| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Almér, Alexander, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Collective cognition and distributed information processing from bacteria to humans
- 2015
-
Ingår i: AISB Convention 2015, Canterbury, United Kingdom, 20-22 April 2015.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to propose a general infocomputational model of cognition that can be applied to living organisms from the level of a single celĺs cognition to the level of groups of increasingly complex organisms with social, distributed cognition. We defend the project of new cognitivism, which unlike the old one acknowledges the central role of embodiment for cognition. Information processing going on in a cognising agent range from transduction of chemical signals and "quorum sensing" in bacteria, via simple local rules of behaviour that insects follow and that manifest themselves as "swarm intelligence", to human level cognition with full richness of human languages and other systems of communication.
|
|
| 3. |
- Backhaus, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
Wikileaks and Ethics of Whistle Blowing
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings IACAP 2011. The computational Turn: Past, Presents, Futures?, p 332, Mv-Wissenschaft, Münster, Århus University, Danmark, Editor(s):Charles Ess and Ruth Hagengruber, 2-4 July 2011. - Arhus University, Danmark.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 4. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
A Multiscale Taxonomy of Information in the World
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Theoretical Information Studies. - Singapore : World Scientific. - 9813277483 ; , s. 3-27
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We construct a multiscale, multiaspect taxonomy of information. This taxonomy is a unified system of aspect taxonomies of information, the majority of which are developed by the authors while others are suggested by other researchers. Each aspect taxonomy reflects some aspect of information representing modes of this aspect. In such a way, information is represented in a multidimensional parametric space. This representation has several goals: to support conceptual analysis of information, allow better utilization of information in the domain of cognition, enable improvement of efficiency of information processing systems, such as search engines, and provide better methodological approaches to information.
|
|
| 5. |
- Burgin, Mark, 1940, et al.
(författare)
-
A Multiscale Taxonomy of Information in the World
- 2020
-
Ingår i: THEORETICAL INFORMATION STUDIES: Information in the world. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC. - 9789813277496 ; , s. 3-27
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We construct a multiscale multi-aspect taxonomy of information. This taxonomy is a unified system of aspect taxonomies of information, the majority of which are developed by the authors while others are suggested by other researchers. Each aspect taxonomy reflects some aspect of information representing modes of this aspect. In such a way, information is represented in a multidimensional parametric space. This representation has several goals: to support conceptual analysis of information, allow better utilization of information in the domain of cognition, to enable improvement of efficiency of information processing systems, such as search engines, and to provide better methodological approaches to information.
|
|
| 6. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
A Taxonomy of Computation and Information Architecture
- 2015
-
Ingår i: In Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA.. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450333931 ; 07-11-September-2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays computation is typically understood through the Turing machine model, in the fields of computability, computational complexity and even as a basis for present-day computer hardware and software architectures. Those are technologies designed in the first place to process data. Being description of data manipulation, Turing model of computation presents only one aspect of computation in the real world – an abstraction of the execution of an algorithm. However, several other possible aspects of computation, even those existing in today’s applications, are left outside, thus adequate models in distributed, self-organized, resource-aware, adaptive, learning computation systems are needed. This paper presents taxonomy of existing models of computation. It is connected to more general notion of natural computation, intrinsic to physical systems, and particularly cognitive computation in cognitive systems. We see Turing model of computation as a basic mechanism which can be used to build more complex computational architectures, that in combination with interaction with the environment (learning) give advanced information-processing behaviors in cognitive systems.
|
|
| 7. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Computation as Information Transformation
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IS4IS Summit Vienna 2015.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Future progress of new information processing devices capable of dealing with problems such as big data, Internet of things, semantic web, cognitive robotics, neuroinformatics and similar, depends on the adequate and efficient models of computation. We argue that defining computation as information transformation, and given that there is no information without representation, the dynamics of information on the fundamental level is physical/ intrinsic/ natural computation (Dodig-Crnkovic, 2011) (Dodig-Crnkovic, 2014). Intrinsic natural computation occurs on variety of levels of physical processes, such as the levels of computation of living organisms as well as designed computational devices. The present article is building on our typology of models of computation as information processing (Burgin & Dodig-Crnkovic, 2013). It is indicating future paths for the advancement of the field, expected both as a result of the development of new computational models and learning from nature how to better compute using information transformation mechanisms of intrinsic computation.
|
|
| 8. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
From the Closed Classical Algorithmic Universe to an Open World of Algorithmic Constellations
- 2013
-
Ingår i: COMPUTING NATURE, Volume 7 of the series Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642372247 ; , s. 241-253
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we analyze methodological and philosophical implications of algorithmic aspects of unconventional computation. At first, we describe how the classical algorithmic universe developed and analyze why it became closed in the conventional approach to computation. Then we explain how new models of algorithms turned the classical closed algorithmic universe into the open world of algorithmic constellations, allowing higher flexibility and expressive power, supporting constructivism and creativity in mathematical modeling. As Gödel’s undecidability theorems demonstrate, the closed algorithmic universe restricts essential forms of mathematical cognition. In contrast, the open algorithmic universe, and even more the open world of algorithmic constellations, remove such restrictions and enable new, richer understanding of computation.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Theoretical Information Studies: Information in the World. - Singapore : World Scientific. - 9789813277496
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Theoretical Information Studies is the second volume which together with Philosophy and Methodology of Information comprises a two-volume edition with the aim of laying out the foundation of the emerging research field of the Study of Information. It is based on the Summit “Digitalisation for a Sustainable Society” organized by the International Society for the Study of Information held in Gothenburg in 2017 (http://is4si-2017.org). This volume contains a selection of the best theoretical contributions from the Gothenburg summit, together with a number of invited contributions of leading contemporary researchers in the field of the Study of Information…
|
|
| 11. |
- Burgin, Mark, 1940, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2020
-
Ingår i: THEORETICAL INFORMATION STUDIES: Information in the world. - : WORLD SCIENTIFIC. - 9789813277496 ; , s. ix-xxi
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Theoretical Information Studies is the second volume which together with Philosophy and Methodology of Information comprises a two-volume edition with the aim of laying out the foundation of the emerging research field of the Study of Information. It is based on the Summit “Digitalisation for a Sustainable Society” organized by the International Society for the Study of Information held in Gothenburg in 2017 (http://is4si-2017.org). This volume contains a selection of the best theoretical contributions from the Gothenburg summit, together with a number of invited contributions of leading contemporary researchers in the field of the Study of Information. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/pdf/10.1142/9789813277496_0001
|
|
| 12. |
- Burgin, Mark, 1940, et al.
(författare)
-
Modelling Computing Devices and Processes by Information Operators
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Proceedings (MDPI). - Basel Switzerland : MDPI. - 2504-3900. ; 47:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of operator is exceedingly important in many areas as a tool of theoretical studies and practical applications. Here, we introduce the operator theory of computing, opening new opportunities for the exploration of computing devices, networks, and processes. In particular, the operator approach allows for the solving of many computing problems in a more general context of operating spaces. In addition, operator representation of computing devices and their networks allows for the construction of a variety of operator compositions and the development of new schemas of computation as well as network and computer architectures using operations with operators. Besides, operator representation allows for the efficient application of the axiomatic technique for the investigation of computation.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Prolegomena to an operator theory of computation
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Information (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2078-2489. ; 11:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defining computation as information processing (information dynamics) with information as a relational property of data structures (the difference in one system that makes a difference in another system) makes it very suitable to use operator formulation, with similarities to category theory. The concept of the operator is exceedingly important in many knowledge areas as a tool of theoretical studies and practical applications. Here we introduce the operator theory of computing, opening new opportunities for the exploration of computing devices, processes, and their networks.
|
|
| 15. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Prolegomena to Information Taxonomy
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings (MDPI). - 2504-3900. ; 1:3, s. 210-213
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a part of the multiscale taxonomy of information constructed by the authors. This taxonomy is a unified system of aspect taxonomies of information.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Burgin, Mark, et al.
(författare)
-
Typologies of Computation and Computational Models
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Arxiv.org. ; arXiv:1312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We need much better understanding of information processing and computation as its primary form. Future progress of new computational devices capable of dealing with problems of big data, internet of things, semantic web, cognitive robotics and neuroinformatics depends on the adequate models of computation. In this article we first present the current state of the art through systematization of existing models and mechanisms, and outline basic structural framework of computation. We argue that defining computation as information processing, and given that there is no information without (physical) representation, the dynamics of information on the fundamental level is physical/ intrinsic/ natural computation. As a special case, intrinsic computation is used for designed computation in computing machinery. Intrinsic natural computation occurs on variety of levels of physical processes, containing the levels of computation of living organisms (including highly intelligent animals) as well as designed computational devices. The present article offers a typology of current models of computation and indicates future paths for the advancement of the field; both by the development of new computational models and by learning from nature how to better compute using different mechanisms of intrinsic computation.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
-
Contemporary Natural Philosophy and Philosophies - Part 2
- 2020
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present book is Part 2 of the project of a series under the common title Contemporary Natural Philosophy and Philosophies, intended as a venue for publishing the results of research and philosophical reflection seeking a unified vision of reality threatened by the centrifugal forces of growing specialization. In the Introduction to Part 1, the project was presented within the mission of the journal Philosophies: “From the Philosophies program [1], one of the main aims of the journal is to help establish a new unity in diversity in human knowledge, which would include both ‘Wissen’ (i.e., ‘Wissenschaft’) and ‘sc¯ıre’ (i.e., ‘science’). ‘Wissenschaft’ (the pursuit of knowledge, learning, and scholarship) is a broader concept of knowledge than ‘science’, as it involves all kinds of knowledge, including philosophy, and not exclusively knowledge in the form of directly testable explanations and predictions. The broader notion of scholarship incorporates an understanding and articulation of the role of the learner and the process of the growth of knowledge and its development, rather than only the final product and its verification and validation. In other words, it is a form of knowledge that is inclusive of both short-term and long-term perspectives; it is local and global, critical and hypothetical (speculative), breaking new ground. This new synthesis or rather re-integration of knowledge is expected to resonate with basic human value systems, including cultural values”
|
|
| 22. |
- Çürüklü, Baran, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Industrial Robots with Human-like Moral Responsibilities
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, Osaka, Japan, March 2010. - 9781424448937
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robots do not have any capability of taking moral responsibility. At the same time industrial robotics is entering a new era with ¿intelligent¿ robots sharing workbench with humans. Teams consisting of humans and industrial robots are no longer science fiction. The biggest worry in this scenario is the fear of humans losing control and robots running amok. We believe that the current way of implementing safety measures have shortcomings, and cannot address challenges related to close collaboration between humans and robots. We propose that ¿intelligent¿ industrial robots of the future should have moral responsibilities towards their human colleagues. We also propose that implementation of moral responsibility is radically different from standard safety measures.
|
|
| 23. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
4th Space as Smart Information Ecology with Design Requirements of Sustainability, Ethics and Inclusion
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings (MDPI). - Basel Switzerland : MDPI. - 2504-3900. ; 81:1, s. 124-127
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New social environments are emerging as spaces and places where work and life at home are no longer separate. Digital spaces and physical places have become intertwined: the 1st space is home, the 2nd is work, the 3rd is informal meeting places, while the 4th space represents different combinations of the previous ones. This paper describes the need for value-based designs of the 4th space through a transdisciplinary approach. We argue for a need to understand human interactions in physical and digital spaces from a user-centered perspective, meaning to understand user needs and preferences of digital content in physical and virtual spaces. Moreover, we point out the need to address identity, ethical, and legal requirements of these types of spaces. Finally, we address the need to connect emerging technologies such as AI, and design approaches such a gamification, with cognitive, structural, economic, social and technological challenges and opportunities of the 4th space.
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
A Systematic Approach to Autonomous Agents
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Philosophies. - 2409-9287. ; 9:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agents and agent-based systems are becoming essential in the development of various fields, such as artificial intelligence, ubiquitous computing, ambient intelligence, autonomous computing, and intelligent robotics. The concept of autonomous agents, inspired by the observed agency in living systems, is also central to current theories on the origin, development, and evolution of life. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an accurate understanding of agents and the concept of agency. This paper begins by discussing the role of agency in natural systems as an inspiration and motivation for agential technologies and then introduces the idea of artificial agents. A systematic approach is presented for the classification of artificial agents. This classification aids in understanding the existing state of the artificial agents and projects their potential future roles in addressing specific types of problems with dedicated agent types.
|
|
| 26. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
Absolute Alpha-decay Rates in Po Isotopes
- 1985
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 444, s. 419-435
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Absolute a-decay widths in Po isotopes are studied in terms of a correlated basis consisting of two-particle (physical) states. It is found that the neutron-neutron, proton-proton and neutron-proton pairing interactions play a fundamental role in clustering the neutrons and protons thateventually constitute the alpha-particle. As a result, the calculated alpha-decay widths are enhanced by several orders of magnitude by properly including the pairing interaction. Reasonable agreement with available experimental data is obtained.
|
|
| 27. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
Agent Based Modeling with Applications to Social Computing
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings IACAP 2011. The Computational Turn: Past, Presents, Futures?, p 305, Mv-Wissenschaft, Münster, Århus University, Danmark, Editor(s): Charles Ess and Ruth Hagengruber, 2-4 July 2011..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 28. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
AI for People and with People Workshop
- 2023
-
Ingår i: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. ; , s. 500-501
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chalmers AI Center CHAIR is supporting the project "AI for people"to focus on the societal implications of AI from an interdisciplinary perspective. The project includes this workshop that emphasizes interactive and collaborative dimensions of AI, inviting renowned researchers from diverse fields. The workshop aims to foster discussions about the human facets of AI, focusing on ethical, social, artistic, and multidisciplinary aspects. It seeks to create an interdisciplinary dialogue among various disciplines such as interaction design, cognitive science, roboethics, and more. The workshop includes presentations and a panel discussion. It is anticipated to emphasize the collaborative relationship between humans and AI, centering on enhancing human lives and prioritizing ethics, transparency, and inclusivity. It aims at positioning AI as a tool for positive societal transformation and human empowerment.
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
An exact shell-model treatment of Alpha-clustering and absolute Alpha-decay
- 1989
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - 0375-9474. ; 501:3, s. 533-545
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The alpha clustering and corresponding alpha decay of 212Po is studied within the framework of a multistep shell-model method. All interactions among the four nucleons that constitute the alpha particle are included and a large single-particle representation is used.
|
|
| 31. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
Biological Information and Natural Computation
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Thinking Machines and the Philosophy of Computer Science. - : IGI Global. - 9781616920142 ; , s. 1-27
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- http://www.mrtc.mdh.se/~gdc/work/Biological%20Information%2520and%20Natural%20Computation.pdf
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
Cognition as Embodied Morphological Computation
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PT-AI: 3rd Conference on "Philosophy and Theory of Artificial Intelligence Philosophy and Theory of Artificial Intelligence 2017. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319964485 ; , s. 19-23
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognitive science is considered to be the study of mind (consciousness and thought) and intelligence in humans. Under such definition variety of unsolved/unsolvable problems appear. This article argues for a broad understanding of cognition based on empirical results from i.a. natural sciences, self-organization, artificial intelligence and artificial life, network science and neuroscience, that apart from the high level mental activities in humans, includes sub-symbolic and sub-conscious processes, such as emotions, recognizes cognition in other living beings as well as extended and distributed/social cognition. The new idea of cognition as complex multiscale phenomenon evolved in living organisms based on bodily structures that process information, linking cognitivists and EEEE (embodied, embedded, enactive, extended) cognition approaches with the idea of morphological computation (info-computational self-organisation) in cognizing agents, emerging in evolution through interactions of a (living/cognizing) agent with the environment.
|
|
| 34. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
Cognition as Morphological/Morphogenetic Embodied Computation In Vivo
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Entropy. - : MDPI AG. - 1099-4300. ; 24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cognition, historically considered uniquely human capacity, has been recently found to be the ability of all living organisms, from single cells and up. This study approaches cognition from an info-computational stance, in which structures in nature are seen as information, and processes (information dynamics) are seen as computation, from the perspective of a cognizing agent. Cognition is understood as a network of concurrent morphological/morphogenetic computations unfolding as a result of self-assembly, self-organization, and autopoiesis of physical, chemical, and biological agents. The present-day human-centric view of cognition still prevailing in major encyclopedias has a variety of open problems. This article considers recent research about morphological computation, morphogenesis, agency, basal cognition, extended evolutionary synthesis, free energy principle, cognition as Bayesian learning, active inference, and related topics, offering new theoretical and practical perspectives on problems inherent to the old computationalist cognitive models which were based on abstract symbol processing, and unaware of actual physical constraints and affordances of the embodiment of cognizing agents. A better understanding of cognition is centrally important for future artificial intelligence, robotics, medicine, and related fields.
|
|
| 35. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
Cognitive Architectures Based on Natural Info-Computation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics. - Cham : Springer. - 2192-6255 .- 2192-6263. ; , s. 3-13, s. 3-13
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the time when the first models of cognitive architectures have been proposed, some forty years ago, understanding of cognition, embodiment and evolution was substantially different from today’s. So was the state of the art of information physics, information chemistry, bioinformatics, neuroinformatics, computational neuroscience, complexity theory, self-organization, theory of evolution, as well as the basic concepts of information and computation. Novel developments support a constructive interdisciplinary framework for cognitive architectures based on natural morphological computing, where interactions between constituents at different levels of organization of matter-energy and their corresponding time-dependent dynamics, lead to complexification of agency and increased cognitive capacities of living organisms that unfold through evolution. Proposed info-computational framework for naturalizing cognition considers present updates (generalizations) of the concepts of information, computation, cognition, and evolution in order to attain an alignment with the current state of the art in corresponding research fields. Some important open questions are suggested for future research with implications for further development of cognitive and intelligent technologies.
|
|
| 36. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
Cognitive revolution, virtuality and good life
- 2013
-
Ingår i: AI and Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0951-5666 .- 1435-5655. ; 28:3, s. 319-327
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We are living in an era when the focus of human relationships with the world is shifting from execution and physical impact to control and cognitive/informational interaction. This emerging, increasingly informational world is our new ecology, an infosphere that presents the grounds for a cognitive revolution based on interactions in networks of biological and artificial, intelligent agents. After the industrial revolution, which extended the human body through mechanical machinery, the cognitive revolution extends the human mind/cognition through information-processing machinery. These novel circumstances come with new qualities and preferences demanding new conceptualizations. We have some work ahead of us to establish value systems and practices extended from the real to the increasingly virtual/info-computational. This paper first presents a current view of the virtual versus the real and then offers an interpretation framework based on an info-computational understanding of cognition in which agency implies computational processing of informational structures of the world as an infosphere. The notion of "good life" is discussed in light of different ideals of well-being in the infosphere, connecting virtuality as a space of potential and alternative worlds for an agent for whom the reality is a space of actual experiences, in the sense of Deleuze. Even though info-computational framework enables us to see both the real world and the diversity of virtual worlds in terms of computational processes on informational structures, based on a distinct layered cognitive architecture of all physical agents, there is clear difference between potential worlds of the virtual and actual agent's experiences made in the real. Info-computationalism enables insight into the mechanisms of infosphere and elucidates its importance as cognitively predominant environment and communication media. The conclusion is that by cocooning ourselves in an elaborate info-computational infrastructure of the virtual, we may be increasingly isolating ourselves from the reality of direct experience of the world. The biggest challenges of the cognitive revolution may not be technological but ethical. They are about the nature of being human and its values. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.
|
|
| 37. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Springer Handbooks. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2522-8692 .- 2522-8706. ; , s. 695-718, s. 695-718
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Computational models and tools provide increasingly solid foundations for the study of cognition and model-based reasoning, with knowledge generation in different types of cognising agents, from the simplest ones like bacteria to the complex human distributed cognition. After the introduction of the computational turn, we proceed to models of computation and the relationship between information and computation. A distinction is made between mathematical and computational (executable) models, which are central for biology, and cognition. Computation as it appears in cognitive systems is physical, natural, embodied and distributed computation, and we explain how it relates to the symbol manipulation view of classical computationalism. As present day models of distributed, asynchronous, heterogeneous and concurrent networks are becoming increasingly well suited for modelling of cognitive systems with their dynamic properties, they can be used to study mechanisms of abduction and scientific discovery. We conclude the chapter with the presentation of software modelling with computationally automated reasoning and the discussion of model transformations and separation between semantics and ontology.
|
|
| 38. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Computing Nature
- 2013
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The book Computing Nature presents a selection of works from the Symposium on Natural/Unconventional Computing at AISB/IACAP (British Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour and The In-ternational Association for Computing and Philosophy) World Congress 2012, held at the University of Birmingham, on the occasion of the centenary of Alan Turing’s birth. This volume is about nature considered as the totality of physical existence, the universe. By physical we mean all phenomena - objects and processes - that are possible to detect either directly by our senses or via instruments. In a computing nature processes are understood as computations on different levels of organisation. Contributors are the world-leading researchers in this field.
|
|
| 39. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
Constructive Research and Info-computational Knowledge Generation
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology. Studies in Computational Intelligence. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642152221 ; , s. 359-380
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is usual when writing on research methodology in dissertations and thesis work within Software Engineering to refer to Empirical Methods, Grounded Theory and Action Research. Analysis of Constructive Research Methods which are fundamental for all knowledge production and especially for concept formation, modeling and the use of artifacts is seldom given, so the relevant first-hand knowledge is missing. This article argues for introducing of the analysis of Constructive Research Methods, as crucial for understanding of research process and knowledge production. The paper provides characterization of the Constructive Research Method and its relations to Action Research and Grounded Theory. Illustrative examples from Software Engineering, Cognitive Science and Brain Simulation are presented. Finally, foundations of Constructive Research are analyzed within the framework of Info-Computationalism.
|
|
| 40. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Contemporary Natural Philosophy and Philosophies
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Philosophies. - : MDPI AG. - 2409-9287. ; 3:42, s. 1-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From the Philosophies program [1], one of the main aims of the journal is to help establish a new unity in diversity in human knowledge, which would include both “Wissen” (i.e., “Wissenschaft”) and “scīre” (i.e., “science”). As is known, “Wissenshaft” (the pursuit of knowledge, learning, and scholarship) is a broader concept of knowledge than “science”, as it involves all kinds of knowledge, including philosophy, and not exclusively knowledge in the form of directly testable explanations and predictions. The broader notion of scholarship incorporates an understanding and articulation of the role of the learner and the process of the growth of knowledge and its development, rather than only the final product and its verification and validation. In other words, it is a form of knowledge that is inclusive of both short-term and long-term perspectives; it is local and global, critical and hypothetical (speculative), breaking new ground. This new synthesis or rather re-integration of knowledge is expected to resonate with basic human value systems, including cultural values. Since knowledge tends to spontaneously fragment while it grows, Philosophies takes existing diversity as a resource and a starting point for a new synthesis. The idea of broad, inclusive knowledge is in fact not so new. From the beginning, natural philosophy included all contemporary knowledge about nature. Newton was a natural philosopher, as were Bohr, Einstein, Prigogine, Weizsäcker, and Wheeler—to name but a few. Today, the unifying picture of the natural/physical world is sorely missing among the isolated silos of particular scientific domains, each with its own specific ontologies, methodologies, and epistemologies. From the profound need for connected and common knowledge, new trends towards synthesis have emerged in the last decades. One major theme is complexity science, especially when applied to biology or medicine, which helps us to grasp the importance of connectedness between present-day disparate pieces of knowledge—frameworks, theories, approaches, etc. Related to this is the emergence of network science, which studies structures of nodes (actors) and edges as connections between them.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Discussion on the Relationship between Computation, Information, Cognition, and Their Embodiment
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Entropy. - : MDPI AG. - 1099-4300. ; 25
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three special issues of Entropy journal have been dedicated to the topics of “Information-Processing and Embodied, Embedded, Enactive Cognition”. They addressed morphological computing, cognitive agency, and the evolution of cognition. The contributions show the diversity of views present in the research community on the topic of computation and its relation to cognition. This paper is an attempt to elucidate current debates on computation that are central to cognitive science. It is written in the form of a dialog between two authors representing two opposed positions regarding the issue of what computation is and could be, and how it can be related to cognition. Given the different backgrounds of the two researchers, which span physics, philosophy of computing and information, cognitive science, and philosophy, we found the discussions in the form of Socratic dialogue appropriate for this multidisciplinary/cross-disciplinary conceptual analysis. We proceed as follows. First, the proponent (GDC) introduces the info-computational framework as a naturalistic model of embodied, embedded, and enacted cognition. Next, objections are raised by the critic (MM) from the point of view of the new mechanistic approach to explanation. Subsequently, the proponent and the critic provide their replies. The conclusion is that there is a fundamental role for computation, understood as information processing, in the understanding of embodied cognition.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
-
Ethical Aspects of Technology in the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IACAP 2016 Ferrara Conference.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In technological systems, decisions are often governed by multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques that take into account mutually opposing criteria for the system, and it results in ranking of alternatives. MCDA is based on value systems of decision-makers, and ethical deliberation in the process is implicit. We argue that it is necessary to make decision-making in technological systems transparent such that value basis and ethical considerations become explicit and subject for scrutiny of involved stakeholders. As different priorities, value systems and ethical choices result in different technical solutions, such solutions when put in use will promote those intrinsic and implicit values. In a society with ubiquitous technology, value aspects of technology are essential. At present there is no explicit mechanism to expose ethical aspects in these analyses, so they can easily be forgotten. As a support to encourage introduction of transparent value-based deliberation we propose an extended MCDA scheme that explicitly takes into account ethical analysis.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Dodig Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Floridi’s “Open Problems in Philosophy of Information”, Ten Years Later
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Information. - : MDPI AG. - 2078-2489. ; 2:2, s. 327-359
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In his article Open Problems in the Philosophy of Information 1 Luciano Floridi presented a Philosophy of Information research program in the form of eighteen open problems, covering the following fundamental areas: Information definition, information semantics, intelligence/cognition, informational universe/nature and values/ethics. We revisit Floridis program, highlighting some of the major advances, commenting on unsolved problems and rendering the new landscape of the Philosophy of Information (PI) emerging at present. As we analyze the progress of PI we try to situate Floridis program in the context of scientific and technological development that have been made last ten years. We emphasize that Philosophy of Information is a huge and vibrant research field, with its origins dating before Open Problems, and its domains extending even outside their scope. In this paper, we have been able only to sketch some of the developments during the past ten years. Our hope is that, even if fragmentary, this review may serve as a contribution to the effort of understanding the present state of the art and the paths of development of Philosophy of Information as seen through the lens of Open Problems.
|
|
