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- Dige, N, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced capacity in a dichotic memory test for adult patients with ADHD
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of attention disorders. - : SAGE Publications. - 1557-1246 .- 1087-0547. ; 13:6, s. 677-683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate whether a dichotic memory test would reveal deficits in short-term working-memory recall and long-term memory recall in a group of adult patients with ADHD. Methods: A dichotic memory test with ipsilateral backward speech distraction in an adult ADHD group ( n = 69) and a control group ( n = 66) is used to compare performance between the groups and inside the subgroups of ADHD diagnosed with DSM-IV. Results: The ADHD participants showed significant impairment in the dichotic memory test compared with control participants when controlled for age, sex, and education. Study findings reveal that there is no difference in subdivision in the three ADHD subgroups of DSM-IV. A discriminant analysis shows an overall classification rate of 78% and specific in ADHD 80%. Conclusions: The results indicate that the dichotic test is measuring one of the important ADHD deficits. (J. of Att. Dis. 2010; 13(6) 677-683)
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- Landtblom, Anne-Marie, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A case of Kleine-Levin syndrome examined with SPECT and neuropsychological testing
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 105:4, s. 318-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A case of Kleine-Levin syndrome with typical periodic hypersomnia and bulemia was diagnosed. On examination with single photo emission tomography (SPECT) (CERETEC«) during a relapse period and 2 weeks later there was marked cortical hypoperfusion of the frontal and temporal lobes, especially on the left side as well as in the right parietal lobe. Neuropsychological testing performed 1 week after a relapse showed a reduction in encoding to memory function of verbal learning indicating neocortical damage of the left fronto-temporal region. A follow-up 2 months later after the patient had spontaneously recovered showed only a slight left fronto-temporal disturbance. CT and MRI of the brain were normal although the MRI showed a large and asymmetric mamillary body. Neuropsychological testing 6 years after recovery showed pronounced reduction in short-time verbal and visual memory. Seven years after recovery SPECT demonstrated a normalized frontal perfusion but still a slight hypoperfusion in the left temporal lobe. Our results correlate to autopsy findings in two cases described previously.
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- Landtblom, Anne-Marie, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term memory dysfunction in Kleine-Levin syndrome
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 108:5, s. 363-367
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background - A previous investigation at our department of a young man with typical Kleine-Levin syndrome revealed short-term memory dysfunction as well as hypoperfusion of the temporal lobes on single photon emission tomography (SPECT) (CERETECR) examination, 6 and 7 years after recovery, suggesting long lasting or even permanent cerebral dysfunction. Patients and methods - We investigated four cases with classical adolescent Kleine-Levin syndrome characterized by hypersomnia and typical associated symptoms. We used neuropsychological testing and SPECT (CERETECR) of the brain. The results from the previous report related to above is included. Results - Examination with SPECT (CERETECR) during remission revealed hypoperfusion of the temporal lobes and fronto-temporal region in two of four cases. There were normal findings in two. Neuropsychological testing performed during remission showed reduction in the short-term memory capacity in all four cases. Conclusion - It is striking that all the cases investigated showed short-term memory dysfunction. One patient who had recovered from paroxysmal symptoms (hypersomnia attacks and bulimia) 6 years earlier showed progress in the short-term memory dysfunction. A pathologic condition in the temporal lobes may be suspected in Kleine-Levin syndrome.
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- Niklasson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Are deficits in the equilibrium system relevant to the clinical investigation of solvent-induced neurotoxicity?
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 23:3, s. 206-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy is commonly based on case histories of exposure to solvents, symptoms, and deficits on psychometric tests. It has previously been demonstrated that long-term solvent-exposed workers have disturbances of the equilibrium system. The correlation between these disturbances and the diagnosis of chronic toxic encephalopathy has been analyzed in the present study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty men, consecutively admitted due to the suspicion of this syndrome, were investigated and classified into 3 groups--solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy, incipient chronic toxic encephalopathy and nonchronic toxic encephalopathy. They were all examined using an otoneurological test battery, including analysis of saccades, smooth pursuit, visual suppression of the vestibular ocular reflex, and dynamic posturography. RESULTS: Compared with healthy referents several of the subjects, even in the nonchronic toxic encephalopathy group, showed a reduced visual suppression ability, a prolonged latency of saccades, and pathological posturographic results. Some otoneurological tests correlated with the duration of exposure and the results of psychometric tests representing memory and perceptual skills. Nevertheless, there was no significant group correlation between the otoneurological findings and the diagnosis of chronic toxic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Disturbances revealed by an otoneurological investigation have so far not been considered in the diagnosis of chronic toxic encephalopathy. Our results indicate that an otoneurological test battery adds worthwhile information about lesions within the brainstem-cerebellar complex not revealed by a psychometric investigation.
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- Sparring Björkstén, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A computerized human reference brain for rCBF/SPET technetium-99m exametazime (HMPAO) investigation of elderly
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 24:4, s. 196-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the bull's eye approach, a reference brain from the single photon emission tomography (SPET) images of 10 subjects aged 62-81 years with excellent mental and physical health was constructed. SPET images were acquired twice, 1 week apart, using a single detector rotating gamma camera collecting 64 planar images over a 360° orbit. The centre of each transaxial slice was first defined with an automatic edge detecting algorithm applied to an anterior-posterior and a side profile of the brain. Each slice was divided into 40 sectors. Maximum counts/pixel in each sector was picked. The 40 maximum count values from one transaxial slice were allowed to form a horizontal row in a new parametric image on the x-axis and slice number from the vertex to the basal parts of the brain on the y-axis. This new image was scaled to a 64 × 16 pixel matrix by interpolation, which meant a normalization of all studies to the same size. The parametric image in each subject was scaled with regard to intensity by a factor calculated by a normalization procedure using the least squares analysis. Mean and SD for each pixel were calculated, thereby constructing a 'mean parametric image', and a 'SD parametric image'. These two images are meant to be used as the reference brain for evaluation of patient studies. This method can be used for objective measurements of diffuse brain changes and for pattern recognition in larger groups of patients. Statistical multifactorial analysis of parameters used for acquisition and data processing is possible. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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- Thoumas, K.-Å., et al.
(författare)
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MR imaging in solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 37:2, s. 177-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To use MR to examine patients with CNS symptoms indicating chronic intoxication. Material and Methods: Thirty-two subjects exposed to industrial solvents for 5 to 28 years and 40 age-matched, healthy controls were examined. Results: All patients showed decreased signal in the basal ganglia on T2-weighted images. In 11 of the patients the white matter showed diffuse hyperintensity with loss of the grey-white matter discrimination and with distinct periventricular hyperintensities in 5 of the patients. The controls had no pathological changes in the brain. Conclusion: Although the relatively small number of patients may obscure the significance, findings observed on T2-weighted images were patchy periventricular hyperintensities and hypointensities in the basal ganglia. Fast spin-echo is a good technique with fast acquisition of images with true spin-echo contrast features.
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