| 1. |
- Rossignoli, Araceli E., et al.
(författare)
-
Toxicity characterisation of Gambierdiscus species from the Canary Islands
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Toxins. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6651. ; 12:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade, several outbreaks of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) have been reported in the Canary Islands (central northeast Atlantic Ocean), confirming ciguatera as an emerging alimentary risk in this region. Five Gambierdiscus species, G. australes, G. excentricus, G. silvae, G. carolinianus and G. caribaeus, have been detected in macrophytes from this area and are known to produce the ciguatoxins (CTXs) that cause CFP. A characterization of the toxicity of these species is the first step in identifying locations in the Canary Islands at risk of CFP. Therefore, in this study the toxicity of 63 strains of these five Gambierdiscus species were analysed using the erythrocyte lysis assay to evaluate their maitotoxin (MTX) content. In addition, 20 of the strains were also analysed in a neuroblastoma Neuro-2a (N2a) cytotoxicity assay to determine their CTX-like toxicity. The results allowed the different species to be grouped according to their ratios of CTX-like and MTX-like toxicity. MTX-like toxicity was especially high in G. excentricus and G. australes but much lower in the other species and lowest in G. silvae. CTX-like toxicity was highest in G. excentricus, which produced the toxin in amounts ranging between 128.2 ± 25.68 and 510.6 ± 134.2 fg CTX1B equivalents (eq) cell-1 (mean ± SD). In the other species, CTX concentrations were as follows: G. carolinianus (100.84 ± 18.05 fg CTX1B eq cell-1), G. australes (31.1 ± 0.56 to 107.16 ± 21.88 fg CTX1B eq cell-1), G. silvae (12.19 ± 0.62 to 76.79 ± 4.97 fg CTX1B eq cell-1) and G. caribaeus (
|
|
| 2. |
- Toldrà Filella, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Detecting harmful algal blooms with nucleic acid amplification-based biotechnological tools
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 749
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent a growing threat to aquatic ecosystems and humans. Effective HAB management and mitigation efforts strongly rely on the availability of timely and in-situ tools for the detection of microalgae. In this sense, nudeic acid-based (molecular) methods are being considered for the unequivocal identification of miaoalgae as an attractive alternative to the currently used time-consuming and laboratory-based light microscopy techniques. This review provides an overview of the progress made on new molecular biotechnological tools for microalgal detection, particularly focusing on those that combine a nudeic acid (DNA or RNA) amplification step with detection. Different types of amplification processes (thermal and isothermal) and detection formats (e.g. microarrays, biosensors, lateral flows) are presented, and a comprehensive overview of their advantages and limitations is provided Although isothermal techniques are an attractive alternative to thermal amplification to reach in-situ analysis, further development is still required. Finally, current challenges, critical steps and future directions of the whole analysis process ( from sample procurement to in-situ implementation) are described.
|
|
