| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Alekseeva, L. A., et al.
(författare)
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Determination of the low-temperature self-diffusion coefficient in solid p-H-2 from creep experiments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Low temperature physics (Woodbury, N.Y., Print). - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 1063-777X .- 1090-6517. ; 44:9, s. 946-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dependencies of the relative elongation epsilon under the constantly applied stress at T = 1.8 K on the endurance time t of polycrystalline parahydrogen (p-H-2, similar to 0.2% of o-H-2) of high purity (99.9999 mol.%), with varying deuterium content, were measured. The region of linear dependence between the measured creep rates (epsilon) over dot of samples and the applied stress s was revealed. The conclusion that the low-temperature creep of the studied p-H-2 possesses a vacancy-type diffusion character was made on the basis of linear dependence (epsilon) over dot similar to s. Determination of the low-temperature self-diffusion coefficient of vacancies D in solid p-H-2, which characterizes the rate of low-temperature mass transfer, was performed. The cases of migration of vacancies in the crystal bulk, along boundaries separating individual crystallites, as well as between dislocations existing in crystals, are considered. A significant decrease in the (epsilon) over dot and D values with an increase in the isotope concentration in the samples was observed, while maintaining the linear relationship between (epsilon) over dot and s for the studied p-H-2. Published by AIP Publishing.
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| 3. |
- Alekseeva, L.A., et al.
(författare)
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Unusual changes in the shape of solid parahydrogen with higher than natural isotope content
- 2016
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Ingår i: Low temperature physics (Woodbury, N.Y., Print). - : AIP Publishing. - 1063-777X .- 1090-6517. ; 42:6, s. 484-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative elongation epsilon of samples of high purity (99.9999 mol. % with respect to nonhydrogenic impurities) parahydrogen (p-H-2, similar to 0.2% o-H-2) with different amounts of the stable hydrogen isotope deuterium is measured as a function of applied stress sigma at temperatures of 1.8-4.2 K. The samples were subjected to uniaxial tension by stepwise loading. The ratio [D]/[H] of the number [D] of deuterium atoms to the number [H] of p-H-2 hydrogen atoms ranged from 0.0055 +/- 0.0005 at. % up to 0.07 at. %. For deuterium enriched p-H-2, the easy slip dislocation stage vanished from the sigma(epsilon) curves and there was a significant reduction in the total relative elongation of the samples, as well as a substantial increase in the hardening coefficient d sigma/d epsilon. Deformation of samples of p-H-2 with deuterium contents higher than the natural amount produces an unusual change in their shape owing to the appearance of a rotational component of the low-temperature plastic mass transfer
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| 4. |
- Antikhovich, I. V., et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion Resistance of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Low-Temperature Nickel-Plating Electrolytes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Russian journal of applied chemistry. - : Maik Nauka/Interperiodica. - 1070-4272 .- 1608-3296. ; 90:4, s. 566-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion resistance of nickel coatings on a copper substrate, plated from low-temperature electrolytes based on acetates, tartrates, and isobutyrates, was studied by the methods of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. The tests were performed in a 0.3% NaCl solution. The nickel coatings exhibit high chemical activity, dissolving in the NaCl solution. The electrochemical step is the limiting step of the corrosion process.
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| 5. |
- Attias, Noam, et al.
(författare)
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Biofabrication of Nanocellulose–Mycelium Hybrid Materials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Sustainable Systems. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2366-7486. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Healthy material alternatives based on renewable resources and sustainable technologies have the potential to disrupt the environmentally damaging production and consumption practices established throughout the modern industrial era. In this study, a mycelium–nanocellulose biocomposite with hybrid properties is produced by the agitated liquid culture of a white-rot fungus (Trametes ochracea) with nanocellulose (NC) comprised as part of the culture media. Mycelial development proceeds via the formation of pellets, where NC is enriched in the pellets and depleted from the surrounding liquid media. Micrometer-scale NC elements become engulfed in mycelium, whereas it is hypothesized that the nanometer-scale fraction becomes integrated within the hyphal cell wall, such that all NC in the system is essentially surface-modified by mycelium. The NC confers mechanical strength to films processed from the biocomposite, whereas the mycelium screens typical cellulose–water interactions, giving fibrous slurries that dewater faster and films that exhibit significantly improved wet resistance in comparison to pure NC films. The mycelium–nanocellulose biocomposites are processable in the ways familiar to papermaking and are suggested for diverse applications, including packaging, filtration, and hygiene products.
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| 6. |
- Bhuiyan, Iftekhar Uddin, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure of Bentonite in Iron Ore Green Pellets
- 2014
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Ingår i: Microscopy and Microanalysis. - 1431-9276 .- 1435-8115. ; 20:1, s. 33-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sodium-activated calcium bentonite is used as a binder in iron ore pellets and is known to increase strength of both wet and dry iron ore green pellets. In this article, the microstructure of bentonite in magnetite pellets is revealed for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure of bentonite in wet and dry iron ore pellets, as well as in distilled water, was imaged by various imaging techniques (e.g., imaging at low voltage with monochromatic and decelerated beam or low loss backscattered electrons) and cryogenic methods (i.e., high pressure freezing and plunge freezing in liquid ethane). In wet iron ore green pellets, clay tactoids (stacks of parallel primary clay platelets) were very well dispersed and formed a voluminous network occupying the space available between mineral particles. When the pellet was dried, bentonite was drawn to the contact points between the particles and formed solid bridges, which impart strength to the solid compact.
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| 7. |
- Borgani, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
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Background-Force Compensation in Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2331-7019. ; 7:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background forces are linear long-range interactions of the cantilever body with its surroundings that must be compensated for in order to reveal tip-surface force, the quantity of interest for determining material properties in atomic force microscopy. We provide a mathematical derivation of a method to compensate for background forces, apply it to experimental data, and discuss how to include background forces in simulation. Our method, based on linear-response theory in the frequency domain, provides a general way of measuring and compensating for any background force and it can be readily applied to different force reconstruction methods in dynamic AFM.
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| 8. |
- Claesson, Per M., et al.
(författare)
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From force curves to surface nanomechanical properties
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 19:35, s. 23642-23657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface science, which spans the fields of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science, requires information to be obtained on the local properties and property variations across a surface. This has resulted in the development of different scanning probe methods that allow the measurement of local chemical composition and local electrical and mechanical properties. These techniques have led to rapid advancement in fundamental science with applications in areas such as composite materials, corrosion protection and wear resistance. In this perspective article, we focussed on the branch of scanning probe methods that allows the determination of surface nanomechanical properties. We discussed some different AFM-based modes that were used for these measurements and provided illustrative examples of the type of information that could be obtained. We also discussed some of the difficulties encountered during such studies.
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| 9. |
- Claesson, Per M., et al.
(författare)
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Surface Nanomechanics of Coatings and Hydrogels
- 2019
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the increasing use of nanostructured materials and thin coatings as barrier materials, it has become of high importance to measure and understand material properties on the nm to 100 nm length scales. In this article we demonstrate and discuss how atomic force microscopy techniques can be used to this end. It is demonstrated that the classical analysis based on the assumption of a purely elastic material response is a fair approximation for relatively stiff coatings (elastic modulus order of GPa), whereas viscous responses must be considered for soft materials (apparent modulus order of MPa) such as hydrogels.
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| 10. |
- Demidova, S. I., et al.
(författare)
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A micrometeorite from a stony asteroid identified in Luna 16 soil
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3366. ; 6:5, s. 560-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the intense cratering history of the Moon, very few traces of meteoritic material have been identified in the more than 380 kg of samples returned to Earth by the Apollo and Luna missions. Here we show that an ~200-µm-sized fragment collected by the Luna 16 mission has extra-lunar origins and probably originates from an LL chondrite with similar properties to near-Earth stony asteroids. The fragment has not experienced temperatures higher than 400 °C since its protolith formed early in the history of the Solar System. It arrived on the Moon, either as a micrometeorite or as the result of the break-up of a bigger impact, no earlier than 3.4 Gyr ago and possibly around 1 Gyr ago, an age that would be consistent with impact ages inferred from basaltic fragments in the Luna 16 sample and of a known dynamic upheaval in the Flora asteroid family, which is thought to be the source of L and LL chondrite meteorites. These results highlight the importance of extra-lunar fragments in constraining the impact history of the Earth–Moon system and suggest that material from LL chondrite asteroids may be an important component.
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| 11. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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An atomic force microscopy study of the interaction between magnetite particles: The effect of Ca2+ ions and pH
- 2013
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Ingår i: Powder Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5910 .- 1873-328X. ; 233, s. 116-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Force interactions between a microsize (m-s) magnetite probe and thin layers of synthesized magnetite particles as well as microsize (m-s) magnetite particles from magnetite concentrate were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Of special interest was the influence of Ca2 + ions and pH on the interaction between the probe and the two different magnetite particle surfaces. The probe and the magnetite surfaces were immersed in aqueous Ca2 + solutions (100, 10, and 1 mM) at various pH values (4, 6, and 10). The colloidal probe technique and a self-made computer program for automatic evaluation of adhesion forces were used. The analysis revealed an increase in adhesion force with increased calcium concentration at pH 6 for both the systems investigated. However, the adhesion behavior between the probe and the m-s and n-s magnetite particle surfaces is different at pH 10. The possible appearance of calcium carbonate precipitated onto the magnetite surfaces as well as the possible influence of already adsorbed silicate on magnetite particles from the concentrate is discussed. In addition to Ca, Cl and Na atoms, added to the working solutions, and the Fe and O detected signals, the SEM-EDS analysis also detected Si atoms on the surface of the m-s particles.
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| 12. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Application of AFM to probe micro- and nano-sized magnetite particle interaction in Ca2+ solution
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Summer School on Application of Scanning Probe Microscopy in Life Sciences, Soft Matter and Nanofabrication". - Aalborg : River Publishers. - 9788793102330
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Natural magnetite is used for producing iron ore pellets, one of the raw materials in steel production. The quality of produced pellets depends on many factors, including the properties of the magnetite concentrate fed to pelletization. To be able to minimize the effect of the variations in feed properties on pellets quality, investigation of magnetite particle interaction with a focus on the surface properties is required. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), using the colloidal probe technique, is a suitable tool for measuring such particle-particle interaction in-situ. Natural particles are usually of micro-sizes (m-s) and have different sizes and shapes, which complicates an accurate investigation of particle interaction with AFM. To overcome such difficulties, synthetic nanoparticles are used instead. Process water chemistry is one of the factors affecting magnetite surface properties. Partial dissolution of calcite and apatite minerals, present in iron ore, results in high Ca2+ concentrations in the process water, which has been shown to have a major effect on the charge of the magnetite particles [1, 2]. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate forces and aggregation between magnetite particles, of micro- and nano-size (n-s), in Ca2+ solutions at various pH values. The spherical monodispersed magnetite nano-sized particles, with a diameter of approx. 10 nm, were synthesized by the precipitation technique [3]. Measurements were performed for m-s probe/m-s layer and m-s probe/n-s layer systems. Natural magnetite particles of 10-30 µm size were glued to NP-S cantilevers (Digital Instruments/Bruker, Santa Barbara, CA) with a measured spring constant of 0.12 N/m. Nano-sized particles were deposited on the glass slides by dip-coating. Roughness (Ra) of the n-s layers was measured with AFM and was about 10 nm for areas 1×1µm2, a representative high-resolution image is shown in Figure 1. Particle interaction was similar for m-s and n-s magnetite particles at pH 4 and 6. At pH 10, the interaction behavior was different due to probable surface modification of natural magnetite particles by ions from process water. The adhesion force for both interacting systems was measured, see ref. [4] for a detailed description of the results. To verify that ϛ-potential measurements could be used to predict the interaction between charged particles (in this case silica and magnetite) in solutions containing inorganic ions, force measurements between n-s magnetite layer and a SiO2 spherical probe (3.5 µm in diameter) were performed and correlated with the ϛ-potential results for these particles in the same solutions. Also, a DLVO simulation was performed to theoretically confirm the experimental interaction based on surface charge trends. An example of the simulated force curves is shown in Figure 2. The interaction between the probe and the magnetite surface was attractive at pH 4 and 6 but became repulsive at pH 8 and 10, which is in agreement with what could be expected from the ϛ-potential results for these particles.
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| 13. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Bio-Based Binder Development for Lithium-Ion Batteries.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials. - 1996-1944. ; 16:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology has facilitated the shift toward electric vehicles and grid storage solutions. This technology is currently undergoing significant development to meet industrial applications for portable electronics and provide our society with "greener" electricity. The large increase in LIB production following the growing demand from the automotive sector has led to the establishment of gigafactories worldwide, thus increasing the substantial consumption of fossil-based and non-sustainable materials, such as polyvinylidene fluoride and/or styrene-butadiene rubber as binders in cathode and anode formulations. Furthermore, the use of raw resources, such as Li, Ni, and Mn in cathode active materials and graphite and nanosilicon in anodes, necessitates further efforts to enhance battery efficiency. To foster a global sustainable transition in LIB manufacturing and reduce reliance on non-sustainable materials, the implementation of bio-based binder solutions for electrodes in LIBs is crucial. Bio-based binders such as cellulose, lignin, alginate, gums, starch, and others can address environmental concerns and can enhance LIBs' performance. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress in the development and application of bio-based binders for LIB electrode manufacturing, highlighting their significance toward sustainable development.
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| 14. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Bioinspired Adhesion Polymers : Wear Resistance of Adsorption Layers.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 35:48, s. 15515-15525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mussel adhesive polymers owe their ability to strongly bind to a large variety of surfaces under water to their high content of 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (DOPA) groups and high positive charge. In this work, we use a set of statistical copolymers that contain medium-length poly(ethylene oxide) side chains that are anchored to the surface in three different ways: by means of (i) electrostatic forces, (ii) catechol groups (as in DOPA), and (iii) the combination of electrostatic forces and catechol groups. A nanotribological scanning probe method was utilized to evaluate the wear resistance of the formed layers as a function of normal load. It was found that the combined measurement of surface topography and stiffness provided an accurate assessment of the wear resistance of such thin layers. In particular, surface stiffness maps allowed us to identify the initiation of wear before a clear topographical wear scar was developed. Our data demonstrate that the molecular and abrasive wear resistance on silica surfaces depends on the anchoring mode and follows the order catechol groups combined with electrostatic forces > catechol groups alone > electrostatic forces alone. The devised methodology should be generally applicable for evaluating wear resistance or "robustness" of thin adsorbed layers on a variety of surfaces.
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| 15. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic self-stabilization in the electronic and nanomechanical properties of an organic polymer semiconductor
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of organic electronics has profited from the discovery of new conjugated semiconducting polymers that have molecular backbones which exhibit resilience to conformational fluctuations, accompanied by charge carrier mobilities that routinely cross the 1 cm2/Vs benchmark. One such polymer is indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole. Previously understood to be lacking in microstructural order, we show here direct evidence of nanosized domains of high order in its thin films. We also demonstrate that its device-based high-performance electrical and thermoelectric properties are not intrinsic but undergo rapid stabilization following a burst of ambient air exposure. The polymer’s nanomechanical properties equilibrate on longer timescales owing to an orthogonal mechanism; the gradual sweating-out of residual low molecular weight solvent molecules from its surface. We snapshot the quasistatic temporal evolution of the electrical, thermoelectric and nanomechanical properties of this prototypical organic semiconductor and investigate the subtleties which play on competing timescales. Our study documents the untold and often overlooked story of a polymer device’s dynamic evolution toward stability.
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| 16. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Force interactions between magnetite, silica, and bentonite studied with atomic force microscopy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physics and chemistry of minerals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0342-1791 .- 1432-2021. ; 42:4, s. 319-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron ore pellets consist of variety of mineral particles and are an important refined product used in steel manufacturing. Production of high-quality pellets requires good understanding of interactions between different constituents, such as magnetite, gangue residues, bentonite, and additives. Much research has been reported on magnetite, silica, and bentonite surface properties and their effect on pellet strength but more scant with a focus on a fundamental particle–particle interaction. To probe such particle interaction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) using colloidal probe technique has proven to be a suitable tool. In this work, the measurements were performed between magnetite–magnetite, bentonite–magnetite, silica–bentonite, and silica–magnetite particles in 1 mM CaCl2 solution at various pH values. The interaction character, i.e., repulsion or attraction, was determined by measuring and analyzing AFM force curves. The observed quantitative changes in interaction forces were in good agreement with the measured zeta-potentials for the particles at the same experimental conditions. Particle aggregation was studied by measuring the adhesion force. Absolute values of adhesion forces for different systems could not be compared due to the difference in particle size and contact geometry. Therefore, the relative change of adhesion force between pH 6 and 10 was used for comparison. The adhesion force decreased for the magnetite–magnetite and bentonite–silica systems and slightly increased for the magnetite–bentonite system at pH 10 as compared to pH 6, whereas a pronounced decrease in adhesion force was observed in the magnetite–silica system. Thus, the presence of silica particles on the magnetite surface could have a negative impact on the interaction between magnetite and bentonite in balling due to the reduction of the adhesion force.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Local Wear of Catechol-Containing Diblock Copolymer Layers : Wear Volume, Stick-Slip, and Nanomechanical Changes
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 125:38, s. 21277-21292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymers containing catechol groups have gained a large interest, as they mimic an essential feature of mussel adhesive proteins that allow strong binding to a large variety of surfaces under water. This feature has made this class of polymers interesting for surface modification purposes, as layer functionalities can be introduced by a simple adsorption process, where the catechol groups should provide a strong anchoring to the surface. In this work, we utilize an AFM-based method to evaluate the wear resistance of such polymer layers in water and compare it with that offered by electrostatically driven adsorption. We pay particular attention to two block copolymer systems where the anchoring group in one case is an uncharged catechol-containing block and in the other case a positively charged and catechol-containing block. The wear resistance is evaluated in terms of wear volume, and here, we compare with data for similar copolymers with statistical distribution of the catechol groups. Monitoring of nanomechanical properties provides an alternative way of illustrating the effect of wear, and we use modeling to show that the stiffness, as probed by an AFM tip, of the soft layer residing on a hard substrate increases as the thickness of the layer decreases. The stick-slip characteristics are also evaluated. © 2021 The Authors.
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| 19. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological and electrical characterization of Cu-doped PbS thin films with AFM
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Letters. - : VBRI Press. - 0976-3961 .- 0976-397X. ; 8:11, s. 1029-1037
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lead sulphide (PbS) is a direct band gap IV–VI intrinsic p-type semiconductor with good potential for application in solar cells, sensors, etc. Doping the films with Cu2+ ions may improve the electrical properties. Here, Cu-doped PbS films were deposited on conducting glass substrates. The morphology, topography and thickness of the doped PbS films were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and high-resolution SEM. AFM analysis showed decreasing surface roughness and grain size with the increase of Cu2+ concentration from 0.5 to 2.0 at%. Local surface electrical measurements using conducting AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy showed the possibility to probe semi-quantitatively the changes in surface potential, work function, and Fermi level upon doping of the films. The estimated apparent work function for the un-doped PbS grains in the film was slightly above 4.5 eV, while it decreased to a minimum value of 4.43-4.45 eV at 1–1.5 at% Cu-doping. Conducting AFM measurements showed that local resistance of the doped samples is lower than on pure PbS films. These results indicate Cu doping as an effective strategy to tune the electrical properties of PbS thin films toward the development of suitable optically active materials for application in photovoltaics.
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| 20. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale characterization of an all-oxide core-shell nanorod heterojunction using intermodulation atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nanoscale Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2516-0230. ; 3:15, s. 4388-4394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrical properties of an all-oxide core-shell ZnO-Co3O4nanorod heterojunction were studied in the dark and under UV-vis illumination. The contact potential difference and current distribution maps were obtained utilizing new methods in dynamic multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) such as electrostatic and conductive intermodulation AFM. Light irradiation modified the electrical properties of the nanorod heterojunction. The new techniques are able to follow the instantaneous local variation of the photocurrent, giving a two-dimensional (2D) map of the current-voltage curves and correlating the electrical and morphological features of the heterostructured core-shell nanorods.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Dobryden, Illia
(författare)
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Scanning probe microscopy studies of interaction forces between particles: emphasis on magnetite, bentonite and silica.
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), such as the atomic force microscope (AFM), using colloidal probes is a highly suitable technique to probe single particle-particle interactions in aqueous solution. The interaction force between a colloidal probe on the AFM cantilever and sample surface is measured. Ultrasmall intermolecular and surface forces, down to the piconewton level, can reliably be measured under controlled experimental conditions with AFM. The interaction between magnetite, bentonite and silica particles plays an important role in many different applications. One important application is in the steel production process where high-quality iron ore pellets are used. Moreover, the interaction between magnetite nanoparticles with Ca2+ ions and with silica particles has high importance in several medical applications and for nanoelectronics. It is known and widely studied that particle surface properties significantly affect the particle dispersion and aggregation. Also, the particles are often treated in aqueous suspensions or in moist conditions prior to the final aggregation, for instance in a pelletizing processes. Thus, different dissolved chemical species may modify the magnetite, bentonite and silica surfaces, which causes the surface properties to change. However, the exact mechanism how the dissolved chemical species influence the direct particle-particle interaction and particle adhesion is not well known.The main focus of this thesis was the study of magnetite particle force interaction with natural and synthetic magnetite, silica and bentonite particles in aqueous solution with SPM. In addition, complimentary methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vertical scanning interferometry (VSI), energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrophoresis techniques were used for surface morphology investigation, chemical characterization, determination of atomic structure and measurements of zeta-potential. The particle interaction forces were examined in solutions with various Ca2+ ion concentrations and in NaCl solution to determine the effect of Ca2+ ions on the surface properties. Also, the effect of pH at various concentrations was studied. The colloidal probes in the studies were natural magnetite and bentonite particles, micrometer-sized spherical silica particles. Sample surfaces were natural magnetite particles, smooth layers of synthetic magnetite nanoparticles and bentonite flakes.Qualitative changes in adhesion forces, i.e. interaction trends, and forces on approach for magnetite-magnetite, magnetite-silica, magnetite-bentonite and bentonite-silica interaction systems with an increase of Ca2+ ion concentration and pH were measured and evaluated. The interaction trends were consistent in most cases with zeta-potential measurements. Possible surface modification and formation of calcium silicates and calcium carbonates at pH 10 on the magnetite surfaces was discussed. The long-range repulsive interaction, similar to a steric-like interaction, was observed in the interactions for bentonite-silica and magnetite-silica systems, likely due to the swelling of bentonite layers and rising of bentonite flakes from the surface. The rising of bentonite flakes in water was verified with cryo-scanning electron microcopy investigation. Furthermore, the measured adhesion forces were compared with calculated adhesion forces, which were evaluated with the use of a few contact mechanics models. The comparison revealed discrepancies, which could be explained by the particle surface roughness. Additionally, a comparison of VSI and AFM techniques for surface characterization was performed on samples possessing sharp periodic surface structures and three stage plateaux honed cast iron surface. This comparison is of high relevance to the accurate calculation of tribological surface roughness parameters. Moreover, force measurements on biological samples and between magnetic particles are also briefly discussed in the thesis.The work within this thesis shows that SPM methods can be successfully applied to measure and predict forces between natural particles, such as magnetite and bentonite, in solution. The obtained and presented results are new and of high interest in applications where the knowledge of the dispersion and aggregation of studied particle interaction is important.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Dobryden, Illia
(författare)
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Surface characterization and force measurements applied to industrial materials with atomic force microscopy
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis focuses on the application of force measurements with atomic force microscopy (AFM) on materials with a few surface contacts/asperities and chemically modified surfaces. The technique allows measurements of ultra-small intermolecular and surface forces, down to the piconewton level. The force measurements between surfaces of well-defined geometry are often used to measure and model the interaction between different systems of charged and neutral surfaces in various environments. However, detailed knowledge of the contacting surface profile geometry and surface properties is required to model the fundamental forces involved in the interaction. The preparation of such well-defined and idealized surfaces is often time consuming and the surfaces may not possess the behavior and properties of a source material in real processes, such as in industry. Moreover, external factors such as magnetic fields, ionic strengths and pH-values in a solution, may further complicate the evaluation. Hence, it is desirable to explore and develop techniques for trustable measurements of forces between “real” surfaces. These are often a complex composition of various force interactions and multiple surface contacts.The AFM probe technique was explored to measure force interactions between “real” particle surfaces. The work shows the applicability of the AFM technique to study the interaction forces despite the forecasted difficulties with the roughness of the particles.A technique to measure the adhesion and work of adhesion from AFM force curves was implemented and used. The thermal tune method was implemented in our commercial NT-MDT microscope to determine cantilever spring constants. The force interactions between natural microsize (m-s) magnetite particles and synthetic nanosize (n-s) magnetite particles were studied in calcium solution with concentrations of 1, 10, 100 mM and at pH values 4, 6 and 10. The changes in force interactions, due to variations in calcium concentration and pH were investigated. The adhesion force change with the concentration and pH was similar for m-s/m-s and m-s/n-s systems, and the adhesion force increased with the concentration at pH 6, except for the highest calcium concentration of 100 mM at pH 10. It was found that the magnetite surface modification could appear at the highest calcium concentration at pH 10. Moreover, the thesis contains preliminary results of the force interaction study between natural and synthetic bentonite-magnetite particles in calcium solution with concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mM at pH 6.The influence of roughness on the calculation of contact mechanics parameters were studied with AFM and Vertical Scanning Interferometry (VSI). This is important for future development of a model to describe and characterize the force interaction between samples with multiple surface contacts. It was found that the optical artifacts, induced by VSI, have a large influence on all the roughness parameters calculated on the calibration grids, which represent extreme surface topographies.
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| 25. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Surface Forces between Nanomagnetite and Silica in Aqueous Ca2+ Solutions Studied with AFM Colloidal Probe Method
- 2020
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Ingår i: Colloids and Interfaces. - : MDPI. - 2504-5377 .- 2504-5377. ; 4:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dispersion and aggregation of nanomagnetite (Fe3O4) and silica (SiO2) particles are of high importance in various applications, such as biomedicine, nanoelectronics, drug delivery, flotation, and pelletization of iron ore. In directly probing nanomagnetite–silica interaction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the colloidal probe technique has proven to be a suitable tool. In this work, the interaction between nanomagnetite and silica particles was measured with AFM in aqueous Ca2+ solution at different pH levels. This study showed that the qualitative changes of the interaction forces with pH and Ca2+ concentrations were consistent with the results from zeta-potential measurements. The repulsion between nanomagnetite and silica was observed at alkaline pH and 1 mM Ca2+ concentration, but no repulsive forces were observed at 3 mM Ca2+ concentration. The interaction forces on approach were due to van der Waals and electrical double-layer forces. The good fitting of experimental data to the DLVO model and simulations supported this conclusion. However, contributions from non-DLVO forces should also be considered. It was shown that an increase of Ca2+ concentration from 1 to 3.3 mM led to a less pronounced decrease of adhesion force with increasing pH. A comparison of measured and calculated adhesion forces with a few contact mechanics models demonstrated an important impact of nanomagnetite layer nanoroughness.
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| 26. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Thermoresponsive Pentablock Copolymer on Silica : Temperature Effects on Adsorption, Surface Forces, and Friction
- 2019
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 35:3, s. 653-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption of hydrophilic or amphiphilic multiblock copolymers provides a powerful means to produce well-defined "smart" surfaces, especially if one or several blocks are sensitive to external stimuli. We focus here on an A-B-A-B-A copolymer, where A is a cationic poly((3-acrylamido-propyl)-trimethylammonium chloride) (PAMPTMA) block containing 15 (end blocks) or 30 (middle block) repeat units and B is a neutral thermosensitive water-soluble poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PIPOZ) block with 50 repeat units. X-ray reflectivity and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring were employed to study the adsorption of PAMPTMA15-PIPOZ50-PAMPTMA30-PIPOZ50-PAMPTMA15 on silica surfaces. The latter technique was employed at different temperatures up to 50 °C. Surface forces and friction between the two silica surfaces across aqueous pentablock copolymer solutions at different temperatures were determined with the atomic force microscopy colloidal probe force and friction measurements. The cationic pentablock copolymer was found to have a high affinity to the negatively charged silica surface, leading to a thin (2 nm) and rigid adsorbed layer. A steric force was encountered at a separation of around 3 nm from hard wall contact. A capillary condensation of a polymer-rich phase was observed at the cloud point of the solution. The friction forces were evaluated using Amontons' rule modified with an adhesion term.
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| 27. |
- Dobryden, Illia, et al.
(författare)
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Water Dispersive Suprastructures : An Organizational Impact on Nanomechanical Properties
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Interfaces. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2196-7350. ; 8:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water dispersive 2D and 3D suprastructures offer a large number of potential applications in energy release, biomedicine and other fields. The nanomechanical properties of two suprastructures of self-assembled 9.6 nm Fe3O4 hydrophobic nanocrystals dispersed in water are elucidated by using atomic force microscopy. These suprastructures are either a shell consisting of a few layers of nanocrystals or spherical self-assemblies of nanocrystals in fcc superlattices called colloidosomes and supraballs, respectively. The major difference in the preparation of these suprastructure is based on the presence or not of octadecene molecules. It is recently demonstrated that these structures behave as nanoheaters and remain self-assembled after internalization in cancer cells. The observed differences between these suprastructures in terms of cell sensing are suggested to be related to their mechanical properties, which emphasize the importance of better understanding the nanomechanics of such suprastructures. In this study the nanomechanical properties of these suprastructures are shown to be load-depended in aqueous medium. Colloidosomes demonstrate higher flexibility and deformability than the supraballs. These findings provide essential knowledge for understanding differences in cell internalization and implementation in biomedicine. The differences in nanomechanical properties between these types of suprastructures are mainly due to their structures (hollow core–shell or fcc supracrystals).
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| 28. |
- Fameau, Anne-Laure, et al.
(författare)
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12-hydroxystearic acid-mediated in-situ surfactant generation : A novel approach for organohydrogel emulsions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Academic Press Inc.. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 672, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypothesis: Organohydrogel emulsions display unique rheological properties and contain hydrophilic and lipophilic domains highly desirable for the loading of active compounds. They find utility in various applications from food to pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products. The current systems have limited applications due to complex expensive formulation and/or processing difficulties in scale-up. To solve these issues, a simple emulsification process coupled with unique compounds are required. Experiments: Here, we report an organohydrogel emulsion based only on a low concentration of 12-hydroxystearic acid acting as a gelling agent for both oil and water phases but also as a surfactant. The emulsification process is based on in-situ surfactant transfer. We characterize the emulsification process occurring at the nanoscale by using tensiometry experiments. The emulsion structure was determined by coupling Small Angle X-ray and neutron scattering, and confocal Raman microscopy. Findings: We demonstrate that the stability and unique rheological properties of these emulsions come from the presence of self-assembled crystalline structures of 12-hydroxystearic acid in both liquid phases. The emulsion properties can be tuned by varying the emulsion composition over a wide range. These gelled emulsions are prepared using a low energy method offering easy scale-up at an industrial level.
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| 29. |
- Furustig, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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The measurement of wear using AFM and wear interpretation using a contact mechanics coupled wear model
- 2016
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Ingår i: Wear. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1648 .- 1873-2577. ; 350-351, s. 74-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detailed understanding of wear processes is required to improve the wear resistance and lifetime of machine components. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to measure surface height profiles with high precision, before and after a wear experiment. The distribution and depth of wear on steel surfaces is then calculated using a relocation method. A numerical investigation of wear based on Archard's equation is conducted on the same measured surfaces. A good correlation was found between the model and experiment for wear larger than a hundred nm. The wear mechanisms considered in the numerical simulation was thus found to be the cause of the majority of the wear. On the scale of tens of nm the correlation was limited, but the measured wear was still analysed in detail.
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| 30. |
- Ghamgosar, Pedram, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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ZnO-Cu2O core-shell nanowires as stable and fast response photodetectors
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 51, s. 308-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we present all-oxide p-n junction core-shell nanowires (NWs) as fast and stable self-powered photodetectors. Hydrothermally grown n-type ZnO NWs were conformal covered by different thicknesses (up to 420 nm) of p-type copper oxide layers through metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The ZnO NWs exhibit a single crystalline Wurtzite structure, preferentially grown along the [002] direction, and energy gap Eg=3.24 eV. Depending on the deposition temperature, the copper oxide shell exhibits either a crystalline cubic structure of pure Cu2O phase (MOCVD at 250 °C) or a cubic structure of Cu2O with the presence of CuO phase impurities (MOCVD at 300 °C), with energy gap of 2.48 eV. The electrical measurements indicate the formation of a p-n junction after the deposition of the copper oxide layer. The core-shell photodetectors present a photoresponsivity at 0 V bias voltage up to 7.7 µA/W and time response ≤0.09 s, the fastest ever reported for oxide photodetectors in the visible range, and among the fastest including photodetectors with response limited to the UV region. The bare ZnO NWs have slow photoresponsivity, without recovery after the end of photo-stimulation. The fast time response for the core-shell structures is due to the presence of the p-n junctions, which enables fast exciton separation and charge extraction. Additionally, the suitable electronic structure of the ZnO-Cu2O heterojunction enables self-powering of the device at 0 V bias voltage. These results represent a significant advancement in the development of low-cost, high efficiency and self-powered photodetectors, highlighting the need of fine tuning the morphology, composition and electronic properties of p-n junctions to maximize device performances.
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| 31. |
- Gilzad Kohan, Mojtaba, et al.
(författare)
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In-depth Carrier Transport in a Barrier Variable Iron-oxide and Vertically Aligned Reduced-Graphene Oxide Composite.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A key requirement for semiconductors operating in light harvesting devices, is to efficiently convert the absorbed photons to electronic excitations while accommodating low loss pathways for the photogenerated carrier’s transport. The quality of this process corresponds to different relaxation phenomena, yet primarily it corresponds to minimized thermalization of photoexcited carriers and maximum transfer of electron-hole pairs in the bulk of semiconductor through carrier-carrier scattering process. However, several semiconductors, while providing a suitable platform for light harvesting applications, pose intrinsic low carrier diffusion length of photoexcited carriers. Here we report a system based on a vertical network of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) embedded in a thin-film structure of iron oxide semiconductor, intended to employ carrier-carrier scattering properties of rGO to increase the photoexcited carrier transfer in the bulk of the semiconductor. Using intermodulation conductive force microscopy, we locally monitored the fluctuation of current output, which is the prime indication of the prevailing carrier-carrier scattering mechanism in the system. We reveal the fundamental properties of vertical rGO and semiconductor junction in light harvesting systems that enable the design of new promising materials with broad-band optical applications.
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| 32. |
- Gilzad Kohan, Mojtaba, et al.
(författare)
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In-depth photocarrier dynamics in a barrier variable iron-oxide and vertically aligned reduced-graphene oxide composite
- 2022
-
Ingår i: NPJ 2D MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-7132. ; 6:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key requirement for semiconductors operating in light-harvesting devices, is to efficiently convert the absorbed photons to electronic excitations while accommodating low loss pathways for the photogenerated carrier’s transport. The quality of this process corresponds to different relaxation phenomena, yet primarily it corresponds to minimized thermalization of photoexcited carriers and maximum transfer of electron-hole pairs in the bulk of semiconductor. However, several semiconductors, while providing a suitable platform for light-harvesting applications, pose intrinsic low carrier diffusion length of photoexcited carriers. Here we report a system based on a vertical network of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) embedded in a thin-film structure of iron oxide semiconductor, intended to exploit fast electron transport in rGO to increase the photoexcited carrier transfer from the bulk of the semiconductor to rGO and then to the external circuit. Using intermodulation conductive force microscopy, we locally monitored the fluctuation of current output, which is the prime indication of successful charge transfer from photoexcited semiconductor to rGO and efficient charge collection from the bulk of the semiconductor. We reveal the fundamental properties of vertical rGO and semiconductor junction in light-harvesting systems that enable the design of new promising materials for broad-band optical applications.
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| 33. |
- He, Yunjuan, et al.
(författare)
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Nano-scale mechanical and wear properties of a waterborne hydroxyacrylic-melamine anti-corrosion coating
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 457, s. 548-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corrosion protection is commonly achieved by applying a thin polymer coating on the metal surface. Many studies have been devoted to local events occurring at the metal surface leading to local or general corrosion. In contrast, changes occurring in the organic coating after exposure to corrosive conditions are much less studied. In this article we outline how changes in the coating itself due to curing conditions, environmental and erosion effects can be investigated at the nanometer scale, and discuss how such changes would affect its corrosion protection performance. We focus on a waterborne hydroxyacrylic-melamine coating, showing high corrosion protection performance for carbon steel during long-term (≈35 days) exposure to 0.1 M NaCl solution. The effect of curing time on the conversion of the crosslinking reaction within the coating was evaluated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); the wetting properties of the cured films were investigated by contact angle measurement, and the corrosion resistance was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In particular, coating nanomechanical and wear properties before and after exposure to 0.1 M NaCl, were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fiber-like surface features were observed after exposure, which are suggested to arise due to diffusion of monomers or low molecular weight polymers to the surface. This may give rise to local weakening of the coating, leading to local corrosion after even longer exposure times. We also find a direct correlation between the stick-slip spacing during shearing and plastic deformation induced in the surface layer, giving rise to topographical ripple structures on the nanometer length scale.
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| 34. |
- Hedberg, Yolanda, Docent, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Synergistic effects of metal-induced aggregation of human serum albumin
- 2019
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 173, s. 751-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) occurs often via skin contact and from different dental and orthopedic implants. The metal ions bind to proteins, which may induce structural changes and aggregation, with different medical consequences. We investigated human serum albumin (HSA) aggregation in the presence of Co-II, Cr-III, and/or Ni-II ions and/or their nanoparticle precipitates by using scattering, spectroscopic, and imaging techniques, at simulated physiological conditions (phosphate buffered saline - PBS, pH 7.3) using metal salts that did not affect the pH, and at HSA:metal molar ratios of up to 1:8. Co ions formed some solid nano particles in PBS at the investigated conditions, as determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis, but the Cr-III anions and Ni-II ions remained fully soluble. It was found that all metal ions induced HSA aggregation, and this effect was significantly enhanced when a mixture of all three metal ions was present instead of any single type of ion. Thus, the metal ions induce aggregation synergistically. HSA aggregates formed linear structures on a mica surface in the presence of Cr-III ions. A clear tendency of aggregation and linearly aligned aggregates was seen in the presence of all three metal ions. Spectroscopic investigations indicated that the majority of the HSA molecules maintained their alpha helical secondary structure and conformation. This study highlights the importance of synergistic effects of metal ions and/or their precipitates on protein aggregation, which are highly relevant for implant materials and common exposures to metals.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Huang, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Local surface mechanical properties of PDMS-silica nanocomposite probed with Intermodulation AFM
- 2017
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Ingår i: Composites Science And Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 150, s. 111-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposites are strongly affected by the nature of the interphase between filler and matrix, which can be controlled by means of surface chemistry. In this report, we utilize intermodulation atomic force microscopy (ImAFM) to probe local mechanical response with nanometer-scale resolution of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coatings with and without 20 wt% of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. The data evaluation is carried out without inferring any contact mechanics model, and is thus model-independent. ImAFM imaging reveals a small but readily measurable inhomogeneous mechanical response of the pure PDMS surface layer. The analysis of energy dissipation measured with ImAFM showed a lowering of the viscous response due to the presence of the hydrophobic silica nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. An enhanced elastic response was also evident from the in-phase stiffness of the matrix, which was found to increase by a factor of 1.5 in presence of the nanoparticles. Analysis of dissipation energy and stiffness in the immediate vicinity of the nanoparticles provides an estimate of the interphase thickness. Because the local stiffness varies significantly near the nanoparticle, AFM height images contain artifacts that must be corrected in order to reveal the true surface topography. Without such a correction the AFM height images erroneously show that the stiff particles protrude from the surface, whereas corrected images show that they are actually embedded in the matrix and likely covered with a thin layer of polymer.
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| 37. |
- Huang, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-dependent surface nanomechanical properties of a thermoplastic nanocomposite
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Academic Press Inc.. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 494, s. 204-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In polymer nanocomposites, particle-polymer interactions influence the properties of the matrix polymer next to the particle surface, providing different physicochemical properties than in the bulk matrix. This region is often referred to as the interphase, but detailed characterization of its properties remains a challenge. Here we employ two atomic force microscopy (AFM) force methods, differing by a factor of about 15 in probing rate, to directly measure the surface nanomechanical properties of the transition region between filler particle and matrix over a controlled temperature range. The nanocomposite consists of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) and poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (PiBMA) with a high concentration of hydrophobized silica nanoparticles. Both AFM methods demonstrate that the interphase region around a 40-nm-sized particle located on the surface of the nanocomposite could extend to 55-70nm, and the interphase exhibits a gradient distribution in surface nanomechanical properties. However, the slower probing rate provides somewhat lower numerical values for the surface stiffness. The analysis of the local glass transition temperature (T g) of the interphase and the polymer matrix provides evidence for reduced stiffness of the polymer matrix at high particle concentration, a feature that we attribute to selective adsorption. These findings provide new insight into understanding the microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocomposites, which is of importance for designing nanomaterials.
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| 38. |
- Ishak, Mohd I., et al.
(författare)
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Friction at nanopillared polymer surfaces beyond Amontons’ laws : Stick-slip amplitude coefficient (SSAC) and multiparametric nanotribological properties
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Academic Press Inc.. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 583, s. 414-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frictional and nanomechanical properties of nanostructured polymer surfaces are important to their technological and biomedical applications. In this work, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surfaces with a periodic distribution of well-defined nanopillars were fabricated through an anodization/embossing process. The apparent surface energy of the nanopillared surfaces was evaluated using the Fowkes acid-base approach, and the surface morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The normal and lateral forces between a silica microparticle and these surfaces were quantified using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM). The friction-load relationship followed Amonton's first law, and the friction coefficient appeared to scale linearly with the nanopillar height. Furthermore, all the nanopillared surfaces showed pronounced frictional instabilities compared to the smooth sliding friction loop on the flat control. Performing the stick–slip amplitude coefficient (SSAC) analysis, we found a correlation between the frictional instabilities and the nanopillars density, pull-off force and work of adhesion. We have summarised the dependence of the nanotribological properties on such nanopillared surfaces on five relevant parameters, i.e. pull-off force fp, Amontons’ friction coefficient μ, RMS roughness Rq, stick–slip amplitude friction coefficient SSAC, and work of adhesion between the substrate and water Wadh in a radar chart. Whilst demonstrating the complexity of the frictional behaviour of nanopillared polymer surfaces, our results show that analyses of multiparametric nanotribological properties of nanostructured surfaces should go beyond classic Amontons’ laws, with the SSAC more representative of the frictional properties compared to the friction coefficient.
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| 39. |
- Judith Cruz, M., et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion properties of nickel coatings obtained from aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Surface and Interface Analysis. - : WILEY. - 0142-2421 .- 1096-9918. ; 51:9, s. 943-953
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nickel was deposited on a copper substrate from aqueous and nonaqueous ethanol electrolytes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronovoltametry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to study the effect of the solvent on the surface and corrosion properties of the Ni coatings formed. Unifom and relatively smooth Ni films were obtained as measured with microscopy techniques. The formation of a passive film in acidic, alkaline, and neutral chloride-containing media was confirmed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The water-based nickel-plating electrolyte makes it possible to deposit coatings with higher corrosion resistance as compared with coatings deposited from ethanol electrolyte in NaOH and NaCl media. The proposed mechanism of corrosion in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution involves cycles of active-passive surface behavior due to its passivation by corrosion products.
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| 40. |
- Kaur, Jasreen, et al.
(författare)
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Label-free detection of polystyrene nanoparticles in Daphnia magna using Raman confocal mapping
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nanoscale Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2516-0230. ; 5:13, s. 3453-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Micro- and nanoplastic pollution has emerged as a global environmental problem. Moreover, plastic particles are of increasing concern for human health. However, the detection of so-called nanoplastics in relevant biological compartments remains a challenge. Here we show that Raman confocal spectroscopy-microscopy can be deployed for the non-invasive detection of amine-functionalized and carboxy-functionalized polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) in Daphnia magna. The presence of PS NPs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of D. magna was confirmed by using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we investigated the ability of NH2-PS NPs and COOH-PS NPs to disrupt the epithelial barrier of the GI tract using the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. To this end, the cells were differentiated for 21 days and then exposed to PS NPs followed by cytotoxicity assessment and transepithelial electrical resistance measurements. A minor disruption of barrier integrity was noted for COOH-PS NPs, but not for the NH2-PS NPs, while no overt cytotoxicity was observed for both NPs. This study provides evidence of the feasibility of applying label-free approaches, i.e., confocal Raman mapping, to study PS NPs in a biological system.
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| 41. |
- Kharitonov, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion of AD31 (AA6063) Alloy in Chloride-Containing Solutions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. - : MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER. - 2070-2051. ; 54:2, s. 291-300
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corrosion of AD31 (AA6063) alloy in neutral 0.05 M NaCl solutions is investigated via scanningprobe microscopy, linear-sweep voltammetry, and electrochemical-impedance spectroscopy. Al−Fe−Si−Mg intermetallic particles are determined to prevail in the structure of alloy and act as local cathodes. Intermodulation electrostatic-force-microscopy imaging shows that their Volta potential differs by 570 mV from that of the host aluminum matrix, making the alloy prone to localized corrosion. We show that the corrosion of alloy in the studied electrolyte mainly develops locally and results in pitting, with charge transfer being the limiting stage of the process. A mechanism of corrosion of the AD31 (AA6063) alloy in neutral chloride-containing solutions is proposed.
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| 42. |
- Kharitonov, Dmitry S., et al.
(författare)
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Surface and corrosion properties of AA6063-T5 aluminum alloy in molybdate-containing sodium chloride solutions
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corrosion properties of aluminum alloy AA6063-T5 were investigated in molybdate-containing NaCl solutions. Electrochemical, microscopic, and spectroscopic experiments were utilized to examine the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by molybdates. SEM-EDX, magnetic force, and intermodulation electrostatic force microscopy data suggested that the inhibition initiation preferentially occurred over Fe-rich cathodic IMPs. Spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the formed surface layer consists of mixed Mo(VI, V, IV) species. This layer provided inhibition with an efficiency of ∼90% after 4 h of exposure. High efficacy of ∼70% was achieved even after one week of exposure. A two-step oxidation-reduction mechanism of corrosion inhibition by aqueous molybdates was proposed. © 2020 The Authors
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| 43. |
- Kretschmer, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic Mucin Gels with Self-Healing Properties Augment Lubricity and Inhibit HIV-1 and HSV-2 Transmission
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 2198-3844. ; 9:32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucus is a self-healing gel that lubricates the moist epithelium and provides protection against viruses by binding to viruses smaller than the gel's mesh size and removing them from the mucosal surface by active mucus turnover. As the primary nonaqueous components of mucus (≈0.2%–5%, wt/v), mucins are critical to this function because the dense arrangement of mucin glycans allows multivalence of binding. Following nature's example, bovine submaxillary mucins (BSMs) are assembled into “mucus-like” gels (5%, wt/v) by dynamic covalent crosslinking reactions. The gels exhibit transient liquefaction under high shear strain and immediate self-healing behavior. This study shows that these material properties are essential to provide lubricity. The gels efficiently reduce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and genital herpes virus type 2 (HSV-2) infectivity for various types of cells. In contrast, simple mucin solutions, which lack the structural makeup, inhibit HIV-1 significantly less and do not inhibit HSV-2. Mechanistically, the prophylaxis of HIV-1 infection by BSM gels is found to be that the gels trap HIV-1 by binding to the envelope glycoprotein gp120 and suppress cytokine production during viral exposure. Therefore, the authors believe the gels are promising for further development as personal lubricants that can limit viral transmission. © 2022 The Authors.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Li, Gen, et al.
(författare)
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Load-dependent surface nanomechanical properties of poly-HEMA hydrogels in aqueous medium.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 15:38, s. 7704-7714
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical properties of hydrogels are of importance in many applications, including scaffolds and drug delivery vehicles where the release of drugs is controlled by water transport. While the macroscopic mechanical properties of hydrogels have been reported frequently, there are less studies devoted to the equally important nanomechanical response to local load and shear. Scanning probe methods offer the possibility to gain insight on surface nanomechanical properties with high spatial resolution, and thereby provide fundamental insights on local material property variations. In this work, we investigate the local response to load and shear of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels with two different cross-linking densities submerged in aqueous solution. The response of the hydrogels to purely normal loads, as well as the combined action of load and shear, was found to be complex due to viscoelastic effects. Our results show that the surface stiffness of the hydrogel samples increased with increasing load, while the tip-hydrogel adhesion was strongly affected by the load only when the cross-linking density was low. The combined action of load and shear results in the formation of a temporary sub-micrometer hill in front of the laterally moving tip. As the tip pushes against such hills, a pronounced stick-slip effect is observed for the hydrogel with low cross-linking density. No plastic deformation or permanent wear scar was found under our experimental conditions.
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| 46. |
- Li, Gen, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale Mechanical Properties of Core–Shell-like Poly-NIPAm Microgel Particles : Effect of Temperature and Cross-Linking Density
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 125:34, s. 9860-9869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poly-NIPAm microgel particles with two different cross-linking densities were prepared with the classical batch polymerization process. These particles were adsorbed onto modified silica surfaces, and their nanomechanical properties were measured by means of atomic force microscopy. It was found that these particles have a hard core–soft shell structure both below and above the volume transition temperature. The core–shell-like structure appears due to a higher reaction rate of the cross-linker compared to that of the monomer, leading to depletion of cross-linker in the shell region. The microgel beads with lower average cross-linking density were found to be less stiff below the volume transition temperature than the microgel with higher cross-linking density. Increasing the temperature further to just above the volume transition temperature led to lower stiffness of the more highly cross-linked microgel compared to its less cross-linked counterpart. This effect is explained with the more gradual deswelling with temperature for the more cross-linked microgel particles. This phenomenon was confirmed by dynamic light scattering measurements in the bulk phase, which showed that the larger cross-linking density microgel showed a more gradual collapse in aqueous solution as the temperature was increased.
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| 47. |
- Li, Gen, et al.
(författare)
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Temperature-Dependent Nanomechanical Properties of Adsorbed Poly-NIPAm Microgel Particles Immersed in Water
- 2021
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 37:5, s. 1902-1912
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The temperature dependence of nanomechanical properties of adsorbed poly-NIPAm microgel particles prepared by a semibatch polymerization process was investigated in an aqueous environment via indentation-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. Poly-NIPAm microgel particles prepared by the classical batch process were also characterized for comparison. The local mechanical properties were measured between 26 and 35 °C, i.e., in the temperature range of the volume transition. Two different AFM tips with different shapes and end radii were utilized. The nanomechanical properties measured by the two kinds of tips showed a similar temperature dependence of the nanomechanical properties, but the actual values were found to depend on the size of the tip. The results suggest that the semibatch synthesis process results in the formation of more homogeneous microgel particles than the classical batch method. The methodological approach reported in this work is generally applicable to soft surface characterization in situ.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Makarova, Irina, et al.
(författare)
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Nickel-nanodiamond coatings electrodeposited from tartrate electrolyte at ambient temperature
- 2019
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, nanocrystalline Ni and Ni-diamond coatings were obtained by electrodeposition from tartrate electrolyte at ambient temperature aiming at improving corrosion and wear properties of the material. The created surfaces were investigated with regard to microhardness, adhesion, wear- and corrosion-resistance. The various methods such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarization technique were applied to study the coating surface properties. The introduction of nanodiamond particles into the coating led to a rougher surface structure and a bigger grain size in comparison to bare nickel coating. Our study shows that the addition of 5·10−2 (g dm−3) of nanodiamonds to the plating bath is enough to obtain composite coatings with a clear increase in microhardness and wear resistance. The slightly improved corrosion resistance of the coating, decrease in corrosion current density from 0.41 to 0.14 μA cm−2 in neutral chloride-containing medium, and nobler values of the corrosion potential were also observed.
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| 50. |
- Makarova, I. V., et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion Behavior in Acid and Alkaline Media of Nickel Coatings Deposited at Room Temperature
- 2018
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Ingår i: Russian journal of applied chemistry. - : Pleiades Publishing. - 1070-4272 .- 1608-3296. ; 91:9, s. 1441-1450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impedance spectroscopy, chronovoltammetry, chronopotentiometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic-force microscopy were used to examine the corrosion behavior in acid and alkaline media and the morphology of nickel coatings electrodeposited from acetate, tartrate, and isobutyrate electrolytes at a temperature of 20–25°C. Models describing the nickel corrosion processes in H2SO4 and NaOH solutions were suggested. It was found that nickel coatings formed from isobutyrate electrolytes have the highest corrosion resistance.
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