| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Sawcer, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 476:7359, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes typically results in intermittent neurological disturbance followed by progressive accumulation of disability. Epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors are primarily responsible for the substantially increased frequency of the disease seen in the relatives of affected individuals, and systematic attempts to identify linkage in multiplex families have confirmed that variation within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) exerts the greatest individual effect on risk. Modestly powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have enabled more than 20 additional risk loci to be identified and have shown that multiple variants exerting modest individual effects have a key role in disease susceptibility. Most of the genetic architecture underlying susceptibility to the disease remains to be defined and is anticipated to require the analysis of sample sizes that are beyond the numbers currently available to individual research groups. In a collaborative GWAS involving 9,772 cases of European descent collected by 23 research groups working in 15 different countries, we have replicated almost all of the previously suggested associations and identified at least a further 29 novel susceptibility loci. Within the MHC we have refined the identity of the HLA-DRB1 risk alleles and confirmed that variation in the HLA-A gene underlies the independent protective effect attributable to the class I region. Immunologically relevant genes are significantly overrepresented among those mapping close to the identified loci and particularly implicate T-helper-cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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| 6. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 7. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 8. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 14. |
- Dae, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of endovascular cooling on infarct size in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction : A patient-level pooled analysis from randomized trials
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Interventional Cardiology. - : Wiley. - 0896-4327. ; 31:3, s. 269-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study sought to examine the relationship between temperature at reperfusion and infarct size. Background: Hypothermia consistently reduces infarct size when administered prior to reperfusion in animal studies, however, clinical results have been inconsistent. Methods: We performed a patient-level pooled analysis from six randomized control trials of endovascular cooling during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 629 patients in which infarct size was assessed within 1 month after randomization by either single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMR). Results: In anterior infarct patients, after controlling for variability between studies, mean infarct size in controls was 21.3 (95%CI 17.4-25.3) and in patients with hypothermia <35°C it was 14.8 (95%CI 10.1-19.6), which was a statistically significant absolute reduction of 6.5%, or a 30% relative reduction in infarct size (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in infarct size in anterior ≥35°C, or inferior infarct patients. There was no difference in the incidence of death, ventricular arrhythmias, or re-infarction due to stent thrombosis between hypothermia and control patients. Conclusions: The present study, drawn from a patient-level pooled analysis of six randomized trials of endovascular cooling during primary PCI in STEMI, showed a significant reduction in infarct size in patients with anterior STEMI who were cooled to <35°C at the time of reperfusion. The results support the need for trials in patients with anterior STEMI using more powerful cooling devices to optimize the delivery of hypothermia prior to reperfusion.
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| 15. |
- de Vries, Claire E. E., et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of the first global multidisciplinary consensus meeting including persons living with obesity to standardize patient-reported outcome measurement in obesity treatment research
- 2022
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Ingår i: Obesity Reviews. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1467-7881 .- 1467-789X. ; 23:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quality of life is a key outcome that is not rigorously measured in obesity treatment research due to the lack of standardization of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and PRO measures (PROMs). The S.Q.O.T. initiative was founded to Standardize Quality of life measurement in Obesity Treatment. A first face-to-face, international, multidisciplinary consensus meeting was conducted to identify the key PROs and preferred PROMs for obesity treatment research. It comprised of 35 people living with obesity (PLWO) and healthcare providers (HCPs). Formal presentations, nominal group techniques, and modified Delphi exercises were used to develop consensus-based recommendations. The following eight PROs were considered important: self-esteem, physical health/functioning, mental/psychological health, social health, eating, stigma, body image, and excess skin. Self-esteem was considered the most important PRO, particularly for PLWO, while physical health was perceived to be the most important among HCPs. For each PRO, one or more PROMs were selected, except for stigma. This consensus meeting was a first step toward standardizing PROs (what to measure) and PROMs (how to measure) in obesity treatment research. It provides an overview of the key PROs and a first selection of the PROMs that can be used to evaluate these PROs.
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| 16. |
- Demirel, Emir, et al.
(författare)
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A RECURSIVE SEARCH METHOD FOR LYRICS ALIGNMENT
- 2020
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Ingår i: https://www.music-ir.org/mirex/wiki/2020:MIREX2020_Results.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Audio-to-lyrics transcription and alignment requires strong acoustic and language models that are trained on in-domain data and a well-adapted pronunciation model for singing. Even in the presence of such models, the length of audio segments for decoding remains a challenge. In this year’s MIREX submission, we present a recursive search method that splits the audio with respect to anchor- ing words for performing alignment on shorter audio seg- ments. The recursive is applied through gradually restrict- ing the language model and search space after each search iteration. We apply a final pass of forced alignment on the segmented audio to obtain timings for every word in the input song lyrics. According to the initial experiments, our system is robust to various musical genre while being executable on local machines with low memory and com- putational resources.
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| 17. |
- Demirel, Emir, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic Lyrics Transcription using Dilated Convolutional Neural Networks with Self-Attention
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Speech recognition is a well developed research field so that the current state of the art systems are being used in many applications in the software industry, yet as by today, there still does not exist such robust system for the recognition of words and sentences from singing voice. This paper proposes a complete pipeline for this task which may commonly be referred as automatic lyrics transcription (ALT). We have trained convolutional time-delay neural networks with self-attention on monophonic karaoke recordings using a sequence classification objective for building the acoustic model. The dataset used in this study, DAMP - Sing! 300x30x2 [1] is filtered to have songs with only English lyrics. Different language models are tested including MaxEnt and Recurrent Neural Networks based methods which are trained on the lyrics of pop songs in English. An in-depth analysis of the self-attention mechanism is held while tuning its context width and the number of attention heads. Using the best settings, our system achieves significant improvement to the state-of-the-art in ALT and provides a new baseline for the task.
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| 18. |
- Dixon, P. Grady, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on the Synoptic Climate Classification and its Role in Interdisciplinary Research
- 2016
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Ingår i: Geography Compass. - : Wiley. - 1749-8198. ; 10:4, s. 147-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synoptic climatology has a long history of research where weather data are aggregated and composited to gain a better understanding of atmospheric effects on non-atmospheric variables. This has resulted in an applied scientific discipline that yields methods and tools designed for applications across disciplinary boundaries. The spatial synoptic classification (SSC) is an example of such a tool that helps researchers bridge methodological gaps between disciplines, especially those studying weather effects on human health. The SSC has been applied in several multi-discipline projects, and it appears that there is ample opportunity for growth into new topical areas. Likewise, there is opportunity for the SSC network to be expanded across the globe, especially into mid-latitude locations in the Southern Hemisphere. There is some question of the utility of the SSC in tropical locations, but such decisions must be based on the actual weather data from individual locations. Despite all of the strengths and potential uses of the SSC, there are some research problems, some locations, and some datasets for which it is not suitable. Nevertheless, the success of the SSC as a cross-disciplinary method is noteworthy because it has become a catalyst for collaboration.
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| 19. |
- Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity, sedentary time and breast cancer risk : a Mendelian randomisation study
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 56:20, s. 1157-1170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour are associated with higher breast cancer risk in observational studies, but ascribing causality is difficult. Mendelian randomisation (MR) assesses causality by simulating randomised trial groups using genotype. We assessed whether lifelong physical activity or sedentary time, assessed using genotype, may be causally associated with breast cancer risk overall, pre/post-menopause, and by case-groups defined by tumour characteristics.METHODS: We performed two-sample inverse-variance-weighted MR using individual-level Breast Cancer Association Consortium case-control data from 130 957 European-ancestry women (69 838 invasive cases), and published UK Biobank data (n=91 105-377 234). Genetic instruments were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated in UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer-measured overall physical activity (nsnps=5) or sedentary time (nsnps=6), or accelerometer-measured (nsnps=1) or self-reported (nsnps=5) vigorous physical activity.RESULTS: Greater genetically-predicted overall activity was associated with lower breast cancer overall risk (OR=0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 0.83 per-standard deviation (SD;~8 milligravities acceleration)) and for most case-groups. Genetically-predicted vigorous activity was associated with lower risk of pre/perimenopausal breast cancer (OR=0.62; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.87,≥3 vs. 0 self-reported days/week), with consistent estimates for most case-groups. Greater genetically-predicted sedentary time was associated with higher hormone-receptor-negative tumour risk (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.92 per-SD (~7% time spent sedentary)), with elevated estimates for most case-groups. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses examining pleiotropy (including weighted-median-MR, MR-Egger).CONCLUSION: Our study provides strong evidence that greater overall physical activity, greater vigorous activity, and lower sedentary time are likely to reduce breast cancer risk. More widespread adoption of active lifestyles may reduce the burden from the most common cancer in women.
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| 20. |
- Erlinge, David, et al.
(författare)
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A pooled analysis of the effect of endovascular cooling on infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
- 2013
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Ingår i: EuroIntervention. - 1969-6213. ; 8:12, s. 1435-1440
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Prior evaluations of endovascular cooling during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have suggested variability in treatment effect related to core temperature at the time of reperfusion, to infarct location and time from symptom onset to reperfusion. Recent results from a randomised feasibility study suggest rapid induction of hypothermia in primary PCI results in a significant reduction in infarct size (IS). Methods and results: Outcomes from two randomised trials of hypothermia in primary PCI were pooled to examine IS as a percentage of left ventricular myocardium assessed by SPECT or magnetic resonance imaging. Compared with controls (n=103), hypothermia (n=94) was associated with a significant 24% relative reduction (RR) in IS (10.7±1.3% vs. 14.1±1.6%, mean±SEM, p=0.049). Among hypothermia-treated patients for whom core temperature <35 C° was achieved before reperfusion, IS was reduced by 37% (8.8±1.7% vs. 14.1±1.6%, p=0.01), a benefit observed for both anterior (14.9±2.9% vs. 22.2±2.7%, RR 33%; p=0.03) and inferior infarcts (4.5±1.4% vs. 7.7±1.3%, RR 42%; p=0.04). Conclusions: In a pooled analysis of randomised trials evaluating adjunctive hypothermia in primary PCI, achievement of core body temperature <35°C before reperfusion may reduce infarct size with a similar efficacy for both anterior and inferior MI.
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| 23. |
- Jarvis, Erich D., et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 346:6215, s. 1320-1331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.
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| 25. |
- Lordelo, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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INVESTIGATING KERNEL SHAPES AND SKIP CONNECTIONS FOR DEEP LEARNING-BASED HARMONIC-PERCUSSIVE SEPARATION
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we propose an efficient deep learning encoder-decoder network for performing Harmonic-Percussive Source Separation (HPSS). It is shown that we are able to greatly reduce the num- ber of model trainable parameters by using a dense arrangement of skip connections between the model layers. We also explore the utilisation of different kernel sizes for the 2D filters of the convo- lutional layers with the objective of allowing the network to learn the different time-frequency patterns associated with percussive and harmonic sources more efficiently. The training and evaluation of the separation has been done using the training and test sets of the MUSDB18 dataset. Results show that the proposed deep net- work achieves automatic learning of high-level features and main- tains HPSS performance at a state-of-the-art level while reducing the number of parameters and training time.
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| 26. |
- Mishra, Saumitra, et al.
(författare)
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GAN-Based Generation and Automatic Selection of Explanations for Neural Networks
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One way to interpret trained deep neural networks (DNNs) is by inspecting characteristics that neurons in the model respond to, such as by iteratively optimising themodelinput(e.g.,animage)tomaximallyactivatespecificneurons. However, this requires a careful selection of hyper-parameters to generate interpretable examples for each neuron of interest, and current methods rely on a manual, qualitative evaluation of each setting, which is prohibitively slow. We introduce a new metricthatusesFr´echetInceptionDistance(FID)toencouragesimilaritybetween model activations for real and generated data. This provides an efficient way to evaluateasetofgeneratedexamplesforeachsettingofhyper-parameters. Wealso propose a novel GAN-based method for generating explanations that enables an efficient search through the input space and imposes a strong prior favouring realistic outputs. We apply our approach to a classification model trained to predict whether a music audio recording contains singing voice. Our results suggest that thisproposedmetricsuccessfullyselectshyper-parametersleadingtointerpretable examples, avoiding the need for manual evaluation. Moreover, we see that examples synthesised to maximise or minimise the predicted probability of singing voice presence exhibit vocal or non-vocal characteristics, respectively, suggesting that our approach is able to generate suitable explanations for understanding concepts learned by a neural network.
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| 27. |
- Müller, Meinard, et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the TISMIR Education Track: What, Why, How?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Transactions of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval. - : Ubiquity Press. - 2514-3298. ; 7:1, s. 85-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This editorial introduces the new education track for the Transactions of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval (TISMIR) and aims to provide guidance to both prospective authors and users of this track’s material regarding its context, goals, and scope. To begin, we offer TISMIR-specific context, including the journal’s history, its unchanged scope and remit, and the motivations behind introducing the new track. This context is supplemented by broader insights into developments in the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR), the personal pedagogical experiences of the authors, and the rapid, extensive development of Open Educational Resources across various domains. We highlight the key characteristics of educational articles in general and explore why the music domain may provide an intuitive and motivating setting for education across various levels and disciplines. The education track aligns with existing tracks in terms of TISMIR’s dedication to scientific research in MIR, broadly defined as the processing, analyzing, organizing, and creating of music and music-related information using computational methods. Educational articles within this track maintain the high standards expected in terms of scientific rigor, clarity of language, and compelling presentation. However, they differ in their focus on a tutorial-style delivery and their emphasis on existing MIR research methods, techniques, principles, and practical matters relevant to the diverse interests of the MIR community. Through this editorial, our objective is to offer guidance, clarify review criteria, and stimulate discussion on crafting effective educational articles, thereby laying the foundation for a broader discourse on education within MIR and beyond.
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| 29. |
- Rodríguez-Algarra, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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Characterising Confounding Effects in Music Classification Experiments through Interventions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Transactions of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval. - : Ubiquity Press, Ltd.. - 2514-3298. ; 2:1, s. 52-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address the problem of confounding in the design of music classification experiments, that is, the inability to distinguish the effects of multiple potential influencing variables in the measurements. Confounding affects the validity of conclusions at many levels, and so must be properly accounted for. We propose a procedure for characterising effects of confounding in the results of music classification experiments by creating regulated test conditions through interventions in the experimental pipeline, including a novel resampling strategy. We demonstrate this procedure on the GTZAN genre collection, which is known to give rise to confounding effects.
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