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Sökning: WFRF:(Domellöf Erik 1970 )

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1.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Relations Among Upper-Limb Movement Organization and Cognitive Function at School Age in Children Born Preterm
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0196-206X .- 1536-7312. ; 34:5, s. 344-352
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To explore relations between aspects of upper-body spatiotemporal movement organization and intelligence in children born preterm at school age.Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic recordings of arm and head movements during a unimanual precision task were related to performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition, in a sample of 32 children born preterm (gestational age, mean: 31.5 weeks [range: 22-35 weeks]; birth weight, mean: 1699 g [range: 404-2962 g]) at 6 years to 8 years with no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments compared with 40 age-matched control children born fullterm.Results: In the children born preterm, upper-limb movement duration and segmentation of movement trajectories were significantly associated with full-scale intelligence quotient independent of gestational age (GA) and sex. These effects pertained to the preferred side, characterized by more effective movement organization being linked with increased intelligence scores. The same relations were not seen in the controls. Within the children born preterm, a significant effect of GA was also found for some aspects of upper-limb movement organization. Full-scale intelligence quotient was within normal limits for both groups but significantly lower in the preterm (mean: 94.5 [range: 72-120]) compared with the fullterm (mean: 101.7 [range: 76-119]) born children.Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that, independent of GA, the spatiotemporal organization of upper-limb movements is partly associated with cognitive performance in children born preterm.
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  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Risk for Behavioral Problems Independent of Cognitive Functioning in Children Born at Low Gestational Ages
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Pediatrics. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2360. ; 8:311
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study aimed to investigate cognitive and behavioral outcomes in relation to gestational age (GA) in school-aged children born preterm (PT). Results from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were analyzed in 51 children (mean age: 7.8 years [range: 7.0–8.7]) born PT (mean GA: 31 weeks [range: 23–35]; birth weight, mean: 1,637 g [range:404–2,962]) with the majority (96%) having no diagnosed cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments. The control group included 57 age-matched typically developing children (mean age: 7.9 years [range: 6.2–8.7]) born full-term (FT). Children born PT, extremelyPT (GA < 28) in particular, showed significantly lower cognitive performance and higher behavioral problem scores compared with children born FT. GA was found to predict aspects of both cognitive functioning and behavioral problems within the PT group, with lower GA being related to both poorer cognitive outcomes and elevated affective and attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems. Global cognitive functioning did not independently predict aspects of behavioral outcomes. Findings demonstrate that, even in children born PT without severe perinatal and/or postnatal complications and receiving active perinatal care, a short gestation is an evident risk factor for long-term negative effects on mental health independent of cognitive functioning. Additional findings suggest that both reduced growth and lower parental educational level may contribute to increased risk for poorer cognitive and behavioral functioning in children born PT.
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3.
  • Rönnqvist, Louise, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Cognitive performance and behavioral functions in relation to gestational age (GA) at birth
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 57:Suppl s4, s. 21-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction:It is well established that a very preterm birth (PT) relates to increased behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to investigate effects and associations between different gestational ages (GA) at birth (term, late-to-extreme) and later functions. This study is part of an ongoing, longitudinal project.Participants and Methods:Test outcomes from WISC-IV and Achenbach’s Child-Behavior-Checklist (CBCL) in children tested at 7-8-years (M=7.7) were used to investigate group differences as effect of GA at birth. In total, 64 preterm born (PT), GA range 22-36, (divided into groups of 14 extremely-PT/EPT, 17 very-PT/VPT, and 33 moderately PT/MPT) and 64 term born (TB), were included. Additionally, associations between GA, birth weight (BW), and outcomes from WISC-IV and CBCL were investigated.Results:Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) revealed significantly (p < .05) poorer WISC outcomes on Verbal Comprehension Index, Perceptual Reasoning Index, and on Full-Scale-IQ for children born EPT/VPT in comparison to MPT and TB born. Parents’ CBCL ratings reveled that EPT children had significantly higher prevalence of Attention problems, Thought problems, Aggressive and Somatic complaints. Including the PT-group only shown significant positive correlations between GA/BW respectively and full scale IQ. Higher GA/BW was related to increasing IQ scores.  Significant negative correlations were seen between GA/BW respectively and TotProblem/CBCL-scale. Additionally, CBCL/DSM-Oriented Scales; Adhd-, Opposite-, and Conduct-Problems correlated significantly negative with GA/BW in the PT-born children.Conclusion:Our study provides further support for associations between increased risk of cognitive and behavior problems with decreasing GA/BW at birth.
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4.
  • Timby, Niklas, et al. (författare)
  • Neurodevelopment and growth until 6.5 years of infants who consumed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes : a randomized controlled trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Oxford University Press. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 113:3, s. 586-592
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: We previously reported results from a randomized controlled trial in which we found that Swedish infants consuming an experimental low-energy, low-protein formula (EF) supplemented with bovine milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs) until 6 mo of age had several positive outcomes, including better performance in the cognitive domain of Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition at 12 mo of age, and higher plasma cholesterol concentrations during the intervention, than infants consuming standard formula (SF).OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate neurodevelopment, growth, and plasma cholesterol status at 6 and 6.5 y of age in the same study population.METHODS: We assessed cognitive and executive functions using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th Edition (WISC-IV), Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales for Children and Adolescents (Brown-ADD), and Quantified Behavior (Qb) tests, and behavior using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF), at 6.5 y of age. Anthropometrics and plasma lipids were assessed at 6 y of age.RESULTS: There were no differences between the EF and SF groups in any of the subscales in WISC-IV or Brown-ADD at 6.5 y of age, in the proportion of children with scores outside the normal range in the Qb test, nor in clinical or borderline indications of problems in adaptive functioning from parental and teacher's scoring using the CBCL and TRF. There were no differences between the EF and SF groups in weight, length, or head or abdominal circumferences, nor in plasma concentrations of homocysteine, lipids, insulin, or glucose.CONCLUSIONS: Among children who as infants consumed a low-energy, low-protein formula supplemented with bovine MFGMs, there were no effects on neurodevelopment, growth, or plasma cholesterol status 6-6.5 y later.
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5.
  • Walton, Lois, et al. (författare)
  • The Effects of Working Memory Updating Training in Parkinson's Disease : A Feasibility and Single-Subject Study on Cognition, Movement and Functional Brain Response
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In Parkinson's disease (PD), the fronto-striatal network is involved in motor and cognitive symptoms. Working memory (WM) updating training engages this network in healthy populations, as observed by improved cognitive performance and increased striatal BOLD signal. This two-part study aimed to assess the feasibility of WM updating training in PD and measure change in cognition, movement and functional brain response in one individual with PD after WM updating training. A feasibility and single-subject (FL) study were performed in which patients with PD completed computerized WM updating training. The outcome measures were the pre-post changes in criterion and transfer cognitive tests; cognitive complaints; psychological health; movement kinematics; and task-related BOLD signal. Participants in the feasibility study showed improvements on the criterion tests at post-test. FL displayed the largest improvements on the criterion tests and smaller improvements on transfer tests. Furthermore, FL reported improved cognitive performance in everyday life. A shorter onset latency and smoother upper-limb goal-directed movements were measured at post-test, as well as increased activation within the striatum and decreased activation throughout the fronto-parietal WM network. This two-part study demonstrated that WM updating training is feasible to complete for PD patients and that change occurred in FL at post-test in the domains of cognition, movement and functional brain response.
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  • Bäckström, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Action planning in relation to movement performance in 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
  • 2019
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Recent research proposes problems with action planning as part of atypical motor functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although findings are inconsistent. This study investigated relations between action planning and movement performance in 6-year-old children with and without ASD.Patients and methods: 3D kinematic recordings of preferred arm/hand performance on a sequential peg rotation task with varying complexity of goal insertion (four endpoints and either visual or occluded goal display at onset) were conducted in 6 children with ASD (MAge = 6.4) and 6 typically developing (TD) controls (MAge = 6.5).Results: Analyses revealed significant (p < .05) group and task-endpoint differences for movement segmentation (number of movement units, MUs) and 3D movement distance. Children with ASD generally displayed more MUs and longer distances than controls and all children showed increased MUs and movement distance on more complex task-endpoints. TD controls showed significantly shorter movement initiation latency (MIL) durations than ASD in the visual condition and evidently longer MILs in the occluded than visual condition. In contrast, no difference between goal display conditions was shown for the ASD group.Conclusion: Children with ASD generally had longer movement distances and more segmented movements than controls, suggesting less efficient movement performance. Movement performance was not evidently affected by goal display condition in either group. However, the lack of MIL differences between goal display conditions within the ASD group indicates reduced pre-planning, possibly affecting movement execution efficiency.
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  • Bäckström, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Atypical motor planning in an interpersonal context in 9-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: 35th EACD Annual meeting European Academy of Childhood Disability. - : European Academy of Childhood Disability. ; , s. 254-254
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Motor planning deviances may negatively affect interpersonal motor interactions in ASD, although detailed studies are sparse. This study examined motor planning kinematics in an interpersonal and non-interpersonal context in 9-year-old children with ASD and neurotypical peers.Patients and methods: Twelve children with ASD and 17 controls performed two different sequential manual tasks (preferred hand): grasping and placing a peg on a wooden disc (non-interpersonal) or in the hand of an examiner (interpersonal). Three-dimensional kinematic recordings of arm/hand movements were performed. Group and task differences were explored for total movement duration (MD), and for peak velocity (PV) and placement of peak velocity (PPV) during reach-to-grasp and transport-to-place movements, respectively.Results: Task differences were found in terms of longer MD and higher transport-to-place-PV in the disc- compared to hand-task. An interaction effect was evident for reach-to-grasp-PPV, where the control-group, but not ASD, had earlier reach-to-grasp-PPV and longer relative deceleration in the hand-task compared to the disc-task.Conclusion: Results show that the interpersonal context influenced initial reach-to-grasp motor planning in the control-group, but not the ASD-group. Later in the sequential movement (transport-to-place), the interpersonal context seemed to influence motor planning independent of group. Taken together, this indicates support towards a more careful peg-placing in the interpersonal hand-task in the control-group but much less clearly so in the ASD-group.Relevance for users and families: Atypical motor planning may influence motor interaction with peers. Investigations of motor planning and movement organization in ASD could thus inform interventions also targeting interpersonal exchange.
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  • Bäckström, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Motor imagery ability in 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
  • 2020
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Introduction: Knowledge about motor imagery (MI) ability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is limited and inconclusive in young children with ASD. The aim of the current study was to investigate MI ability in 7-year-old children with ASD.Patients and methods: Thirteen children with ASD and 13 typically developing (TD) children performed a computerized hand laterality judgement task (HLJ) and a non-corporeal visual imagery (VI) control task. All participants passing a criterion test performed the tasks with images at 4 different rotational increments to vary the MI biomechanical demands (HLJ task) or VI angle rotational demands (VI task). Response times (RT) and accuracy were extracted.Results: Four children with ASD did not pass the HLJ criterion test and one failed the VI criterion test. The ASD-group had evidently more incorrect responses than TD on both tasks. Analyses of RT showed a biomechanical effect in the MI task and an angle increment effect in the VI task in both groups. Children with ASD had longer RT than TD children on VI but not MI tasks. Conclusion: Findings suggest that both the ASD and control children used MI to solve the HLJ task. However, failures to pass the HLJ criterion test and the increased error rate in the ASD group indicate that MI ability is weaker in young children with autism than TD controls. Notably, a large individual variability in employment of MI within the ASD group was found, ranging from functional, fractional but existing, to absent MI ability. 
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  • Bäckström, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Motor planning and movement execution during goal-directed sequential manual movements in 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder : A kinematic analysis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Research in Developmental Disabilities. - : Elsevier. - 0891-4222 .- 1873-3379. ; 115
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Atypical motor functioning is prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Knowledge of the underlying kinematic properties of these problems is sparse.Aims: To investigate characteristics of manual motor planning and performance difficulties/diversity in children with ASD by detailed kinematic measurements. Further, associations between movement parameters and cognitive functions were explored.Methods and procedures: Six-year-old children with ASD (N = 12) and typically developing (TD) peers (N = 12) performed a sequential manual task comprising grasping and fitting a semi-circular peg into a goal-slot. The goal-slot orientation was manipulated to impose different motor planning constraints. Movements were recorded by an optoelectronic system.Outcomes and results: The ASD-group displayed less efficient motor planning than the TD-group, evident in the reach-to-grasp and transport kinematics and less proactive adjustments of the peg to the goal-slot orientations. The intra-individual variation of movement kinematics was higher in the ASD-group compared to the TD-group. Further, in the ASD-group, movement performance associated negatively with cognitive functions.Conclusions and implications: Planning and execution of sequential manual movements proved challenging for children with ASD, likely contributing to problems in everyday actions. Detailed kinematic investigations contribute to the generation of specific knowledge about the nature of atypical motor performance/diversity in ASD. This is of potential clinical relevance.
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13.
  • Bäckström, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Visuomotor integration in action planning in 7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Specia issue: Abstracts of the 34th annual meeting of the European Academy of Childhood Disability (EACD) Barcelona, Spain 18-21 May 2022. - : Mac Keith Press. ; , s. 65-65
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Difficulties with action planning and visuomotor integration may contribute to atypical motorfunctioning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), although detailed studies of sensorimotorintegration in action planning are sparse. This ongoing study investigates visuomotor integration in actionplanning in 7-year-old children with and without ASD.Patients and methods: A sub-sample of 6 children with ASD and 6 typically developing (TD) controls wereincluded. Recordings of gaze synchronized with 3D kinematic registration were made during performance of amanual sequential peg rotation task with variations in goal insertion complexity. Group differences and relations between movement duration and number of gaze shifts over the sequential movement phases(latency, reach-to-grasp, grasp, and transport-to-fit) were explored.Results: No significant group differences were found for either movement duration or number of gaze shifts.When controlling for the between-participants variance, total number of gaze shifts and number of gaze shiftsin reach-to-grasp were related to movement duration in the initial phases of the movement in the TD-group but not in the ASD-group.Conclusion: The results indicate that, whilst performance measures were similar between groups, the overallpattern of visuomotor integration was related to feed-forward movement processes in the sequentialmovement in the TD-group but not in the ASD-group. This finding adds support to previous suggestions thatvisuomotor integration underpinning action planning may operate differently in ASD. Synchronizedexamination of gaze and detailed movement registration appears as a promising methodology for detailed investigation of visuomotor integration in action planning.
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14.
  • Dahlström, Carolin, et al. (författare)
  • Uni- and bimanual goal-directed arm movement organization in children at 6-9 years : Effects of a preterm birth
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Congress Programme. 1st Clinical Movement Analysis Word Conference. ; , s. 110-110
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION and AIMPsychomotor deficits are more commonly reported among children born preterm (PT) than those born full-term (FT). Further, evidence exists for more covert motor problems in children born preterm at school age [1]. Such findings may be associated with a more immature spatiotemporal model of movements and lower cognitive functioning in children born PT than FT [2]. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gestational age (GA) on uni- and bimanual goal-directed arm movement organization and on cognitive functioning in children at school age.PATIENTS/MATERIALS and METHODSParticipants consisted of 88 children between 6-9 years of age (M = 7.7 years; 40 PT, 19 girls; 48 FT, 22 girls) without known developmental delays or deviations. Children born PT were divided into two subgroups: moderately PT (M-PT), 34-36 weeks’ gestation (GW), and very PT (V-PT), < 34 GW. Movement kinematics were examined during performance of a goal-directed task, where the participants pushed three buttons in a sequential order in two different directions (vertical or horizontal) with either the right or left hand (unimanual) and with both hands simultaneously (bimanual). Movements were recorded by a 6-camera movement registration system (240Hz, ProReflex) and the number of movement units (MUs) was derived from head, shoulders, elbow, and wrist movement velocity profiles. Cognitive function in terms of verbal IQ (VIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ) was measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV).RESULTSOverall, a significant difference between the groups regarding number of MUs and FSIQ was found. In general, children born V-PT showed more MUs compared with the FT and M-PT group. Regardless of group, a significant higher amount of MUs was found in the bimanual condition than in the unimanual, and during horizontal movement performance in comparison with vertical. Furthermore, GA was significant negatively correlated with number of MUs for right and left wrist and right elbow, and also with FSIQ.DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that lower GAs are associated with both more segmented goal-directed arm movements as well as with lower general cognitive ability. During the more demanding tasks, i.e. bimanual and horizontal movements, this association became particularly evident, where the children born V-PT exhibited the greatest difficulties. Thus, this indicate immature spatio-temporal movement organization as a long-lasting effect of risk factors associated with a preterm birth, specifically for children born V-PT, that may be related to lower cognitive function. Further, limitations in kinematic degrees of freedom, leading to restricted amounts of solutions when solving a motor task, may also partly explain these findings.REFERENCES[1] Bracewell, M. & Marlow, N. (2002). Patterns of motor disability in very preterm children. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 8(4), 241-248.[2] Domellöf, E., Johansson, A-M., Farooqi, A., Domellöf M. & Rönnqvist, L. (2013). Relations among upper-limb movement organization and cognitive function at school age in children born preterm. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 34(5), 344-352.
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  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Atypical functional lateralization in children with fetal alcohol syndrome
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - : Wiley Periodicals, Inc. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 51:8, s. 696-705
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In order to explore effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on functional lateralization, item tasks measuring preferences of hand, foot, eye, and ear were administered to a sample of 23 children diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) compared with typically developing (TD) children. In addition, a dichotic listening task was administered to a subsample of 11 children with FAS and a TD group of comparable age, sex and handedness. The children with FAS were characterized by increased nonright-handedness compared with TD children. No differences were evident for preferential use of foot, eye, or ear. Moreover, children with FAS displayed more right ear extinctions during dichotic listening relative to TD children, indicating a lack of right ear advantage. The results add to findings of decreased manual asymmetry and less left-lateralized speech perception in children with developmental disorders, and are further discussed in relation to the high incidence of callosal abnormalities in alcohol-exposed children.
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  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Brain activations during execution and observation of visually guided sequential manual movements in autism and in typical development : A study protocol
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Motor issues are frequently observed accompanying core deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Impaired motor behavior has also been linked to cognitive and social abnormalities, and problems with predictive ability have been suggested to play an important, possibly shared, part across all these domains. Brain imaging of sensory-motor behavior is a promising method for characterizing the neurobiological foundation for this proposed key trait. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) developmental study, involving children/youth with ASD, typically developing (TD) children/youth, and neurotypical adults, will investigate brain activations during execution and observation of a visually guided, goal-directed sequential (two-step) manual task. Neural processing related to both execution and observation of the task, as well as activation patterns during the preparation stage before execution/observation will be investigated. Main regions of interest include frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortical areas, the human mirror neuron system (MNS), and the cerebellum.
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  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Brain activations during execution and observation of visually guided sequential manual movements in autism and in typical development: A study protocol
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Motor issues are frequently observed accompanying core deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Impaired motor behavior has also been linked to cognitive and social abnormalities, and problems with predictive ability have been suggested to play an important, possibly shared, part across all these domains. Brain imaging of sensory-motor behavior is a promising method for characterizing the neurobiological foundation for this proposed key trait. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) developmental study, involving children/youth with ASD, typically developing (TD) children/youth, and neurotypical adults, will investigate brain activations during execution and observation of a visually guided, goal-directed sequential (two-step) manual task. Neural processing related to both execution and observation of the task, as well as activation patterns during the preparation stage before execution/observation will be investigated. Main regions of interest include frontoparietal and occipitotemporal cortical areas, the human mirror neuron system (MNS), and the cerebellum.
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  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970- (författare)
  • Development of functional asymmetries in young infants : A sensory-motor approach
  • 2006
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Human functional laterality, typically involving a right-sided preference in most sensory-motor activities, is still a poorly understood issue. This is perhaps particularly true in terms of what underlying mechanisms that may govern lateral biases, as well as the developmental origins and course of events. The present thesis aims at investigating functional asymmetries in the upper and lower body movements of young human infants. In Study I, the presence of side biases in the stepping and placing responses and head turning in healthy fullterm newborns were explored. No evident lateral bias for the leg responses in terms of the first foot moved or direction of head turning was found. However, a lateral bias was revealed for onset latency in relation to the first foot moved in both stepping and placing. Asymmetries in head turning did not correspond to asymmetries in leg movements. In Study II, functional asymmetries in the stepping response of newborn infants were investigated in more detail by means of 3-D kinematic movement registration. Evident side differences were found in relation to smoother movement trajectories of the right leg by means of less movement segmentation compared to the left leg. Side differences were also found in relation to intralimb coordination in terms of stronger ankle-knee couplings and smaller phase shifts in the right leg than the left. In Study III, using the same movement registration technique, the kinematics of left and right arm movements during goal-directed reaching in infants were prospectively studied over the ages 6, 9, 12, and 36 months. Main findings included side differences and developmental trends related to the segmentation of the reaching movements and the reaching trajectory, as well as the distribution of arm-hand-use frequency. The results from Study I and II are discussed in relation to underlying neural mechanisms for lateral biases in leg movements and the important role of a thorough methodology in investigating newborn responses. Findings from Study III are discussed in terms of what they imply about the developmental origins for hand preference. An emphasis is also put on developmental differences between fullterm and preterm infants. Overall, the studies of the present thesis show that an increased understanding of subtle expressions of early functional asymmetries in the upper and lower body movements of young infants may be gained by means of refined measurements. Furthermore, such knowledge may provide an insight into the underlying neural mechanisms subserving asymmetries in the movements of young infants. The present studies also add new information to the current understanding of the development of human lateralized functions, in particular the findings derived from the longitudinal data. Apart from theoretical implications, the present thesis also involves a discussion with regard to the clinical relevance of investigating functional asymmetries in the movements of young infants.
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  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Functional asymmetries in the stepping response of the human newborn : a kinematic approach
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 177:3, s. 324-335
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In order to investigate subtle expressions of functional asymmetries in newborn leg movements, kinematic registrations were made on a sample of 40 healthy fullterm newborn infants during performance of the stepping response. Time–position data were collected from markers attached to the hip, knee and ankle joints of the left and right leg, and movements of both legs recorded simultaneously. Findings included evident side differences in terms of smoother trajectories of the right leg as a consequence of less movement segmentation compared to the left leg. Additionally, analyses of intralimb coordination revealed side differences with regard to stronger ankle–knee couplings and smaller phase shifts in the right leg. The findings suggest that asymmetries in newborn stepping responses are present in terms of spatio-temporal parameters and intralimb coordination. No evidence of a lateral preference in terms of frequency of the first foot moved was found. The present study adds new understanding to the lateralized attributes of the stepping response in the human newborn and as such points to new directions of research on the nature of laterality in the future.
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  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Goal-directed arm movements in children with fetal alcohol syndrome : a kinematic approach
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 18:2, s. 312-320
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Although many studies have documented deficits in general motor functioning in children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), few have employed detailed measurements to explore the specific nature of such disabilities. This pilot study explores whether three-dimensional (3D) kinematic analysis may generate increased knowledge of the effect of intrauterine alcohol exposure on motor control processes by detecting atypical upper-limb movement pattern specificity in children with FAS relative to typically developing (TD) children.  Methods: Left and right arm and head movements during a sequential unimanual goal-directed precision task in a sample of children with FAS and in TD children were registered by an optoelectronic tracking system (ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.).  Results: Children with FAS demonstrated evidently poorer task performance compared with TD children. Additionally, analyses of arm movement kinematics revealed atypical spatio-temporal organization in the children with FAS. In general, they exhibited longer arm movement trajectories at both the proximal and distal level, faster velocities at the proximal level but slower at the distal level, and more segmented distal movements. Children with FAS also showed atypically augmented and fast head movements during the task performance.  Conclusions: Findings indicate neuromotor deficits and developmental delay in goaldirected arm movements because of prenatal alcohol exposure. It is suggested that 3D kinematic analysis is a valid technique for furthering the understanding of motor control processes in children with FAS/fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. A combination with relevant neuroimaging techniques in future studies would enable a more clear-cut interpretation of how atypical movement patterns relate to underlying brain abnormalities.
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  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Handedness in preterm born children : a systematic review and a meta-analysis
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - : Elsevier. - 0028-3932 .- 1873-3514. ; 49:9, s. 2299-2310
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It has been proposed that left and/or non-right handedness (NRH) is over-represented in children with a history of preterm birth because such births are associated with a greater incidence of insult to the brain. We report an approximate two-fold increase in left and/or non-right handedness based on a systematic search of the literature from 1980 to September 2010 for English-language articles reporting handedness status in preterm children compared with fullterm controls either as a main focus of the study or as a secondary finding. In total, thirty articles met the inclusion criteria. However, there was a great variation between the included studies in terms of objectives, population characteristics, sample size and methodologies used. While the majority of studies reported a higher incidence of NRH in preterm than fullterm children, this was not a consistent finding. A quality assessment was made to explore the differences in overall study quality and handedness assessment methodology between studies. A random-effects model meta-analysis was then performed to estimate the accumulated effect of preterm birth on handedness (18 studies; 1947 cases and 8170 controls). Preterm children displayed a significantly higher occurrence of NRH than fullterm children (odds ratio [OR]: 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59–2.78). Sources of heterogeneity were investigated by supplementary meta-analyses considering studies with high or low overall and handedness assessment quality. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test of the intercept and Duvall and Tweedie’s trim-and-fill method. The outcomes of these procedures did not jeopardize the overall finding of reliably increased OR for NRH in preterm children. The present review suggests that a preterm birth is indeed associated with a greater than two-fold likelihood of NRH. Several studies also explored the relationship between handedness and neuropsychological functioning (cognition mainly) with an array of methods. Although not without disagreement, this association was found to be concordant. Studying handedness in preterm children, therefore, is a potentially important index of hemispheric organization and cognitive and sensory–motor functions following neurodevelopmental disturbance.
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25.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Impairment severity selectively affects the control of proximaland distal components of reaching movements in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Mac Keith Press. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 51:10, s. 807-816
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study explored proximal-to-distal components during goal-directed reaching movements in children with mild or moderate hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP); [seven females, fourmales;mean age 8y 6mo; SD 27mo], compared with age-matched, typically developing children (seven females, fivemales; mean age 8y 3mo [SD 25mo]. Severity of HCP was assessed following the approach of Claeys et al. Optoelectronic registrations were made during unimanual reaching-to-grasp and reaching-to-hit movements with both the affected non-preferred and unaffected with HCP, particularly those withmoderate impairment, displayed less optimal spatiotemporal organization of movements performed with the affected arm. Compared with the goal to hit, and increasingly with more severe impairment, children with HCP adapted to the goal to grasp by recruiting augmented shoulder movements when reaching with the affected side. A resulting impact on distal kinematics was found in shorter, straighter, and less segmentedmovement paths. Thus, depending on severity of hemispheric lesions and task complexity, unilateral brain injuries in HCPmay selectively affect neural pathways underlying both proximal and distal arm movement control. Levels of both ipsi- and  ontralateral activation in relation to side and lesion severity should be considered in future studies on prehension movements in HCP.
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26.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Kinematic measurement of goal-directed arm movements in children with fetal alcohol syndrome : A preliminary study
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 50 (Suppl. 114), Kroatien 5-7 juni, 2008. - : Wiley Online Library. ; , s. 31-32
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Inadequate nutritional status can lead to several preventable developmental disorders. Populations living at high altitude are particularly at risk. Our aim is to contribute to the general knowledge of nutritional status of children in Ladakh.Method: Review of the literature concerning nutritional status in micronutrients, especially among children living in the Himalayan regions.Results: Iodine deficiency is the most common cause in the world of preventable learning disability*. Although the extension of severe endemic areas has been reduced, it is estimated that around 200 million people in the world are still living in remote places at risk of severe iodine deficiency. A recent survey in the ‘sub-Himalayan goiter belt’ indicates that iodine deficiency continues to threaten the health of this population.Studies in the Kashmir Valley found that, despite abundant sunlight, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a well-known cause of child morbidity and mortality and of visual defect. In India, 52,000 children go blind every year on account of VAD, and vitamin A supplementation programs are ongoing. VAD and iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) often coexist in vulnerable groups. In Africa it was shown that in IDD- and VAD-affected children receiving iodized salt and concurrent vitamin A supplementation improves iodine efficacy. In the Tibet Autonomous Region the nutritional status of children is deficient in proteins, iodine, selenium, calcium, and vitamins A and D. Interaction between iron and VAD is well known as well.Conclusions: To our knowledge, data concerning nutritional status of children living in Ladakh are lacking. Micronutrient deficiency is a public health concern that has lead to supplementation programmes. As interactions between several micronutrients have been evidenced, more integrated, multifaceted programmes are needed. Despite significant progress in many regions, continuing efforts are needed to reach underserved populations.
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27.
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28.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Prefrontal engagement during sequential manual actions in children at early adolescence compared with adults
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 211
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In everyday behavior, we perform numerous goal-directed manual tasks that contain a sequence of actions. However, knowledge is limited regarding developmental aspects of predictive control mechanisms in such tasks, particularly with regard to brain activations supporting sequential manual actions in children. We investigated these issues in typically developing children at early adolescence (11–14 years) compared with previously collected data from adults. While lying in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, the participants steered a cursor on a computer screen towards sequentially presented targets using a hand-held manipulandum. The next target was either revealed after completion of the ongoing target (one-target condition), in which case forthcoming movements could not be planned ahead, or displayed in advance (two-target condition), which allowed the use of a predictive control strategy. The adults completed more targets in the two- than one-target condition, displaying an efficient predictive control strategy. The children, in contrast, completed fewer targets in the two- than one-target condition, and difficulties implementing a predictive strategy were found due to a limited capacity to inhibit premature movements. Brain areas with increased activation in children, compared with the adults, included prefrontal and posterior parietal regions, suggesting an increased demand for higher-level cognitive processing in the children due to inhibitory challenges. Thus, regarding predictive mechanisms during sequential manual tasks, crucial development likely occurs beyond early adolescence. This is at a later age than what has previously been reported from other manual tasks, suggesting that predictive phase transitions are difficult to master.
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29.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Relations between cognitive performance and movement organization in preterm children at 6 to 8 years old
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 53 (Suppl. s3). - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0012-1622. ; , s. 45-45
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: To explore the relations between cognitive performance and spatio-temporal organization of upper-body movements in preterm children at school age compared with full-term peers.Background: Neuromotor disabilities and lowered cognitive performance are frequently reported in school-aged preterm children. A few studies have also reported associations between intelligence and motor skill outcomes in this population as assessed by standardized test batteries. At present, however, there is no knowledge of how measures of intelligence relate to more refined measurements of movement quality in preterm children.Design/Method: In the present study, performance on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC-IV) was related to optoelectronic registrations (ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.) of arm movement performance during a unimanual precision task in a sample of preterm children at 6 to 8 years (n=31) compared with typically developing full-term children (n=36).Results: A significant group effect was revealed for Fullscale IQ, indicating poorer overall performance on the WISC-IV by preterm (mean 95.1) than full-term (mean 103.5) participants. The same pattern was apparent for both the Verbal and Performance indexes and the majority of the sub-tests. Correlation analyses were performed to test the associations between cognitive performance and spatiotemporal movement parameters. Several findings emerged from this procedure and will be presented, including significant relations between Full-scale IQ and movement segmentation at both the proximal and distal level in preterm but not full-term participants.Conclusions: Measures of WISC-IV appear significantly associated with kinematic outcome measures in schoolaged preterm children in terms of better cognitive performance being linked with better movement organization. The same associations were not seen in the age- and sexmatched full-term group. This type of investigation adds to the understanding of relations between cognitive and motor performance in the context of movement organization, coordination, and control depending on birth history.
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30.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970- (författare)
  • Stepping, placing and headturning biases in newborn infants : A neurodevelopmental perspective
  • 2004
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the present thesis the stepping, placing and head turning responses in healthy humanfullterm newborns are investigated. The main focus is put on a study of these newbornresponses in relation to functional asymmetries, while at the same time exploring anddiscussing different factors that possibly can affect the outcome of such studies. Study I aims to examine one such factor in relation to underlying mechanisms controlling leg movements in focusing on the effects of glucose on newborn stepping and placing responses. The results revealed that glucose, as well as an inactive state, resulted in less pronounced stepping responses and difficulties in eliciting them. There was also a tendency towards a similar finding for placing in that both glucose and an inactive state were associated with a less vigorous placing response, although this could not be proved significant. However, there was no effect of glucose on expressions of laterality in either ofthe responses studied. A theoretical debate in progress concerns whether different newborn functional asymmetries can be said representing a single neural system for lateralization or multiple sub-systems rooted in different neural mechanisms (Grattan, De Vos, Levy, & McClintock, 1992). In order to look closer at this issue in relation to newborn head- and leg preferences, Study II was designed to investigate the presence of side biases in newbornstepping and placing responses (lower-body), together with head turning preference (upperbody), and whether observed lateral biases of the upper- and lower body are congruent with each other. No evident lateral bias could be found for either response in terms of the first foot moved or direction of head turning. Furthermore, asymmetries in head turning did not correspond to asymmetries in leg movements, in support for multiple sub-systemsrather than a single lateralized system. However, a lateral bias was found for onset latency in relation to the first foot moved in both stepping and placing. The findings are discussed in relation to underlying neural mechanisms for lateral biases in leg movements and the important role of a thorough methodology in investigating newborn responses.
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31.
  • Domellöf, Erik, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Upper and lower body functional asymmetries in the newborn : do they have the same lateral biases?
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Developmental Psychobiology. - New York : Wiley. - 0012-1630 .- 1098-2302. ; 46:2, s. 133-140
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • It is still an open question as to whether functional asymmetries in the human newborn derive from a single lateralized system or multiple subsystems based on different neural mechanisms. In the present study, asymmetries in head turning were compared to those in leg movements during stepping and placing, with the latter also being related to differences in leg mass. The effects of an active versus an inactive state or condition were examined for all three behaviors. No overall lateral biases were found for head turning or for the first foot to move in stepping and placing, and there were no concordances among them; however, there was an asymmetry in that the left foot had a shorter onset latency when compared to the right foot for both stepping and placing. Findings are discussed in terms of what they imply about underlying neural systems that have a bearing on expressions of newborn laterality, and also with regard to the impact of methodological differences in this area of study.
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32.
  • Egorova, Olga, et al. (författare)
  • Maternal blood folate status during early pregnancy and occurrence of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a study of 62 serum biomarkers
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Molecular Autism. - : BioMed Central. - 2040-2392. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) evolves from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors during prenatal development. Since identifying maternal biomarkers associated with ASD risk in offspring during early pregnancy might result in new strategies for intervention, we investigated maternal metabolic biomarkers in relation to occurrence of ASD in offspring using both univariate logistic regression and multivariate network analysis.Methods: Serum samples from 100 women with an offspring diagnosed with ASD and 100 matched control women with typically developing offspring were collected at week 14 of pregnancy. Concentrations of 62 metabolic biomarkers were determined, including amino acids, vitamins (A, B, D, E, and K), and biomarkers related to folate (vitamin B9) metabolism, lifestyle factors, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP), the kynurenine-tryptophan ratio (KTR), and neopterin as markers of inflammation and immune activation.Results: We found weak evidence for a positive association between higher maternal serum concentrations of folate and increased occurrence of ASD (OR per 1 SD increase: 1.70, 95% CI 1.22–2.37, FDR adjusted P = 0.07). Multivariate network analysis confirmed expected internal biochemical relations between the biomarkers. Neither inflammation markers nor vitamin D3 levels, all hypothesized to be involved in ASD etiology, displayed associations with ASD occurrence in the offspring.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high maternal serum folate status during early pregnancy may be associated with the occurrence of ASD in offspring. No inference about physiological mechanisms behind this observation can be made at the present time because blood folate levels may have complex relations with nutritional intake, the cellular folate status and status of other B-vitamins. Therefore, further investigations, which may clarify the potential role and mechanisms of maternal blood folate status in ASD risk and the interplay with other potential risk factors, in larger materials are warranted.
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33.
  • Fagard, Jacqueline, et al. (författare)
  • The role of the corpus callosum in the perception of reversible figures in children
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Vision Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-6989 .- 1878-5646. ; 48, s. 2451-2455
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To test the role of interhemispheric competition through the corpus callosum in the perceptual alternation of reversible figures, we compared children with callosal pathology and typically developing children on a bistable stimulus task. The children with corpus callosum pathology reported significantly less changes of percepts per minute than the age-matched typically developing children. In addition, older typically developing children reported significantly more changes of percepts than the younger ones. These results support the hypothesis that the rate of reversal between two interpretations of a bistable stimulus may be partly mediated by the corpus callosum.
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34.
  • Ferronato, Priscilla A. M., et al. (författare)
  • Early influence of auditory stimuli on upper-limb movements in young human infants : an overview
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Progressive Frontiers Press. - 1664-1078. ; 5:1043
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Given that the auditory system is rather well developed at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy, it is likely that couplings between acoustics and motor activity can be integrated as early as at the beginning of postnatal life. The aim of the present mini-review was to summarize and discuss studies on earlyauditory-motor integration, focusing particularly on upper-limb movements (one of the most crucial means to interact with the environment) in association with auditory stimuli, to develop further understanding of their significance with regard to early infant development. Many studies have investigated the relationship between various infant behaviors (e.g., sucking, visual fixation,head turning) and auditory stimuli, and established that human infants can beobserved displaying couplings between action and environmental sensory stimulation already from just after birth, clearly indicating a propensity forintentional behavior. Surprisingly few studies, however, have investigated the associations between upper-limb movements and different auditory stimuli in newborns and young infants, infants born at risk for developmental disorders/delays in particular. Findings from studies of early auditory-motor interaction support that the developing integration of sensory and motor systems is a fundamental part of the process guiding the development of goal-directed action in infancy, of great importance for continued motor, perceptual, and cognitive development. At-risk infants (e.g., those bornpreterm) may display increasing central auditory processing disorders,negatively affecting early sensory-motor integration, and resulting inlong-term consequences on gesturing, language development, and social communication. Consequently, there is a need for more studies on such implications.
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35.
  • Johansson, A.M., et al. (författare)
  • Action preparation, performance and motor imagery in children with autism spectrum disorder
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 63:S2, s. 39-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Motor anomalies are frequent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Effective and efficient motor acts rely on the formation of motor plans that serve as predictive models or blue-prints of upcoming actions. We studied movement initiation latencies (MILs) and movement durations in a peg-rotation (PR) task and response times (RT) in a motor imagery (MI) task in children with ASD.Patients and Methods: Thirteen 7–8 year-old children with ASD (4 girls) and 17 typically developing (TD) children (9 girls) participated. MILs and PR task duration, extracted from 3D kinematic recordings, and RTs on a MI task (hand laterality judgement task) was compared between children with ASD and TD. The PR-task varied in constraints and the possibility to pre-plan actions was experimentally controlled.Results: Nine of the ASD children passed the MI task showing biomechanical constraints effect but the error rate was however higher than in TD. The MILs on the PR-task were shorter when pre-planning was possible, indicating a time cost for movement planning. This cost was highest for the children who failed the MI task, specifically for the PR-task with the highest constraint where task durations also were the highest. Overall, TD children had shorter PR-task durations than ASD.Conclusion: MI ability was highly varied for the ASD children. Interestingly, the children with ASD failing the MI task showed the greatest increase in MILs in relation to task difficulty indicative of pre-planning. They also had increased task durations, specifically for the most difficult condition, suggestive of poorer on-line control.
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36.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between motor skills, cognitive function and birth immaturitly in school-aged children born preterm
  • 2013
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: Within the framework of an ongoing longitudinal study, relations between motor skills and cognitive function in 7-8-year-old preterm born children were investigated.BACKGROUND: Motor and cognitive problems have been suggested to be the two major sequalea of a preterm birth. Global and selective deficit of neuromotor and executive functions have been found within this group of children at school age. However, few studies haveinvestigated the associations between motor skills andcognitive function in relation toweeks of gestation (GW) and birth weight (BW).DESIGN/METHOD: Children (n = 18) born between 25-34 GW performed the Movement-ABC 2 (M-ABC 2) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (WISC-IV). Scaled scores from M-ABC 2 (hand function, ball handling skills, static- and dynamic balance, total score) were correlated with indexes derived from the WISC-IV (verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed, full scale intelligence quotient [FSIQ]), GW and BW.RESULTS: The majority of children had mild to moderate general motor impairments (n = 10) where hand function was most affected (n = 15). FSIQ was somewhat below the norm (M = 95) where working memory (WM) was most impaired (M = 87). Further, associations between motor skills (apart from balance) and processing speed was shown, FSIQ was related to GW, and BW to WM, perceptual reasoning and FSIQ. Most of the associations remained even when excluding two children with a diagnosis of hemiplegic cerebral palsy.CONCLUSIONS: No direct relationships between GW/BW and motor skills were shown. However, the associations found suggest that cognitive function may be a mediating factor between birth status and motor skills. Other analytical methods requiring larger study samples are needed to verify such causality.
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37.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Development of motor imagery in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder : a longitudinal study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Brain Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3425. ; 12:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a diagnosis based on social communication deficits and prevalence of repetitive stereotyped behaviors, but sensorimotor disturbances are commonly exhibited. This longitudinal study aimed at exploring the development of the ability to form mental motor representations (motor imagery; MI) in 14 children with ASD and 17 typically developing (TD) children at 7, 8 and 9 years of age. MI was investigated using a hand laterality paradigm from which response times (RT) and error rates were extracted and compared with performance on a visually based mental rotation task (VI). A criterion task was used to ensure that the children could perform the task. The results showed wide performance variability in the ASD group with more failures than TD in the MI criterion task, especially at 7 years. For all age levels and both the MI and VI tasks, the error rates were significantly higher and RTs longer for the ASD group compared with TD. Signs of MI strategies were however noted in the ASD group as biomechanically constrained orientations had longer RTs than less constrained orientations, a RT pattern that differed from the VI task. The presence of MI in the ASD group was most evident at 9 years, but the error rates remained high at all ages, both in the MI and VI task. In comparison, the TD group showed stable MI strategies at all ages. These findings indicate that MI ability is delayed and/or impaired in children with ASD which may be related to difficulties performing required mental rotations.
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38.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Short- and long-term effects of timing training in young people with cerebral palsy : a kinematic approach
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 52 (Suppl. 4) Brussles, Belgium May 27-29, 2010. - : Wiley Online library. ; , s. 23-24
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Interactive Metronomea (IM) is a multi-modal integration training method based on rhythmic activation of movements in synchronization with a tone where error feedback is provided via auditory and visual cues. However, there is a need for detailed evaluations of this method to verify functional improvements inCP.Here we explored individual effects of IM in five young individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) of different severity. IM training consisted of a 4-week (12 sessions) individually customised program including bilateral and unilateral movements of upper- and lower-extremities. To establish short- and long-term effects, goal-directed upper-limb movements were examined by using a six optoelectronic camera system (240Hz, ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.) at three time points, before and at two following occasions (post-test I; post-test II) after IM training. At post-test I, timing ability was improved in the majority of participants. Kinematic analyses revealed shorter total task durations for all but one individual. Reduced segmentation ofmovements and increased velocity, especially on the more distal parts of the upper extremities, were also observed. No effects were evident on cumulative distance, primarily indicating training effects on temporal movement properties. At post-test II, 6 months after post-test I, most of the participantsmaintained their improved timing ability. The observed changes in kinematic properties suggests that timing training is promising for improving motor control in young individuals with CP. Further studies involving larger samples are required to corroborate and extend the present findings, particularly regarding the neural mechanisms involved in mediating motor improvements following IMtraining.
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39.
  • Johansson, Anna-Maria, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • Spatio-temporal aspects of upper-limb goal-directed movements and relations to perinatal factors in preterm 4-year-old children
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Abstracts of the Europeans Academy of Childhood Disability. - : Wiley-Blackwell. ; , s. 37-37
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: This ongoing quasi-longitudinal study is aimed at the investigation of spatio-temporal properties of goaldirected upper limb movements in 4-year-old children born preterm, compared to age- and sex-matched children born at term. Further, relations between movement quality, in terms of coordination and control, and perinatal factors are of interest.Background: Several studies have shown substantial and persistent motor dysfunction in children born preterm, with no known neurological impairment, at school age. Few studies have, however, investigated parameters related to movement control and coordination and their possible perinatal associations with detailed measurement methods in children at 4 years of age.Design/Method: Performances with the left and right armhand during a unimanual continuous sequential precision task were registered by a 6-camera optoelectronic tracking system (240 Hz, ProReflex, Qualisys Inc.). Information with regard to spatial and temporal parameters of the movement trajectories was extracted.Results: Preliminary results from analyses of kinematic data show longer duration and more spatio-temporal segmentations of the movement trajectory in the preterm group compared to their peers. Analyses of associations between kinematic outcome data and perinatal factors will further be investigated.Conclusions: These results indicate that the 4-year-old children born preterm, as compared to term born controls, have affected neuromotor function as indicated by kinematic properties related to coordination and control. Further analyses will reveal whether these findings are associated with specific perinatal factors.
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40.
  • Jonsson, Bert, 1961-, et al. (författare)
  • Prospective head tracking : head movements, accuracy and timing in relation to a circular object motion
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Current Psychology Letters. - : Centre PsyCLE. - 1379-6100. ; 25:1, s. 1-15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this study, kinematic and video recordings were made of the eye- and head tracking of an object revolving in a vertical plane in two groups of infants (6- and 12-month-old) and one group of adults. The study had two purposes. The first concerned infants' abilities to negotiate the target trajectory when being forced to extensively recruit the head. The second addressed the question whether the same underlying neural controller drives both eye- and head motor systems. It was found that head tracking ability is functional already in 6-month-old infants. However, infants of both age groups displayed more extensive head movements and less accuracy compared to adults. This finding is in line with previous research on one-dimensional horizontal head tracking in infants. Infants also showed less developed timing between head movements and vertical object motion, supporting the argument that both eye- and head tracking have a common developmental trajectory.
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41.
  • Rönnqvist, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Associations between brain volumes, myelin and upper-limb kinematics in children born preterm
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 61:S2, s. 53-54
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Long-term outcomes linked to preterm (PT) births have generally found an increased amount of neuromotor-developmental delays and/or disabilities. Few studies have addressed how upper-limb kinematics associates with brain volumes and myelination. This study aimed to investigate such possible relationships within children born PT compared with term-born controls at early school age, in relation to gestational age (GA) and birth-weight (BW).Material and methods: This sub-study, part of a multidisciplinary project exploring long-term effects of PT births, included 27 children (Mean age= 8.2y) born PT (Mean GA= 32-weeks, range 22-35), and 33 age-matched born term. Kinematics of task-specific head and bi-/uni-manual upper-limb-movements was measured by a 3D-registration system (ProReflex). Brain volumes and myelin content were investigated by a 3-Tesla, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scanner with a 7-min Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) acquisition-sequence.Results: Significantly (p < .05) less efficient upper-limb kinematics with more segmented and longer movement paths was found in PT-born compared with term-born, particularly evident for those extremely-/very PT-born (<32 GA). Smaller total brain volumes and regional white-matter reduction with less myelin were significantly correlated with more segmented and longer arm- and head-trajectories, and with lower GA and BW.Discussion-conclusion: The present findings show that an extremely- and very-PT-birth may cause long-term effects on neuromotor-mechanisms involved in goal-directed movements and that these effects are associated with generally delayed brain development and myelination. Additionally, SyMRI stands out as a suitable and cost-effective method for longitudinal/follow-up of brain development and changes, reducing distress in children due to a decreased scan time.
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42.
  • Rönnqvist, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Corpus callosum white matter microstructures links to cognitive performance and functional laterality in preterm and term born children
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 64:S3, s. 46-46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Knowledge is lacking concerning long-term influences of preterm birth on action-cognition integrations related to corpus callosum (CC) maturation/myelination. Here, we investigate long-term-effects of preterm-birth on CC microstructures/organization in relation to cognition and functional-laterality.Patients and methods: The sample included 82 children, 41 term-born (M-age=8.1y), and 41 preterm-born (M-age=8.2y); subdivided into V-PT, (GA=25–32w, N=23), and M-PT, (GA=33–35w, N=18), without major brain-deficits. DTI performed in 3T-MRI-scanners, generated maps of CC Genu, Truncus, Splenium (FA, MD, AD, RD-values). Results from WISC-IV (verbal-comprehension-VCI, perceptual-reasoning-PRI, working-memory-WM, processing-speed-PS, FSIQ), and Laterality-index (hand-, foot-, eye-preference) were analyzed related to DTI-outcomes.Results: Significant group difference found regarding CC-FA-values (F(2,79)=5,3527, p=.006), post-hoc-test showed that VPT differed from term (p=.015) and MPT-born (p=.016), by lower FA-Genu, Truncus, Splenium. This pattern also found for MD, RD, and AD-values. Positive-correlations (p<.01) found between GA and all CC-FA-values, and negatively for all MD, RD and AD-Splenium. VPT-born showed lower (p=.005) FSIQ (M=93) than term (M=103). Correlations (p<.05) found between WM and CC-FA-values in Genu for VPT-born, and between CC-FA-values in Genu, Truncus and PRI-index (p<.01) for term-born. VPT-born showed lower Hand- and overall-laterality-index than term and MPT, and no significant correlations between laterality-index and CC-values. Term and MPT-children showed positive correlations (p<.01) between decreasing overall-laterality-index and FA-values, and negative for MD-Splenum, RD-Splenium and RD-Truncus. Conclusion: DTI revealed evidence for long-term impact of very-premature birth on CC related to atypical hemispheric maturation and behavioral integrations compared to term-born controls. The findings highlight importance of including functional-laterality to models investigating brain white-matter-microstructures.
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43.
  • Rönnqvist, Louise, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Kinematic analysis of sequential goal-directed movements in at-risk, preterm born children
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: 22nd Annual Meeting of European Society for Movement Analysis in Adult and Children (ESMAC). - Glasgow, Scotland. ; , s. 53-
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION and AIM: The aim of this study was to conduct kinematic analyses of sequential upper-limb movements in order to isolate different kinematic parameters that might explain the sensory-motor-functional deficits and delays commonly observed in children born preterm (PT). Quantitative analyses of reaching movements in PT infants [1] have revealed some promising results in characterizing the influence of a premature birth on movement control. Also, recent findings from studies using kinematic measurements on children with mild and moderate hemiplegic cerebral palsy [2, 3] show that kinematic measurements are valuable for making distinctions between even minor movement coordination problems and for identification of sensory-motor impairments. Nevertheless, there is still limited knowledge of how a preterm birth may effect long-term neuromotor development and few have investigated such effects by means of kinematics. PATIENTS/MATERIALS and METHODS: This kinematic study is part of a more comprehensive, longitudinal project with the goal of exploring the relationship between brain development/deviation and sensory-motor performance in children born PT. Participants consist of 148 children aged between 4–8 years; sixty-eight PT (<35 weeks’ gestation age (GA), range, 22-35, M = 31.7, SD = 3.4; 30 girls) with no diagnosed impairments, and eighty age matched children born full-term (FT) without medical problems (M age at testing = 6.7, SD = 1.8; 36 girls). The children performed goal-directed unimanual upper-limb task with respective hand, where small beads were picked by use of pincer-grip and threaded onto a rod sequentially. The children were informed to pick and thread as many beads as possible, one bead at the time, during a pre-set recording time of 30 seconds. The upper-limb movements were recorded by a six camera optoelectronic system (ProReflex, Qualisys Inc., Gothenburg, Sweden). The 3D data (extracted from head-, shoulder-, elbow- and wrist-markers) were further analysed by use of customized MATLAB scripts. To analyse possible effect of GA the PT children were divided into two sub-groups: moderately preterm (M-PT) = GA 33-35, n = 35 and very preterm (V-PT) = GA <32+6, n = 30. RESULTS: The kinematic outcomes analysed by MANOVAs, with side (preferred/ non-preferred) and group (FT, M-PT and V-PT) as categorical predictors, indicating significant group differences in most of the kinematic parameters investigated (e.g., movement duration, 3D distance and segmentation). Differences were mainly evident in the group classified as V-PT compared with M-PT and FT children. Significant correlations between children’s testing age and their kinematic outcomes were also shown within all groups (FT, M-PT and V-PT). These relations were characterized by decreased movement duration, 3D distance and movement segmentation with age. DISCUSSION and CONCLUSIONS: Investigating kinematic outcome parameters of upper-limb goal-directed movements confirms that a PT birth, especially a very PT birth, seems to have a long-term effect on children’s motor functions. In the present study, this was shown by means of less proficient spatiotemporal organization during sequentially performed goal-directed movements in the children born PT in comparison to the FT children. In conclusion, the kinematic movement registrations/analysis offers a reliable, non-invasive method to detect even subtle neuromotor developmental delay and/or abnormality. Thus, the method provides a unique possibility to investigate a number of crucial issues in relation to cerebral abnormalities and sensory-motor development in at-risk children.REFERENCES[1] Fallang, B., Saugstad, O. D., Grogaard, J., & Hadders-Algra, M. (2003). Kinematic quality of reaching movements in preterm infants. Pediatric Research, 53, 836-842.[2] Domellöf, E., Rösblad, B., & Rönnqvist, L. (2009). Impairment severity selectively affects the control of proximal and distal components of reaching movements in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51, 807-816.[3] Rönnqvist, L., & Rösblad, B. (2007). Kinematic analysis on unimanual reaching and grasping movements in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Clinical Biomechanics, 22, 165-175.
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44.
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45.
  • Rönnqvist, Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term effects of a preterm birth on cerebellar volumes and myelination: links to children's cognitive and motor performance at 8-years of age
  • 2021
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Recent studies have found that a reduced growth of the cerebellum is associated with poorer scores on both general intelligence tests and motor balance tests (Matthews et al., 2018) in children born preterm (PT), and that lower test scores may be persistent in adolescents born very PT (Allin et al., 2001). Notably, even low-risk children born PT at 9-years of age have been reported displaying regional brain volume reduction in the cerebellum (Arhan et al., 2017). So far, however, few studies have been conducted on cerebellar volumes and the role of its myelinated content, and if/how cerebellar myelination is associated with cognitive and kinematic outcome performance in children born PT.To this end, the present study aim was to investigate whether cerebellar volumes were associated with gestational age (GA) and/or birth weight (BW) in a sample of children born PT (without known focal lesions) compared to controls (term born). We also wished to explore whether the cerebellum volumetric analyses, targeting the amount of myelinated content, would be linked to the children’s cognitive and motor performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 59 children investigated at early school-age (M = 8.17 years), 27 born PT (divided into moderately PT, MPT, and very PT, VPT) and 32 born full-term (FT). Brain scans were conducted by a 3.0-Tesla MRI scanner and Synthetic MRI (SyMRI) was used to investigate brain and cerebellar volumes and additionally, the amount of myelin content. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th Edition (WISC-IV), and goal-directed upper-limb movement kinematics were recorded by a 6-camera, optoelectronic 3D registrations system (240Hz). RESULTS: The results displayed reduced volumes of the cerebellum for children born VPT (see Table 1), and  smaller volumes were significantly associated with lower GA and BW. Children born VPT showed significantly lower full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) scores than children born MPT and FT. Overall, reduced myelinated content in the cerebellum was also significantly associated with lower FSIQ scores (see Fig.1). The children born VPT further displayed significantly poorer upper-limb kinematics than the other groups. However, no evident overall (independent of GA at birth) correlation was found between reduced volumes of the cerebellum and the kinematic performance. CONCLUSIONS: A very preterm birth (< 32 weeks’ of gestation) increases the risk for long-term effects on cerebellar volumes, including less myelin content, and poorer cognitive and motor performance. The findings emphasize the importance of myelinated content in cerebellum and its role for cognitive function and upper-limb movement performance in children born very preterm. These findings merit for further longitudinal studies including bigger samples of both preterm and term born infants and children.Keywords: preterm, children, cerebellum, brain volumes, myelin, cognitive functioning, motor functioningReferences:Matthews et al., Longitudinal preterm cerebellar volume: perinatal and neurodevelopmental outcome associations. The Cerebellum, 2018, 17(5), 610-627.Allin et al., Cognitive and motor function and the size of the cerebellum in adolescents born very pre-term. Brain, 2001, 124(1), 60-66.Arhan et al., Regional brain volume reduction and cognitive outcomes in preterm children at low risk at 9 years of age. Child's Nervous System, 2017, 33, 8, 1317–1326.
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46.
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47.
  • Rönnqvist, Louise, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Neuromotor and cognitive functions in 4-9-years-old children born prematurely
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 53:Suppl. s3, s. 33-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: To identifying developmental differences in neurologically based functioning in preterm born children compared with typically developing, fullterm born children. BACKGROUND: Resent follow-up studies of children born prematurely, even in those without identified neuropathology, have consistently found poorer neuromotor and cognitive skills at school age; thus, at least from group level comparisons. Still, our knowledge is limited in how a preterm birth may effects later behavioural outcomes. DESIGN/METHODS: In the first phase of this ongoing, cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal study, motor functions, laterality and cognitive functions have been investigated in 4-9-years-old children born prematurely (N= 70, Mean GW=31), and in comparison to age matched fullterm born children (N=78). Additionally, brain imaging (MRI) data was collected on both fullterm and preterm born children at the age of 7-9-years. Kinematic movement registrations and additional behaviour measurements in combination with high resolution, structural 3Tesla MRI scans was used to investigate a number of expected crucial issues and associations between neuromotor, cognitive and structural organisations in both the preterm and the full term born children. RESULTS: Preliminary outcomes indicating subtitle, but still overall differences in most of the kinematic parameters analysed from arm, hand, and head movements (e.g., movement durations, smoothes, segmentation, velocity profile), and with less lateralized sensory-motor performance in the preterm born children at the age of 4- and 7-9-years in comparison to fullterm born children. In addition, the kinematic outcomes were associated with the cognitive performance in the preterm born children. These results are suggesting that both neuromotor and cognitive functions are less efficient in preterm born children. These behavioural outcomes will further be investigated in relation to the outcomes from the MRI investigations. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome from the first analysis underscores the need for further refine investigations and follow-ups, even on an individual level, for the majority of preterm born children.
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48.
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49.
  • Sandlund, Marlene, 1972-, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of practice with motion interactive video games on goal-directed arm movements in children with cerebral palsy : a kinematic evaluation
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of goal-directed arm movements in children with cerebral palsy after four weeks of daily practice with motion interactive games, and to explore and compare the applicability of various kinematic parameters in a virtual context compared to a situation with real objects. Methods: Fifteen children with CP, 6-16 years, practiced with the EyeToyâ for PlayStation2â in their homes during four weeks. Before and after the intervention kinematics and kinetics were captured with a five camera motion analysis system (Proreflex, Qualisys AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) and a force plate. The children performed arm movements towards both virtual and real targets. Results: The children used a more economic reaching strategy with shorter Centre of pressure paths, improved Movement precision, and reduced variability in Maximal shoulder angles during play after practice. Transfer of improved motor control to goal-directed arm movements towards real targets was also indicated by increased Movement smoothness, and while reaching with the non-dominant side, reduced Centre of pressure paths path. The spatiotemporal characteristics proved complex to interpret in terms of improved motor control. Conclusions: When taking the constraints of the tasks into account the relevant kinematic parameters explored support the conclusion that practice with motion interactive games resulted in an improved motor control. The results of this study illuminate the importance of considering both the nature of the task and the context in which movements are performed when selecting and interpreting kinematic parameters.
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50.
  • Sandlund, Marlene, et al. (författare)
  • Training of goal directed arm movements with motion interactive video games in children with cerebral palsy : a kinematic evaluation
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Developmental Neurorehabilitation. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1751-8423 .- 1751-8431. ; 17:5, s. 318-326
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of goal-directed arm movements in 15 children with cerebral palsy (CP) following four weeks of home-based training with motion interactive video games. A further aim was to investigate the applicability and characteristics of kinematic parameters in a virtual context in comparison to a physical context.Method: Kinematics and kinetics were captured while the children performed arm movements directed towards both virtual and physical targets.Results: The children’s movement precision improved, their centre of pressure paths decreased, as did the variability in maximal shoulder angles when reaching for virtual objects. Transfer to a situation with physical targets was mainly indicated by increased movement smoothness.Conclusion: Training with motion interactive games seems to improve arm motor control in children with CP. The results highlight the importance of considering both the context and the task itself when investigating kinematic parameters.
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