| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Du, Mingrun, et al.
(författare)
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New ordered structure of amorphous carbon clusters induced by fullerene-cubane reactions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a new category of solids, crystalline materials constructed with amorphous building blocks expand the structure categorization of solids, for which designing such new structures and understanding the corresponding formation mechanisms are fundamentally important. Unlike previous reports, new amorphous carbon clusters constructed ordered carbon phases are found here by compressing C8H8/C60 cocrystals, in which the highly energetic cubane (C8H8) exhibits unusual roles as to the structure formation and transformations under pressure. The significant role of C8H8 is to stabilize the boundary interactions of the highly compressed or collapsed C60 clusters which preserves their long‐range ordered arrangement up to 45 GPa. With increasing time at high pressure, the gradual random bonding between C8H8 and carbon clusters, due to “energy release” of highly compressed cubane, leads to the loss of the ability of C8H8 to stabilize the carbon cluster arrangement. Thus a transition from short‐range disorder to long‐range disorder (amorphization) occurs in the formed material. The spontaneous bonding reconstruction most likely results in a 3D network in the material, which can create ring cracks on diamond anvils.
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| 3. |
- Dong, Jiajun, et al.
(författare)
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Decompression-Induced Diamond Formation from Graphite Sheared under Pressure
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 124:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphite is known to transform into diamond under dynamic compression or under combined high pressure and high temperature, either by a concerted mechanism or by a nucleation mechanism. However, these mechanisms fail to explain the recently reported discovery of diamond formation during ambient temperature compression combined with shear stress. Here we report a new transition pathway for graphite to diamond under compression combined with shear, based on results from both theoretical simulations and advanced experiments. In contrast to the known model for thermally activated diamond formation under pressure, the shear-induced diamond formation takes place during the decompression process via structural transitions. At a high pressure with large shear, graphite transforms into ultrastrong sp3 phases whose structures depend on the degree of shear stress. These metastable sp3 phases transform into either diamond or graphite upon decompression. Our results explain several recent experimental observations of low-temperature diamond formation. They also emphasize the importance of shear stress for diamond formation, providing new insight into the graphite-diamond transformation mechanism.
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| 4. |
- Du, Mingrun, et al.
(författare)
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High pressure and high temperature induced polymerization of C60 solvates : The effect of intercalated aromatic solvents
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 125:31, s. 17155-17163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The polymerization of three typical aromatic solvent-doped fullerene materials with similar hexagonal closest packed (hcp) structures (mesitylene/C60, m-dichlorobenzene/C60 and m-xylene/C60 solvates) is studied under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT, 1.5 GPa, 573 K and 2 GPa, 700 K, respectively). Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies reveal that the intercalated aromatic solvents play a crucial role in tailoring the extent of polymerization of C60 molecules. In the solvates, the solvents confine formation of covalent bonds between C60 molecules to the 001 direction and the (001) plane of the hcp lattices, leading to the formation of mixed polymeric phases of monomers, dimers, one-dimensional (1D) chainlike oligomers, and two-dimensional (2D) tetragonal phase polymers under suitable HPHT conditions. The type and number of substituent groups of the aromatic solvents are found to have significant influence, determining the amounts and types of polymeric phases formed. Our studies enrich the understanding of the formation mechanisms for controllably fabricating polymeric fullerenes and facilitate targeted design and synthesis of unique fullerene-based carbon materials.
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| 5. |
- Lu, Yingchang, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Novel Loci and New Risk Variant in Known Loci for Colorectal Cancer Risk in East Asians
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 29:2, s. 477-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Risk variants identified so far for colorectal cancer explain only a small proportion of milial risk of this cancer, particularly in Asians.Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer in East Asians, cluding 23,572 colorectal cancer cases and 48,700 controls. To identify novel risk loci, we selected 60 omising risk variants for replication using data from 58,131 colorectal cancer cases and 67,347 controls European descent. To identify additional risk variants in known colorectal cancer loci, we performed nditional analyses in East Asians.Results: An indel variant, rs67052019 at 1p13.3, was found to be associated with colorectal cancer risk P = 3.9 x 10(-8) in Asians (OR per allele deletion = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-1.18). This sociation was replicated in European descendants using a variant (rs2938616) in complete linkage sequilibrium with rs67052019 (P = 7.7 x 10(-3)). Of the remaining 59 variants, 12 showed an association P < 0.05 in the European-ancestry study, including rs11108175 and rs9634162 at P < 5 x 10(-8) and o variants with an association near the genome-wide significance level (rs60911071, P = 5.8 x 10(-8); 62558833, P = 7.5 x 10(-8)) in the combined analyses of Asian- and European-ancestry data. In addition, ing data from East Asians, we identified 13 new risk variants at 11 loci reported from previous GWAS.Conclusions: In this large GWAS, we identified three novel risk loci and two highly suggestive loci for lorectal cancer risk and provided evidence for potential roles of multiple genes and pathways in the iology of colorectal cancer. In addition, we showed that additional risk variants exist in many colorectal ncer risk loci identified previously.Impact: Our study provides novel data to improve the understanding of the genetic basis for colorectal ncer risk.
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| 6. |
- Shang, Yuchen, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of short/medium-range order and thermal conductivity in ultrahard sp3 amorphous carbon by C70 precursor
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an advanced amorphous material, sp3 amorphous carbon exhibits exceptional mechanical, thermal and optical properties, but it cannot be synthesized by using traditional processes such as fast cooling liquid carbon and an efficient strategy to tune its structure and properties is thus lacking. Here we show that the structures and physical properties of sp3 amorphous carbon can be modified by changing the concentration of carbon pentagons and hexagons in the fullerene precursor from the topological transition point of view. A highly transparent, nearly pure sp3−hybridized bulk amorphous carbon, which inherits more hexagonal-diamond structural feature, was synthesized from C70 at high pressure and high temperature. This amorphous carbon shows more hexagonal-diamond-like clusters, stronger short/medium-range structural order, and significantly enhanced thermal conductivity (36.3 ± 2.2 W m−1 K−1) and higher hardness (109.8 ± 5.6 GPa) compared to that synthesized from C60. Our work thus provides a valid strategy to modify the microstructure of amorphous solids for desirable properties.
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| 7. |
- Shang, Yuchen, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrahard bulk amorphous carbon from collapsed fullerene
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 599:7886, s. 599-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous materials inherit short- and medium-range order from the corresponding crystal and thus preserve some of its properties while still exhibiting novel properties1,2. Due to its important applications in technology, amorphous carbon with sp2 or mixed sp2–sp3 hybridization has been explored and prepared3,4, but synthesis of bulk amorphous carbon with sp3 concentration close to 100% remains a challenge. Such materials inherit the short-/medium-range order of diamond and should also inherit its superior properties5. Here, we successfully synthesized millimetre-sized samples—with volumes 103–104 times as large as produced in earlier studies—of transparent, nearly pure sp3 amorphous carbon by heating fullerenes at pressures close to the cage collapse boundary. The material synthesized consists of many randomly oriented clusters with diamond-like short-/medium-range order and possesses the highest hardness (101.9 ± 2.3 GPa), elastic modulus (1,182 ± 40 GPa) and thermal conductivity (26.0 ± 1.3 W m−1 K−1) observed in any known amorphous material. It also exhibits optical bandgaps tunable from 1.85 eV to 2.79 eV. These discoveries contribute to our knowledge about advanced amorphous materials and the synthesis of bulk amorphous materials by high-pressure and high-temperature techniques and may enable new applications for amorphous solids.
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| 8. |
- Wu, Bingze, et al.
(författare)
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Significant electron-phonon coupling in nanographene confined in single-walled carbon nanotubes due to the large amplitude of radial breathinglike vibrations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 109:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One-dimensional (1D) van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) exhibit many properties, but many of these are difficult to understand because of their complicated structures and host-guest couplings that remain challenging to understand. Here, we observe a significant electron-phonon coupling (EPC) in 1D armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) confined in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) via resonance Raman spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculation. A strong coupling between radial breathinglike mode (RBLM) phonons and the host nanotubes occurs due to the large vibration amplitude of RBLMs of the guest AGNRs. This results in unique deformation potential interactions in the heterostructure, contributing to the observed EPC enhancement. The EPC could be further modulated and strengthened by high pressure through tuning the RBLM-nanotube interactions. In this paper, we discover a mechanism governing the EPC in vdWHs and pave the way for manipulating the host-guest EPC for further control of the physical properties and potential device applications.
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| 9. |
- Yang, Zhenxing, et al.
(författare)
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Tuning the band gap and the nitrogen content in carbon nitride materials by high temperature treatment at high pressure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Carbon. - : Elsevier. - 0008-6223 .- 1873-3891. ; 130, s. 170-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon nitride (C-N) materials have been attracting great interest because of their extraordinary performance in photocatalysis and energy conversion. However, developing an effective strategy for achieving band-gap engineering of C-N materials to satisfy practical applications remains highly desired. Here we report an efficient way to tune the band gap and control the nitrogen stoichiometry in carbon nitride compounds by using high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) treatment. It is found that treating a g-C3N4 precursor at relatively low temperature (630oC and below) under pressure can efficiently narrow the band gap even down to the red light region (~600 nm), increase the crystallinity, and significantly improve the charge carrier separation efficiency (by two orders of magnitude), almost without changing their stoichiometry. When increasing the treatment temperature under pressure, nitrogen-doped graphene/graphite materials with weak ferromagnetism were obtained. We thus obtained C-N materials with tunable band gaps, ranging from semiconducting to metallic states. XPS measurements show that pyridinic nitrogen is preferentially eliminated under such HPHT conditions while graphitic nitrogen is preserved in the C-N network. Our results thus provide an efficient strategy for tuning the structure and physical properties of C-N materials for applications.
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| 10. |
- Zhai, Chunguang, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular insertion regulates the donor-acceptor interactions in cocrystals for the design of piezochromic luminescent materials
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developing a universal strategy to design piezochromic luminescent materials with desirable properties remains challenging. Here, we report that insertion of a non-emissive molecule into a donor (perylene) and acceptor (1,2,4,5-tetracyanobezene) binary cocrystal can realize fine manipulation of intermolecular interactions between perylene and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobezene (TCNB) for desirable piezochromic luminescent properties. A continuous pressure-induced emission enhancement up to 3 GPa and a blue shift from 655 to 619 nm have been observed in perylene-TCNB cocrystals upon THF insertion, in contrast to the red-shifted and quenched emission observed when compressing perylene-TCNB cocrystals and other cocrystals reported earlier. By combining experiment with theory, it is further revealed that the inserted non-emissive THF forms blue-shifting hydrogen bonds with neighboring TCNB molecules and promote a conformation change of perylene molecules upon compression, causing the blue-shifted and enhanced emission. This strategy remains valid when inserting other molecules as non-emissive component into perylene-TCNB cocrystals for abnormal piezochromic luminescent behaviors.
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| 11. |
- Zhang, Xiangwei, et al.
(författare)
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The prognostic value of tumor length to resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma : a retrospective study
- 2017
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The current TNM classification system does not consider tumor length for patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC). This study explored the effect of tumor length, in addition to tumor depth and lymph node involvement, on survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods: A total of 498 ESCC patients who underwent surgical resection as the primary treatment were selected in the retrospective study. Pathological details were collected, which included tumor type, TNM stage, differentiation. Other collected information were: the types of esophageal resection, ABO blood group, family history and demographic and lifestyle factors. A time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and a regression tree for survival were used to identify the cut-off point of tumor length, which was 3 cm. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify the prognostic factors to ESCC.Results & Discussion: The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates were found to be 82.5%, 55.6%, and 35.1%, respectively. Patients who had larger tumor length (>3 cm) had a higher risk for death than the rest patients. From the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, the overall survival rate was significantly influenced by the depth of the tumor and lymph node involvement (either as dummy or continuous variables), Sex, and tumor length. Using these four variables in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model, we found that the overall survival was significantly influenced by all variables except Sex. Therefore, in addition to the depth of the tumor and lymph node involvement (as either dummy or continuous variables), the tumor length is also an independent prognostic factor for ESCC. The overall survival rate was higher in a group with smaller tumor length (≤3 cm) than those patients with larger tumor length (>3 cm), no matter what the tumor stage was.Conclusion: The tumor length was found to be an important prognostic factor for ESCC patients without receiving neoadjuvant therapy. The modification of EC staging system may consider tumor length to better predict ESCC survival and identify higher risk patients for postoperative therapy.
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| 12. |
- Zhang, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Capture of novel sp3 hybridized Z-BN by compressing boron nitride nanotubes with small diameter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diamond and related materials. - : Elsevier. - 0925-9635 .- 1879-0062. ; 130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental synthesis of new sp3 hybridized carbon/boron nitride structures remains challenging despite that numerous sp3 structures have been proposed in theory. Here, we showed that compressed multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes (MWBNNTs) and boron nitride peapods (C60@BNNTs) with small diameters could transform into a new sp3 hybridized boron nitride allotrope (Z-BN). This strategy is considered from the topological transition point of view in boron nitride nanotubes upon compression. Due to the increased curvature in compressed small-diameter MWBNNTs, the uncommon 4- and 8-membered rings in Z-BN could be more favorably formed. And the irreversible tube collapse is proved to be a critical factor for the capture of the formed Z-BN, because of the competition between the resilience of tube before collapse and the stress limitation for the lattice stabilization of Z-BN upon decompression. In this case, Z-BN starts to form above 19.0 GPa, which is fully reversible below 45 GPa and finally becomes quenchable at 93.5 GPa. This collapse-induced capture of the high-pressure phase could also be extended to other tubular materials for quenching novel sp3 structures.
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| 13. |
- Zhang, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Negative Volume Compressibility in Sc3N@C-80-Cubane Cocrystal with Charge Transfer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 142:16, s. 7584-7590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the laws of thermodynamics, materials normally exhibit contraction or expansion along the directions of the applied pressure or tension. Here, we show that a man-made cocrystal of a metallofullerene and highly energetic cubane, with strained sp(3) bonding, may exhibit an anomalous negative volume compressibility. In this cocrystal, the freely rotating fullerene Sc3N@C-80 acts as a structural building block while static cubane molecules fill the lattice interstitial sites. Under high pressure, Sc3N@C-80 keeps stable and preserves the crystalline framework of the materials, while the cubane undergoes a progressive configurational transformation above 6.5 GPa, probably promoted by charge transfer from fullerene to cubane. A further configurational change of the cubane into a low-density configuration at higher pressure results in an anomalous pressure-driven lattice expansion of the cocrystal (similar to 1.8% volume expansion). Such unusual negative compressibility has previously only been predicted by theory and suggested to appear in mechanical metamaterials.
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