| 1. |
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| 2. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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| 4. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 5. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 6. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- He, Xin, et al.
(författare)
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Worsening of Renal Function Among Hospitalized Patients With Acute Heart Failure: Phenotyping, Outcomes, and Predictors.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Mayo Clinic proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 1942-5546 .- 0025-6196. ; 97:9, s. 1619-1630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To define clinical phenotyping and its associated outcome of worsening of renal function (WRF) in hospitalized acute heart failure (AHF) patients.Latent class analysis was performed in 113 AHF patients who developed WRF within 72 hours in the DOSE (Diuretic Optimization Strategies Evaluation) trial (from March 2008 to November 2009) and ROSE-AHF (Renal Optimization Strategies Evaluation in Acute Heart Failure) trial (from September 2010 to March 2013) to identify potential WRF phenotypes. Clinical characteristics and outcome (in-hospital and post-discharge) were compared between different phenotypes.Two WRF phenotypes were identified by latent class analysis, which we named WRF minimally responsive to diuretics (WRF-MRD) and WRF responsive to diuretics (WRF-RD). Among the population, 58 (9.5%) developed WRF-MRD and 55 (9.0%) developed WRF-RD. Patients with WRF-MRD had more comorbidities than WRF-RD. In WRF-MRD, there were an early increase in serum creatinine, a smaller amount of net fluid loss and weight loss, and a higher rate of worsening or persistent heart failure over 72 hours. In contrast, for those with WRF-RD, they had faster in-hospital net fluid loss and weight loss and a better 60-day survival after discharge even compared with patients without WRF (P=.004). Furthermore, baseline chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and cystatin C were independent predictors of WRF-MRD, whereas serum hemoglobin and sodium predicted WRF-RD.Among hospitalized AHF patients, we identified two phenotypes of WRF with distinct response to heart failure treatment, predictors, and short-term prognosis after discharge. The results could help early differentiation of WRF phenotypes in clinical practice.
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| 11. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 12. |
- Kumar, RM Saravana, et al.
(författare)
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Auxin enhances grafting success in Carya cathayensis (Chinese hickory)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Planta. - : Springer. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 247:3, s. 761-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Main conclusionApplication of auxin to root stock and scion increases the success rate of grafting in Chinese hickory.The nuts of the Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) tree are considered both delicious and healthy. The popularity and high demand result is that the hickory nuts are of very high economical value for horticulture. This is particularly true for the Zhejiang province in eastern China where this tree is widely cultivated. However, there are several difficulties surrounding the hickory cultivation, such as for example long vegetative growth, tall trees, labour-intensive nut picking, and slow variety improvements. These complications form a great bottleneck in the expansion of the hickory industry. The development of an efficient grafting procedure could surpass at least some of these problems. In this study, we demonstrate that application of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid promotes the grafting process in hickory, whereas application of the auxin transport inhibitor 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid inhibits the grafting process. Furthermore, we have identified hickory genes in the PIN, ABCB, and AUX/LAX-families known to encode influx and efflux carriers in the polar transport of auxin. We show that increased expression of several of these genes, such as CcPIN1b and CcLAX3, is correlating with successful grafting.
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| 13. |
- Afzal, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of a perovskite-ceria functional layer-based solid oxide fuel cell
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 42:27, s. 17536-17543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fuel cell based on a functional layer of perovskite Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) composited samarium doped ceria (SDC) has been developed. The device achieves a peak power density of 640.4 mW cm(-2) with an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.04 Vat 560 degrees C using hydrogen and air as the fuel and oxidant, respectively. A numerical model is applied to fit the experimental cell voltage. The kinetics of anodic and cathodic reactions are modeled based on the measurements obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Modeling results are in well agreement with the experimental data. Mechanical stability of the cell is also examined by using analysis with field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) associated with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) after testing the cell performance.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- An, Dong, et al.
(författare)
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NIR-II Responsive Inorganic 2D Nanomaterials for Cancer Photothermal Therapy : Recent Advances and Future Challenges
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 31:32
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-invasive cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising replacement for traditional cancer treatments. The second near-infrared region induced PTT (NIR-II PTT, 1000-1500 nm) with less energy dissipation has been developed for deeper-seated tumor treatment in recent years compared with the traditional first near-infrared light (750-1000 nm). In addition, the use of emerging inorganic 2D nanomaterials as photothermal agents (PTAs) further enhanced PTT efficiency due to their intrinsic photothermal properties. NIR-II light stimulated inorganic 2D nanomaterials for PTT is becoming a hot topic in both academic and clinical fields. This review summarizes the categories, structures, and photothermal conversion properties of inorganic 2D nanomaterials for the first time. The recent synergistic strategies of NIR-II responsive PTT combined with other treatment approaches including chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy are summarized. The future challenges and perspectives on these 2D nanomaterials for NIR-II responsive PTT systems construction are further discussed.
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| 18. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2016
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 98:8, s. S1-S280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the second lowest value on record, 33% lower than the 1981-2010 average. Arctic sea ice cover remains relatively young and thin, making it vulnerable to continued extensive melt. The mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has the capacity to contribute similar to 7 m to sea level rise, reached a record low value. The onset of its surface melt was the second earliest, after 2012, in the 37-year satellite record. Sea surface temperature was record high at the global scale, surpassing the previous record of 2015 by about 0.01 degrees C. The global sea surface temperature trend for the 21st century-to-date of +0.162 degrees C decade(-1) is much higher than the longer term 1950-2016 trend of +0.100 degrees C decade(-1). Global annual mean sea level also reached a new record high, marking the sixth consecutive year of increase. Global annual ocean heat content saw a slight drop compared to the record high in 2015. Alpine glacier retreat continued around the globe, and preliminary data indicate that 2016 is the 37th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover for each month from February to June was among its four least extensive in the 47-year satellite record. Continuing a pattern below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska and at the Canadian observatory on northernmost Ellesmere Island. In the Antarctic, record low monthly surface pressures were broken at many stations, with the southern annular mode setting record high index values in March and June. Monthly high surface pressure records for August and November were set at several stations. During this period, record low daily and monthly sea ice extents were observed, with the November mean sea ice extent more than 5 standard deviations below the 1981-2010 average. These record low sea ice values contrast sharply with the record high values observed during 2012-14. Over the region, springtime Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion was less severe relative to the 1991-2006 average, but ozone levels were still low compared to pre-1990 levels. Closer to the equator, 93 named tropical storms were observed during 2016, above the 1981-2010 average of 82, but fewer than the 101 storms recorded in 2015. Three basins-the North Atlantic, and eastern and western North Pacific-experienced above-normal activity in 2016. The Australian basin recorded its least active season since the beginning of the satellite era in 1970. Overall, four tropical cyclones reached the Saffir-Simpson category 5 intensity level. The strong El Nino at the beginning of the year that transitioned to a weak La Nina contributed to enhanced precipitation variability around the world. Wet conditions were observed throughout the year across southern South America, causing repeated heavy flooding in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Wetter-than-usual conditions were also observed for eastern Europe and central Asia, alleviating the drought conditions of 2014 and 2015 in southern Russia. In the United States, California had its first wetter-than-average year since 2012, after being plagued by drought for several years. Even so, the area covered by drought in 2016 at the global scale was among the largest in the post-1950 record. For each month, at least 12% of land surfaces experienced severe drought conditions or worse, the longest such stretch in the record. In northeastern Brazil, drought conditions were observed for the fifth consecutive year, making this the longest drought on record in the region. Dry conditions were also observed in western Bolivia and Peru; it was Bolivia's worst drought in the past 25 years. In May, with abnormally warm and dry conditions already prevailing over western Canada for about a year, the human-induced Fort McMurray wildfire burned nearly 590000 hectares and became the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with $3 billion (U.S. dollars) in insured losses.
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| 19. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 99:8, s. S1-S310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 20. |
- Cao, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Delimiting species in Basidiomycota : a review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fungal diversity. - : Springer Nature. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 109:1, s. 181-237
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species delimitation is one of the most fundamental processes in biology. Biodiversity undertakings, for instance, require explicit species concepts and criteria for species delimitation in order to be relevant and translatable. However, a perfect species concept does not exist for Fungi. Here, we review the species concepts commonly used in Basidiomycota, the second largest phylum of Fungi that contains some of the best known species of mushrooms, rusts, smuts, and jelly fungi. In general, best practice is to delimitate species, publish new taxa, and conduct taxonomic revisions based on as many independent lines of evidence as possible, that is, by applying a so-called unifying (or integrative) conceptual framework. However, the types of data used vary considerably from group to group. For this reason we discuss the different classes of Basidiomycota, and for each provide: (i) a general introduction with difficulties faced in species recognition, (ii) species concepts and methods for species delimitation, and (iii) community recommendations and conclusions.
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| 21. |
- Cho, Kin-Sang, et al.
(författare)
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Re-establishing the regenerative potential of central nervous system axons in postnatal mice.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of cell science. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0021-9533 .- 1477-9137. ; 118:Pt 5, s. 863-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At a certain point in development, axons in the mammalian central nervous system lose their ability to regenerate after injury. Using the optic nerve model, we show that this growth failure coincides with two developmental events: the loss of Bcl-2 expression by neurons and the maturation of astrocytes. Before postnatal day 4, when astrocytes are immature, overexpression of Bcl-2 alone supported robust and rapid optic nerve regeneration over long distances, leading to innervation of brain targets by day 4 in mice. As astrocytes matured after postnatal day 4, axonal regeneration was inhibited in mice overexpressing Bcl-2. Concurrent induction of Bcl-2 and attenuation of reactive gliosis reversed the failure of CNS axonal re-elongation in postnatal mice and led to rapid axonal regeneration over long distances and reinnervation of the brain targets by a majority of severed optic nerve fibers up to 2 weeks of age. These results suggest that an early postnatal downregulation of Bcl-2 and post-traumatic reactive gliosis are two important elements of axon regenerative failure in the CNS.
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| 22. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
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| 23. |
- Deng, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling asymmetric deformation along a curved strike-slip basement-fault system
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of earth sciences. - : Springer. - 1437-3254 .- 1437-3262. ; 110, s. 165-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale curved strike-slip fault systems along which significant amounts of displacement have taken place are common in nature. Scaled analogue experiments were used in this study to investigate strike-slip deformation in cover units above a curved basement-fault system simulated by a rigid plate with an in-built curvature depicting a half-circular fault. The model results show that en-echelon, right-stepping Riedel shears and low-angle synthetic shears (Y-shears) always form at the beginning of deformation, and grow outwards with splay faults, most of which evolve into thrusts at later stages of deformation. Digital image correlation (DIC) analyses of the surface displacement vectors show that a diffuse zone of deformation progressively changes into en-echelon shears, which gradually develop into throughgoing shear zones with further deformation. The geometries of Riedel shears along two sides of the basement fault (i.e. concave and convex sides) show significant differences in fault shape and intersection angles between the faults and the curved basement fault, indicating an asymmetry in deformation with a much wider deformation zone occurring on the concave side. As a result, en-echelon and/or overlapping flower structures develop along the curved basement strike-slip fault system. In particular, Riedel shears with a upward-convex geometry are localised in both sides of the curved basement fault and a continuous reverse oblique-slip fault forms at the concave side. When compared with the geometry of curved strike-slip faults in nature (e.g. the Daliangshan shear zone in Xichang basin and the Red River shear zone in the Yinggehai basin, China) the model results depict the asymmetric evolution pattern of the faults on either side of curved basement faults.
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| 24. |
- Deng, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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The electrolyte-layer free fuel cell using a semiconductor-ionic Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-delta - Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-delta composite functional membrane
- 2017
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Pergamon Press. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 42:39, s. 25001-25007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commercial double Perovskite Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-delta (SFM), a high performance and redox stable electrode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), has been used for the electrolyte (layer)-free fuel cell (EFFC) and also as the cathode for the electrolyte based SOFC in a comprehensive study. The EFFC with a homogeneous mixture of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-delta (SDC) and SFM achieved a higher power density (841 mW cm(-2)) at 550 degrees C, while the SDC electrolyte based SOFC, using the SDC-SFM composite as cathode, just reached 326 mW cm(-2) at the same temperature. The crystal structure and the morphology of the SFM-SDC composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed that the charge transfer resistance of EFFCs were much lower than that of the electrolyte-based SOFC. To illustrate the operating principle of EFFC, we also conducted the rectification characteristics test, which confirms the existence of a Schottky junction structure to avoid the internal electron short circuiting. This work demonstrated advantages of the semiconductor-ionic SDC-SFM material for advanced EFFCs.
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| 25. |
- Ding, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial intelligence-assisted point-of-care testing system for ultrafast and quantitative detection of drug-resistant bacteria
- 2023
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Ingår i: SMARTMAT. - : WILEY. - 2766-8525.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As one of the major causes of antimicrobial resistance, beta-lactamase develops rapidly among bacteria. Detection of beta-lactamase in an efficient and low-cost point-of-care testing (POCT) way is urgently needed. However, due to the volatile environmental factors, the quantitative measurement of current POCT is often inaccurate. Herein, we demonstrate an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted mobile health system that consists of a paper-based beta-lactamase fluorogenic probe analytical device and a smartphone-based AI cloud. An ultrafast broad-spectrum fluorogenic probe (B1) that could respond to beta-lactamase within 20 s was first synthesized, and the detection limit was determined to be 0.13 nmol/L. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical device was fabricated for integration of B1. Also, a smartphone-based AI cloud was developed to correct errors automatically and output results intelligently. This smart system could calibrate the temperature and pH in the beta-lactamase level detection in complex samples and mice infected with various bacteria, which shows the problem-solving ability in interdisciplinary research, and demonstrates potential clinical benefits.
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| 26. |
- Dong, Bin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Design of an Asymmetrical Quadruple-ridge Flared Horn Feed: a Solution to Eliminate Polarization Discrepancy in the Offset Reflecting Systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: IET Conference Publications. ; 2018:CP741
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quadruple-ridge Flared Horns (QRFHs) have been showing qualified performance as the feed antennas for the reflecting systems in the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). However, due to the offset optics of the SKA reflecting system, identical illuminations from dual polarizations of the feed would but result in different system performance. This difference would become more severe towards high frequencies and may cause the worse polarization unqualified for the desired specification. In this paper, an asymmetrical QRFH feed working over Band B (4.6–24 GHz) is proposed and optimized to tackle this problem.The asymmetrical Band-B feed is composed of two different and orthogonal pairs of both ridges and sidewall quad-pieces, so as to provide orthogonal polarizations but different illuminations. Simulated results show that, by this asymmetrical design different beamwidths and different combinations of sub-efficiencies can be provided for two polarizations, so as to eliminate the polarization discrepancy over most of the bandwidth. Benefitting from this elimination, both polarizations of the Band-B feed have now achieved the SKA specification in terms of aperture efficiency.
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| 27. |
- Dong, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental and theoretical evidence for the chemical mechanism in SERRS of rhodamine 6G adsorbed on colloidal silver excited at 1064 nm
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. - : Wiley. - 1097-4555 .- 0377-0486. ; 41:7, s. 719-720
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evidence for the existence of a chemical mechanism in surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) of rhodamine 6G (R6G) adsorbed on colloidal silver excited at 1064 nm is reported on the basis of experimental and theoretical analyses. A weak absorption peak at around 1060 nm for R6G-functionalized silver nanoparticles was observed, which is not present in the individual spectra of R6G or silver nanoparticles. Theoretically, the charge difference density reveals that this weak absorption is a metal-to-molecule charge transfer excited state. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 28. |
- Dong, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Is 4-nitrobenzenethiol converted to p,p '-dimercaptoazobenzene or 4-aminothiophenol by surface photochemistry reaction?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. - : Wiley. - 1097-4555 .- 0377-0486. ; 42:6, s. 1205-1206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time, the experimental and theoretical evidence for the conversion of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) to p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) in Ag and Cu sols by surface photochemistry reaction is obtained with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The SERS spectrum of 4-NBT in Cu sol is identical to that of DMAB produced from 4-aminothiophenol in Ag sol as reported in recent literature, thereby providing direct spectral evidence. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 29. |
- Dong, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Local and Remote Charge-Transfer-Enhanced Raman Scattering on One-Dimensional Transition-Metal Oxides
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Chemistry - An Asian Journal. - : Wiley. - 1861-4728. ; 5:8, s. 1824-1829
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The one-dimensional (1D) transition-metal oxide MoO3 belt is synthesized and characterized with Xray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Charge-transfer-(CT) enhanced Raman scattering of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) on a 1D MoO3 belt was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The chemical enhancement of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of 4-MBA on the MoO3 belt by CT is in the order of 10(3). The SERS of 4-MBA was investigated theoretically by using a quantum chemical method. The remote SERS of 4-MBA along the 1D MoO3 belt (the light excitation to one side of the MoO3 belt, and the SERS spectrum is collected on the other side of the MoO3 belt) is also shown experimentally, which provides potential applications of SERS. The incident polarization dependence of remote SERS spectra has also been investigated experimentally.
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| 30. |
- Dong, Bin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization and Realization of Quadruple-ridge Flared Horn with New Spline-defined Profiles as a High-efficiency Feed over 4.6–24 GHz
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 67:1, s. 585-590
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present a new optimization and realization of a quadruple-ridge flared horn (QRFH) as a feed for reflector antennas of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project. The QRFH has been numerically optimized by spline-defined profiles for both the ridges and the horn sidewall, with a conical cavity in the back-short for maximum aperture efficiency. The final aperture efficiency better than (for horizontal polarization) or around (for vertical polarization) 78% over 4.6–8 GHz, 70% over 8–15 GHz, 65% over 15–20 GHz and 60% over 20–24 GHz in the SKA offset-Gregorian dual-reflector antenna has been achieved. The realization of the horn has been carried out carefully by applying several new mechanical design solutions in order to guarantee the accurate positioning of the ridges, the feeding pins and a good electrical contact. The measured S11 is mostly better than -10 dB and the predicted aperture efficiency based on the measured far field patterns agrees well with the simulated result. System performance, such as the sensitivity and system noise temperature, are also estimated and presented.
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| 31. |
- Dong, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Substrate-, Wavelength-, and Time-Dependent Plasmon-Assisted Surface Catalysis Reaction of 4-Nitrobenzenethiol Dimerizing to p,p '-Dimercaptoazobenzene on Au, Ag, and Cu Films
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 27:17, s. 10677-10682
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we experimentally investigate the substrate, wavelength, and time dependence of the plasmon-assisted surface-catalyzed dimerization of 4-nitrobenzenethiol to form p,p'-dimercaptoazobenzene on Au, Ag, and Cu films. We provide direct experimental evidence that surface plasmon resonance plays the most important role in these surface-catalyzed reactions. It is found that the reaction is strongly dependent on the substrate, the wavelength of the laser, and the reaction timescales. Our experimental results revealed that optimal experimental conditions can be rationally chosen to control (accelerate or restrain) this reaction. The experimental results are also confirmed by theoretical calculations.
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| 32. |
- Dong, Jiankai, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental study on a novel radiant-convective heating system based on air source heat pump
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 158, s. 812-821
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air source heat pump (ASHP) has been widely applied to many parts of the world due to its simple structure and low initial cost. To save energy consumed for spacing heating and enhance the indoor thermal environment, improving the performances of ASHP has become one of the research focus in the relevant field. Currently, the most conventional heating terminal of ASHP system for spacing heating is finned tube heat exchanger coupled with air fan, which may cause strong draught sensation and dry eye problem and make users feel uncomfortable during convective heating. On the other hand, radiant heating is attracting more and more attention due to its comfortable indoor thermal environment. In this paper, a novel radiant-convective heating terminal was presented and coupled into an ASHP system. Both the operating characteristics and heating performances of the novel system were experimentally investigated. The experimental results showed that the novel system took about 28 min to enter a steady operating stage, during which the radiant panel surface temperature and outlet air temperature for the novel heating terminal, and COP of the novel system were 40.9 degrees C, 32.1 degrees C, and 3.11, respectively, under a standard heating condition. In addition, all parameters mentioned above saw a linear increase when the outdoor air temperature increased from -4.0 to 10.0 degrees C, and their respective rising rates were 0.41 degrees C, 0.28 degrees C and 0.04 per increased outdoor air temperature. Furthermore, the experimental results also demonstrated that adjusting the indoor air flow rate could effectively allocate the amount of heat generated by different heat transfer modes, which may have significant effects on the indoor thermal environment.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Dong, Wenjing, et al.
(författare)
-
All in One Multifunctional Perovskite Material for Next Generation SOFC
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 193, s. 225-230
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multifunctional roles of La0.2Sr0.25Ca0.45TiO3 (LSCT) perovskite material as anode, cathode, and electrolyte for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) are discovered for the first time, and have been investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and fuel cell (FC) measurements. LSCT resistance decreases prominently in FC environment as shown in this study. An improved performance was observed by compositing LSCT with samaria doped ceria (SDC) at 550 degrees C when the FC power density increased from tens of mW cm(-2) for the pure LSCT system up to hundreds of mW cm(-2). The improved conductivity of LSCT-SDC composite is highlighted. The multifunctionality of LSCT as cathode, anode and electrolyte could be attributed to different conducting behavior at high and low oxygen partial pressures and ionic conduction at intermediate oxygen partial pressures. These new discoveries not only indicate great potential for exploring multifunctional perovskites for the next generation SOFC, but also deepen SOFC science and develop new technologies.
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| 35. |
- Dong, Wenjing, et al.
(författare)
-
Charge transport study of perovskite solar cells through constructing electron transport channels
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi (a) applications and materials science. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1862-6300 .- 1862-6319. ; 214:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have attracted much attention in the recent years. It is important to understand their working principle in order to uncover the reasons behind their high efficiency. In this study, the carrier transport mechanism of PSC by controlling the structure of a scaffold is investigated. CeO2 is used as an electron blocking material in PSCs to study the electron transport behavior for the first time. The influence of light absorption can be excluded because CeO2 has a similar bandgap to TiO2. A variety of scaffolds are constructed using nano-TiO2 and CeO2. The results show that electrons can transport from light absober (perovskite) to FTO electrode (external circuit) through two kinds of channels. The energy band level, as well as the electronic conductivity of the scaffolds, is are key issues that affect electron transport. Although perovskites are able to transport both electrons and holes, it is still necessary to have effective electron transport channels (ETCs) between perovskite and external circuit for the sake of high efficiency. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis suggests that the lack of such channels will result in high recombination. The number of ETCs and effecient electron-hole separation are also proven to be important for cell performance.
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| 36. |
- Dong, Xiao Xia, et al.
(författare)
-
Carrier-envelope-phase measurement of sub-cycle UV pulses using angular photofragment distributions
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Communications Physics. - : Springer Nature. - 2399-3650. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) of sub-cycle ultraviolet (UV) pulse strongly influences the dynamics of quantum systems, but its characterization is not accessible experimentally. Here we investigate photodissociation of a diatomic molecule from its ground-rovibrational state in a linearly polarized weak sub-cycle UV pulse with a controlled CEP. The angular distribution of photofragments shows an asymmetric profile deviating from the well-known cos(2-) or sin(2)-like ones, which can be identified as a way to imprint CEP. We unveil that such an effect stems from the temporal neighboring rotational excitation by molecular permanent dipole interaction through the joint contributions between counter-rotating and rotating terms. This in turn, opens different pathways in photodissociation dynamics. Given that the temporal excitation between various states with close energies can be manipulated by CEP of subcycle UV pulses, our results pave ways for understanding and manipulating electron, nuclear and their joint dynamics with variation of CEP of attosecond pulses.
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| 37. |
- Dong, Zhihua, et al.
(författare)
-
Invariant plastic deformation mechanism in paramagnetic nickel-iron alloys
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 118:14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Invar anomaly is one of the most fascinating phenomena observed in magnetically ordered materials. Invariant thermal expansion and elastic properties have attracted substantial scientific attention and led to important technological solutions. By studying planar faults in the high-temperature magnetically disordered state of Ni1-cFec, here we disclose a completely different anomaly. An invariant plastic deformation mechanism is characterized by an unchanged stacking fault energy with temperature within wide concentration and temperature ranges. This anomaly emerges from the competing stability between the face-centered cubic and hexagonal close-packed structures and occurs in other paramagnetic or nonmagnetic systems whenever the structural balance exists. The present findings create a platform for tailoring high-temperature properties of technologically relevant materials toward plastic stability at elevated temperatures.
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| 38. |
- Dong, Zhihua, et al.
(författare)
-
Thermo-mechanical properties of Cr-Co-Ni alloys from longitudinal spin fluctuation theory
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 119:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accounting for longitudinal spin fluctuations in the paramagnetic state, we calculate elastic constants and stacking fault energy as a function of temperature and chemical composition for Cr-Co-Ni alloys. The longitudinal spin fluctuations are demonstrated to be important for the quantitative description of the thermo-mechanical properties and the corresponding chemical and temperature dependences. Replacing Ni with Cr and Co is found to yield opposite influence on the mechanical properties at finite temperature. A high thermal stability in plasticity is predicted in the low Cr regime in Cr-Co-Ni alloys, while a good thermal stability in elasticity can be achieved in the high Cr and low Co regime. The present advance in thermo-chemical-magnetic-property enhances the understanding required for an intelligent design of multicomponent alloys toward high-technology applications. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
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| 39. |
- Farnocchia, Davide, et al.
(författare)
-
International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2019 XS
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Planetary Science Journal. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 2632-3338. ; 3:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of the International Asteroid Warning Network's observational exercises, we conducted a campaign to observe near-Earth asteroid 2019 XS around its close approach to Earth on 2021 November 9. The goal of the campaign was to characterize errors in the observation times reported to the Minor Planet Center, which become an increasingly important consideration as astrometric accuracy improves and more fast-moving asteroids are observed. As part of the exercise, a total of 957 astrometric observations of 2019 XS during the encounter were reported and subsequently were analyzed to obtain the corresponding residuals. While the timing errors are typically smaller than 1 s, the reported times appear to be negatively biased, i.e., they are generally earlier than they should be. We also compared the observer-provided position uncertainty with the cross-track residuals, which are independent of timing errors. A large fraction of the estimated uncertainties appear to be optimistic, especially when <0 2. We compiled individual reports for each observer to help identify and remove the root cause of any possible timing error and improve the uncertainty quantification process. We suggest possible sources of timing errors and describe a simple procedure to derive reliable, conservative position uncertainties.
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| 40. |
- Farnocchia, Davide, et al.
(författare)
-
The Second International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2005 LW3
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Planetary Science Journal. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2632-3338. ; 4:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Earth close approach of near-Earth asteroid 2005 LW3 on 2022 November 23 represented a good opportunity for a second observing campaign to test the timing accuracy of astrometric observation. With 82 participating stations, the International Asteroid Warning Network collected 1046 observations of 2005 LW3 around the time of the close approach. Compared to the previous timing campaign targeting 2019 XS, some individual observers were able to significantly improve the accuracy of their reported observation times. In particular, U.S. surveys achieved good timing performance. However, no broad, systematic improvement was achieved compared to the previous campaign, with an overall negative bias persisting among the different observers. The calibration of observing times and the mitigation of timing errors should be important future considerations for observers and orbit computers, respectively.
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| 41. |
- Flygare, Jonas, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Wideband single pixel feed system over 4.6-24 GHz for the Square Kilometre Array
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2019 21st International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, ICEAA 2019. ; , s. 630-635
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the Band B feed system over 4.6-24 GHz designed for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) reflector for radio astronomy applications. The feed is a Quad-ridge Flared Horn (QRFH) with a customized shape based on spline-defined profiles to achieve improved wideband performance. The feed system shows high aperture efficiency and sensitivity on the SKA reflector in predictions based on measured feed beam patterns. We present the feed design overview, cryogenic dewar concept and measurement of receiver noise (10-20 K) with wideband low-noise amplifiers, and full system simulation of the performance.
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| 42. |
- Gao, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Studies of bromine modified single-walled carbon nanotubes using photoelectron spectroscopy and density-functional theory
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-806X .- 1879-0895. ; 75:11, s. 1939-1942
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many applications based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) require chemical modification of carbon nanotube to optimize the functionalities of the device. In this contribution we discuss the properties of SWNTs immersed in a hydrobromic acid (HBr) solution. Changes of atomic and electronic structures of bromine modified SWNTs were investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). Spectra of SWNTs before and after immersion in the HBr solution exhibit different features. To understand the mechanism of interaction between SWNTs and bromine, we performed density-functional theory calculations to reveal the structural changes, adsorption energy and chemical bonding information of SWNTs interacting with bromine. In addition, based on the Gelius model, from the molecular orbitals (MOs), we calculated ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) of SWNTs with and without functionalizing and compared them with the experiment. The present study is a first step in the understanding of the functionalization mechanism of carbon nanotubes.
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| 43. |
- Gao, Shigen, et al.
(författare)
-
High-Speed Trains Automatic Operation with Protection Constraints : A Resilient Nonlinear Gain-based Feedback Control Approach
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IEEE-CAA JOURNAL OF AUTOMATICA SINICA. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2329-9266. ; 6:4, s. 992-999
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the control design for automatic train operation of high-speed trains with protection constraints. A new resilient nonlinear gain-based feedback control approach is proposed, which is capable of guaranteeing, under some proper non-restrictive initial conditions, the protection constraints control raised by the distance-to-go (moving authority) curve and automatic train protection in practice. A new hyperbolic tangent function-based model is presented to mimic the whole operation process of high-speed trains. The proposed feedback control methods are easily implementable and computationally inexpensive because the presence of only two feedback gains guarantee satisfactory tracking performance and closed-loop stability, no adaptations of unknown parameters, function approximation of unknown nonlinearities, and attenuation of external disturbances in the proposed control strategies. Finally, rigorous proofs and comparative simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
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| 44. |
- Guo, Junji, et al.
(författare)
-
Mechanistic Insights into the Coloration, Evolution, and Degradation of NiOx Electrochromic Anodes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 57:15, s. 8874-8880
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NiOx is recognized as the leading candidate for smart window anodes that can dynamically modulate optical absorption, thereby achieving energy efficiency in construction buildings. However, the electrochromic mechanism in NiOx is not yet clear, and the ionic species involved are sometimes ambiguous, particularly in aprotic electrolytes. We demonstrate herein that the "net coloration effect" originates from newly generated high-valence Ni3+/Ni4+ ions during anion-dependent anodization, and the Li+ intercalation/deintercalation only plays a role in modulating the oxidation state of Ni. Unambiguous evidences proving the occurrence of anodization reaction were obtained by both chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry. Benefiting from the irreversible polarization of Ni2+ to Ni3+/Ni4+, the quantity of voltammetric charge increases by similar to 38% under the same test conditions, enhancing the corresponding electrochromic modulation by similar to 8%. Strong linkages between the coloration, evolution, and degradation observed in this work provide in-depth insights into the electrocatalytic and electrochromic mechanisms.
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| 45. |
- Guo, Junji, et al.
(författare)
-
Prominent Electrochromism Achieved Using Aluminum Ion Insertion/Extraction in Amorphous WO3 Films
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:33, s. 19037-19043
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although monovalent lithium has been successfully used as a coloring ion in electrochromic applications, it still faces the challenges of low safety, high cost, and limited reserves. Herein, we demonstrate that the amorphous WO3 films intercalated with Al3+ ions could exhibit desired wide optical modulation (similar to 63.0%) and high coloration efficiency (similar to 72.0 cm(2) A(-1), which is >100% higher than that with Li+ or Na+), benefiting from the three-electron redox properties of aluminum. Due to the strong electrostatic force and large atomic weight, the charge exchange processes for Al3+ ions are limited only to the near-surface region and consequently bring about enhanced electrochromic stability. Our findings provide in-depth insights into the nature of electrochromism and also open up a new route toward scalable electrochromic devices using sputtering techniques and earth-abundant materials.
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| 46. |
- Guo, Junji, et al.
(författare)
-
Vacancy dependent electrochromic behaviors of NiOx anodes : As a single layer and in devices
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 178, s. 193-199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochromic(EC), nonstoichiometric NiOx thin films were made by reactive magnetron sputtering at low oxygen flow ratio(i.e., P = O-2/Ar + O-2 < 10%). The results of optical spectral, x-ray diffraction spectrum, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicate that the samples are oxygen(nickel)-deficient as P <= %4(>=%6), resulting in sub(over)-stoichiometry films. Spectroelectrochemical measurements show that the EC effect of NiOx in nonaqueous PC - LiClO4 electrolyte is direct correlation with the nickel vacancy concentration in films, while that in the aqueous KOH solution is nearly uninfluenced upon the change in stoichiometry as P >= %4. The films deposited at P = 6% exhibit higher coloration efficiency of - 25.3 cm(2)C(-1), larger ionic diffusion coefficient of - 2.84 x 10(-14) m(2)s(-1), and broader EC modulation span of 24% in PC - LiClO4 than the other ones. Based upon these values, EC devices featuring a WO3/PMMA - PC - LiClO4/NiOx structure and excellent performances were fabricated. We demonstrated that the nickel anodization should be responsible for the initial "activation" phenomena, which decreases(increases) the number of oxygen(nickel) vacancies. Moreover, the cause of degradation resulting from Li+-ion trapping in the IS layer was also clarified. This work provides a general framework for studying and designing superior EC devices, experimentally as well as theoretically.
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| 47. |
- Han, Sang Sub, et al.
(författare)
-
Peel-and-Stick Integration of Atomically Thin Nonlayered PtS Semiconductors for Multidimensionally Stretchable Electronic Devices
- 2022
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 14:17, s. 20268-20279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- van der Waals (vdW) crystals with unparalleled electromechanical properties have been explored for transformative devices. Currently, the availability of 2D vdW crystals is rather limited in nature as they are only obtained from certain mother crystals with intrinsically possessed layered crystallinity and anisotropic molecular bonding. Recent efforts to transform conventionally non-vdW three-dimensional (3D) crystals into ultrathin 2D-like structures have seen rapid developments to explore device building blocks of unique form factors. Herein, we explore a "peel-and-stick" approach, where a nonlayered 3D platinum sulfide (PtS) crystal, traditionally known as a cooperate mineral material, is transformed into a freestanding 2D-like membrane for electromechanical applications. The ultrathin (???10 nm) 3D PtS films grown on large-area (>cm2) silicon dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) wafers are precisely "peeled" inside water retaining desired geometries via a capillary-force-driven surface wettability control. Subsequently, they are "sticked" on strain-engineered patterned substrates presenting prominent semiconducting properties, i.e., p-type transport with an optical band gap of ∼1.24 eV. A variety of mechanically deformable strain-invariant electronic devices have been demonstrated by this peel-and-stick method, including biaxially stretchable photodetectors and respiratory sensing face masks. This study offers new opportunities of 2D-like nonlayered semiconducting crystals for emerging mechanically reconfigurable and stretchable device technologies.
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| 48. |
- Hao, Zhengming, et al.
(författare)
-
Converting n-Alkanol to Conjugated Polyenal on Cu(110) Surface at Mild Temperature
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1948-7185. ; 13:14, s. 3276-3282
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achieving C(sp(3))-H activation at a mild temperature is of great importance from both scientific and technologic points of view. Herein, on the basis of the on-surface synthesis strategy, we report the significant reduction of the C(sp(3))-H activation barrier, which results in the full C(sp(3))-H to C(sp(2))-H transformation of n-alkanol (octacosan-1-ol) at a mild temperature as low as 350 K on the Cu(110) surface, yielding the conjugated polyenal (octacosa-tridecaenal) as the final product. The reaction mechanism is revealed by the combined scanning tunneling microscope, density functional theory, and synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy.
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| 49. |
- Hou, Xu, et al.
(författare)
-
PDGF-CC blockade inhibits pathological angiogenesis by acting on multiple cellular and molecular targets
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 107:27, s. 12216-12221
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of identifying VEGF-independent pathways in pathological angiogenesis is increasingly recognized as a result of the emerging drug resistance to anti-VEGF therapies. PDGF-CC is the third member of the PDGF family discovered after more than two decades of studies on PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB. The biological function of PDGF-CC and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, using different animal models, we report that PDGF-CC inhibition by neutralizing antibody, shRNA, or genetic deletion suppressed both choroidal and retinal neovascularization. Importantly, we revealed that PDGF-CC targeting acted not only on multiple cell types important for pathological angiogenesis, such as vascular mural and endothelial cells, macrophages, choroidal fibroblasts and retinal pigment epithelial cells, but also on the expression of other important angiogenic genes, such as PDGF-BB and PDGF receptors. At a molecular level, we found that PDGF-CC regulated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta phosphorylation and expression both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of GSK3beta impaired PDGF-CC-induced angiogenesis, and inhibition of GSK3beta abolished the antiangiogenic effect of PDGF-CC blockade. Thus, we identified PDGF-CC as an important candidate target gene for antiangiogenic therapy, and PDGF-CC inhibition may be of therapeutic value in treating neovascular diseases.
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| 50. |
- Le Yang, Gao, et al.
(författare)
-
Neutron-proton interaction in odd-odd nuclei from statistical analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 106:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The statistical distribution and correlation relationship of the empirical neutron-proton (np) interaction are analyzed, whereby the interaction strengths are extracted from the binding energies using a known four-point formula. By comparing the correlations of the data and those from numerical simulations of the random number method, it is shown that an additional attractive np interaction persists between the last proton and last neutron in odd-odd nuclei. It provides evidence of the residual np interaction from statistical analysis. The adopted new analytical method might be a useful way to clarify the inherent correlation.
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