| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
-
Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
|
|
| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
-
Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
|
|
| 5. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
|
|
| 6. |
- Soffitta, Paolo, et al.
(författare)
-
XIPE : the X-ray imaging polarimetry explorer
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Experimental astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 36:3, s. 523-567
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray polarimetry, sometimes alone, and sometimes coupled to spectral and temporal variability measurements and to imaging, allows a wealth of physical phenomena in astrophysics to be studied. X-ray polarimetry investigates the acceleration process, for example, including those typical of magnetic reconnection in solar flares, but also emission in the strong magnetic fields of neutron stars and white dwarfs. It detects scattering in asymmetric structures such as accretion disks and columns, and in the so-called molecular torus and ionization cones. In addition, it allows fundamental physics in regimes of gravity and of magnetic field intensity not accessible to experiments on the Earth to be probed. Finally, models that describe fundamental interactions (e.g. quantum gravity and the extension of the Standard Model) can be tested. We describe in this paper the X-ray Imaging Polarimetry Explorer (XIPE), proposed in June 2012 to the first ESA call for a small mission with a launch in 2017. The proposal was, unfortunately, not selected. To be compliant with this schedule, we designed the payload mostly with existing items. The XIPE proposal takes advantage of the completed phase A of POLARIX for an ASI small mission program that was cancelled, but is different in many aspects: the detectors, the presence of a solar flare polarimeter and photometer and the use of a light platform derived by a mass production for a cluster of satellites. XIPE is composed of two out of the three existing JET-X telescopes with two Gas Pixel Detectors (GPD) filled with a He-DME mixture at their focus. Two additional GPDs filled with a 3-bar Ar-DME mixture always face the Sun to detect polarization from solar flares. The Minimum Detectable Polarization of a 1 mCrab source reaches 14 % in the 2-10 keV band in 10(5) s for pointed observations, and 0.6 % for an X10 class solar flare in the 15-35 keV energy band. The imaging capability is 24 arcsec Half Energy Width (HEW) in a Field of View of 14.7 arcmin x 14.7 arcmin. The spectral resolution is 20 % at 6 keV and the time resolution is 8 mu s. The imaging capabilities of the JET-X optics and of the GPD have been demonstrated by a recent calibration campaign at PANTER X-ray test facility of the Max-Planck-Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik (MPE, Germany). XIPE takes advantage of a low-earth equatorial orbit with Malindi as down-link station and of a Mission Operation Center (MOC) at INPE (Brazil). The data policy is organized with a Core Program that comprises three months of Science Verification Phase and 25 % of net observing time in the following 2 years. A competitive Guest Observer program covers the remaining 75 % of the net observing time.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 9. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
|
|
| 10. |
- DeAngelis, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
-
2020 WSES guidelines for the detection and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy
- 2021
-
Ingår i: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : BMC. - 1749-7922. ; 16:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bile duct injury (BDI) is a dangerous complication of cholecystectomy, with significant postoperative sequelae for the patient in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term quality of life. BDIs have an estimated incidence of 0.4-1.5%, but considering the number of cholecystectomies performed worldwide, mostly by laparoscopy, surgeons must be prepared to manage this surgical challenge. Most BDIs are recognized either during the procedure or in the immediate postoperative period. However, some BDIs may be discovered later during the postoperative period, and this may translate to delayed or inappropriate treatments. Providing a specific diagnosis and a precise description of the BDI will expedite the decision-making process and increase the chance of treatment success. Subsequently, the choice and timing of the appropriate reconstructive strategy have a critical role in long-term prognosis. Currently, a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary interventions with different degrees of invasiveness is indicated for BDI management. These World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines have been produced following an exhaustive review of the current literature and an international expert panel discussion with the aim of providing evidence-based recommendations to facilitate and standardize the detection and management of BDIs during cholecystectomy. In particular, the 2020 WSES guidelines cover the following key aspects: (1) strategies to minimize the risk of BDI during cholecystectomy; (2) BDI rates in general surgery units and review of surgical practice; (3) how to classify, stage, and report BDI once detected; (4) how to manage an intraoperatively detected BDI; (5) indications for antibiotic treatment; (6) indications for clinical, biochemical, and imaging investigations for suspected BDI; and (7) how to manage a postoperatively detected BDI.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Di Saverio, Salomone, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines
- 2020
-
Ingår i: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : BMC. - 1749-7922. ; 15:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims Acute appendicitis (AA) is among the most common causes of acute abdominal pain. Diagnosis of AA is still challenging and some controversies on its management are still present among different settings and practice patterns worldwide. In July 2015, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) organized in Jerusalem the first consensus conference on the diagnosis and treatment of AA in adult patients with the intention of producing evidence-based guidelines. An updated consensus conference took place in Nijemegen in June 2019 and the guidelines have now been updated in order to provide evidence-based statements and recommendations in keeping with varying clinical practice: use of clinical scores and imaging in diagnosing AA, indications and timing for surgery, use of non-operative management and antibiotics, laparoscopy and surgical techniques, intra-operative scoring, and peri-operative antibiotic therapy. Methods This executive manuscript summarizes the WSES guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AA. Literature search has been updated up to 2019 and statements and recommendations have been developed according to the GRADE methodology. The statements were voted, eventually modified, and finally approved by the participants to the consensus conference and by the board of co-authors, using a Delphi methodology for voting whenever there was controversy on a statement or a recommendation. Several tables highlighting the research topics and questions, search syntaxes, and the statements and the WSES evidence-based recommendations are provided. Finally, two different practical clinical algorithms are provided in the form of a flow chart for both adults and pediatric (< 16 years old) patients. Conclusions The 2020 WSES guidelines on AA aim to provide updated evidence-based statements and recommendations on each of the following topics: (1) diagnosis, (2) non-operative management for uncomplicated AA, (3) timing of appendectomy and in-hospital delay, (4) surgical treatment, (5) intra-operative grading of AA, (6) ,management of perforated AA with phlegmon or abscess, and (7) peri-operative antibiotic therapy.
|
|
| 13. |
- Halamoda-Kenzaoui, Blanka, et al.
(författare)
-
Bridging communities in the field of nanomedicine
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-2300 .- 1096-0295. ; 106, s. 187-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An early dialogue between nanomedicine developers and regulatory authorities are of utmost importance to anticipate quality and safety requirements for these innovative health products. In order to stimulate interactions between the various communities involved in a translation of nanomedicines to clinical applications, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre hosted a workshop titled "Bridging communities in the field of Nanomedicine" in Ispra/Italy on the 27th -28th September 2017. Experts from regulatory bodies, research institutions and industry came together to discuss the next generation of nanomedicines and their needs to obtain regulatory approval. The workshop participants came up with recommendations highlighting methodological gaps that should be addressed in ongoing projects addressing the regulatory science of nanomedicines. In addition, individual opinions of experts relevant to progress of the regulatory science in the field of nanomedicine were summarised in the format of a survey.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Strömer, Hinrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Growth hormone- and pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy evoke different responses to ischemia-reperfusion and mechanical stretch.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-6374. ; 16:1, s. 29-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To compare the molecular, histological, and functional characteristics of growth hormone (GH)- and pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and their responses to ischemia-reperfusion and mechanical stretch. DESIGN: Four groups of male Wistar rats were studied: aortic banding (n=24, AB) or sham (n=24, controls) for 10 weeks, and GH treatment (n=24; 3.5mg/kg/day, GH) or placebo (n=24, controls) for 4 weeks. At 13 weeks, the rats were randomly subjected to: (i) assessment of basal left ventricular mRNA expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA-2), phospholamban (PLB), and Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) and collagen volume fraction (CVF) (Protocol A, 8 rats in each group); (ii) left ventricular no-flow ischemia with simultaneous evaluation of intracellular Ca(2+) handling and ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) content (Protocol B, 12 rats in each group); or (iii) left ventricular mechanical stretch for 40 min with assessment of tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA (Protocol C, 4 rats in each group). Protocol B and C were carried out in a Langendorff apparatus. RESULTS: In Protocol A, no difference was found as to myocardial mRNA content of Ca(2+) regulating proteins and CVF in GH animals vs controls. In contrast, in the AB group, myocardial mRNA expression of SERCA-2 and PLB was downregulated while that of NCX and CVF were increased vs. controls (p<0.05). In Protocol B, recovery of left ventricular function was significantly decreased in AB vs GH groups and controls and this was associated with 1.6-fold increase in intracellular Ca(2+) overload during reperfusion (p<0.05). Baseline ATP content was similar in the four study groups, whereas PCr and Pi was lower in AB vs GH rats and controls. However, the time courses of high-energy phosphate metabolic changes did not differ during ischemia and reperfusion in the four study groups. In Protocol C, no detectable TNF-alpha mRNA level was found in the left ventricular myocardium of GH treated rats and controls at baseline, while a modest expression was noted in AB animals. Mechanical stretch resulted in de novo myocardial TNF-alpha mRNA expression in GH group and controls, which was dramatically increased in AB animals ( approximately 5-fold above baseline, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The data show that cardiac hypertrophy activated by short-term GH treatment confers cardioprotection compared with pressure overload with regard to molecular and histological characteristics, and responses to ischemia-reperfusion and mechanical stretch.
|
|
| 17. |
- Vesce, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
-
Hysteresis-Free Planar Perovskite Solar Module with 19.1% Efficiency by Interfacial Defects Passivation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2367-198X. ; 6:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In few years, perovskite solar devices have reached high efficiency on lab scale cells. Upscaling to module size, effective perovskite recipe and posttreatment are of paramount importance to the breakthrough of the technology. Herein this work, the development of a low-temperature planar n-i-p perovskite module (11 cm(2) aperture area, 91% geometrical fill factor) is reported on, exploiting the defect passivation strategy to achieve an efficiency of 19.1% (2% losses stabilized) with near-zero hysteresis, that is the most unsolved issue in the perovskite photovoltaic technology. The I/Br (iodine/bromide) halide ion ratio of the triple-cation perovskite formulation and deposition procedure are optimized to move from small area to module device and to avoid the detrimental effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. The organic halide salt phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) is adopted as surface passivation material on module size to suppress perovskite defects. Finally, homogeneous and defect-free layers from cell to module with only 8% relative efficiency losses, high reproducibility, and optimized interconnections are scaled by laser ablation methods. The homogeneity of the perovskite layers and of the full stack was assessed by optical, morphological, and light beam-induced current (LBIC) mapping characterizations.
|
|
| 18. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
|
|
| 19. |
- Afzal, Wasif, et al.
(författare)
-
The MegaM@Rt2 ECSEL Project : MegaModelling at Runtime — Scalable Model-Based Framework for Continuous Development and Runtime Validation of Complex Systems
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The 2017 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design DSD'17. - 9781538621462
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major challenge for the European electronic industry is to enhance productivity while reducing costs and ensuring quality in development, integration and maintenance. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) principles and techniques have already shown promising capabilities but still need to scale to support real-world scenarios implied by the full deployment and use of complex electronic components and systems. Moreover, maintaining efficient traceability, integration and communication between two fundamental system life-time phases (design time and runtime) is another challenge facing scalability of MDE. This paper presents an overview of the ECSEL project entitled "MegaModelling at runtime -- Scalable model-based framework for continuous development and runtime validation of complex systems" (MegaM@Rt2), whose aim is to address the above mentioned challenges facing MDE. Driven by both large and small industrial enterprises, with the support of research partners and technology providers, MegaM@Rt2 aims to deliver a framework of tools and methods for: 1) system engineering/design & continuous development, 2) related runtime analysis and 3) global model & traceability management, respectively. The diverse industrial use cases (covering domains such as aeronautics, railway, construction and telecommunications) will integrate and apply such a framework that shall demonstrate the validation of the MegaM@Rt2 solution.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
- Bacq, Yannick, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficacy of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Treating Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Meta-analysis.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1528-0012 .- 0016-5085. ; 143:6, s. 1492-1501
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on pruritus, liver test results, and outcomes of babies born to women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of 9 published, randomized controlled trials (3 double blinded) that compared the effects of UDCA to other drugs, placebo, or no specific treatment (controls) in patients with ICP. We analyzed data from 454 patients: 207 received only UDCA, 70 received only placebo, 42 received cholestyramine, 36 received dexamethasone for 1 week and then placebo for 2 weeks, 65 received S-adenosyl-methionine, and 34 received no specific treatment. To achieve consistency among end points, a standard questionnaire was sent to all corresponding authors. For each end point, we performed pooled analysis that compared the effects of UDCA with those of all controls and UDCA with those of placebos. RESULTS: In pooled analyses that compared UDCA with all controls, UDCA was associated with total resolution of pruritus (odds ratio [OR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07-0.74; P < .01), reduced pruritis (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.13-0.55; P < .0001), normalization of serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.10-0.50; P < .001), decreased serum level of ALT (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11-0.52; P < .0001), reduced serum levels of bile acids (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.19-0.75; P < .001), fewer premature births (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.79; P < .01), reduced fetal distress (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.86; P < .01), less frequent respiratory distress syndrome (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.74; P < .01), and fewer neonates in the intensive care unit (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25-0.98; P = .046). In pooled analyses that compared the effects of UDCA with placebo, UDCA reduced pruritus (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07-0.62; P < .01), normalized (OR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06-0.52; P < .001) or decreased serum levels of ALT (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.31; P < .0001), and reduced serum levels of bile acids (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.73; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a meta-analysis, UDCA is effective in reducing pruritus and improving liver test results in patients with ICP; UDCA therapy might also benefit fetal outcomes.
|
|
| 22. |
- Batra, Gorav, et al.
(författare)
-
Data standards for atrial fibrillation/flutter and catheter ablation : The European Unified Registries for Heart Care Evaluation and Randomized Trials (EuroHeart)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. - : Oxford University Press. - 2058-5225 .- 2058-1742. ; 9:6, s. 609-620
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Standardized data definitions are essential for monitoring and assessment of care and outcomes in observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The European Unified Registries for Heart Care Evaluation and Randomized Trials (EuroHeart) project of the European Society of Cardiology aimed to develop contemporary data standards for atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) and catheter ablation.METHODS AND RESULTS: We used the EuroHeart methodology for development of data standards and formed a Working Group comprising 23 experts in AF/AFL and catheter ablation registries, as well as representatives from the European Heart Rhythm Association and EuroHeart. We conducted a systematic literature review of AF/AFL and catheter ablation registries and data standard documents to generate candidate variables. We used a modified Delphi method to reach consensus on a final variable set. For each variable, the Working Group developed permissible values and definitions, and agreed as to whether the variable was mandatory (Level 1) or additional (Level 2). In total, 70 Level 1 and 92 Level 2 variables were selected and reviewed by a wider Reference Group of 42 experts from 24 countries. The Level 1 variables were implemented into the EuroHeart IT platform as the basis for continuous registration of individual patient data.CONCLUSION: By means of a structured process and working with international stakeholders, harmonized data standards for AF/AFL and catheter ablation for AF/AFL were developed. In context of the EuroHeart project, this will facilitate country-level quality of care improvement, international observational research, registry-based RCTs and post-marketing surveillance of devices and pharmacotherapies.
|
|
| 23. |
- Borroto-Escuela, Dasiel O., et al.
(författare)
-
Preferential activation by galanin 1-15 fragment of the GalR1 protomer of a GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complex
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 452:3, s. 347-353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The three cloned galanin receptors show a higher affinity for galanin than for galanin N-terminal fragments. Galanin fragment (1-15) binding sites were discovered in the rat Central Nervous System, especially in dorsal hippocampus, indicating a relevant role of galanin fragments in central galanin communication. The hypothesis was introduced that these N-terminal galanin fragment preferring sites are formed through the formation of GalR1-GalR2 heteromers which may play a significant role in mediating galanin fragment (1-15) signaling. In HEK293T cells evidence for the existence of GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complexes were obtained with proximity ligation and BRET2 assays. PLA positive blobs representing GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complexes were also observed in the raphe-hippocampal system. In CRE luciferase reporter gene assays, galanin (1-15) was more potent than galanin (1-29) in inhibiting the forskolin-induced increase of luciferase activity in GalR1-GalR2 transfected cells. The inhibition of CREB by 50 nM of galanin (1-15) and of galanin (1-29) was fully counteracted by the non-selective galanin antagonist M35 and the selective GalR2 antagonist M871. These results suggested that the orthosteric agonist binding site of GalR1 protomer may have an increased affinity for the galanin (115) vs galanin (1-29) which can lead to its demonstrated increase in potency to inhibit CREB vs galanin (1-29). In contrast, in NFAT reporter gene assays galanin (1-29) shows a higher efficacy than galanin (115) in increasing Gq/11 mediated signaling over the GalR2 of these heteroreceptor complexes. This disbalance in the signaling of the GalR1-GalR2 heteroreceptor complexes induced by galanin (1-15) may contribute to depression-like actions since GalR1 agonists produce such effects. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 24. |
- Bousquet, Jean, et al.
(författare)
-
ARIA digital anamorphosis : Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 76:1, s. 168-190
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed.
|
|
| 25. |
- Bousquet, J. Jean, et al.
(författare)
-
Next-generation ARIA care pathways for rhinitis and asthma : a model for multimorbid chronic diseases
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Allergy. - : BMC. - 2045-7022. ; 9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support the transformation of the health care system into integrated care with organizational health literacy.Main body: As an example for chronic disease care, MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK), a new project of the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative, and POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), in collaboration with professional and patient organizations in the field of allergy and airway diseases, are proposing real-life ICPs centred around the patient with rhinitis, and using mHealth to monitor environmental exposure. Three aspects of care pathways are being developed: (i) Patient participation, health literacy and self-care through technology-assisted "patient activation", (ii) Implementation of care pathways by pharmacists and (iii) Next-generation guidelines assessing the recommendations of GRADE guidelines in rhinitis and asthma using real-world evidence (RWE) obtained through mobile technology. The EU and global political agendas are of great importance in supporting the digital transformation of health and care, and MASK has been recognized by DG Sante as a Good Practice in the field of digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care.Conclusion: In 20 years, ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement.
|
|
| 26. |
- Brombal, Luca, et al.
(författare)
-
Edge-illumination spectral phase-contrast tomography
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 69:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the rapid, but independent, diffusion of x-ray spectral and phase-contrast systems, this work demonstrates the first combination of spectral and phase-contrast computed tomography (CT) obtained by using the edge-illumination technique and a CdTe small-pixel (62 mu m) spectral detector. A theoretical model is introduced, starting from a standard attenuation-based spectral decomposition and leading to spectral phase-contrast material decomposition. Each step of the model is followed by quantification of accuracy and sensitivity on experimental data of a test phantom containing different solutions with known concentrations. An example of a micro CT application (20 mu m voxel size) on an iodine-perfused ex vivo murine model is reported. The work demonstrates that spectral-phase contrast combines the advantages of spectral imaging, i.e. high-Z material discrimination capability, and phase-contrast imaging, i.e. soft tissue sensitivity, yielding simultaneously mass density maps of water, calcium, and iodine with an accuracy of 1.1%, 3.5%, and 1.9% (root mean square errors), respectively. Results also show a 9-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of the water channel when compared to standard spectral decomposition. The application to the murine model revealed the potential of the technique in the simultaneous 3D visualization of soft tissue, bone, and vasculature. While being implemented by using a broad spectrum (pink beam) at a synchrotron radiation facility (Elettra, Trieste, Italy), the proposed experimental setup can be readily translated to compact laboratory systems including conventional x-ray tubes.
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
- Camen, Stephan, et al.
(författare)
-
Cardiac Troponin I and Incident Stroke in European Cohorts : Insights From the BiomarCaRE Project
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Stroke. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 51:9, s. 2770-2777
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose: Stroke is a common cause of death and a leading cause of disability and morbidity. Stroke risk assessment remains a challenge, but circulating biomarkers may improve risk prediction. Controversial evidence is available on the predictive ability of troponin concentrations and the risk of stroke in the community. Furthermore, reports on the predictive value of troponin concentrations for different stroke subtypes are scarce.Methods: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hsTnI) concentrations were assessed in 82 881 individuals (median age, 50.7 years; 49.7% men) free of stroke or myocardial infarction at baseline from 9 prospective European community cohorts. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to determine relative risks, followed by measures of discrimination and reclassification using 10-fold cross-validation to control for overoptimism. Follow-up was based upon linkage with national hospitalization registries and causes of death registries.Results: Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 3033 individuals were diagnosed with incident nonfatal or fatal stroke (n=1654 ischemic strokes, n=612 hemorrhagic strokes, and n=767 indeterminate strokes). In multivariable regression models, hsTnI concentrations were associated with overall stroke (hazard ratio per 1-SD increase, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.10-1.21]), ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.09-1.21]), and hemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.01-1.20]). Adding hsTnI concentrations to classical cardiovascular risk factors (C indices, 0.809, 0.840, and 0.736 for overall, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively) increased the C index significantly but modestly. In individuals with an intermediate 10-year risk (5%-20%), the net reclassification improvement for overall stroke was 0.038 (P=0.021).Conclusions: Elevated hsTnI concentrations are associated with an increased risk of incident stroke in the community, irrespective of stroke subtype. Adding hsTnI concentrations to classical risk factors only modestly improved estimation of 10-year risk of stroke in the overall cohort but might be of some value in individuals at an intermediate risk.
|
|
| 29. |
- Cavarretta, Elena, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of echocardiography in sports cardiology : An expert opinion statement of the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology (SIC sport)
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - 0167-5273. ; 410
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is routinely required during pre-participation screening in the presence of symptoms, family history of sudden cardiac death or cardiomyopathies <40-year-old, murmurs, abnormal ECG findings or in the follow-up of athletes with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). TTE is a cost-effective first-line imaging modality to evaluate the cardiac remodeling due to long-term, intense training, previously known as the athlete's heart, and to rule out the presence of conditions at risk of sudden cardiac death, including cardiomyopathies, coronary artery anomalies, congenital, aortic and heart valve diseases. Moreover, TTE is useful for distinguishing physiological cardiac adaptations during intense exercise from pathological behavior due to an underlying CVD. In this expert opinion statement endorsed by the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology, we discussed common clinical scenarios where a TTE is required and conditions falling in the grey zone between the athlete's heart and underlying cardiomyopathies or other CVD. In addition, we propose a minimum dataset that should be included in the report for the most common indications of TTE in sports cardiology clinical practice.
|
|
| 30. |
- Cittadini, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
-
Aldosterone receptor blockade improves left ventricular remodeling and increases ventricular fibrillation threshold in experimental heart failure.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Cardiovascular research. - 0008-6363. ; 58:3, s. 555-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of aldosterone receptor blockade in postinfarction heart failure. METHODS: Eighty-seven rats with moderate myocardial infarction were randomized to receive either no drug or canrenone, the active metabolite of spironolactone, 20 mg/kg/day, or ramipril, 1 mg/kg/day, or a combination of the two drugs. Treatment was initiated 1 month after coronary ligation and lasted 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks. LV catheterization, isolated heart studies, morphometric histology, myocardial norepinephrine and SERCA-2 mRNA were assessed at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: Infarct sizes were 33+/-3, 32+/-3, 34+/-3, and 34+/-4% in the placebo, canrenone, ramipril, and combination groups, respectively. Canrenone attenuated LV remodeling, improved LV systolic and diastolic function, and markedly reduced interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. These effects were increased by concomitant ramipril therapy. Moreover, myocardial norepinephrine content was decreased while ventricular fibrillation threshold significantly augmented by canrenone. SERCA-2 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Canrenone attenuated LV dilation and interstitial remodeling, and improved LV filling dynamics and systolic function in the rat model of postinfarction heart failure. Addition of ramipril conferred further cardioprotection. Canrenone also reduced myocardial norepinephrine content and increased ventricular fibrillation threshold. The data provide a potential explanation for the decreased sudden death observed in the RALES study.The mechanisms of action of aldosterone inhibition are still poorly understood, despite its proven efficacy in heart failure. Rats with postinfarction heart failure were randomized to receive for 1 month either no drug or canrenone, or ramipril, or a combination of canrenone and ramipril. Canrenone treatment was associated with a significant attenuation of LV dilation, better LV diastolic and systolic dynamics, and a marked reduction of reactive fibrosis. These effects were enhanced by concomitant ramipril therapy. Moreover, canrenone increased ventricular fibrillation threshold and reduced myocardial norepinephrine content. The data may explain the reduced mortality demonstrated by the RALES.
|
|
| 31. |
- Cittadini, Antonio, et al.
(författare)
-
Growth hormone prolongs survival in experimental postinfarction heart failure.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - 0735-1097. ; 41:12, s. 2154-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effects of growth hormone (GH) on survival in experimental heart failure (HF). BACKGROUND: Growth hormone has been beneficial in various models of experimental HF. Whether GH also affects HF progression and survival is not known. METHODS: A total of 119 rats with moderate myocardial infarction were randomized to receive either GH (3.5 mg/kg every other day) or placebo for 28 days. Treatment was initiated one month after coronary ligation; the follow-up lasted 13 months. In the surviving animals, Doppler echocardiography and closed-chest Millar left ventricular (LV) catheterization were performed. Apoptosis, collagen volume fraction, and capillary density in the LV zone remote from infarction were measured. The early effects of GH on apoptosis were also assessed in a subgroup of eight infarcted rats, treated as specified earlier and euthanized at one month. RESULTS: Survival rate was 68% in GH-treated rats and 48% in the placebo group (p = 0.0377). Growth hormone had no effect on myocardial architecture, systolic function, and sarcoplasmatic reticulum calcium ATPase-2 messenger ribonucleic acid. Growth hormone improved LV relaxation; this was associated with a 50% reduction in collagen volume fraction and a 27% increase in capillary density. Growth hormone reduced the apoptotic index by 50% at one month and by 33% at 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: Growth hormone prolonged survival of rats with postinfarction HF. This effect was associated with marked attenuation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and pathologic interstitial remodeling in the surviving myocardium and enhanced LV relaxation.
|
|
| 32. |
- Coppo, Rosanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Is there long-term value of pathology scoring in immunoglobulin A nephropathy? : A validation study of the Oxford Classification for IgA Nephropathy (VALIGA) update
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 35:6, s. 1002-1009
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is unknown whether renal pathology lesions in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) correlate with renal outcomes over decades of follow-up.Methods: In 1130 patients of the original Validation Study of the Oxford Classification for IgA Nephropathy (VALIGA) cohort, we studied the relationship between the MEST score (mesangial hypercellularity, M; endocapillary hypercellularity, E; segmental glomerulosclerosis, S; tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, T), crescents (C) and other histological lesions with both a combined renal endpoint [50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) loss or kidney failure] and the rate of eGFR decline over a follow-up period extending to 35 years [median 7 years (interquartile range 4.1-10.8)].Results: In this extended analysis, M1, S1 and T1-T2 lesions as well as the whole MEST score were independently related with the combined endpoint (P < 0.01), and there was no effect modification by age for these associations, suggesting that they may be valid in children and in adults as well. Only T lesions were associated with the rate of eGFR loss in the whole cohort, whereas C showed this association only in patients not treated with immunosuppression. In separate prognostic analyses, the whole set of pathology lesions provided a gain in discrimination power over the clinical variables alone, which was similar at 5 years (+2.0%) and for the whole follow-up (+1.8%). A similar benefit was observed for risk reclassification analyses (+2.7% and +2.4%).Conclusion: Long-term follow-up analyses of the VALIGA cohort showed that the independent relationship between kidney biopsy findings and the risk of progression towards kidney failure in IgAN remains unchanged across all age groups and decades after the renal biopsy.
|
|
| 33. |
- Daneshjou, Roxana, et al.
(författare)
-
Working toward precision medicine : Predicting phenotypes from exomes in the Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) challenges
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Human Mutation. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1059-7794 .- 1098-1004. ; 38:9, s. 1182-1192
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precision medicine aims to predict a patient's disease risk and best therapeutic options by using that individual's genetic sequencing data. The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) is a community experiment consisting of genotype-phenotype prediction challenges; participants build models, undergo assessment, and share key findings. For CAGI 4, three challenges involved using exome-sequencing data: Crohn's disease, bipolar disorder, and warfarin dosing. Previous CAGI challenges included prior versions of the Crohn's disease challenge. Here, we discuss the range of techniques used for phenotype prediction as well as the methods used for assessing predictive models. Additionally, we outline some of the difficulties associated with making predictions and evaluating them. The lessons learned from the exome challenges can be applied to both research and clinical efforts to improve phenotype prediction from genotype. In addition, these challenges serve as a vehicle for sharing clinical and research exome data in a secure manner with scientists who have a broad range of expertise, contributing to a collaborative effort to advance our understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships.
|
|
| 34. |
- Di Benedetto, Luigi, et al.
(författare)
-
Strain balance approach for optimized signal-to-noise ratio in SiGe quantum well bolometers
- 2009
-
Ingår i: ESSDERC 2009 - Proceedings of the 39th European Solid-State Device Research Conference. - 9781424443536 ; , s. 101-104
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents thermal and electrical characterization of SiGe/Si multi-quantum wells (MQWs) with different layer profiles in complete bolometer structures. The thermal property of the bolometers was studied by measuring thermal coefficient of resistivity (TCR) through I-V curves for five temperatures (25, 40, 55, 80 and 100°C) and for four different pixel areas. The results show a strong dependency of TCR on the Si/SiGe layer thickness and the presence of dopant impurity in the MQW. The noise measurements of MQWs were performed carefully by eliminating all external contributions and the noise spectroscopy provided the noise characteristic parameters. The results demonstrate that the noise depends on the geometric size of the MQW and it increases with decreasing of the pixel area. The investigations show the noise level in the bolometer structures is sensitive to any dopant segregation from the contact layers.
|
|
| 35. |
- Di Cecilia, Serena, et al.
(författare)
-
RBM5-AS1 Is Critical for Self-Renewal of Colon Cancer Stem-like Cells
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 76:19, s. 5615-5627
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer-initiating cells (CIC) undergo asymmetric growth patterns that increase phenotypic diversity and drive selection for chemotherapeutic resistance and tumor relapse. WNT signaling is a hallmark of colon CIC, often caused by APC mutations, which enable activation of β-catenin and MYC Accumulating evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) contribute to the stem-like character of colon cancer cells. In this study, we report enrichment of the lncRNA RBM5-AS1/LUST during sphere formation of colon CIC. Its silencing impaired WNT signaling, whereas its overexpression enforced WNT signaling, cell growth, and survival in serum-free media. RBM5-AS1 has been little characterized previously, and we determined it to be a nuclear-retained transcript that selectively interacted with β-catenin. Mechanistic investigations showed that silencing or overexpression of RBM5-AS1 caused a respective loss or retention of β-catenin from TCF4 complexes bound to the WNT target genes SGK1, YAP1, and MYC Our work suggests that RBM5-AS1 activity is critical for the functional enablement of colon cancer stem-like cells. Furthermore, it defines the mechanism of action of RBM5-AS1 in the WNT pathway via physical interactions with β-catenin, helping organize transcriptional complexes that sustain colon CIC function.
|
|
| 36. |
- Di Fino, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Correlation between surface chemistry and settlement behaviour in barnacle cyprids (Balanus improvisus)
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Biofouling (Print). - : Taylor andamp; Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles. - 0892-7014 .- 1029-2454. ; 30:2, s. 143-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In laboratory-based biofouling assays, the influence of physico-chemical surface characteristics on barnacle settlement has been tested most frequently using the model organism Balanus amphitrite (= Amphibalanus amphitrite). Very few studies have addressed the settlement preferences of other barnacle species, such as Balanus improvisus (= Amphibalanus improvisus). This study aimed to unravel the effects of surface physico-chemical cues, in particular surface-free energy (SFE) and surface charge, on the settlement of cyprids of B. improvisus. The use of well-defined surfaces under controlled conditions further facilitates comparison of the results with recent similar data for B. amphitrite. Zero-day-old cyprids of B. improvisus were exposed to a series of model surfaces, namely self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols with varying end-groups, homogenously applied to gold-coated polystyrene (PS) Petri dishes. As with B. amphitrite, settlement of cyprids of B. improvisus was influenced by both SFE and charge, with higher settlement on low-energy (hydrophobic) surfaces and negatively charged SAMs. Positively charged SAMs resulted in low settlement, with intermediate settlement on neutral SAMs of similar SFE. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that despite previous suggestions to the contrary, these two species of barnacle show similar preferences in response to SFE; they also respond similarly to charge. These findings have positive implications for the development of novel antifouling (AF) coatings and support the importance of consistency in substratum choice for assays designed to compare surface preferences of fouling organisms.
|
|
| 37. |
- Di Luigi, Guendalina, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric Exploration of the Swedish Translation of the Sexual Orientation Microaggressions Scale (SOMS), and a Commentary on the Validity of the Construct of Microaggressions
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Homosexuality. - : Haworth Press. - 1540-3602 .- 0091-8369.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of a Swedish translation of the Sexual Orientation Microaggressions Scale (SOMS) in a convenience sample of 267 Swedish LGB+ people (Mean age = 36.41). Testing suggested some strengths in terms of factor structure and 2-week test-retest reliability (ICC > .79). Also, internal consistency (α = .80–.91) and convergent validity were supported for most subscales. However, the Assumption of Deviance subscale was associated with low response variability and internal consistency (α = .35), and the correlational pattern between the Environmental Microaggressions subscale and mental health variables diverged from the overall trend. Furthermore, measurement invariance between homo- and bisexual participants was not supported for most subscales, and although microaggressions would be theoretically irrelevant to a small comparison sample of heterosexual people (N = 76, Mean age = 40.43), metric invariance of the Environmental Microaggressions subscale was supported in comparison to LGB+ people. We argue that these limitations suggest a restricted applicability of the SOMS in a Swedish context, and this has consequences for the definition and operationalization of the construct of microaggressions as a whole. Therefore, more research on the latent properties of microaggressions in Swedish as well as in other contexts is required.
|
|
| 38. |
- Di Murro, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
-
Efficient Computation of Partial Elements in the Full-Wave Surface-PEEC Method
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility (Print). - : IEEE. - 0018-9375 .- 1558-187X. ; 63:4, s. 1189-1201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method provides an electromagnetic model of interconnections and packaging structures in terms of standard circuit elements. The surface-based PEEC (S-PEEC) formulation can reduce the number of unknowns compared to the standard volume-based PEEC (V-PEEC) method. This reduction is of particular use in the case of high-speed circuits and high-switching power electronics, where the bandwidth extends from low frequencies to the GHz range. In this article, the S-PEEC formulation is revised and cast in a matrix form. The main novelty is that the interaction integrals involving the curl of the magnetic and electric vector potentials are computed through the Taylor series expansion of the full-wave Green’s function, leading to analytical forms that are rigorously derived. Therefore, the numerical integration is avoided, with a consequent reduction of the computation time. The proposed formulas are studied in terms of the frequency, size of the mesh, and distance between the basis function domains. Three examples are presented, confirming the accuracy of the proposed method compared to the V-PEEC method and surface-based numerical methods from literature.
|
|
| 39. |
- Fagerlund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Gynecomastia in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gynecomastia and/or mastodynia is a common medical problem in patients receiving antiandrogen (bicalutamide or flutamide) treatment for prostate cancer; up to 70% of these patients result to be affected; furthermore, this can jeopardise patients' quality of life.
|
|
| 40. |
- Fisher, Eleanor, et al.
(författare)
-
Transforming matters : sustaining gold lifeways in artisanal and small-scale gold mining
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - Switzerland : Elsevier. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 49, s. 190-200
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth strategies in mining regions promote gold extraction based on industrial mining, associating Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) with persistent informality. Against this background, we consider how to approach transformations to sustainability in ASGM. Acknowledging how problematic this topic is for sustainability debates, given how ASGM is associated with a host of environmental and social problems, we argue that a justice lens demands we confront such challenges within the global politics of sustainability. This leads us to review advances in the study of ASGM, linked to debates on extractivism, resource materialities, and informality. We use the notion of gold lifeways to capture how the matter of mining shapes different worlds of extraction. We argue that consideration of the potential for transformations to sustainability needs to be grounded within the realities of ASGM. This necessitates giving value to miners’ knowledge(s), perspectives and interests, while recognising the plurality of mining futures. Nevertheless, we conclude that between the immediacy of precarious work and the structural barriers to change in ASGM, the challenges for transformation cannot be underestimated.
|
|
| 41. |
- Friggeri, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Pharmacophore assessment through 3-D QSAR : evaluation of the predictive ability on new derivatives by the application on a series of antitubercular agents.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9596 .- 1549-960X. ; 53:6, s. 1463-74
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmacophoric mapping is a useful procedure to frame, especially when crystallographic receptor structures are unavailable as in ligand-based studies, the hypothetical site of interaction. In this study, 71 pyrrole derivatives active against M. tuberculosis were used to derive through a recent new 3-D QSAR protocol, 3-D QSAutogrid/R, several predictive 3-D QSAR models on compounds aligned by a previously reported pharmacophoric application. A final multiprobe (MP) 3-D QSAR model was then obtained configuring itself as a tool to derive pharmacophoric quantitative models. To stress the applicability of the described models, an external test set of unrelated and newly synthesized series of R-4-amino-3-isoxazolidinone derivatives found to be active at micromolar level against M. tuberculosis was used, and the predicted bioactivities were in good agreement with the experimental values. The 3-D QSAutogrid/R procedure proved to be able to correlate by a single multi-informative scenario the different activity molecular profiles thus confirming its usefulness in the rational drug design approach.
|
|
| 42. |
- Gaziano, Liam, et al.
(författare)
-
Mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular disease : Observational and mendelian randomization analyses
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 146:20, s. 1507-1517
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.METHODS: Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.8 million person-years of follow-up. Using a genetic risk score of 218 variants for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses involving 413 718 participants (25 917 CHD and 8622 strokes) in EPIC-CVD, Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank.RESULTS: There were U-shaped observational associations of creatinine-based eGFR with CHD and stroke, with higher risk in participants with eGFR values <60 or >105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, compared with those with eGFR between 60 and 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Mendelian randomization analyses for CHD showed an association among participants with eGFR <60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, with a 14% (95% CI, 3%-27%) higher CHD risk per 5 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 lower genetically predicted eGFR, but not for those with eGFR >105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Results were not materially different after adjustment for factors associated with the eGFR genetic risk score, such as lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, and blood pressure. Mendelian randomization results for stroke were nonsignificant but broadly similar to those for CHD.CONCLUSIONS: In people without manifest cardiovascular disease or diabetes, mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to risk of CHD, highlighting the potential value of preventive approaches that preserve and modulate kidney function.
|
|
| 43. |
- Hamilton, B. R., et al.
(författare)
-
Integrating Transwomen and Female Athletes with Differences of Sex Development (DSD) into Elite Competition: The FIMS 2021 Consensus Statement
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Sports Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0112-1642 .- 1179-2035. ; 51:7, s. 1401-1415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sport is historically designated by the binary categorization of male and female that conflicts with modern society. Sport's governing bodies should consider reviewing rules determining the eligibility of athletes in the female category as there may be lasting advantages of previously high testosterone concentrations for transwomen athletes and currently high testosterone concentrations in differences in sex development (DSD) athletes. The use of serum testosterone concentrations to regulate the inclusion of such athletes into the elite female category is currently the objective biomarker that is supported by most available scientific literature, but it has limitations due to the lack of sports performance data before, during or after testosterone suppression. Innovative research studies are needed to identify other biomarkers of testosterone sensitivity/responsiveness, including molecular tools to determine the functional status of androgen receptors. The scientific community also needs to conduct longitudinal studies with specific control groups to generate the biological and sports performance data for individual sports to inform the fair inclusion or exclusion of these athletes. Eligibility of each athlete to a sport-specific policy needs to be based on peer-reviewed scientific evidence made available to policymakers from all scientific communities. However, even the most evidence-based regulations are unlikely to eliminate all differences in performance between cisgender women with and without DSD and transwomen athletes. Any remaining advantage held by transwomen or DSD women could be considered as part of the athlete's unique makeup.
|
|
| 44. |
- Ingala, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of the ATN classification scheme in a population without dementia: Findings from the EPAD cohort.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279. ; 17:7, s. 1189-1204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We classified non-demented European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia (EPAD) participants through the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) scheme and assessed their neuropsychological and imaging profiles.From 1500 EPAD participants, 312 were excluded. Cerebrospinal fluid cut-offs of 1000 pg/mL for amyloid beta (Aß)1-42 and 27 pg/mL for p-tau181 were validated using Gaussian mixture models. Given strong correlation of p-tau and t-tau (R2 =0.98, P<0.001), neurodegeneration was defined by age-adjusted hippocampal volume. Multinomial regressions were used to test whether neuropsychological tests and regional brain volumes could distinguish ATN stages.Age was 65 ± 7 years, with 58% females and 38% apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers; 57.1% were A-T-N-, 32.5% were in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, and 10.4% suspected non-Alzheimer's pathology. Age and cerebrovascular burden progressed with biomarker positivity (P<0.001). Cognitive dysfunction appeared with T+. Paradoxically higher regional gray matter volumes were observed in A+T-N- compared to A-T-N- (P<0.001).In non-demented individuals along the AD continuum, p-tau drives cognitive dysfunction. Memory and language domains are affected in the earliest stages.
|
|
| 45. |
- Jaramillo, Fernando, et al.
(författare)
-
Priorities and Interactions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with Focus on Wetlands
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 11:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wetlands are often vital physical and social components of a country’s natural capital, as well as providers of ecosystem services to local and national communities. We performed a network analysis to prioritize Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for sustainable development in iconic wetlands and wetlandscapes around the world. The analysis was based on the information and perceptions on 45 wetlandscapes worldwide by 49 wetland researchers of the Global Wetland Ecohydrological Network (GWEN). We identified three 2030 Agenda targets of high priority across the wetlandscapes needed to achieve sustainable development: Target 6.3—“Improve water quality”; 2.4—“Sustainable food production”; and 12.2—“Sustainable management of resources”. Moreover, we found specific feedback mechanisms and synergies between SDG targets in the context of wetlands. The most consistent reinforcing interactions were the influence of Target 12.2 on 8.4—“Efficient resource consumption”; and that of Target 6.3 on 12.2. The wetlandscapes could be differentiated in four bundles of distinctive priority SDG-targets: “Basic human needs”, “Sustainable tourism”, “Environmental impact in urban wetlands”, and “Improving and conserving environment”. In general, we find that the SDG groups, targets, and interactions stress that maintaining good water quality and a “wise use” of wetlandscapes are vital to attaining sustainable development within these sensitive ecosystems.
|
|
| 46. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 47. |
- Kolahdouz, Mohammadreza, et al.
(författare)
-
Improvement of infrared detection using Ge quantum dots multilayer structure
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 96:21, s. 213516-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monocrystalline SiGe/Si multiquantum dot and well structures have been manufactured/compared as thermistor materials for infrared detection. The performance of the devices (both the thermal and electrical) has been very sensitive to the quality of the epitaxial layers which is evaluated by the interfacial roughness and strain amount. This study demonstrates that the devices containing quantum dots have higher thermal coefficient resistance 3.4%/K with a noise constant (K-1/f) value of 2x10(-9).
|
|
| 48. |
- Kolahdouz, Mohammadreza, et al.
(författare)
-
Selective Growth of B- and C-Doped SiGe Layers in Unprocessed and Recessed Si Openings for p-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors Application
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 157:6, s. H633-H637
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents the pattern dependency of the selective epitaxial growth of boron- and carbon-doped SiGe layers in recessed and unprocessed openings. The layer profile is dependent on deposition time, chip layout, and growth parameters. Carbon and boron doping compensates for the strain in SiGe layers, and when both dopants are introduced, the strain reduction is additive. The incorporation of boron and carbon in the SiGe matrix is a competitive action. The concentration of carbon decreases, whereas the boron amount increases in SiGe layers with higher Ge content. In recessed openings, the Ge content is independent of the recess depth. The strain amount in the grown layers is graded vertically, which is due to the thickness of the epilayer exceeding the critical thickness.
|
|
| 49. |
- Kolahdouz, Mohammadreza, et al.
(författare)
-
Selective growth of B- and C-doped SiGe layers in unprocessed and recessed Si openings for pMOSFET application
- 2009
-
Ingår i: EUROCVD 17 / CVD 17. - : Electrochemical Society. - 9781566777452 ; , s. 81-88
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work presents pattern dependency of selective epitaxial growth of boron- or carbon-doped SiGe layers in recessed or unprocessed openings. The layer profile and quality of epi-layers were found to be dependent on chip layout and the growth parameters. Carbon- and boron-doping compensated the strain in SiGe layers and when both dopants are introduced the strain reduction was additive. The incorporation of boron and carbon in SiGe matrix showed to be a competitive action. The concentration of carbon decreased when the boron amount increased in SiGe layers with higher Ge content.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
