| 1. |
- Doi, Hideyuki, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating elements and energy through the metabolic dependencies of gross growth efficiency and the threshold elemental ratio
- 2010
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 119:5, s. 752-765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic theory proposes that individual growth is governed through the mass- and temperature-dependence of metabolism, and ecological stoichiometry posits that growth is maximized at consumer-specific optima of resource elemental composition. A given consumer's optimum, the threshold elemental ratio (TER), is proportional to the ratio of its maximum elemental gross growth efficiencies (GGEs). GGE is defined by the ratio of metabolism-dependent processes such that GGEs should be independent of body mass and temperature. Understanding the metabolic-dependencies of GGEs and TERs may open the path towards a theoretical framework integrating the flow of energy and chemical elements through ecosystems. However, the mass and temperature scaling of GGEs and TERs have not been broadly evaluated. Here, we use data from 95 published studies to evaluate these metabolic-dependencies for C, N and P from unicells to vertebrates. We show that maximum GGEs commonly decline as power functions of asymptotic body mass and exponential functions of temperature. The rates of change in maximum GGEs with mass and temperature are relatively slow, however, suggesting that metabolism may not causally influence maximum GGEs. We additionally derived the theoretical expectation that the TER for C:P should not vary with body mass and this was supported empirically. A strong linear relationship between carbon and nitrogen GGEs further suggests that variation in the TER for C:N should be due to variation in consumer C:N. In general we show that GGEs may scale with metabolic rate, but it is unclear if there is a causal link between metabolism and GGEs. Further integrating stoichiometry and metabolism will provide better understanding of the processes governing the flow of energy and elements from organisms to ecosystems.
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| 2. |
- Huston, Grayson P., et al.
(författare)
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Detection of fish sedimentary DNA in aquatic systems : A review of methodological challenges and future opportunities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental DNA. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2637-4943. ; 5:6, s. 1449-1472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental DNA studies have proliferated over the last decade, with promising data describing the diversity of organisms inhabiting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The recovery of DNA present in the sediment of aquatic systems (sedDNA) has provided short- and long-term data on a wide range of biological groups (e.g., photosynthetic organisms, zooplankton species) and has advanced our understanding of how environmental changes have affected aquatic communities. However, substantial challenges remain for recovering the genetic material of macro-organisms (e.g., fish) from sediments, preventing complete reconstructions of past aquatic ecosystems, and limiting our understanding of historic, higher trophic level interactions. In this review, we outline the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the production, persistence, and transport of fish DNA from the water column to the sediments, and address questions regarding the preservation of fish DNA in sediment. We identify sources of uncertainties around the recovery of fish sedDNA arising during the sedDNA workflow. This includes methodological issues related to experimental design, DNA extraction procedures, and the selected molecular method (quantitative PCR, digital PCR, metabarcoding, metagenomics). By evaluating previous efforts (published and unpublished works) to recover fish sedDNA signals, we provide suggestions for future research and propose troubleshooting workflows for the effective detection and quantification of fish sedDNA. With further research, the use of sedDNA has the potential to be a powerful tool for inferring fish presence over time and reconstructing their population and community dynamics.
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| 3. |
- Morokuma, Tomoki, et al.
(författare)
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OISTER optical and near-infrared monitoring observations of peculiar radio-loud active galactic nucleus SDSSJ110006.07+442144.3
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nippon Tenmon Gakkai obun kenkyu hokoku. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0004-6264. ; 69:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present monitoring campaign observations at optical and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths for a radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) at z = 0.840, SDSSJ110006.07+442144.3 (hereafter, J1100+4421), which was identified during a flare phase in late 2014 February. The campaigns consist of three intensive observing runs from the discovery to 2015 March, mostly within the scheme of the OISTER collaboration. Optical-NIR light curves and simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are obtained. Our measurements show the strongest brightening in 2015 March. We found that the optical-NIR SEDs of J1100+4421 show an almost steady shape despite the large and rapid intranight variability. This constant SED shape is confirmed to extend to similar to 5 mu m in the observed frame using the archival WISE data. Given the lack of absorption lines and the steep power-law spectrum of alpha(upsilon) similar to -1.4, where f(v) proportional to v(alpha upsilon), synchrotron radiation by a relativistic jet with no or small contributions from the host galaxy and the accretion disk seemsmost plausible as an optical-NIR emission mechanism. The steep optical-NIR spectral shape and the large amplitude of variability are consistent with this object being a low.peak jet-dominated AGN. In addition, sub-arcsecond resolution optical imaging data taken with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam does not show a clear extended component and the spatial scales are significantly smaller than the large extensions detected at radio wavelengths. The optical spectrum of a possible faint companion galaxy does not show any emission lines at the same redshift, and hence a merging hypothesis for this AGN-related activity is not supported by our observations.
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| 4. |
- Radchuk, Viktoriia, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive responses of animals to climate change are most likely insufficient
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological responses to climate change have been widely documented across taxa and regions, but it remains unclear whether species are maintaining a good match between phenotype and environment, i.e. whether observed trait changes are adaptive. Here we reviewed 10,090 abstracts and extracted data from 71 studies reported in 58 relevant publications, to assess quantitatively whether phenotypic trait changes associated with climate change are adaptive in animals. A meta-analysis focussing on birds, the taxon best represented in our dataset, suggests that global warming has not systematically affected morphological traits, but has advanced phenological traits. We demonstrate that these advances are adaptive for some species, but imperfect as evidenced by the observed consistent selection for earlier timing. Application of a theoretical model indicates that the evolutionary load imposed by incomplete adaptive responses to ongoing climate change may already be threatening the persistence of species.
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| 5. |
- Rodriguez-Ezpeleta, Naiara, et al.
(författare)
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Trade-offs between reducing complex terminology and producing accurate interpretations from environmental DNA : Comment on “Environmental DNA: What's behind the term?” by Pawlowski et al., (2020)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 30:19, s. 4601-4605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a recent paper, “Environmental DNA: What's behind the term? Clarifying the terminology and recommendations for its future use in biomonitoring,” Pawlowski et al. argue that the term eDNA should be used to refer to the pool of DNA isolated from environmental samples, as opposed to only extra-organismal DNA from macro-organisms. We agree with this view. However, we are concerned that their proposed two-level terminology specifying sampling environment and targeted taxa is overly simplistic and might hinder rather than improve clear communication about environmental DNA and its use in biomonitoring. This terminology is based on categories that are often difficult to assign and uninformative, and it overlooks a fundamental distinction within eDNA: the type of DNA (organismal or extra-organismal) from which ecological interpretations are derived.
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