| 1. |
- Broushaki, Farnaz, et al.
(författare)
-
Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 353:6298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sequenced Early Neolithic genomes from the Zagros region of Iran (eastern Fertile Crescent), where some of the earliest evidence for farming is found, and identify a previously uncharacterized population that is neither ancestral to the first European farmers nor has contributed substantially to the ancestry of modern Europeans. These people are estimated to have separated from Early Neolithic farmers in Anatolia some 46,000 to 77,000 years ago and show affinities to modern-day Pakistani and Afghan populations, but particularly to Iranian Zoroastrians. We conclude that multiple, genetically differentiated hunter-gatherer populations adopted farming in southwestern Asia, that components of pre-Neolithic population structure were preserved as farming spread into neighboring regions, and that the Zagros region was the cradle of eastward expansion.
|
|
| 2. |
- Diekmann, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of comorbidities and co-medication on disease onset and progression in a large German ALS patient group
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - : Springer. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 267:7, s. 2130-2141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with loss of muscle function. The pathogenesis is still unclear and the heterogeneity of ALS phenotypes is huge. We investigated a large population of ALS patients and controls concerning comorbidities and medications to detect specific risk or protective factors regarding onset and progression of ALS.Methods: We investigated a cohort of 200 ALS patients pro- and retrospectively compared to a control group. For comparison of frequencies of comorbidities and medication intake, uni- and multivariate binary logistic regressions were performed. To analyze the influence of comorbidities and medication on the progression of ALS, we used linear regression analysis.Results: ALS patients showed a relevantly higher prevalence of strokes and depression compared to controls. Moreover, ALS patients reported relevantly more often regular physical activity and their BMI was lower. The coexistence of coronary heart disease was associated with a relevantly faster disease progression. Intake of contraceptives was relevantly higher in controls compared with ALS patients.Conclusions: Our results suggest stroke, lower BMI, and regular physical activity as risk factors for ALS. Strokes could be a possible trigger of the pathogenetic pathway of ALS and the lower BMI with consecutively lower rate of hyperlipidemia supports the hypothesis of premorbid hypermetabolism in ALS patients. Coexistence of coronary heart disease possibly has a negative influence on respiratory involvement. Contraceptives could be beneficial due to a protective effect of estrogen. Information on influencing factors can help to elucidate the pathogenesis of ALS or provide approaches for possible therapeutic options.
|
|
| 3. |
- Schmitzberger, Florian F, et al.
(författare)
-
Development of low-dose photon-counting contrast-enhanced tomosynthesis with spectral imaging
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Radiology. - : Radiological Society of North America (RSNA). - 0033-8419 .- 1527-1315. ; 259:2, s. 558-564
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of low-dose photon-counting tomosynthesis in combination with a contrast agent (contrast material-enhanced tomographic mammography) for the differentiation of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: All studies were approved by the institutional review board, and all patients provided written informed consent. A phantom model with wells of iodinated contrast material (3 mg of iodine per milliliter) 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 mm in diameter was assessed. Nine patients with malignant lesions and one with a high-risk lesion (atypical papilloma) were included (all women; mean age, 60 7 years). A multislit photon-counting tomosynthesis system was utilized (spectral imaging) to produce both low- and high-energy tomographic data (below and above the k edge of iodine, respectively ) in a single scan, which allowed for dual-energy visualization of iodine. Images were obtained prior to contrast material administration and 120 and 480 seconds after contrast material administration. Four readers independently assessed the images along with conventional mammograms, ultrasonographic images, and magnetic resonance images. Glandular dose was estimated. Results: Contrast agent was visible in the phantom model with simulated spherical tumor diameters as small as 5 mm. The average glandular dose was measured as 0.42 mGy per complete spectral imaging tomosynthesis scan of one breast. Because there were three time points (prior to contrast medium administration and 120 and 480 seconds after contrast medium administration), this resulted in a total dose of 1.26 mGy for the whole procedure in the breast with the abnormality. Seven of 10 cases were categorized as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score of 4 or higher by all four readers when reviewing spectral images in combination with mammograms. One lesion near the chest wall was not captured on the spectral image because of a positioning problem. Conclusion: The use of contrast-enhanced tomographic mammography has been demonstrated successfully in patients with promising diagnostic benefit. Further studies are necessary to fully assess diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
|
|
