing platforms could bemobile or geographically separated over large distances, exposing the solutions to network disturbances, performance degradation and security vulnerabilities.Hence, IIoT introduces complexity on a scale previously unseen in the software in-dustry. Software architecture must accommodate these heterogeneous domains and com-petencies and handle the increasing levels of complexity.This thesis proposes an architectural style for designing IIoT software architectures.The popular Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) style is not sufficient to define a com-plete architecture for IIoT applications. SOA fundamental principles are defined as loose coupling, lookup and late binding. The proposed architecture style extends these SOA principles with autonomy, specialization, data at its source and first person perspective. It preserves the benefits of SOA that models functionalities as reusable services with standardized interfaces. Thus, the proposed style helps to capture the heterogeneity of IIoT (e.g. systems, capabilities, domains, competencies etc.), while handling challenges imposed by it. The style also captures resource constraints of IIoT platforms; distri-bution of application logic across IIoT; dependence between services within IIoT; and presentation of the solution in various stakeholder perspectives.The IIoT generates large amounts of data that is subsequently stored, analysed, archived and eventually fed back into the product life cycle. Centralization of data has well known challenges. This thesis proposes a method of information extraction based on the principle of data at its source. Such data preserves implicit context, reducing the burden of semantic data within the system. Desired information is expressed through dynamic (runtime) queries. Using the queries, a path is created to retrieve the requested data. It alleviates the need for data to be stored in intermediary nodes; data remains atthe source. Thus, IIoT applications extract information and present it to requesting sys-tems without redundant source related context. This helps with issues of data ownership, access control and stale data.Another IIoT challenge tackled in this work is decentralization of Manufacturing Execution System (MES). It is motivated by a need to mitigate the impact of vulnerable shared networks on the factory floor; and by business requirements to reduce dependence on local factory infrastructure. This thesis explores a solution where functions of MES are distributed to the workstations that enables them to operate autonomously. Such autonomous workstations utilize the proposed Intelligent Product, Workflow Managerand Workflow Executor systems. Thus, MES can be decentralized to edge nodes as envisioned by Industry 4.0.
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| 6. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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In-network Processing for Context-Aware SOA-based Manufacturing Systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings IECON 2017. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538611272 ; , s. 3460-3465
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve flexible manufacturing, increasingly large amounts of data are being generated, stored, analyzed, archived and eventually fed back into the product life cycle. But where is this data stored and how is it transported? Current methods rely on centralized or federated databases to manage the data storage. This approach has several challenges, such as collection bottlenecks, secure retrieval, single point of failure and data-scheme fragility as data heterogeneity increases. Additionally, manufacturers are finding the need to open their networks for service based equipment suppliers. This means previous security assumptions regarding network encryption and information access-control must be re-evaluated. Proposed here is a method of in-network processing that gathers information only where and when it is needed. Systems build context at runtime by creating dynamic queries which make service composition. The service composition processes raw data and presents it as information to the calling system. This reduces the movement of data/information and removes single point collection bottlenecks. Furthermore, fine grained access control and shared trust can be granted between untrusted systems. The proposed methods are demonstrated on a lab setup of an industrial use case.
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| 7. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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IoT Interoperability : On-demand and low latency Transparent Multi-protocol Translator
- 2017
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Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2327-4662. ; 4:5, s. 1754-1763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Industrial Internet of Things there is a clear need for a high level of interoperability between independently developedsystems, often from different vendors. Traditional methods of interoperability including protocol gateways and adapters, are often usedat the network layer. Recent work on application interoperability has emphasized the use of middleware or protocol proxy/gateway.However, middleware tends to move the interoperability problem rather than solving it, and there are scalability issues with increasingthe number of proxies; re-configuration effort, and required bandwidth and processing overheads.This paper proposes a secure, on-demand and transparent protocol translator for the Industrial Internet of Things. Targeting thechallenge of interoperability between IP-based communication protocols, the paper analyses current solutions and develops a set ofrequirements to be met by IoT protocol interoperability. The proposed protocol translator is not a middleware, it is a SOA-basedparticipant, it is used on-demand when needed, it does not introduce design time dependencies, it operates transparently, it supportslow-latency, and it is secured through the use of Arrowhead authorization and authentication.
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| 8. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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Orchestration of Arrowhead services using IEC 61499 : Distributed Automation Case Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 2016 IEEE 20th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2016). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467379298
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a novel approach to automationof flexible manufacturing systems with mechatronic intelligenceand distributed control. The mechatronic intelligence layer isimplemented using a combination of wireless sensor/actuatornetworks with service-oriented architecture, where services arelocated at the device level, as well as in local and global Cloudsfollowing the Arrowhead framework.The machine/floor level coordination is implemented using thedistributed automation architecture of IEC 61499, which is alsoused as a graphical tool for orchestration of services.The paper discusses the enablers developed in-order to combineIEC 61499 and Arrowhead and the use is illustrated ona laboratory scale flexible factory example. By integration ofIndustrial IoT with IEC 61499, we envision that large gains interms of engineering effort and system operation performancecan be made.
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| 9. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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Protocol interoperability of OPC UA in ServiceOriented Architectures
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538608371 ; , s. 44-50
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract—Industrial Internet of Things covers all aspects ofnetworked intelligent manufacturing systems. This means coveringa wide array of application domains and user requirements.In such scenarios it is not feasible to define a single protocol forall situations. Hence, a multi-protocol approach is required. OPCUA has strong backing from Industry 4.0 as the protocol for theIndustrial Internet of Things. Interoperability of OPC UA hasbeen investigated in the context of migration from legacy andwith protocols such as DPWS. Additionally HTTP and CoAPhave been investigated as possible transport mediums.However, OPC UA interoperability has not been investigatedwithin a multi-protocol settings and no generic protocol translationexists. This paper proposes an OPC UA translator followingthe service translator model proposed in the Arrowhead project.Utilizing a mapping to intermediate format, it can be used alongside CoAP, HTTP and MQTT protocols.
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| 10. |
- Derhamy, Hasan
(författare)
-
Software Architectural Style for Industrial Internetof Things
-
Ingår i: IEEE Internet of Things Journal. - 2327-4662.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As society has progressed through periods of evolutionand revolution, technology has played a key role as anenabler. In the same manner that mechanical machines of the1800’s drove the industrial revolution, now digitalized machinesare driving another industrial revolution. With the recognitionof a fourth industrial revolution the Industry 4.0 initiative wasfounded in Germany in 2011. One of the drivers of Industry4.0 is the Industrial Internet of Things. The Internet of Thingsis a natural step as computing ubiquity and interconnectednessbecome more widely present. Add to this intelligence, delegationand human orientation and the result is software intensiveengineering at almost all layers (excluding the physical andhuman layers). Software development is a competency in communications,information systems, computer science, softwareand computer systems engineering and electrical and electronicengineering. Software solutions are becoming more distributed,not only over processes, but over heterogeneous computing platformsand business domains. These platforms could be physicallyseparated over large distances, or highly mobile platforms withvarying security requirements. All these requirements introducecomplexity on a scale previously unseen in the software industry.
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| 11. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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System of System Composition based on Decentralized Service Oriented Architecture
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Systems Journal. - : IEEE. - 1932-8184 .- 1937-9234. ; 13:4, s. 3675-3686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As society has progressed through periods of evolution and revolution, technology has played a key role as an enabler. In the same manner, mechanical machines of the 1800s drove the industrial revolution, now digitalized machines are driving another industrial revolution. Manufacturers are increasing the digital footprint on the factory floor. It is challenging to harness the vast amounts of data generated, stored, analyzed, archived, and returned. Data centralization has several well-known challenges, such as collection bottlenecks, secure retrieval, single point of failure, and data scheme fragility as data heterogeneity increases. This paper proposes a method of information distribution based on the principle of data at its source . It proposes that contextual data be used at runtime through the creation of dynamic queries that build compositions of different systems. Such system of systems (SoS) compositions handle the flow of data across its life cycle and present it as information to the initiating system. The proposal starts by creating a graph model of the Arrowhead framework. Then, building on the graph model, the query-based approach for specifying, validating, and forming the SoS is proposed. The proposed graph model allows for unambiguous description of systems and their interrelations, including security relations. The proposed composer operates on the edge computing hardware and gives the production floor the ability to extract information without impacting the overall operation of the factory.
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| 12. |
- Derhamy, Hasan
(författare)
-
Towards Interoperable Industrial Internet of Things : An On-Demand Multi-Protocol Translator Service
- 2016
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the result of the intersection between advancements in technology and the demand for more efficient and sustainable industry. Technology has provided a means for a large and heterogeneous collection of networks, devices, developers, owners, users and other stakeholders. From this there is a clear need for highly interoperable and independently developed systems. Interoperability is a communication challenge which affects all layers in a system. Communication protocols such as HTTP, CoAP, XMPP, OPC-UA and MQTT are above the network layer and below a semantic layer. This challenge includes overcoming interaction pattern differences, such as session and session-less protocols or publish/subscribe and request/response protocols. Common interoperability methods look at utilizing, a) middleware, such as in-system adapters and protocol gateways or b) restricting protocols to one or two possibilities. However, these solutions do not fit IIoT well as they are costly to adapt as the protocol landscape evolves, are intrusive to design or increase development costs. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has been identified as having a great potential for integrating independent systems. When applied to industrial contexts, SOA late-binding and service composition offers opportunities for enhancing interoperability. However, SOA-based service contracts still require complete agreement between provider and consumer in order to exchange service. In this thesis an approach toward interoperability is proposed which leverages SOA principles and a multi-protocol translator. The proposed approach is first contextualized with a set of requirements pulled from existing literature and from application domain requirements. The thesis asks the question; how can late-binding and service composition be used to support a multi-protocol network of systems? The result, a new approach of a secure, on-demand and transparent protocol translator, is proposed. Conceptually satisfying the requirements defined, the design is backed up with empirical testing on usability and latency of the solution. The proposed solution differs from middleware in that, it is a participant (alongside the application system), it is on-demand (only used when needed), it is not intrusive (no design time dependencies) and it operates transparently (to application systems). A complete interoperability solution is deemed as future work, which could extend to full security, general encoding and semantic interoperability.
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| 13. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
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Translation Error Handling for Multi-Protocol SOA Systems
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of 2015 IEEE 20th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2015). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781467379298
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IoT research area has evolved to incorporate aplethora of messaging protocol standards, both existing and new,emerging as preferred communications means. The variety ofprotocols and technologies enable IoT to be used in manyapplication scenarios. However, the use of incompatiblecommunication protocols also creates vertical silos and reducesinteroperability between vendors and technology platformproviders. In many applications, it is important that maximuminteroperability is enabled. This can be for reasons such asefficiency, security, end-to-end communication requirements etc.In terms of error handling each protocol has its own methods,but there is a gap for bridging the errors across protocols.Centralized software bus and integrated protocol agents are usedfor integrating different communications protocols.However, the aforementioned approaches do not fit well in allIndustrial IoT application scenarios. This paper thereforeinvestigates error handling challenges for a multi-protocol SOAbasedtranslator. A proof of concept implementation is presentedbased on MQTT and CoAP. Experimental results show thatmulti-protocol error handling is possible and furthermore anumber of areas that need more investigation have beenidentified.
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| 14. |
- Derhamy, Hasan, et al.
(författare)
-
Workflow management for edge driven manufacturing systems
- 2018
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth industrial revolution is one of digitization. As manufacturers build more digital equipment into their process harnessing the potential becomes a challenge. ISA 95 based manufacturers rely on top down decision making, with redundant flow of information in order to organize Workflows on the factory floor. With advances in edge computing and smart objects, more decision are made at lower levels of the infrastructure hierarchy. However, how can the MES tracking and execution functions be decentralized while maintain an organized collaboration of smart objects? This paper proposes a Cyber Physical Service Oriented System of Systems operating on edge computing. There are three systems proposed here; Smart Product, Workflow Manager and Workflow Executor. These systems operate within Arrowhead Local Clouds and create a fully autonomous set of system to complete a production order. Planning, Supply chain and Quality of Service monitoring are out of scope and remain as centralized activities. The Smart Product is the core Cyber Physical System that must be context-aware in order to pass the correct Workflow information to the Workflow System responsible for current activities.
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| 15. |
- Eliasson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Industrial Internet of Things : An Efficient and Interoperable Communication Framework
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, ICIT 2015. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781479978007 ; , s. 2198-2204
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interoperability between shop floor devices and upper layer systems is a key challenge for enabling Internet of Things in industrial applications. Standardized protocols such as IPv6, CoAP, and XML can be used to address this issue. Widely used XML-based technologies such as SenML, EEML, OPC-UA as well as others rely on XML to be able to support a wide range of sensor and actuator applications. However, this approach results in high communication overhead due to the verbose nature of plain text messages encoded in XML. When devices are communicating using 6LoWPAN over IEEE 802.15.4, it is important to keep the messages small enough to fit into one MAC-layer frame to avoid fragmentation and hence conserving bandwidth and transmission energy. One possible solution is to integrate differential binary delta-encoding with a service-based framework based on CoAP, SenML and EXI. The proposed efficient communication approach for service-based architecture can compress a series of events up to 90-95%. The proposed framework is a holistic approach for enabling distributed monitoring and control applications and a move towards realizing the vision of Services of Things.
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| 16. |
- Ramirez, B., et al.
(författare)
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Relative localization with computer vision and UWB range for flying robot formation control
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2016 14th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, ICARCV 2016. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509035496
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relative localization is a core problem for swarm robotics since each swarm node must determine where neighboring robots are located to accomplish cooperative tasks such as formation control. In this paper we present a system that performs relative localization between a stationary marker and a flying robot in real-time. Relative distances are obtained using ultra-wide band radio, while a low-cost webcam provide angle measurements. To achieve the latter, we employed the Camshift algorithm and a Kalman filter. We tested our system outdoors during daylight using centimeter-accuracy GPS measurements as ground truth. Three data sets have been collected from a series of experiments and it shows that errors in estimated relative positions are between +/-0.190 m on the x-East axis and +/-0.291 m on the z-North axis at 95% confidence level
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| 17. |
- van Deventer, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Service Oriented Architecture Enabling the 4rh Generation of District Heating
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; 116, s. 500-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 4th Generation of District Heating (4GDH) is a complex agglomeration of heat providers, distributors, and consumers that must be automatically, continuously managed and coordinated. It is a complex system of systems; a definition which we align to Maier’s architecting principles for systems-of-systems as collaborative systems. Wrapped in the idea of system of systems is the reality that the 4GDH systems’ descriptions and specifications are not currently all known. Nonetheless, the transition into the 4GDH is actual. We propose the use of two frameworks to secure a smooth metamorphosis and assure systems’ operation, maintenance, and evolution. The two frameworks are the Arrowhead Framework and the OPTi Framework. The first one enables system integration through Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the second one offers the overall system optimization with respect to all stakeholders. This paper uses the Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tool SysML to model a district heating complex’s structures and behaviors from the concept level down to the sensors and actuators within a district heating substation where we apply the SOA technology based on the open Arrowhead Framework. We focus on the Arrowhead Framework’s core services, i.e. Service Registry, Authorization and Orchestration to clearly describe the interactions between the different service providers and consumers. Going back up from the sensors to the systems, it is clear that SOA is the architecture that will empower the 4GDH.
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| 18. |
- van Deventer, Jan, et al.
(författare)
-
Service Oriented Architecture Enabling the 4rh Generation of District Heating
- 2016
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Ingår i: The 15th International Symposium on District Heating and CoolingSeptember 4-7, 2016, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 4th Generation of District Heating (4GDH) is a complex agglomeration of heat providers, distributors, and consumers that must be automatically, continuously managed and coordinated. It is a complex system of systems; a definition which we align to Maier’s architecting principles for systems-of-systems as collaborative systems. Wrapped in the idea of system of systems is the reality that the 4GDH systems’ descriptions and specifications are not currently all known. Nonetheless, the transition into the 4GDH is actual. We propose the use of two frameworks to secure a smooth metamorphosis and assure systems’ operation, maintenance, and evolution. The two frameworks are the Arrowhead Framework and the OPTi Framework. The first one enables system integration through Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and the second one offers the overall system optimization with respect to all stakeholders. This paper uses the Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) tool SysML to model a district heating complex’s structures and behaviors from the concept level down to the sensors and actuators within a district heating substation where we apply the SOA technology based on the open Arrowhead Framework. We focus on the Arrowhead Framework’s core services, i.e. Service Registry, Authorization and Orchestration to clearly describe the interactions between the different service providers and consumers. Going back up from the sensors to the systems, it is clear that SOA is the architecture that will empower the 4GDH.
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| 19. |
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