| 1. |
- Ddamba Kibuuka, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
-
Urban Decision-making and Expert Integration
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this Deliverable 2.2 on Urban Decision-making and Expert Integration is to provide an overview of existing approaches, processes, tools and techniques to urban decision-making, and the usage of expert knowledge as well as data and more and more ‘big data’ to support decisions.
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| 2. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne
(författare)
-
Anwendungsorientierung und Empirische Forschung in der Softwaretechnik.
- 2001
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirische Forschung und Kooperation mit Industrie werden für die Softwaretechnik immer wichtiger. Methoden und Werkzeuge aus der Forschung müssen sich in dieser Praxis bewähren. Sinnvoll ist daher, sie zusammen mit denjenigen zu entwickeln, die sie später vielleicht anwenden werden. Anwendbarkeit von Software ist immer noch eine der problematischsten Eigenschaften. Mehr als 70% der Softwareentwicklungskosten entfallen auf Wartung, (Nosek, Palvia 1990) ein Grossteil davon auf ?perfektive' Wartung, die Anpassung von Software an sich ändernde oder sich mit erst in der Nutzung herauskristallisierende Anforderungen. Evolutionäre Softwareentwicklung und Methoden, die die Teilnahme von künftigen Anwendern bei der Gestaltung von Software zulassen, sind mittlerweile fast 15 Jahre alt. Trotzdem werden sie in industriellen Kontexten kaum, zumindest nicht bewusst, eingesetzt. Mittels empirischer Forschung, die eine kooperative Methodenentwicklung unterstützt, kann es gelingen, anwendbarere Methoden zu entwickeln.
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| 3. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Can Software Development be too Use Oriented? Going Native as an issue in Participatory Design.
- 2001
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In participatory design there is a risk that the emphasis on the co-operation with future users let the developers forget to step back and reflect on what they learned. In this article we report about a case study of a software project and the resulting system. In spite of a user oriented way of developing the system, problems showed up both when using the software and when the developers later tried to modify it. Part of the reason for the problems was the (lack of) structure in the system. We use the 'going native' - a well discussed methodological issue in ethnography - as a metaphor. The ethnographer have to both 'go native' to be able to understand the culture studied but also step back and reflect. In the same way the software developer has to 'step back' and reflect and form their own conceptual model.
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| 4. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Co-Operative Method Development revisited
- 2005
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last five years, we applied a research approach we call 'Co-operative Method Development' formulated on first experience with empirical research focusing especially on the social side of software engineering. This position paper summarizes the experiences and discusses the improvement and further development of this research approach based on our experiences in different research projects in co-operation with industrial partners.
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| 5. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne
(författare)
-
Computeranwendungen und sprachlicher Kontext. Zu den Wechselwirkungen zwischen normaler und formaler Sprache bei Einsatz und Entwicklung von Software
- 1997
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Menschliche Sprache wird in der traditionellen Softwaretechnik als Problem betrachtet. Sie gilt als ungenuegend zur Spezifikation und Entwicklung von Computeranwendungen. Die Flexibilität und Offenheit normaler Sprache ermöglicht es auf der anderen Seite, ueber immer neue Bereiche auf verschiedenste Art zu kommunizieren und zu reflektieren. Wie kann diese kreative Seite menschlicher Sprache bei Entwicklung und Gestaltung von Software beruecksichtigt werden? Anhand des Begriffs der symbolischen Maschine von Sybille Krämer und der Sprachtheorien Humboldts und Wittgensteins werden die im Kontext der Argumentation wichtigen Eigenschaften formaler und normaler Sprache herausgearbeitet. Ansätze zur Gestaltung von Computeranwendungen, die ihre Einbettung in nrmale Sprache beruecksichtigen, und zur Einbeziehung von normlaer Sprache bei der Softwareentwicklung werden aufgezeigt.
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| 6. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperative method development : Combining qualitative empirical research with method, techniqueand process improvement
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Empirical Software Engineering. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1382-3256 .- 1573-7616. ; 13:3, s. 231-260
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of methods tools and process improvements is best to be based on the understanding of the development practice to be supported. Qualitative research has been proposed as a method for understanding the social and cooperative aspects of software development. However, qualitative research is not easily combined with the improvement orientation of an engineering discipline. During the last 6 years, we have applied an approach we call ‘cooperative method development’, which combines qualitative social science fieldwork, with problem-oriented method, technique and process improvement. The action research based approach focusing on shop floor software development practices allows an understanding of how contextual contingencies influence the deployment and applicability of methods, processes and techniques. This article summarizes the experiences and discusses the further development of this approach based on several research projects in cooperation with industrial partners.
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| 7. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Design for Change
- 2001
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report summarises the first year of the research project 'Design for Design in Use of Database Applications'. It focuses on end user tailoring and adaptable systems.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne
(författare)
-
Developing a Language for Participation. Project Language as a Meeting Place for Users and Developers in Participatory Software Development
- 1998
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During participatory development different professional groups with different professional languages meet. They have to communicate about the future software in a profound way. To enable that, a common way to talk about the future software has to be developed, relating concepts of the use context and concepts of software development. An example of the development of such a project language is given and the relevance of this for design is argued for. To support the development of a project language a toolkit is provided in which methods are compiled that respects the creative side of ordinary language.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
End User Development and Infrastructuring : Sustaining Organizational Innovation Capabilities
- 2017
-
Ingår i: New Perspectives in End-User Development. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319602905 - 9783319602912 ; , s. 165-206
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, both businesses and public organizations need to be able to innovate and continuously develop their services and processes along with the underpinning IT infrastructure. We argue that End-User Development (EUD) becomes a necessary part of the innovation capability that underpins such service and process innovation. The book chapter presents a meta-analysis of two case studies. The analysis shows how the need for change in both cases brought about an organizationally established sustainable practice of EUD, where empowered employees cooperated with IT professionals in the development and evolution of an IT infrastructure based on flexible technologies. The chapter further discusses how such practices are supported by (participatory) organizational IT management structures and processes. Finally, it discusses how EUD in this way contributes to the innovation capability of the organization. The conclusion points to transferability of the insights gained and provides suggestions for future research.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
From Knowledge Transfer to Situated Innovation : Cultivating spaces for co-operation in innovation and design between academics, user-groups and ICT providers
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Innovation systems, ‘triple helix’, and similar expressions, are used to conceptualise the growing need for more integrated forms of co-operation between academia and other societal actors, such as governmental agencies and industry, in order to produce knowledge relevant for society. However, there is as yet little reported experience from such recent and on-going co-operative projects of how research changes when it becomes involved in practices it is meant to contribute to. In this paper, the authors report about three different research projects where researchers co-operated with governmental agencies and industry around the development of ICT. Evidence from three domains, namely e-government, telecommunications and welfare services, indicates the need for problematising current mainstream understandings of innovation. Innovation, as we see it, is occurring through configurations of designers, developers and domain experts that form constituencies and where scientific knowledge is confronted by requirements, constraints and possibilities of the specific situation. In this context innovation of, or involving, ICT requires a significant amount of imagination, represents a relatively sharp break with established ways of doing things, and requires artful integration of different professional practices, communities, and technologies. We define these creative processes of co-development of work practices, organisations and technology as ‘situated innovation’.
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| 14. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
From Knowledge Transfer to Situated Innovation
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innovation systems, triple helix, and similar expressions, are used to conceptualise the growing need for more integrated forms of co-operation between academia and other societal actors, such as governmental agencies and industry, in order to produce knowledge relevant for society. However, there is as yet little reported experience from such recent and on-going co-operative projects of how research changes when it becomes involved in practices it is meant to contribute to. In this paper, the authors report about three different research projects where researchers co-operated with governmental agencies and industry around the development of ICT. Evidence from three domains, namely e-government, telecommunications and welfare services, indicates the need for problematising current mainstream understandings of innovation. Innovation, as we see it, is occurring through configurations of designers, developers and domain experts that form constituencies and where scientific knowledge is confronted by requirements, constraints and possibilities of the specific situation. In this context innovation of, or involving, ICT requires a significant amount of imagination, represents a relatively sharp break with established ways of doing things, and requires artful integration of different professional practices, communities, and technologies. We define these creative processes of co-development of work practices, organisations and technology as situated innovation.
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| 15. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne
(författare)
-
How to make Sense of Software. Interpretability as an Issue for Design.
- 1998
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the context of CSCW ? especially through ethnomethodological work place studies - the stability of particular work practices and therefore the ability to design software that fits with continually evolving work practices is questioned. This challenge for software development has been called 'design for unanticipated use'. Using the concept of interpretability, I attempt to answer this challenge. A semiotic perspective on computer applications as formal symbol manipulation systems is introduced. A case study involving three alternative ways of using a computer application shows how users make sense of such symbolic machines. Wittgenstein's concept of language games is used as a 'figure of thought' to relate practice, language, and the use of symbolic machines. The development of an interpretation, fitting the implemented symbol manipulation and supporting the specific understanding of the task, remains crucial for competent use. Interpretability is introduced as a quality of computer applications. In order how to support the user in developing her own interpretation, a concept for help systems is described.
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| 16. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
How use-oriented development can take place
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 46:9, s. 603-617
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Usability is still a problem for software development. As the introduced software changes the use context, use qualities cannot be fully anticipated. Close co-operation between users and developers during development has been proposed as a remedy. Others fear such involvement of users as it might jeopardize planning and control. Based on the observation of an industrial project, we show how user participation and control can be achieved at the same time. The present article discusses the specific measures that allowed for co-operation between users and developers in an industrial context. It indicates measures to improve software development by focusing on use-orientation, i.e. allowing for user-developer co-operation.
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| 17. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning through Situated Innovation. Why the specific is crucial for Participatory Design Research
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems. - : IRIS Association. - 0905-0167. ; 26:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Specific, situated Participatory Design (PD) practices have always been at the heart of Participatory Design research. The role of the very situatedness and specificity of PD practice for theory-building within PD research is, however, seldom discussed explicitly. In this article, we explore why and in which ways the specificity and situatedness of PD practices are crucial for PD research. We do so by developing the notion of PD as situated innovation based on a pragmatic epistemology. PD research aims at developing and continuously unfolding what PD can, might and should be. We show implications of such a pragmatic epistemology of PD on understanding and arguing for PD research approaches. These concepts are illustrated referring to PD practices as experienced in PD research projects. Our epistemological argumentation supports the emphasis on exploring new PD practices and learning and theorizing about PD from the specificities, in line with recent debate contributions.
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| 18. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Making e-Government Happen. Everyday co-development of services, citizenship and technology.
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a joint research project concerning the use and design of IT in public services, we are using a simple figure of on-going, design-oriented interactions to highlight shifting foci on relationships of codevelopment of services, citzenship and technology. We bring together a number of concrete examples of this on-going everyday co-development, presented from the different perspectives that we, as researchers from different disciplines and traditions, represent in the project. The article explores and discusses wokring relations of technology production and use that we see as central to what is actually making e-government happen - or not happen. The main challenge in this area, as we see it, concerns making visible, and developing supportive infrastructures for, the continuing local adaptation, development and design in use of integrated IT and public services.
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| 19. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
PD in the Wild : Evolving Practices of Design in Use
- 2002
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The when and where of participatory design has traditionally been set, primarily, by the software design project. However, modern IT networks with a variety of applications from different software providers, new web-design tools, and the integration of customization processes with on-going version management, are just a few of the developments that are moving participation around IT design issues beyond the traditional software project. Using examples from a research project focusing on existing work practices and IT in use in public service administration, we explore various understandings of design, which challenge some of the assumptions underlying the basic framework of participatory design. If design is seen as continually on-going, and intricately interwoven with use, this raises several important issues for participatory design. It highlights design for change. It points towards the need for reconsidering software design processes. It brings into focus issues of coordination between use, design in use and adaptation and development. Crucially, it raises issues about shop floor IT management, that is, organizational and technical support for local adapting, and continual design and development in use, of IT, and the need for models and methods for sustainable, distributed co-constructive design processes.
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| 20. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Researching cooperation and communication in continuous software engineering
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings 2018 ACM/IEEE 11th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, CHASE 2018. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450357258 ; Part F137813, s. 87-90
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous Software Engineering (CSE) - -continuous development and deployment of software - -and DevOps - -the close cooperation or integration of operations and software development - -is about to change how software is developed. Together with the tighter integration of development and operations also with usage this will change coordination and collaboration both between IT professionals and between developers and users. In this short paper, we discuss the CHASE dimension of three core research themes that begin to crystallize in literature. This position paper is intended as a 'call to arms' for the CHASE community to study CSE.
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| 21. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne
(författare)
-
Shopping Web-shopping Web-shop Web-selling Selling Teaching Software Development together with Work Practice Studies
- 1999
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article I want to share the experiences of developing an interdisciplinary course which brings together design oriented work practice studies and software development. The development and the teaching of this course took place as part of the study program 'People, Computers, and Work' bringing together human work science and computer science. To relate work practice studies and software development in a fruitful way, we had to change not only the organization of the projects and the layout of the course. It required also relating paradigms and methods on both sides. The teachers had to learn about each other's disciplines, too. An example of one of the projects - a web-shop for stationary - illustrates the way the students worked. Us teachers learned also a lot: Both ethnographic methods to study the workplace and software development methods change if really brought together. The variety of ways of relating work practice studies to software development surprised us. We explored common themes relevant for the interdisciplinary practice. And we learned a lot about how to teach this kind of projects.
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| 22. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Situated Innovation. Exploring co-operation in innovation and design between researchers and users and providers of ICT
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-operation between research and industry and society, and the notion of innovation systems, are high on the agenda of national as well as international research politics. However, how to make co-operation between researchers and practitioners work, and what kind of research results could come out of such co-operation, is hardly discussed. The article uses evidence from three projects in the areas e-government and telecommunication to reflect on such co-operation. Scientific understanding and practices of design, development and use of ICT challenge and inform each other in these co-operative projects, which we have started to refer to as ‘situated innovation’. The article discusses the role of the researcher in such contexts, the character of the research results, and means to co-ordinate different rhythms and rationales in order to make research and practices of ICT development and use mutually enhancing.
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| 23. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Tailoring Co-operation
- 2003
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tailoring is an area of research in CSCW that allows interlacing design and use in a radical new way. Tailoring is closely related to end-user programming (e.g. spreadsheet development)and a general term to encompass both endeavours is End-User Development. This workshop address tailorability in context of evolving existing systems and applications to the needs of cooperative work practices and organisations. It includes also the cooperative activates of tailoring itself; i.e. collaboration between end users to accomplish tailoring and indirect collaboration between developers and end users to simplify the understanding of tailorable systems. The goal of the workshop is to compare and relate existing research on tailoring and enduser development in the CSCW community, to explore the challenges and future potentials of these technologies, and to identify further directions for research on end-user development in cooperative settings. The workshop is organised in co-operation with the European network of excellence on End-User development. (http://giove.cnuce.cnr.it/eud-net.htm
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| 24. |
- Dittrich, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
-
Talking Design : Co-Construction and Use of Representations in Software Development
- 1999
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software development differs from other design work insofar as the object to be designed is not visible. Representations play an important role. Even as they only describe aspects of the later software, they mediate the common design work. Software engineering literature focuses on persistent representations, documents, diagrams, mock-ups, or similar things. Our article puts 'talking design', where the software is represented in utterances, sounds, and enactment, in the centre. With the help of concepts from the CSCW discourse, we conceptualise what is happening here; the collaborative object for the design talk is not given, it has to be collectively constructed. Software development can be regarded as routine co-construction. In our case the protocol of that design meeting seemed to serve as a reminder for the participants rather than as in itself representing the design decided upon. The design meeting, we focus in this article, was part of a distributed software development project, with a larger project situated in Ronneby, Sweden and a smaller one in Oulu, Finland. If important parts of design are collectively constructed during such meetings, what does that imply for co-operation, co-ordination and division of labour in software development projects? How can a common practice be developed among distributed work groups?
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Ekelin, Annelie, et al.
(författare)
-
KomInDu : A Small Project about Big Issues
- 2004
-
Ingår i: The proceedings from the biennial Participatory Conferences (PDC)2004. - Toronto : CPSR. - 1581138512
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this short paper, we present glimpses from an interdisciplinary research and development project aimed at enhancing local democracy by developing ICT support for the consultation process around the comprehensive plan of a municipality. For the participating researchers, the project offered the opportunity of combining and comparing approaches and methods from two different design traditions that share democratic ideals and ambitions of nurturing citizen/user participation in design processes. This proved to be more challenging than we had originally anticipated. Differences in perspective gave different interpretations of the design context as well as of how participatory the processes actually were.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Eriksén, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring issues of accountability in design of ICT for public services
- 2002
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the inter-disciplinary research and development project Design of IT in Use; supportive technologies for citizens? services (DitA), we are studying the use, design and continual support and development of computer support for public administration and information services offered by one-stop shops. Our main focus is on the ongoing integration of such systems with public electronic information systems, and on new developments and design to meet the increasing complexity and diversity of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies). One of the aims of our research is to participate in developing new forms for citizens' access to public services via Internet. The DitA-project is funded by the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems, VINNOVA, During our ethnographic field studies of work practices in public service one-stop shops, we have observed how closely interwoven people?s on-going choices of action and use of technology are with issues of accountability. This, in turn, has lead us to question whether the importance of considering and supporting accountability issues and needs is perhaps underestimated in the design and development of ICT. Even when designers deliberately focus on use- and action-oriented concepts such as usability and actability, it doesn?t necessarily follow that accountability surfaces as an explicit issue for design. When it does, it is often narrowed down to questions of human-computer interface design, and focused on system accountability versus the user (form and content of feedback information, etc). However, accountability issues, when explored in specific use contexts, are closely linked to social and organizational issues on a number of different levels. Accountability itself, when focused through the prism of people in action, becomes multifarious and ambiguous, begging further exploration of context and involved relationships. In the DitA project, we have deliberately attempted to focus on the concept of accountability in action and how it can be supported and mediated by the design of ICT infrastructures.
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| 29. |
- Eriksén, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
It Takes More Than Two... Developing a TANGO-Arena for Regional Cooperation around E-government
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The TANGO e-government arena is an on-going project in Southern Sweden, funded by the Innovative Actions of the European Regional Development Fund. The aim of the project is to establish cooperation between the public sector, private enterprise and university-based research in designing public e-services. Our starting point is e-government understood as co-construction of technology, society and citizenship in everyday life. This approach is based on the Scandinavian Tradition of Participatory Design, but also motivated by on-going technological development. In cooperating around development of new, integrated services, catering to various categories of users as well as to a growing diversity of mobile technologies, we are aiming to establish feedback channels between practice and theory, between use and design, and between different academic disciplines where we see a need to synchronize the models and methods we work with. Our current research questions focus on exploring and managing multi-perspectivity as a resource for design.
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| 30. |
- Eriksén, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
What have we learned from the TANGO arena for regional cooperation in Southern Sweden?
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Electronic Government. - Zaragoza : Springer Verlag. - 9783540229162 ; , s. 156-163
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The TANGO e-government arena is a project in Southern Sweden, funded by the Innovative Actions of the European Regional Development Fund. The project is now nearing its end, and we are thus at the stage of reflectively reviewing what has actually been accomplished and how this relates to the original goals of the project. In July 2002, when the project began, the aim was to establish cooperation between the public sector, private enterprise and university-based research in designing public e-services. In cooperating around development of new, integrated services, catering to various categories of users as well as to a growing diversity of mobile technologies, we have aimed towards es-tablishing feedback channels between practice and theory, between use and design, and between different academic disciplines where we see a need to synchronize the models and methods we work with. Our research questions have focused on exploring and managing multi-perspectivity as a resource for design. In this paper we look at how we organized our cooperation around these goals, and attempt to address those basic summing-up-the-project questions; How well have we succeeded? What have we learned in the process?
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Eriksson, Jeanette, et al.
(författare)
-
Leaving Variability Management to the End User; A Comparison Between Different Tailoring Approaches
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To enable software to fulfill user requirements over time and meet changes in, for example, business environments, software variability is needed. One way to achieve variability is through tailoring. However, some kind of variability management is needed in order to take advantage of variability. With a tailorable system we mean a system that is designable when it is in use. This means that some design decisions are postponed until the system is up and running. It is the end-user who will adjust the program to fit altered requirements through, for example, run-time configuration. In other words, tailoring requires that the variability management of the system is left to the end user. In this article we present three different examples of tailoring and in the form of a comparison between the three approaches we identify and discuss some issues which must be considered when variability management is left to the end user.
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| 33. |
- Fiedler, Markus, et al.
(författare)
-
E-government as co-construction : Networks, accountability, and working relations of technology production and use
- 2003
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project within which this paper was co-authored focuses on the domain of e-government and is a deliberate attempt by the involved partners to cultivate and expand local and regional spaces for situated innovation, design and development of public services and ICT use in the public sector. Our starting point is e-government understood as co-construction. The project is currently being funded by the Innovative Actions within ERDF, the European Regional Development unding. The partners of the e-overnment arena are public service providers, ICT providers and researchers from a number of different disciplines. In this paper, we focus on communication networks and accountability. Are communication networks enablers or disablers for e-government services, and how can they be held accountable to their users? To what extent might we need to help each other unpack ‘black boxes’ and exchange them for ‘glass boxes’ in communicating with users and across disciplinary boundaries? Using metaphors and models from telecommunications, software engineering, informatics, business administration and human work science, and inspired by the Scandinavian tradition of Participatory Design, we attempt to establish a common basis to explore the evolving technologies and practices in e-government.
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| 34. |
- Hansson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
Agile Processes Enhancing User Participation for Small Providers of Off-the-Shelf Software
- 2004
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To survive in todayrsquos competitive software market, software developers must maintain contact with their customers and users and adopt a flexible organization which allows response to feedback and the changing requirements from the use-context. This also requires a software development that enables change proposals and error reports to be acted upon quickly. The present article uses a case study of a flexible development practice which so far has proved to be sustainable and successful to reconsider user involvement and software development practices of small software providers from an agile perspective. Implementing an agile process may allow for competitive flexibility without necessarily jeopardizing quality.
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| 35. |
- Hansson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
How agile are industrial software development practices?
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 79:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Representatives from the agile development movement claim that agile ways of developing software are more fitting to what is actually needed in industrial software development. If this is so, successful industrial software development should already exhibit agile characteristics. This article therefore aims to examine whether that is the case. It presents an analysis of interviews with software developers from five different companies. We asked about concrete projects, both about the project models and the methods used, but also about the real situation in their daily work. Based on the interviews, we describe and then analyze their development practices. The analysis shows that the software providers we interviewed have more agile practices than they might themselves be aware of. However, plans and more formal development models also are well established. The conclusions answer the question posed in the title: It all depends! It depends on which of the different principles you take to judge agility. And it depends on the characteristics not only of the company but also of the individual project.
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| 36. |
- Hansson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
How to include users in the development of off-the-shelf software : A case for complementing participatory design with agile development
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes and discusses a non-traditional approach to participatory design, one which is combined with an agile-like software development process. In this case, the size of the company combined with a distributed population of users has a serious impact on the software development process. The small software company in our study resolves this problem with an unconventional amalgam of participatory design and agile processes which seems to suit their situation. By using different kinds of user participation the small software provider is able to keep in contact with users on a daily basis. Users convey requirements for new functionalities, give feedback and report errors. Users' feedback and proposals form the basis for further development. The paper relates our observations to other research on participatory design in unconventional settings and discusses the conditions under which agile software development can complement participatory design.
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| 37. |
- Hansson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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The development is driven by our users not by ourselves-including users in the development of off-the-shelf software
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes a non-traditional approach to Participatory Design where distributed users have a serious impact on a software development process. The small software provider makes use of a non-traditional way of Participatory Design combined with an agile development approach. By using for among other things support service, user meetings, courses and news letter they are able to on a daily bases keep in contact with users. Users convey requirements for new functionalities, give feedback and report errors. Users’ feedback and proposals form the base for further development. Frequent re-leases allow the company to quickly implement improvements and bug-fixes. The article relates the observed practices to other research on Participatory Design in unconventional settings and discusses how to expand the Participatory Design toolbox.
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| 38. |
- Johansson, Conny, et al.
(författare)
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Software Engineering Across Boundaries : Student Project in Distributed Collaboration
- 1999
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication. - : IEEE. - 0361-1434 .- 1558-1500. ; 42:4, s. 286-296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geographically distributed software development projects have been made possible by rapid developments primarily within the data communication area. A number of companies recognize that distributed sollaboration has great potential for the near future. This report describes the empirical study of a cooperative student project located at two different geographical sites. The project was carried out at two universities, one in Sweden and one in finland. The initial goals were to give the students the opportunity to learn about the practical aspects of cooperation between two geographically seperate institutions and to study specific problems anticipated by the teachers with regard to communication, coordination, language, culture, requirements' handling, testing, and bug fixing. This report focuses on communication and coordination within the cooperative project as these were identified as the most significant problem areas. We also thought that these areas were the most interesting and the ones most likely to lead to improvements. This report not only describes our findings but also gives hints about what to think about when running similar projects both with respect to project related issues and teaching issues.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Marchese, Maurizio, et al.
(författare)
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A participatory design approach for the development of support environments in eGovernment services to citizens
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of eGovernment services and applications leads to major changes in the structure and operation of public administrations. In this paper we describe the work in progress in an Italian project called SPO.T. aimed at the analysis, development, deployment and evaluation of tools and environments to support the people who plan, deliver, use and evaluate user-centred provision of One-Stop-Shop services to citizens. The SPO.T. project has focused on two requirements: 1. the support tools and environments must facilitate the active involvement of all stakeholders in the definition and evolution of eGovernment applications and services, and it is argued that through participatory design changes of structure, process and culture can be delivered effectively; 2. they must embody a set of architecturally coherent resources which reflect the new roles and relationships of public administration and which are sufficiently generic to be relevant to a wide range of local contexts across the community.
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| 43. |
- Molléri, Jefferson Seide
(författare)
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Views of Research Quality in Empirical Software Engineering
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background. Software Engineering (SE) research, like other applied disciplines, intends to provide trustful evidence to practice. To ensure trustful evidence, a rigorous research process based on sound research methodologies is required. Further, to be practically relevant, researchers rely on identifying original research problems that are of interest to industry; and the research must fulfill various quality standards that form the basis for the evaluation of the empirical research in SE. A dialogue and shared view of quality standards for research practice is still to be achieved within the research community. Objectives. The main objective of this thesis is to foster dialogue and capture different views of SE researchers on method level (e.g., through the identification and reasoning on the importance of quality characteristics for experiments, surveys and case studies) as well as general quality standards for Empirical Software Engineering (ESE). Given the views of research quality, a second objective is to understand how to operationalize, i.e. build and validate instruments to assess research quality. Method. The thesis makes use of a mixed method approach of both qualitative and quantitative nature. The research methods used were case studies, surveys, and focus groups. A range of data collection methods has been employed, such as literature review, questionnaires, and semi-structured workshops. To analyze the data, we utilized content and thematic analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics.Results. We draw two distinct views of research quality. Through a top-down approach, we assessed and evolved a conceptual model of research quality within the ESE research community. Through a bottom-up approach, we built a checklist instrument for assessing survey-based research grounded on supporting literature and evaluated ours and others’ checklists in research practice and research education contexts.Conclusion. The quality standards we identified and operationalized support and extend the current understanding of research quality for SE research. This is a preliminary, but still vital, step towards a shared understanding and view of research quality for ESE research. Further steps are needed to gain a shared understanding of research quality within the community.
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| 44. |
- Morch, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Component-based Technologies for End-user Development
- 2004
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Ingår i: Communications of the ACM. - New York, USA : ASSOC Computing Machinery. - 0001-0782. ; 47:9, s. 59-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Component-based software development (CBSD) involves multiple roles. Framework builders create the infrastructure for components to interact; developers identify suitable domains and develop new components for them; application assemblers select domain-specific components and assemble them into applications; and end users employ components based applications to perform daily tasks [7].
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| 45. |
- RASMUSSON, MARKUS, et al.
(författare)
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Data Visualisation and Decision Making Solutions to Forecast and Manage Complex Urban Challenges : STAKEHOLDER EVALUATION REPORT
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Decision-making based on large amounts of data and different data sources constitutes a growing challenge for many actors in society. An increased flow of information from social media and open data sources means that decentralized decision-makers such as regions, municipalities and cities are forced to change, adapt, and modify their existing decision-making (Voight & Bright 2016). What is the current status of European cities and municipalities? How do municipalities and cities in Europe work with data-driven decision-making today? What are the future opportunities and challenges? This report provides an overview and examples of how different organisations in the European cities of Malmö, Copenhagen, Oxford, Manchester and Vienna work with and relate to possibilities, challenges and limitations of data-driven decision making. Furthermore, the report presents different views of urban stakeholders’ on data-driven decision making and how they relate to concepts of open data, big data, social media data and visualization. The purpose of this report is to outline current strategies and main points on how data is used in decision making in selected European Cities and to evaluate the current state and possible outlooks for data-driven decision making. The selected cities are either city partners in the UrbanData2Decide consortium or cities which collaborate closely with universities and institutes involved in the consortium.
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| 46. |
- Rasmusson, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Stakeholders, Roles, Workflows and Requirements
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Decisions makers in cities and urban areas continuously have to make important decisions to react or proactively identify new challenges, problems and conflicts. But as cities and urban areas have become more complex, well‐founded decisions have also become more difficult to make. Decisions cannot be purely based on intuitions but require a basis for assessments, which put great constraints on decision makers and decision making procedures in terms of expertise and knowledge. New technology and sources of information can, however, support decision makers and facilitate the decision making procedures, but at the moment these possibilities are not being leveraged to a greater extent in urban governance.
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| 47. |
- Rönkkö, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Bad Practice or Bad Methods Are Software Engineering and Ethnographic Discourses Incompatible?
- 2002
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organizational problems in industry have evoked increased interest in empirical methodologies in the broader software engineering community. In this article ethnography and its relation to software engineering is addressed. Until now sociologists have performed the majority of ethnographic studies on software development. But how useful are these studies for software engineering? Ethnography emphasizes the members' point of view in order to understand the social. Studies from the members' perspective can be interpreted, as revealing 'bad methods' that do not work in complex work situations. From a software engineering point of view, they are just as easy point to the opposite as 'bad practice', bad application of existing methods. The objective of this paper is to promote ethnography and its contribution to software engineering by revealing the different research attitudes of ethnographers and software engineers. Possibilities how to combine ethnographic studies with software method improvement are indicated.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Rönkkö, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Personas is not Applicable : Local Remedies Interpreted in a Wider Context
- 2004
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the major problems with participatory design is that it is extremely difficult to apply it to current developments. Software development for the mass market is one aspect of current developments which has been addressed. The problem of how to apply participatory design invariably leads to questioning its relevance to present-day circumstances. It is suggested that new patterns of dominance must be revealed. The usability method known as 'personas' has been demonstrated to remedy the problems of including social and political issues in mass market software developments. This paper demonstrates how the application of personas to a mass market software development project failed because of patterns of dominance in the telecom branch which were unrecognised at the time. The identifying of these patterns of dominance contributes to a better understanding of some of the new patterns of power and domination in mass-market software developments that PD stands before. Copyright 2004 ACM.
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| 50. |
- Rönkkö, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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When plans do not work out : how plans are used in software development projects
- 2005
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Ingår i: Computer Supported Cooperative Work. - 0925-9724. ; 14:5, s. 433-468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on empirical material from the area of software engineering, this articlediscusses the issue of plans and planning as an integral part of and prerequisite for software development work. It relates observed practices to literature produced by the Computer Supported Cooperative Work community. Empirical studies of software development practice seldom address re-planning. By analyzing the empirical material from one project we are able to show how certain kinds of co-ordination problems arise and how they may be dealt with. The empirical research does not focus primarily on the character of plans; instead, it raises the question ‘what means are necessary and should be provided in order to cope with situations when plans do not work out? In relation to plans, especial emphasis is on ‘‘due process’’, i.e. how the project plan and the company wide project model are maintained to enable the identification and articulation of deviations from it. On the basis of our empirical analysis we propose to support the articulation and coordination work necessary in situations where plans do not adequately work out.
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