| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Carmona-Gutierrez, D., et al.
(författare)
-
Guidelines and recommendations on yeast cell death nomenclature
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Microbial Cell. - : Shared Science Publishers OG. - 2311-2638. ; 5:1, s. 4-31
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elucidating the biology of yeast in its full complexity has major implications for science, medicine and industry. One of the most critical processes determining yeast life and physiology is cellular demise. However, the investigation of yeast cell death is a relatively young field, and a widely accepted set of concepts and terms is still missing. Here, we propose unified criteria for the definition of accidental, regulated, and programmed forms of cell death in yeast based on a series of morphological and biochemical criteria. Specifically, we provide consensus guidelines on the differential definition of terms including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and autophagic cell death, as we refer to additional cell death routines that are relevant for the biology of (at least some species of) yeast. As this area of investigation advances rapidly, changes and extensions to this set of recommendations will be implemented in the years to come. Nonetheless, we strongly encourage the authors, reviewers and editors of scientific articles to adopt these collective standards in order to establish an accurate framework for yeast cell death research and, ultimately, to accelerate the progress of this vibrant field of research.
|
|
| 5. |
- Sperber, A. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Face-to-face interviews versus Internet surveys: Comparison of two data collection methods in the Rome foundation global epidemiology study: Implications for population-based research
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Neurogastroenterology and Motility. - 1350-1925. ; 35:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and AimsThe Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) assessed the prevalence, burden, and associated factors of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI) in 33 countries around the world. Achieving worldwide sampling necessitated use of two different surveying methods: In-person household interviews (9 countries) and Internet surveys (26 countries). Two countries, China and Turkey, were surveyed with both methods. This paper examines the differences in the survey results with the two methods, as well as likely reasons for those differences. MethodsThe two RFGES survey methods are described in detail, and differences in DGBI findings summarized for household versus Internet surveys globally, and in more detail for China and Turkey. Logistic regression analysis was used to elucidate factors contributing to these differences. ResultsOverall, DGBI were only half as prevalent when assessed with household vs Internet surveys. Similar patterns of methodology-related DGBI differences were seen within both China and Turkey, but prevalence differences between the survey methods were dramatically larger in Turkey. No clear reasons for outcome differences by survey method were identified, although greater relative reduction in bowel and anorectal versus upper gastrointestinal disorders when household versus Internet surveying was used suggests an inhibiting influence of social sensitivity. ConclusionsThe findings strongly indicate that besides affecting data quality, manpower needs and data collection time and costs, the choice of survey method is a substantial determinant of symptom reporting and DGBI prevalence outcomes. This has important implications for future DGBI research and epidemiological research more broadly.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Sperber, A. D., et al.
(författare)
-
Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085. ; 160:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Although functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), now called disorders of gut-brain interaction, have major economic effects on health care systems and adversely affect quality of life, little is known about their global prevalence and distribution. We investigated the prevalence of and factors associated with 22 FGIDs, in 33 countries on 6 continents. METHODS: Data were collected via the Internet in 24 countries, personal interviews in 7 countries, and both in 2 countries, using the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire, Rome III irritable bowel syndrome questions, and 80 items to identify variables associated with FGIDs. Data collection methods differed for Internet and household groups, so data analyses were conducted and reported separately. RESULTS: Among the 73,076 adult respondents (49.5% women), diagnostic criteria were met for at least 1 FGID by 40.3% persons who completed the Internet surveys (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.9-40.7) and 20.7% of persons who completed the household surveys (95% CI, 20.2-21.3). FGIDs were more prevalent among women than men, based on responses to the Internet survey (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.6-1.7) and household survey (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.3-1.4). FGIDs were associated with lower quality of life and more frequent doctor visits. Proportions of subjects with irritable bowel syndrome were lower when the Rome IV criteria were used, compared with the Rome III criteria, in the Internet survey (4.1% vs 10.1%) and household survey (1.5% vs 3.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In a large-scale multinational study, we found that more than 40% of persons worldwide have FGIDs, which affect quality of life and health care use. Although the absolute prevalence was higher among Internet respondents, similar trends and relative distributions were found in people who completed Internet vs personal interviews.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Eloranta, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Does socioeconomic status influence the prospect of cure from colon cancer - A population-based study in Sweden 1965-2000
- 2010
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 46:16, s. 2965-2972
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim of study Differences in the survival of colon cancer patients by socioeconomic status have been demonstrated in several populations but the underlying reasons for the differences are not well understood By simultaneously estimating the proportion of patients cured from colon cancer and the survival times of the uncured we hope to increase under standing of how socioeconomic status affects survival following a diagnosis of colon cancer Methods We conducted a population based cohort study of 58 873 patients diagnosed with colon cancer in Sweden 1965-2000 Socioeconomic status was classified based on occupation We fitted mixture cure models and Poisson regression models adjusted for age sex and calendar period Results We observed higher excess mortality lower proportion cured and shorter survival times among the uncured in patients from lower socioeconomic groups compared to the highest socioeconomic group There was no evidence that the gap between the socioeconomic groups reduced over time Farmers had the lowest odds of cure (odds ratio (OR) 0 85 95% confidence interval (Cl) 0 75-0 95) compared to higher non manual workers followed by self employed (0 91, 0 81-1 03) manual workers (0 93, 0 85-1 03) and lower non manual workers (0 91 0 89-1 08) Conclusion Patients from lower socioeconomic groups in Sweden experience worse survival following a diagnosis of colon cancer Differences exist in both the cure proportion and the survival time of the uncured suggesting that socioeconomic differences cannot be attributed solely to lead time bias Although this study has furthered our under standing of socioeconomic differences in survival more detailed studies are required in order to identify and subsequently remove the underlying reasons for the differences.
|
|
| 11. |
- Fored, C. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Acetaminophen, aspirin, and chronic renal failure
- 2001
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - Waltham, USA : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 345:25, s. 1801-1808
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between heavy consumption of nonnarcotic analgesics and the occurrence of chronic renal failure, but it is unclear which is the cause and which is the effect.Methods: In a nationwide, population-based, case-control study of early-stage chronic renal failure in Sweden, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 926 patients with newly diagnosed renal failure and 998 control subjects, of whom 918 and 980, respectively, had complete data. We used logistic-regression models to estimate the relative risks of disease-specific types of chronic renal failure associated with the use of various analgesics.Results: Aspirin and acetaminophen were used regularly by 37 percent and 25 percent, respectively, of the patients with renal failure and by 19 percent and 12 percent, respectively, of the controls. Regular use of either drug in the absence of the other was associated with an increase by a factor of 2.5 in the risk of chronic renal failure from any cause. The relative risks rose with increasing cumulative lifetime doses, rose more consistently with acetaminophen use than with aspirin use, and were increased for most disease-specific types of chronic renal failure. When we disregarded the recent use of analgesics, which could have occurred in response to antecedents of renal disease, the associations were only slightly attenuated.Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the existence of exacerbating effects of acetaminophen and aspirin on chronic renal failure. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of bias due to the triggering of analgesic consumption by predisposing conditions.
|
|
| 12. |
- Hellgren, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of handheld ultrasound and automated breast ultrasound in women recalled after mammography screening
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 58:5, s. 515-520
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) is an ultrasound (US) device with a wide scanner that sweeps over a large area of the breast and the acquired transverse images are sent to a workstation for reconstruction and review. Whether ABVS is as reliable as handheld US is, however, still not established. Purpose To compare the sensitivity and specificity of ABVS to handheld breast US for detection of breast cancer, in the situation of recall after mammography screening. Material and Methods A total of 113 women, five with bilateral suspicious findings, undergoing handheld breast US due to a suspicious mammographic finding in screening, underwent additional ABVS. The methods were assessed for each breast and each detected lesion separately and classified into two categories: breasts with mammographic suspicion of malignancy and breasts with a negative mammogram. Results Twenty-six cancers were found in 25 women. In the category of breasts with a suspicious mammographic finding (n = 118), the sensitivity of both handheld US and ABVS was 88% (22/25). The specificity of handheld US was 93.5% (87/93) and ABVS was 89.2% (83/93). In the category of breasts with a negative mammography (n = 103), the sensitivity of handheld US and ABVS was 100% (1/1). The specificity of handheld US was 100% (102/102) and ABVS was 94.1% (96/102). Conclusion ABVS can potentially replace handheld US in the investigation of women recalled from mammography screening due to a suspicious finding. Due to the small size of our study population, further investigation with larger study populations is necessary before the implementation of such practice.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Newby, P K, et al.
(författare)
-
Early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors as predictors of body mass index and obesity among older women
- 2005
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer United State Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 29:9, s. 1084-1092
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To examine whether early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors were associated with body mass index (BMI), overweight, and obesity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SUBJECTS: In all, 18 109 healthy women who participated in the Swedish Mammography Cohort aged 49-83 y. MEASUREMENTS: Early anthropometric (birthweight and body shape at age 10 y) and reproductive ( age at menarche, age at the birth of the first child, and parity) variables were our predictors and current BMI, overweight ( BMI 25-29.99 kg/m(2)), and obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) were our outcomes. RESULTS: In multivariate-adjusted polytomous logistic regression analysis, risk of overweight and obesity increased with increasing body shape at age 10 y and decreased with increasing age at menarche and age at first birth (P for trend < 0.0001). A U-shaped relation with birthweight was observed. In our tests for effect modification of the relation with overweight/obesity (ow/ob; BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)), we detected significant interactions between body shape at 10 y and age ( P < 0.0001); body shape at 10 y and physical activity ( P < 0.0001); age at first birth and smoking (P = 0.02); and parity and physical activity (P = 0.004). The increased risk of ow/ob among women who reported a larger childhood body shape was reduced as women moved from the lowest to highest quartile of physical activity in adulthood. Likewise, the increasing risk of ow/ob among women with greater parity was reduced with increased physical activity. CONCLUSION: Early anthropometric measures and reproductive factors are significantly associated with BMI, overweight, and obesity among older women. The effects of childhood body weight, age at first birth, and parity may be modified by adult lifestyle choices, as well as age.
|
|
| 15. |
- Surkan, P. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Events after stillbirth in relation to maternal depressive symptoms: a brief report.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Birth. - 1523-536X. ; 35:2, s. 153-157
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Background: Actions taken after a stillbirth can affect long-term psychological morbidity. Our objective was to study how infant bonding and maternal actions after stillbirth are associated with ensuing depressive symptoms. Methods: Using the population-based Swedish Medical Birth Register, we identified all 380 Swedish-speaking women who gave birth to singleton stillborn infants in Sweden in 1991. Of these, 314 (83%) completed a postal questionnaire 3 years after the stillbirth. Items included actions taken to bond with the baby and demographics. The association between care-related factors and later maternal depressive symptoms was quantified using relative risks estimated using multivariable regression. Results: We observed an almost sevenfold increased risk of depressive symptoms for mothers who reported not being with their babies as long as they wished (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 6.9, 95% CI 2.4–19.8). Compared with women who became pregnant again within 6 months, those with no later pregnancy were at higher risk of depressive symptoms (adjusted RR 2.8, 95% CI 0.9–8.4). In addition, compared with women who experienced a stillbirth in their first pregnancy, stillbirth occurring with an infant who was third in the birth order was related to a twofold risk of elevated depressive symptoms (adjusted RR 2.2, 95% CI 0.8–6.4). Furthermore, stillbirth occurring in a fourth or later pregnancy was associated with an almost sevenfold risk of depressive symptomatology (adjusted RR 6.7, 95% CI 2.2–20.5). No evidence of an association was found between other care-related actions and subsequent maternal depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a mother being with the stillborn baby for as long as desired and the birth order of the stillbirth may influence her later depressive symptomatology. Compared with mothers who became pregnant again within 6 months, those who did not have a subsequent pregnancy were at higher risk of depressive symptoms at 3 years’ follow-up
|
|
| 16. |
- Surkan, P. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Home care of a child dying of a malignancy and parental awareness of a child's impending death
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Palliative Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2163 .- 1477-030X. ; 20:3, s. 161-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this population-based study, we found that parents who are aware that their child will die from a malignancy are more likely to care for their child at home during the child's last month of life compared to parents who are not aware. End-of-life home care was comparable to hospital care for satisfactory pain relief, access to pain relief and access to medications for other physical symptoms. Using an anonymous postal questionnaire, we obtained information from 449 parents in Sweden who had lost a child due to a malignancy between 1992 and 1997, 4 to 9 years before participating in our study. The prevalence of dying at home and being cared for at home during the last month of life was 23.7% when parents realized intellectually more than 1 month in advance that the child would die (versus 12% who did not), 28.7% for parents who sensed that the child was aware of his or her imminent death (versus 7.8% who did not sense this) and 21.9% for those who received information that the child's illness was incurable (versus 9.4% who did not receive the information). Prevalence of children's unrelieved pain was 11.6% for those receiving home care and 15.3% for those receiving care outside the home.
|
|
| 17. |
- Surkan, P. J., et al.
(författare)
-
Perceptions of inadequate health care and feelings of guilt in parents after the death of a child to a malignancy: a population-based long-term follow-up
- 2006
-
Ingår i: J Palliat Med. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1096-6218 .- 1557-7740. ; 9:2, s. 317-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Parental feelings of guilt can be a serious problem after the death of a child to a malignancy. This study identified predictors of feelings of guilt in parents during the year after a child's death. METHODS: The Swedish Cause of Death Register and Swedish Cancer Register were used to identify all parents in Sweden who had a child who died of a malignancy between 1992-1997. RESULTS: Among parents not reporting recent depression, those who were not confident that their child would immediately receive help from the staff in the hospital while he or she was sick with a malignancy (compared to those who felt partly or entirely sure, relative risk [RR] 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-7.6), were at increased risk for reporting daily or weekly feelings of guilt in the year after the child's death. Parents who perceived that the staff in the pediatric cancer ward were incompetent were at increased risk (compared to parents reporting partial or total competence, RR 3.7; 95% CI 1.6-8.6). Compared to parents reporting that their children had moderate or much access, those who felt their children had little or no access to pain relief, dietary advice, anxiety relief, and relief of other psychological symptoms beside anxiety were at more than two times greater risk for reporting feelings of guilt. CONCLUSIONS: Bereaved parents' perceptions of inadequate health care were associated with subsequent feelings of guilt during the year following their child's death due to a malignancy.
|
|
| 18. |
- Voskuil, D W, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the human intake of heterocyclic amines : Limited loss of information using reduced sets of questions
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 8:9, s. 809-814
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate loss of information from a reduced food frequency questionnaire as compared with an extensive reference method developed to assess the intake of heterocyclic amines (HCAs), Food frequency data were linked to concentrations of HCAs in cooked foods to estimate the individual daily exposure to a combination of five HCAs. The number of food items in the questionnaire was reduced and selected in three ways: (a) according to the contribution to the estimated total intake; (b) the between-person variance; or (c) dishes included in other studies. The effect on sensitivity, specificity, concordance, the correlation coefficient, kappa, and simulated relative risks was determined using information from a population-based study conducted in Stockholm. Only a limited amount of misclassification was introduced when the number of dishes was reduced from 39 to 15 or 20, and no major difference was seen when dishes were selected according to the total intake or the between-person variance. Our data indicate that for a specific exposure, such as HCAs, the loss of accuracy in an analytical epidemiological study is small and may not be relevant when the number of dishes in a food frequency questionnaire is decreased, if the initially chosen dishes are carefully selected and cover a reasonable part of the total intake or between-person variance.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Augustsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Dietary heterocyclic amines and cancer of the colon, rectum, bladder, and kidney : a population-based study
- 1999
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 353:9154, s. 703-707
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Heterocyclic amines formed in cooked meat and fish are carcinogenic in animal models and form DNA adducts in human beings. We undertook a study to assess whether these substances are related to the risks of cancer in the large bowel and urinary tract. Methods In a population-based case-control study, cases were identified from the Swedish cancer registry. Controls were randomly selected from the population register. Information on intake of various foods and was assessed by questionnaire, with photographs of foods cooked at various temperatures. We measured the content of heterocyclic amines in foods cooked under these conditions. Findings Information was retrieved from 553 controls, 352 cases of colon cancer, 249 cases of rectal cancer, 273 cases of bladder cancer, and 138 cases of kidney cancer. The response rate was 80% for controls and 70% for cases. The estimated daily median intake of heterocyclic amines was 77 ng for controls, and 66 ng, 63 ng, 96 ng, and 84 ng for cases with cancer of the colon, rectum, bladder, and kidney, respectively. The relative risk for the intake of heterocyclic amines (highest vs lowest quintile) was 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-1.0) for colon cancer, 0.7 (0.4-1.1) for rectal cancer, 1.2 (0.7-2.1) for bladder cancer, and 1.0 (0.5-1.9) for kidney cancer. Seven cases, but no controls, had an estimated daily intake of heterocyclic amines above 1900 ng. Interpretation Intake of heterocyclic amines, within the usual dietary range in this study population, is unlikely to increase the incidence of cancer in the colon, rectum, bladder, or kidney. For daily intakes above 1900 ng, our data are consistent with human carcinogenicity, but the precision was extremely low.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Bergmark, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Lymphedema and bladder-emptying difficulties after radical hysterectomy for early cervical cancer and among population controls
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Int J Gynecol Cancer. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 16:3, s. 1130-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to acquire knowledge that can be used to refine radical hysterectomy to improve quality-of-life outcome. Data were collected in 1996-1997 by means of an anonymous postal questionnaire in a follow-up study of two cohorts (patients and population controls). We attempted to enroll all 332 patients with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer registered in 1991-1992 at the seven departments of gynecological oncology in Sweden and 489 population controls. Ninety three (37%) of the 256 women with a history of cervical cancer who answered the questionnaire (77%) were treated with surgery alone. Three-hundred fifty population controls answered the questionnaire (72%). Women treated with radical hysterectomy, as compared with controls, had an 8-fold increase in symptoms indicating lymphedema (25% reported distress due to lymphedema), a nearly 9-fold increase in difficult emptying of the bladder, and a 22-fold increase in the need to strain to initiate bladder evacuation. Ninety percent of the patients were not willing to trade off survival for freedom from symptoms. Avoiding to induce long-term lymphedema or bladder-emptying difficulties would probably improve quality of life after radical hysterectomy (to cure cervical cancer). Few women want to compromise survival to avoid long-term symptoms.
|
|
| 25. |
- Bergmark, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Synergy between sexual abuse and cervical cancer in causing sexual dysfunction
- 2005
-
Ingår i: J Sex Marital Ther. - : Routledge. - 0092-623X .- 1521-0715. ; 31:5, s. 361-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiencing a sexual abuse creates a life-long traumatic memory. The life-long effect of such abuse on sexuality, well-being, the risk of contracting cervical cancer, or problems after treatment for cervical cancer is not known. A population-based follow-up study in 1996-97 that used an anonymous postal questionnaire for data collection, 256 women with stage IB-IIA cervical cancer registered in 1991-92 in Sweden, and 350 women without cervical cancer frequency matched for age and region of residence, provided information. Among the women with a history of cervical cancer and the control women, 46 (18%) and 50 (15%), respectively, reported a history of sexual abuse. The follow-up was 1-70 years after the sexual abuse. The relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) of decreased well-being was 2.4 (1.1-5.2) among controls and 2.7 (1.1-6.4) among former cervical cancer patients. A history of both sexual abuse and cervical cancer gave a relative risk of 30.0 (7.0-129.0) for superficial dyspareunia. Sexual abuse increased the risk of sexual problems after treatment. The sexually abused cervical cancer patients were generally less willing than other patients to trade off possible maximal survival and forgo parts of the treatment. A history of sexual abuse and cervical cancer are both independent risk factors for sexual dysfunction and decreased well-being, and there may be a large synergy when both factors are combined. Diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer may be improved by recognition of a sexual abuse history.
|
|
| 26. |
- Blombach, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
-
Archaeal MBF1 binds to 30S and 70S ribosomes via its helix-turn-helix domain
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Biochemical Journal. - 0264-6021 .- 1470-8728. ; 462, s. 373-384
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MBF1 (multi-protein bridging factor 1) is a protein containing a conserved HTH (helix-turn-helix) domain in both eukaryotes and archaea. Eukaryotic MBF1 has been reported to function as a transcriptional co-activator that physically bridges transcription regulators with the core transcription initiation machinery of RNA polymerase II. In addition, MBF1 has been found to be associated with polyadenylated mRNA in yeast as well as in mammalian cells. aMBF1 (archaeal MBF1) is very well conserved among most archaeal lineages; however, its function has so far remained elusive. To address this, we have conducted a molecular characterization of this aMBF1. Affinity purification of interacting proteins indicates that aMBF1 binds to ribosomal subunits. On sucrose density gradients, aMBF1 co-fractionates with free 30S ribosomal subunits as well as with 70S ribosomes engaged in translation. Binding of aMBF1 to ribosomes does not inhibit translation. Using NMR spectroscopy, we show that aMBF1 contains a long intrinsically disordered linker connecting the predicted N-terminal zinc-ribbon domain with the C-terminal HTH domain. The HTH domain, which is conserved in all archaeal and eukaryotic MBF1 homologues, is directly involved in the association of aMBF1 with ribosomes. The disordered linker of the ribosome-bound aMBF1 provides the N-terminal domain with high flexibility in the aMBF1 ribosome complex. Overall, our findings suggest a role for aMBF1 in the archaeal translation process.
|
|
| 27. |
- Brooks, D. R., et al.
(författare)
-
Temporal trends in non-small cell lung cancer survival in Sweden
- 2007
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 96:3, s. 519-522
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We modeled temporal trends in the 1- and 5-year survival of 32 499 patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in the Swedish Cancer Register between 1961 and 2000. The 1-year relative survival for adenocarcinoma improved from 37% for patients diagnosed 1961–1965 to 45% for those diagnosed 1996–2000 and from 39 to 45% for squamous cell carcinoma. The adjusted excess mortality ratios for the period 1996–2000 compared with 1961–1965 were 0.80 for adenocarcinoma and 0.81 for squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, a previous report in a Dutch study of a relatively worsening prognosis for adenocarcinoma over time could not be confirmed.
|
|
| 28. |
- Brouns, Stan J, et al.
(författare)
-
Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 321:5891, s. 960-964
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prokaryotes acquire virus resistance by integrating short fragments of viral nucleic acid into clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs). Here we show how virus-derived sequences contained in CRISPRs are used by CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins from the host to mediate an antiviral response that counteracts infection. After transcription of the CRISPR, a complex of Cas proteins termed Cascade cleaves a CRISPR RNA precursor in each repeat and retains the cleavage products containing the virus-derived sequence. Assisted by the helicase Cas3, these mature CRISPR RNAs then serve as small guide RNAs that enable Cascade to interfere with virus proliferation. Our results demonstrate that the formation of mature guide RNAs by the CRISPR RNA endonuclease subunit of Cascade is a mechanistic requirement for antiviral defense.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Dickman, P. W., et al.
(författare)
-
Hip fractures in men with prostate cancer treated with orchiectomy
- 2004
-
Ingår i: J Urol. - 0022-5347. ; 172:6 Pt 1, s. 2208-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Androgen deprivation therapy increases the risk of osteoporosis related fractures. This issue is of increasing importance in men with prostate cancer as increasingly more undergo androgen deprivation therapy and therapy is administered sooner following diagnosis. Data directly addressing the long-term fracture risk in men diagnosed with prostate cancer are limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using population based registries in Sweden we studied the incidence of hip fractures in 17,731 men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1964 to 1996 who were treated with bilateral orchiectomy within 6 months of diagnosis. The fracture incidence was compared to the incidence in 43,230 men diagnosed with prostate cancer but not treated with orchiectomy and in 362,354 of similar age who were randomly selected from the general population. RESULTS: Men treated with orchiectomy were at increased risk for hip fracture. The estimated relative risk comparing men who underwent orchiectomy to population controls was 2.11 (95% CI 1.94 to 2.29) for femoral neck fractures and 2.16 (95% CI 1.97 to 2.36) for intertrochanter fractures. An increased risk of hip fracture was observed as early as 6 months after orchiectomy and the relative risk remained fairly constant up to 15 years following orchiectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Hip fracture risk increases almost immediately following orchiectomy and the excess risk persists for at least 15 years. This side effect should be considered when assessing the merits of androgen deprivation therapy, particularly in symptom-free men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer. Measures to prevent osteoporosis should be considered in men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy.
|
|
| 32. |
- Ejerblad, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Association between smoking and chronic renal failure in a nationwide population-based case-control study
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - Philadelphia, USA : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1046-6673 .- 1533-3450. ; 15:8, s. 2178-2185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For determining whether smoking is associated with an increased risk for chronic renal failure (CRF) overall and by type of renal disease, smoking data were analyzed from a nationwide population-based case-control study. Eligible as cases were native 18- to 74-yr-old Swedes whose serum creatinine for the first time and permanently exceeded 3.4 mg/dl (men) or 2.8 mg/dl (women). A total of 926 cases (78% of all eligible) and 998 control subjects (75% of 1330 randomly selected subjects from the source population), frequency matched to the cases by gender and age within 10 yr, were included. A face-to-face interview and a self-administered questionnaire provided information about smoking habits and other lifestyle factors. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) as measures of relative risk for disease-specific types of CRF among smokers compared with never-smokers. Despite a modest and nonsignificant overall association, the risk increased with high daily doses (OR among smokers of >20 cigarettes/d, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 2.15), long duration (OR among smokers for >40 yr, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.09), and a high cumulative dose (OR among smokers with >30 pack-years, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.14). Smoking increased risk most strongly for CRF classified as nephrosclerosis (OR among smokers with >20 pack-years, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.8), but significant positive associations were also noted with glomerulonephritis. This study thus suggests that heavy cigarette smoking increases the risk of CRF for both men and women, at least CRF classified as nephrosclerosis and glomerulonephritis.
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
- Halthur, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Serum calcium and the risk of prostate cancer
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-7225 .- 0957-5243. ; 20:7, s. 1205-1214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have suggested an association between high dietary intake of calcium and the risk of prostate cancer. Calcium-rich diet has been suggested to affect the serum levels of Vitamin D, and thereby promote cancer. We conducted the largest study of the association between prediagnostic serum levels of calcium and the risk of prostate cancer. We examined the incidence of prostate cancer in relation to prediagnostic serum calcium levels in a prospective cohort study of 22,391 healthy Swedish men, of which 1,539 incident cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed during the 30 years of follow-up until December 2006. Serum levels of calcium were measured at baseline, and categorized into quartiles. Cox regression was used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found no evidence of an association between prediagnostic serum levels of calcium and risk of prostate cancer (HR for trend = 0.99 [95% CI;0.94-1.03]). However, a moderate significant negative association was seen in men with a BMI above 25 and aged below 45 years at baseline (Highest vs. lowest quartile, HR = 0.63 [95% CI;0.40-0.99]). These data do not support the hypothesis that high serum calcium levels is a risk factor for prostate cancer. On the contrary, the data suggest that high serum levels of calcium in young overweight men may be a marker for a decreased risk of developing prostate cancer.
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Hartman, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Is breast cancer prognosis inherited?
- 2006
-
Ingår i: BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT. - 0167-6806. ; 100, s. S185-S185
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 39. |
- Hartman, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Is breast cancer prognosis inherited?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Breast cancer research : BCR. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-542X. ; 9:3, s. R39-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Helgason, AR, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors associated with waning sexual function among elderly men and prostate cancer patients
- 1997
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF UROLOGY. - : WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0022-5347. ; 158:1, s. 155-159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We identified factors that affect sexual function in men 50 to 80 years old and, therefore, may confound the comparison among groups of elderly men. In particular, we identified factors that may influence a comparison between prostate cancer pat
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
